:

Publisher

..
Institut for Construction Banja Luka
,
Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Banja Luka

:
For the publisher:

, ..
General director Vojislav Teanovi, ECTS dipl.oec

:
Editor

. , ...
Prof. dr Mirko Ai , PhD, Dipl. Civ. Eng.

, ..
, . . .
Branka Gatari, ECTS dipl.oec
Vesna Gaji, engineer of business org. and managenent

Technical editors
:
Reparation for printing

. . .
Snjeana Lepir, BScEE

:
Printed by

Point,
Point, Laktai

:
Printed
CD ROM

300
300 copies
300 copies
, maj 2015.
Banja Luka, May 2015.

XI

11th INTERNATIONAL
SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL CONFERENCE

CONTEMPORARY
THEORY AND PRACTICE
IN BUILDING DEVELOPMENT
O:
- ,

- ,
-
-
,
- ..
ORGANIZERS:
- MINISTRY OF SPATIAL PLANNING CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ECOLOGY OF
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
- FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING, BANJA LUKA
- CHAMBRE OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
- THE PUBLIC INSTITUTION INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
TESTING OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
- INSTITUT FOR CONSTRUCTION BANJA LUKA
:
-
- , ,
SPONSORS:
- GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
- CITY OF BANJA LUKA, REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

-
EDIA SPONSOR:
- RADIO-TELEVISION OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

, 14. 15. 2015.

BANJA LUKA, 14 & 15 Y 2015


CONTENTS

FOREWORD


MILENKO PRULJ
BRIDGE AESTHETICS ..................................................................................

,

MIRJANA LUKI
SOLAR SKY SCAPERS CONSTRUCTIONS OF ARCHITECT NORMAN
FOSTER ...........................................................................................................

13

- : ,
MIRKO AI
DRAGICA JEVTI
DIMITRIJE ZAKI
EXPOSED CONCRETE: PROPERTIES, APPLICATION AND
TECHNICAL REGULATION .

21

DOBROSLAV ABRILO
MARKO IVEC
MILENKO PRUL
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MONITORING OF A VIADUCT ON
AN UNSTABLE SLOPE .

31


-
, ,
-
,
MILA PUCAR
MARINA NENKOVI-RIZNI
EXPERIENCES IN IMPLEMENTING SRP SPATIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL,
ENERGY AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING SETTLEMENTS AND
CLIMATE CHANGE MUTUAL IMPACTS COOPERATION, PROBLEMS
AND OBTAINED RESULTS ... 43



DEJAN LUBISAVLEVI
MILAN JOKSIMOVI
STATIC CALCULATION OF SEWER PIPES ...

53

eet eaje oee o oejaa a
o ae
SVETLANA STEVOVI
MORE EFFICIENT ENERGY UTILIZATION OF HYDRO POTENTIAL
ON THE MRATINJE PROFILE ...................................................................... 63
.
.
.

oj 27.10. 1969.
MIODRAG I. MANI
BORKO . BULAJI
MIHAILO D. TRIFUNAC
ON PEAK ACCELERATIONS COMPUTED FROM SLIDING OF
OBJECTS DURING THE OCTOBER 27, 1969 BANJA LUKA
EARTHQUAKE ...

71





ZORAN KNEEVI
VLADISLAVA BARTO DIVAC
ZVONIMIR KOCI
FLOOD PROTECTION OF CITY PARACIN

83

NIKOLA GVOZDOVI
LUBO MARKOVI
LILANA MILI MARKOVI
VELIMIR DUTINA
EFFECT OF THE "SMART HOUSE" CONCEPT ON LIFE QUALITY
AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ........................................................................ 91





2014.
STEVAN PROHASKA
DRAGAN UKI
VLADISLAVA BARTO DIVAC
NEDELKO TODOROVI
ASSESSMENT OF THE RETURN PERIOD OF THE RAINFALL THAT
CAUSED THE DISASTROUS MAY 2014 FLOOD IN SERBIA ..................

101

MILOVAN JOTI
VLADETA VUJANI
THE EXTENT OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE CYCLONE
TAMARA ON STATE ROADS IN SERBIA .. 113



j ''
''
DUKO SUNARI
MILAN MALEEV
BORIS KRUNI
ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF
THE ROAD NEAR OF THE MINE "VELIKI MAIDAN" LJUBOVIJA

123

VLADETA VUJANI
SLOBODAN NEDELJKOVI
MILOVAN JOTI
TERRAIN VULNERABILITY AND ACCEPTABLE RISK IN CREATED
AREA SOME ASPECTS .. 135



ZLATKO MARKOVI
INTRODUCING OF EUROCODES IN STRUCTURAL TECHNICAL
REGULATION OF SERBIA AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT STATE

-

143

RADOVAN VUKOMANOVI
APPLICATION OF ANCHORED RC GRILLAGE STRUCTURES FOR
LANDSLIDES REHABILITATION ...............................................................

151

DRAGAN LUKI
MARTINA VOJNI
ALEKSANDAR PROKI
MIROSLAV BEEVI
MODERN FASTENING OF THE RAIL TO THE SLEEPER
FOR RECONDITIONING OF RAILWAYS ...

161

MATO ULJAREVI
BOJANA GRUJI
DAJANA ULJAREVI
EFFECT OF DETERMINING SOIL PARAMETERS TO HE DEL
CALCULATION RESULTS ...........................................................................

171

AEO O
oae oje oa eeeaa
o e oja II

ANELKO CUMBO
FORMING OF THE LAYERED FINITE ELEMENT FOR ANALYSING
THE INFLUENCE OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ON COMPLEX
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES .

179




VEDRAN CAREVI
JANKO RADOVANOVI
REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE ..

187

K

SLAANA JANKOVI
CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE IN
RESIDENTAL ARCHITECTURE ..................................................................

195

SVETOMIR PROKI
NEBOJA POPOVI
THE KOLUBARA RIVER DISPLACEMENT IN THE LIGNITE BASIN ...

207

( , )
MILE BOI
DEJAN MILOEV
MILORAD STOJADINOVI
PUBLIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH LARGER NUMBER OF USERS
(GROCKA MUNICIPALITY, CITY OF BELGRADE) .................................

225

VELKO UKI
POSSIBILITIES OF APPLICATION BIOREACTOR DISPOSAL IN
MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ..

233

JOVANA UKANOVI
SANJA JANKOVI
TEODORA VUKI
SAA OREVI
GREEN WALLS IN URBAN CITY AREAS AND THEIR INFLUENCE
ON MICROCLIMATE ....................................................................................

241

VLADETA VUJANI
ROAD CONSTRUCTION ON LABILE AND
UNSTABLE TERRAINS .

249

,
-
VLADETA VUJANI
SIMO TOOVI
TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION OF CUT, DAP AND BUILDING
MISTAKES IN COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL GEOTECHNICL
CONDITIONS ..

263

ALEKSANDAR PROKI
MARTINA VOJNI
DRAGAN LUKI
MIROSLAV BEEVI
MODUL REACTION OF SOIL IN THE CALCULATION OF
STRUCTURES ................................................................................................. 273






DRAGAN LUKI
ELEFTERIJA ZLATANOVI
ALEKSANDAR PROKI
MARTINA VOJNI
LOAD TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION INFLUENCED PROCESS
RHEOLOGICAL IN THE ROCK MASS

281

MILAN TRIFKOVI
TIHOMIR MILUTINOVI
ARKO NESTOROVI
GORAN PEJII
ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL GEODETIC NETWORKS FOR
DEFORMATION ANALYS OF ENGINEERING OBJECTS

, ,

291

HAMDO MEI
ANESA LJEVO
RAID HADI
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROJECTOR, CONTRACTOR,
SUPERVISOR IN IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF
INVESTMENT BUILDING ............................................................................

299

ASSET MENAGEMENT-

GORDANA GLOGOVAC
MIODRAG BABI
MILANA KOI
ASSET MENAGEMENT IN WATER UTILITIES ........................................

307

M

MIROSLAV MALINOVI
CONTRIBUTION TO DISCUSSION ON RECENT ARCHITECTURE IN
OFM BOSNA ARGENTINA ........................................................................... 315



BRANKA TOMI
GEOSPATIAL SENSOR NETWORKS IN PREVENTION OF HAZARDS
OF LANDSLIDES IN MUNICIPALITY GRADIKA ... 323

MILICA IGI
PETAR MITKOVI
IVANA BOGDANOVI PROTI
REGENERATION OF FORMER INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES INTO THE
PARKS .

331

RISTO STJEPANOVI
THE REGULATION OF TORRENTIAL STREAMS

339

CVJETKO SANDI
DRAGAN MITROVI
KOVILKA LEKA
NECESSITY FOR MAKING THE LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP
IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA .

349

IVANA KLARI
NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB
SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS 357

ARKO LAZI
ZORAN KONESKI
JOVICA STANOJEVI
ACCIDENTAL TORSION IN SYMMETRICAL STRUCTURES ................

365

EJAA MO
AA
ee ao eja ea, ae oo aoja a
oo eoa - ee aaa oa
DEJANA MILINKOVI
BILANA ILI
CEMENT AS CHEMICAL MIXTURES, CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS
AND COMPONENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF REGULATION IN THE RS ...

375

MAR
MILAN JAKI
DEJAN LJUBISAVLJEVI
MATO ULJAREVI
STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROBLEMS CAUSED BY GROUNDWATER
PUMPING IN MAR SYSTEMS

385

CHS -N

MILIVOJE MILANOVI
MERI CVETKOVSKA
RADENKO PEJOVI
NAZIM MANI
SIZE EFFECT CROSS SECTION CHS COMPOSITE COLUMN ON HIS M N CAPACITY IN TERMS OF FIRE ..
K

391

RADOMIR ZEJAK
NATAA KOPITOVI VUKOVI
BEHAVIOR OF RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH COMPOSITE
MATERIALS - EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ............................................

401

MILICA JOVANOVI POPOVI
SAJA KOSANOVI
BOJANA STANKOVI
METHODOLOGY FOR QUALITY ESTIMATION OF MULTIFAMILY
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SERBIA

409

MILICA JOVANOVI POPOVI
DUAN IGNJATOVI
BOJANA STANKOVI
APPLICATION RANGE OF NATIONAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
TYPOLOGY ON LOCAL LEVEL ..

417

p a eoma ao poappao pao
eoa
JAKOB UTERI
ANDREJ ZAJC
EVALUATION OF BEHAVIOUR OF VERY YOUNG FIBRE
REINFORCED SHOTCRETE .

429




-

SRA ALEKSI
MILIVOJE ROGA
RADOVAN UROVI
TEST LOADING OF STEEL EAVES ACC PODGORICA .

439

MARIJA BODROA
OMISSIONS IN CONDUCTING REGULATIONS OF THE GUIDELINES
FOR
PLANNING
AND
DESIGNING
CONDITIONS
FOR
UNDISTURBED MOVEMENTS OF CHILDREN AND PEOPLE WITH
DECREASED PHYSICAL ABILITIES .......................................................... 445




ISIDORA KARAN
MILANA STIJAK
APPLICATION OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE PLANNING
PROCESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

455

BRANKO MAZI
ALEKSANDRA MANDI
INFLUENCE OF MICRO-LOCATION ON EXTREME DEPTH OF
FROST PENETRATION INTO SOIL . 467


,

PETAR BEGOVI
BRANKO IVANKOVI
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL OF URBAN AREA OF SRBAC ..................

475

,
,



I

MILORAD LOLIN,
DRAGUTIN JEVREMOVI,
DUKO SUNARI
VELJKO MALETI
KATARINA ANDREJEV
LANDSLIDE NEAR ''THE KING ALEXANDER I KARADJO-RDJEVIC''
BRIDGE IN MALI ZVORNIK

483

- :

VLADAN VRANE
MILAN PETROVI
RAINFORCE CONCRETE COLUMN OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS:
INTERNATIONAL VS. LOCAL DESIGN PRACTICE

493

3
NIKOLINA MIJI
MILORAD JANI
CALCULATED QUANTITIES BASED ON 3D MODEL OF CHANNEL ..

503

ANESA LJEVO
RAID HADI
NERMAN RUSTEMPAI
PROJECT MANAGEMENT, QUALITY AND SUCCESS FACTORS IN
CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES ...................................................................

511

SIMO TOOVI
AKI LASLO
SELECTION OF FAILURE CRITERIA FOR DEFINING THE
PARAMETERS OF SHEAR STRENGTH .........

519

SQUAT
DRAGANA DABI
VLADAN VRANE
RAIL DEFECT FROM SQUAT TYPE ON RAILWAY STATION
"PANCEVO VAROS"

527

-
-
DRAGICA JEVTI
TOMISLAV DUBOANIN
ANTIGORIT INFLUENCE TO THE PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT LIME MORTARS 537



.

2 - -

MILENKO STANKOVI
RADUKA CUPA
SAA B. VORO
NEVENA NOVAKOVI
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND REDUCE EMISSIONS OF CO2 NEW
BUILDING FACEG IN BANJA LUKA .

549

BROWNINFO : K

TIJANA VUJII
ALEKSANDRA UKI
DIJANA SIMONOVI
BROWNINFO METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE KEY FOR
ACTIVATION OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS.

557


(60) -
XI -
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ESTETIKA MOSTOVA
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BRIDGE AESTHETICS
Summary:
A bridge as utilizable and symbolic structure shall be reliable (safe and stable),
functional, economical, aesthetically correctly designed and incorporated into
natural or urban space.
The article provides fundamental principles of bridge aesthetics, illustrated by
examples of beautiful as well as less successful solutions.
Keywords: bridge, aesthetics, functionality, reliability, rationality

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. 1981. .
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; , , ,

SOLAR SKY SCAPERS CONSTRUCTIONS OF ARCHITECT

NORMAN FOSTER
Summary:
In this work are presented four high objects skyscrapers of Lord Norman Foster
which uses the principles of solar planning and construction, the save of energy and
recycling of materials. The principles of saving energy and energetic efficiency on
this four high objects
In the world. The Trade Bank of Frankfurt, The Bank Corporation in Hong Kong,
The Hearst Corporation Building in New York, and London skyscraper The
i
Cucumber.
In all these buildings are applied the methods of recycling materials , the save of
energy and constructions and the principles of Green buildings.
Keywords Construction, Energy efficacy, recycling, Green Buildings

13



.
2014 :
-


.
, , 299 m,
,
, 40.000 m2.
, .
47
4 , 179 m, 3200 .
5000 m2, , 52 m.
, ,
75 .
, , 46 , 182 .
, 1928 , ,
.
, ,
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, , ,
. ,

. 180 m

14

 :

1.
1.

..

,
The highest commercial building in Europe, The Commercial Bank in Frankfurt

, , 299 m,
,
, 40.000 m2.
15

 ,
a 2300 .
.

,
.
,
,
.
2.

2.The building of Honking Bank corporation in the city

47
4 , 179 m, 3200 .
5000 m2, , 52 m.
, ,
75 m. , 21

16

 24 ,
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,
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.3. Herst
3. The Hearst Corporation building in NewYork

17

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, 21 .

, , ,
. Emporis Skajskejper
2006 , ,
, .

18

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.4.
4.The London scayscaper Cucomber
,
400m. 180 m.

19


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INTERNET PORTALI:
Lord Norman Foster
NewYork Green building
London Cucomber

20

 1, 2, 3

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.

EXPOSED CONCRETE: PROPERTIES, APPLICATION AND

TECHNICAL REGULATION
Summary:
Different aspects of exposed concrete application are discussed in this paper. Short
historical review of exposed concrete application in Belgrade area and in Serbia is
presented. Also, special attention is paid to the problems related to construction and
exploitation of exposed concrete structures. The significance of formwork's type and
quality is also underlined. The review of relevant technical regulation covering this
area is given. Finally, conclusions related to possible application of exposed
concrete in contemporary civil engineering are derived.
Keywords: exposed concrete, application, exploitation, formwork, technical
regulation

. ,
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21

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(eng: Exposed concrete, nem: Sichtbeton). DIN 18217:
Betonoberflchen und Schalhaut [1], ()
()
( , , , ,
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, SB1 ( ) SB4 (
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SB1
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,
. :
-, , , ,
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DIN 18217 (Betonoberflchen und Schalhaut)
DBV/BDZ-Merkblatt (Sichtbeton), ()
: NORM B2211 (''Beton- und
Stahlbetonarbeiten), OVBB-Richtlinie ''Geschallte Betonflaechen (Sichtbeton)'', DIN 18202
(''Toleranzen im Hochbau''), EN 13670 (''Execution of concrete structures'') TP CEN/TR
15739 (''Precast concrete products'').

28

4
,
()
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(SB1 SB4),
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,
36017
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29

[1] Standard DIN 18217:1981 - Betonoberflchen und Schalhaut, Ausgabe 12/1981.

[2]

DBV/BDZ-Merkblatt: Sichtbeton, Kln, Ausgabe 2004.

[3]

Thomas Freimann, Sehnde-Hver: Betonflchen mit Sichtbetonanforderungen,

Sonderdruck aus Beton-Informationen, Heft 5/2004.

[4]

. , . : " 2",
, 2003.

[5]

"", : http://pulse.rs/stilovi-i-pokreti-usrpskoj-arhitekturi-krajem-xx-pocetkom-xxi-veka.

[6]

. , . :
, ,
,
, , , . 1-16, 2013.

[7]

: " -
",
, 2013.

[8]

'87
, , , 1989.

[9]

. , . , . , . : "

", , 1-2/2002, . 11-19.

[10] Jevti D., Zaki D.: Exposed concrete application once and nowadays, 21. Slovenski
kolokvij o betonih "Vidni beton", Zbornik gradiv in referatov, Ljubljana, Slovenija, 21.
5. 2014, pp. 37-48, ISBN 978-961-93671-0-0.
[11] Korla J.: Measuring quality of visible concrete, 21. Slovenski kolokvij o betonih "Vidni
beton", Zbornik gradiv in referatov, Ljubljana, Slovenija, 21. 5. 2014, pp. 63-69, ISBN
978-961-93671-0-0.
[12] Horvath J.: Construction technology and formed surfaces with visible concrete, 21.
Slovenski kolokvij o betonih "Vidni beton", Zbornik gradiv in referatov, Ljubljana,
Slovenija, 21. 5. 2014, pp. 5-7, ISBN 978-961-93671-0-0.

30

 1, 2, 3

,

:

H4 - , -.
-
.
, ,
333,02 m, 332,53 m.
, 26m.

10
.
: , , ,

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MONITORING OF A

VIADUCT ON AN UNSTABLE SLOPE
Summary:
The paper describes the process of design and construction of a viaduct which is
located in the H4 Highway Razdrto Italian border, Razdrto Vipava section. In
terms of geological soil mechanical characteristics, the highway route belongs to
the most difficult ones in the Republic of Slovenia. The Lozice viaduct is a slope
viaduct composed of two separated, continuous, prestressed structures of box cross
section. The length of the right viaduct amounts to 333.02 m, while of the left
332.53 m. The foundation of the viaduct on a slope was extremely demanding, since
the foundation ground displacement occurred at some 26 m. To ensure the viaduct
safety, permanent monitoring of structural deformations and slope displacements for
a period of 10 years is being carried out.
Keywords: monitoring, landslip, wells, prestressedstructur
1

, , GRADIS BP MARIBOR d.o.o,

, r, GRADIS BP MARIBOR d.o.o,
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VZDOLNI PREREZ V OSI NARIVANJA LEVEGA OBJEKTA

dilatacija D240

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linija terena v osi narivanja in podpor levega objekta

VZDOLNI PREREZ V OSI NARIVANJA DESNEGA OBJEKTA

5.8+87.50

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34

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. ( 6 7)

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5,5 m
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35

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39

STALNI POASNI PREMIKI V INKLINOMETRU NA GLOBINI 11.0

m, TRENUTNO POVPRENA HITROST PREMIKOV 0,6
mm/mesec, KUMULATIVNI PREMIK 33 mm v OSMIH LETIH
OPAZOVANJA!

POL-I7(IPO-4) (+3,5m)

311,55
(AVTOMATSKI INKLINOMETER SE OBVEZNO OHRANI )

POL-I6 (+3,5m)

306,715
(INKLINOMETER, BREZ
JEDROVANJA)

Qpg
GC

9,0

GP/GC

EN
TER
JEN
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nevarna cona!

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(gru apn., kavernozen)

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(zaglinjen do meljast gru apn.)

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[1] / / . 3863 ( 2005-2009),

, ..

41

 1, -2

, ,

- ,

:
- , ,
-
,
2011. 2015. . 50 6 -
.
(). ,
,
.
: , , .

EXPERIENCES IN IMPLEMENTING SRP SPATIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL,

ENERGY AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING SETTLEMENTS
AND CLIMATE CHANGE MUTUAL IMPACTS COOPERATION,
PROBLEMS AND OBTAINED RESULTS
Summary:
The scientific research project entitled The Spatial, Environmental, Energy And Social Aspects of
Developing Settlements And Climate Change Mutual Impacts, financed by the Ministry of
Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia in the period from
2011 to 2015, has gathered over 50 researchers from 6 scientific research institutes and faculties in
Serbia. The Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia (IAUS) is a project
coordinator. This paper shows the way of conducting the scientific research project and presents
some of the results, but also the difficulties encountered by researchers over more than four years of
research work.
Keywords: sustainable development, climate change, the use of new technologies.
1
2

, , , e-mail: mp@iaus.ac.rs
, , , e-mail: marina@iaus.ac.rs

43

1

- ,
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().
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20112015.
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36035. :
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, 2010,
http://147.91.185.80/predlog_sajta/images/stories/pravna_akta/strategija/strategija_prelo
m.pdf , (, 2012.)

Planung und Projekte im Hinblick auf den Klimawandel Situation in Serbien, . Pucar, .
Devetakovic, Klimawandel als Gesellschaftliche Herausforderung - Antworten aus der
Perspektive von Jura und Architektur, Goethe-Institut, 2011, Beograd, Sarajevo.

A Knowledge Base Supporting the Technological Research Project TR36035 on Climate

Changes and Urban Development ICIST 2013, M. Devetakovic, S. Gajin, M. Pucar,
50

International Conference on Information Society Technology, Kopaonik, 2013

Informaciono drustvo Srbije, Serbia 136-141 ISBN 978-86-85525-12-4 http://edrustvo.org/icist/2013/html/pdf/026.pdf
4

,
, . , 38, 14.
2008.

36035 ,
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.

51

 1, 2

:

, ATV-DVWK-A 127.
: a, ,
.
, ,
DN 500 .

.
: ,,,a,

STATIC CALCULATION OF SEWER PIPES

Summary:
his work deals with static calculation of buried sewer pipes via german standard,
worksheetATV-DVWK-A 127. For static analysis were taken pipesfor the four
different materials: concrete , reinforced concrete , polyethylene and glass fiber
reinforced polyester. The calculation tested stresses, strains, deformations and
stability of the pipe wallwith a nominal diameter of DN 500 and for chosen class of
the pipe. Besides loads of soil in static analysis were entered and dynamic loads
from road traffic and computed with the influence of underground water and without
that influence.
Keywords: static claculation, stress, strain, deflection, stability

1
2

. . , - ,, ljubisav@grf.bg.ac.rs,
. . , milanjoksimovic@yahoo.com,

53

1

. ,

.

1- a

: ATV-DVWKA 127, . O
, , .

- HDPE
UP-GF
. SN 5000.
DN 500, ,
s=85mm ; s=75mm . ; s=21,6 mm
s=10mm .
h=0,5
h=5
m
0,5
m
(hw=2
m
)
. ,
b=1,55 m ( 2)
( 2 2). 2= 90
2= 120 . I (
). G3
(G1).
2, 2 , , 2,0=6
N/mm2 a
, . 1
[1] . .
.
3-6 . h
, , 5 6, a 7
. v h .

54

 2 -

1 [1]
M

ER

ER,K

ER,L

N/mm2

N/mm2

KN/m3

R,K
R,L
N/mm2

N/mm2

30 000

24

6,4

30 000

25

(HDPE)

(UP-GF)

800

160

9,4

21

14

8436

5416

17,5

. . . qv=RGpE+pV ,

-pE
o - pV

RG :
. , ,
.

, . ,
,
KN/m3 .

,
, ,
SLW 60.

o -pa

-Rs -W
55

3
,
,
m n
:
2
,rm ,q
qv, qh,
,
, Rs Wrm .
:

: = s x 1mm, W ,
.
,
() :

3 - . ,
=2,2
,

56

 4 -

5- HDPE

6 - UP-GF

57

4
.

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dv,
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6%. 6 %

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58

5.1
qV
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, v2 -
1%; S0 je SBh. ;
-

5.2
.

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:
, D . pa
, . W=10
KN/m3 hW=2 m:

pa:

5.3




.
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59

 8- () ()

6 AK

( , ,
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8 .

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60

ATV-DVWK-A 127
3. ,
, 2013, , . 11-52.

61

EEET EAJE OEE

O OTEJAA A O MATE
ee:
aj oa aeaa oee oee ooj,
eo ooe o aa a ae ee aao a
o Mae e eaa ajeaje oee o ea
ee a. Ao e oeaa aaa aa E a, oa oa a
oae jea o ajaajj oeeaa ao eo
jooe Eoe. E a aa e o oa
oeeea oeeea oeae eee eeo eeeo e.
oeeo e ooe oae oo a aje ee
e, o aaea oo oa eeje, aao
eaa ea joo oooa.
e e: Eeea eao, ooeja, a aa,
Mae, a.

MORE EFFICIENT ENERGY UTILIZATION OF

HYDRO POTENTIAL ON THE MRATINJE PROFILE
Summary:
The impact of global warming and the consequent changes in hydrology, definitely
lead to the conclusion: that the current level of HPP Piva installations, do not
represent the most efficient utilization of hydropower resources of the river Piva, on
Mratinje profile. HPP Piva could become one of the most important hydropower
plants in the region of Southeast Europe, if installed capacity on current HPP Piva
vould increased. HPP Piva would have a very important role in covering peak loads
and providing operating reserves in the electric power system. At the same time, it
would open up additional opportunities for harmonious integration of new
renewable energy sources into the system, in accordance with declared goals of the
Kyoto Protocol.
Keywords: Energy efficiency, hydro potential, peak power, Mratinje, Piva.

, , ,

63

1. O
Ao e o aeao ae aaa eeea eao,
oe oeeeo oejaa a jeo o, oa e eo
oe e a e oeae eeee eao a E a aa oea
aae ae oe oe oejaa, ee ooe
aeje e e eeje. oo eea ao je ea jea o
e aja oeaa aae ae a o e ae Mae,
ao oe oee ae ae eo o.
o eao eea oea ea - a, a oe oea
eaaje e ae eoje oeaje oeeae a,
oeo je aaa ojee oo oeaa aae ae a
o eaae E Mae, aa E a. ooj e e oo
a oeae eea aao oe oeeae eee eaje
oee oejaa a o. eee oje aje aje a je
ajaa a oo oeo ao ao eo o oo je aao
oo eea. eo oeaa o a o Mae je aaa o
oa o e e oaaj oo a aje ee e, oa oa
ooe eeje, a a oae ea joo oooa, o
aea aaea oe ee [1].

2. TAJ
MAT
MEOAE OJEATA

OMEA

. 50 ,
, .
,
,
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, redefinisati, optimizirati
, , .
, ,
.
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[2].
oe eea aao oea ooejaa a o ae
oeeae a, oaa e a ooj eae ao aao
ojea oeae eeee eao oejo oe
oo oa eeje j oo aoja a eja eea
aaaa Eeooje-oee Ee, jo o ae 1980.oe. O
eo ee aae ae a oo eoo ooje, aao e a a
ee ojeoaa ojea E a I. aa je o e o, e

64

ooaa a oea eaa oeaa ooe oo

oa eeje.

3. OO OET AE E A II
Oo oe oeaa aae ae E a, eo ao,
eo a, aa e a ej ae oe oee ae ae
oeeae eo o, a ooo oj e eo ee ae. oojea
aa a aa e ojaa o ae oj 13, a e e je oa oo 15
eea 22 , a ooo ea oo 9 . a ee ojaa ae, jeeo
oao eo a o 560 , ao e oaa eea a eo
ooaajo ao ao, oja ooa a e o aaj ooo
oe, a E a I aa oj a, a a e ae ao a ae oja
ooa aae. Oaa ooaj ooa oa je ooaja eea eo oa
o e e ee e. Oa je eoo aa aa oea a
oeo o ao aoja a aoe o 47 . ojee e a
oeae e aae a a, a e:
- a e a aeo o o o e a e a oe,
ooo aeo o oe, aa ea eaoea aoa.
aa aa ooe ae ae jo je o oe:
- oeo aeo aee o eea ae, ooo o o ja
oaaa o eea,
- a aeo o ooje oaja oaja,
- ejo a oo oo e ea a a oa ooe oe
e o ao oojee oaa 20-a oo o "eo oa",
- ooa ooo eea aa.
o ae ae e ae a e, a e oo a a
aj oaa, aeaa. e o aaea, a
oeeo e a eaj. oea aa e ooao
ao oa ae ee ae, aj oe aoa.
ea e oa o ao oje e o oe oa,
oje eo o aeje. Oo je jea o aoa o oa o
oojea ee oo 1.
ae oe oaaa eeaoa oo oo, eaa ojeoae
ee aaje E jea, e je aeo je je oaea oa oa
jee oja aa a eoj . o oeo ao oojaa ooaa o
ae ae (14,5 ), o eo o aea oja
a e.

4. TEO EEE
oeeaa a II je ee oeje aaoo ao oojee,
oje ojo oao aao ao o 342 MW oo o aa
oeja e oe ee e, aoa aaoo jee oe
aee 790 hm3. aae aaje je eo a oo oo
oe aaa oa. a aaje oojee E a je Qinst=3x803/,
e je Qinst/Qsr=3.2, o, ao e oaaj ajeo oojea oeeaa a I a
ooeoeo HE Piva II, e je Qinst=3x80+2x120=4803/, oja e a je
65

Qinst/Qsr=6.4, o je eao oo, a ao aj o

oojea a I II e aee eee eee.
4.1. Oo aae oojea aaje
oa o aja 1757,7 2, e a a1o 1470,0 , e
a aaj ae Qm= 74,4 3/, ee ae a ae Q0.01%= 1900,0 3/,
oa oa1o oa 675,00 , oa aea aea 595,00 , o aea 880
oa 3, oa aea 790 oa 3, aae a 33,50%, ae eoa a, oa a Hk = 220 m, aa a H = 190 m,
a a L = 262 , a aa eoa Kb= 789,36 3.
Eaao oa: e eo e ae a 3 ea oa, a ee
aaaa 13x5 , eoa a oaj Q 0,01% = 1900 3/. eejo e Qmax
a a 1670 3/. e e ae e aoj o 3 a ea D =
2,25 , o aaea Q=373,40 3/. Tee e ae e
aoj o 2 a ea D = 1,90 , o aaea Q=240 m3/s.
oo e: eo aeoa oo o ae D = 7,5 ae eoo o
ae D = 5,3 . Oo e: aje e o eea D = 10,20 , L =
135 . o ooa: a, oaoo oeo eea.
Oa oa: aa oaj Qinst= 2x120 = 240 3/, oj
aaj Q=120 3/, Hbr max = 183,00, aoj aaj Q=480 m3/s, H br
3/
max = 100,00. Ao je aaja a Q=120 , aa je H neto max = 179,15 .
3/
aoj aaj a Q=480 , H neto max = 95,60 [3]. aaa aa je N inst =
2x171=342 MW, aaa aa N max = 2x171=342 MW, e 2 a
ae, a eao ooo, 157700 KS n = 214 o/. eeaoa 2,
oaa a eao ooo, 177,5MVA, n=214 o/ cos=0,95. oojee a
2 oaa aoao o 178 MVA 15,75/245 kV.
4.2. o oo o E a II aeaa eea
Moa oaja ae aee oo e aaaj e o 6
aja: ajaa . 1 - oja e aea . 16; aa ajea a aaaa
oj e aj oo e ae o jeeo; oea ooa a L=33
ooaa, a ae oo R=20, a a e L=115 o
ao o 70 a oaje aoeaa a ooje oo aej, aj
e R=25; ajaa . 2 - ooj aee . 15; aaa oo e
ae; oea ooa ooaa, a e eo o o o 70 ; oaj
oea oojee ooe oe; ajaa . 3 - ojae aee . 15;
a ea aaaa a oo ae; oea ooa a
L=57 , a o o o 15, a a 65 a oaje aaaa a ooje
oo aej; ajaa . 4 - ojae aee . 12; ooj ooaa,
aaa ea ao ea e oo o oo e ae o eea, a
oj aje o ooe; e aoeaa a oo o; ajaa . 5 ooj aee . 13; a o aaaa a oo ae, a ao o
ee e a; oea ooa a o 30, a a 45; e oaja
aoeaa a oo aej; ajaa . 6 - oja e aea . 14; aaa
a oo ae; oo eo a ooaj eea oaa e a
a e; e aaa e a ooje oo o. ao ea aea

66

ajooje ooaja oo a aaaa, ae aa oeaa

ooje ae, ojea je ajaa . 5.
4.3. oeaa ea ooa
oo je aeoa eo ojo o. ea aee ooe je 40 a
e o ae e je e D=7,5 , ooo 30 a ojea ooa ao
ae, e je D=5,3 . oo je o aao eoa, ae eoae a
a a o 190 oeo a, ee 0.75 , ooo 0.60 . aaa e
oeaj oaj a e ae, oae e aj a ao, a o 565 .
Oo a ee eje oeo aaaa, a a
aoa, ojea 2 aaaa eja 4x5,5 a:
- oa aae oae eeae
- aoao oao oja je oaea a oeo oee
e aaaa a oeae e
- oao a ea.
ojea oo o aeaa aee eoeo e oj a ao
aea ea e aaae D=4,6 m oj je oa
a oae ae ae, a a ea aoa. eo aee
ooe, oo a eje (D=7,5 ) oeaj e aoe a e ae ae a
ea [4]. eo e, eoa e oae a ooaaje
oae. a a e oaa ea eea oe 450 2, j je oo aaa
aa ooo ea o o aje aoa.
4.4. oea aa aa
, aa aa oa oea. a o
oo a, eoae e a a ee
eja:
- ao oeo aoja ooa a,
- eooo oao ooja ae o a ae,
- ajaoj oeoj oao ooa [5].
oa o ojee oe oo oa 487,50 , ae je eaa a
oa, a aa a aeaa o 171 MW; oee eje e, ae,
oee eae ooe eeaoa ojee oe:
- 491.00 ao a eaa
- 499.00 eeao o
- 503.50 o e
Eeaa e oa a a oe aea, oo a E a I
eo o, j aea oe aea E a II, aj eaa eee
eeje [6].
4.5. o, eae aeoae ae ae
o aee ae ae oe a e oa oeeo eo Aa
eoo, o ao eoae aoe. ao e ae eoaa o
oa ae ae, ooe e ooao eo ao.
eae, oje je o ojoj j oao ooaoo, oae
eoe aaea a, eao oe eee o:

67

jeo oeo ee ae ae, aoe ea e 6

eo oa, ojeae e 9, a a 24 oe,
ojeae e 5;
- eaa oa 3;
- ooa ae ae, e aaj o ao ea, ea
o e 70 oa.
Aeoae e oo eee o:
- jeo oeo o eao e 40 aea a ea 25
ojeae e 6
- eaojae oa 2
- ooa ea e 350 aea, ojeae e 6
- a a aea oee a a a o 10 380 .
aaeo a oae oee, o e eo a aa eoaa ea eo, oj e ao aje ea e oje aee
oee [7].
4.6. o ooa, o oo e
o ooa je oea a aj oa a e e a
a ooo e, oo a je oo e aa 135 a je ae
ea a oa oaao a je eja ooa Hj=10,5 . ooa je
a, aoaoo eea eja 212,20 x 35,00 , eo eea 10,20x33 =
336,60 . a je aaa a oo axa oaja oaa (511,75
) a (487,10 ) aaa. Oo e je ooe ao, a
a ao o o o oa oe oe. a oa ooo ea
o je ao aa ooe ae oojea E a I eo o, ja
ao ooaja ea a e oea a oeo. eja je a e
ae a jae aja ea a ee eaaje e oa, oo je ea
ae a oojee a eeao a ee aje oa. o aaa e
aj ao aj oee eje oa aeaa. eje oa ojee
o eoaa Selecting Hydraulic Reaction Turbines, Bureau of reclamation.
4.7. Tao aoo oojee
Tao ooje eeo ae, eoeo oe aa a
a. o a aee je 16 , a 35 axaa a 15 . oo a
oae oooe aoaoe, ae 178.000 KVA, ooa aoaje
15,75/245 kV, aj oe eje 10x7 7,55 . aoo oojee
220 kV oao je ao a je aojae o aoaoa ajae oe, a aa e
ao aoo oojea oojee E a I, e je oeeea oaa ea
a ooje aeooa. oea oaja oojea aaje a
ojea o aea ooa. oojee je aaeo 2 aoaoa, 2
aeooa, 1 eo jeo oa a e a ooje ooa E a I.
ao, aoo ooje, aaaa e oaj o ooaaje
ooae aeje, oje e ea oa eea e ae
oej a oa oo aejaa a oaj ae. eoo oojee
aeeo je oo a-aa. a ae ae ao

68

oojea a aee aje, oe oa e a oee ee aae

oejeo aa, ao a oaae a aaja [8].

5. OTA AAA OAAOT AE

eo oaa oaaa je ea oo E a II. a
eoo oo a o e oaa, aj a e a o
ooeja, ao ooo e o oj, oj eej, oja je a
eo e aeja, ea a. Taoe ooje o a e oaa
ojea ee ao CDM ojea (clean development mechanism project), o
aajo oaao eoo aae.
eao a oeo je a e eoo ee eea oeeaj
ooj e, oje oaa ojea aao. T e, e ea a oaje
oa oe oe, o ao o ea aa, a e ao oe eee aee
ae ae oeaoo aea, j. eaoo oojea.
Meo ejeo a a oee aee, ooo ooo ea, e
oe oeeo ae e e; aa aaja a ojo oo
aao oa, e eee. Jeo e o oea oa a eooj ojaa ae oa oa eooj oee a oeae
a aaaa a ae o e aaaa, o aa a eee ae
ojeaa.
aoe e jo o, a je ea oao oo ojea oea a
a ee aa je aa aea aaja aea. ae, jo aa e ao a
e e, o a oea oa a o ao eejo, oeo ee
oa o ea o oje oa eoa aaja, a ojo
oeajo aa a. ojea je eaao a e, e ea aaje, ae ae aaae a ooe o e oeeae, e o o eea
je oo, a e ao, aa aa o oo ee e oa oja ae eeo a oe aaje, o oea aaa a
a ae.

6. AA AMATAA
oao je, a e eea eeja oe oe ao oa, ooo oaa,
ao oeeo aoa eee, a o ao e oeje, ooo
a e oe o ao oe ooe. ae, o eee e jeo
eeo-eeeo ea aea e a ao ea o aa o oe a e
aooea jeao: ooa = ooa + eoa, a a je
e aje, oja e o ojoj eoooj ao, aaoj oj,
oaea e a e a ee o oea ea a ja aa
a o oeeaa oa oeeeo oejaa.
Oo a oo ao oa, eaoa e, a o a
o ao oa aaeaa a eoo ooo oa a oo
oo eee eeje, jae oaj eoe o oo aaa.
oe oaj jo e aa e aa o a aooea ooo
eea o eoo eeja. o, o ao ea a oo ae a aaj
oe aoeeo eaeo aaa
oeeeo oejaa, eo a oa oa oa.
69

AAOT

, je 35030
18031.

TEATA
1. eo eaa, Eoo eae oeee, aa
Aeje, eoa, 2006.
2. Stevovi S., Stamatovi M, Ivanovi G., Methodological approach and artificial
intelligency application as solution for environmental conflict related to large dams, Dams
and Reservoirs under Changing Challenges ICOLD 2011, 785-791, Publisher:
Taylor&Francis
3. Hranislav Milosevic, Namik Ahmetovich Geydarov, Yuriy Nikolaevich Zakharov, Svetlana
Stevovic, Full Length Research Paper: Model of incompressible viscous fluid flow driven
by pressure difference in a given channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
4. Hranislav Miloevi, Svetlana Stevovic, Dojin Petkovi, Full Length Research Paper:
Numerical simulation of interaction during the top blow in a steel making converter,
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
5. Stevovic Svetlana, Milosevic Hranislav, Stevovic Ivan, Sabahudin Hadrovic, Sustainable
management of water resources in Prokletije region, Industry, vol. 42, no. 1, 2014., pp 4761
6. Stevovi Svetlana, Milovanovi Zorica, Milaji Aleksandar, New methodological approach
in techno - economic and environmenral optimisation of sustainable energy production,
Thermal Science, Year 2010, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 809-819
7. Neboja Zaki, Milan Stamatovi, Svetlana Stevovi, Necessity of entrepreneurship
education: A research among entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs in Serbia, African
Journal of Business Management Vol. 6 (9), pp. 3173-3180, 7 March, 2012.
8. Hranislav Miloevi, Dragana Vasilski, Svetlana Stevovi, Sustainable technology for
existing buildings renovation in the function of energy efficiency, Technics Technologies
Education Management Journal, ISSN: 1840-1503, vol 8 no 1, 2013.

70

 . 1, . 2, . 3

OJ 27.10. 1969.
:

27.10.1969.,

.

Mercalli CancaniSieberg (MCS) .

1973. 1986.
e .
: ,

ON PEAK ACCELERATIONS COMPUTED FROM SLIDING

OF OBJECTS DURING THE OCTOBER 27, 1969 BANJA
LUKA EARTHQUAKE
Summary:
Peak ground accelerations are computed from sliding of objects during the October
27, 1969 earthquake, assuming that the ground motion consisted of simple
rectangular or sinusoidal pulses. The results show good agreement with observed
macroseismic estimates of shaking based on the Mercalli CancaniSieberg (MCS)
intensity scale. The results are also in compliance with recorded accelerations during
the 19731986 period and with recent probabilistic hazard analyses for the Banja
Luka region.
Keywords: arthquake damage and site macroseismic intensity, peak accelerations
estimated from sliding of objects.
1

,
, , , ,
3
, , , (USC),
2

71

1

1969. ,

1971. . ,
,
,
[1-4], - ,

- .

,


[5].
[6],

. ,
. [7]
.
1973. 1986. ,
[6].

, .

,
. Milne-
[8-9] Perry- [10],
[11-15].
[16-20] [21-22].

.
27. 1969. , ML = 6.4,
I0 = VIIIIX MCS (. 1) [23]. , 60%

, . 76.000
, . ,
,

[24].
, 1971.
()
, . ,
1969. (ML = 6.4),
.
, ,
72


80cm/s2 I, 140cm/s2 II, 180cm/s2 III.
,
[7].

1. (MCS) 27. 1969. ML = 6.4

( [23])
1970-, SMA-1 (Strong Motion Accelerograph1)
[25-26],
: (1) (SS), (2) -2 (BK2), (3) -9 (BK9),
(4) (IIM) (. 2). 1973. 1986. ,
40 ML 2.8
5.4 [25,27]. ML 3.7
4.2 70 190 cm/s2, ,
- 1971. , (
) ML = 6.4.
, ML =
5.4 (13. 1981. ), 218 434 cm/s2, 1.2 2.4
- 1971. .
, 1969.

1971. .
27. , 1969.
- [7].
,
- 1971.
. 2.2 2.9
1971.
73

 , 3.0 3.8 .

MCS
,
[28].

2. 218 , 23
.
27.10.1969. .

1973. 1986.

2 1969.

,
ML = 4.5 1968. 1969. ,
1969. , -
26. 1969 (ML = 6.0, I0 = VIIVIII MCS) (27.
1969; ML = 6.4, I0 = VIIIIX MCS).
, IX MCS ~70 km2, VIII MCS
~1800 km2, VII MCS ~9000 km2,
1 [23].
, -
. 1000
74

 , 250 23

( . 2). . [7],

.
(, , ,
, ), . 250 , 218
, 21 , 3
, 1 . 7 ,
. 218 250 ,
[kg] [kg] .
.
. [7]
268, 246 297.
. 2, , . 3,
, 90 270, 180. ,

140-320 50-230,
IX MCS . 1.
[23],
27 .
,
NNWSSE 318 SSWNNE 227.
1969.
, ,
1 [29].
1 [29].

3. 250
1969.
75

3

1969.
3.1.
[29],
1
[29]. 218 , ah, 11 14
1 [29] ,
,
(. r = 0.7 r = 0.0, [29]).
4 , ah. ,
ah r = 0.7.
ah 0.337 g 0.086 g, 0.400 g 0.093 g
, .

. , 1.20.

4. , ah, r = 0.7,
27.10. 1969. ,

3.2.


log10(acc) I
[MCS], .
76

[28]. 1969.
IX MCS ( . 1),
218 .
5, ,
,
( ),
. [28]. ,
218 , 2.534 (~ 342cm/s2),
2.531 (~340 cm/s2).

5.
1969. ( B12 B21,
[29], , . r=0.7 r = 0),
.
log10(acc) I [MCS]
[28].
, Lee . [6] ,
(UHS) [30-33].
- [7]
1969. ML = 6.4,
,
Lee . [6]
,
[34]
[35-36].
6
50 ,
Lee- . [6] "" (SL=0)
77

 (SS) (SL=1) -2 (BK2), -9 (BK9),

(IIM) ( 2).

6.
50 Lee - . [6]
"" (SL=0) (SS)
(SL=1) -2 (BK2), -9 (BK9), (IIM)
( '''' 2).
13.08.1981. ML = 5.4 a
(),
1969. ML = 6.4,
i i , r = 0.

13.08.1981. ML = 5.4 e 6,
e .
27.10.1969. ML = 6.4
.
[7] 6

,
r = 0 (
),
. 6,

Lee- . [6] 0.2 50 ,

78

0.1 50 .
500
27.10.1969. .

4
- 1971. [7],

, 80 cm/s2 I, 140 cm/s2
II, 180 cm/s2 III.

1973. 1986.
1971.
ML = 4, 1.2 2.4
,
ML = 5.4 (13. 1981).

218 404 cm/s2 r=0.0,
531 cm/s2 r=0.0. 2.2 3.0
- 1971.
III, 2.9 3.8
II.
, 218
1969. ,

, 1991.
[7].


Lee- . [6],
( )
20% 10% 50 (. 224 475 ,
).
80 cm/s2 I, 140 cm/s2 II, 180
cm/s2 III, - 1971. ,
44
.
1969. , 1973. 1986.
,
, 1971.

2.0 3.0
.

79



TR 36043, ,
.

1
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2
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3
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4
Medvedev, S. V. (1962). Inzenjernaya Seizomologiya, Akademia Nauk SSSR, Institut
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5
Trifunac, M.D. (2012). Earthquake Response Spectra for Performance based Design A
Critical Review, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 37(6), 73-83.
6
Lee, V.W., M.I. Mani, B.. Bulaji, D. Herak, M. Herak, and M.D. Trifunac (2015).
Microzonation of Banja Luka for performance-based earthquake-resistant design, Soil
Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, in press.
7
Stojkovi M., Kirijas T., Mihailov V., Petrovski J., Paskalov T., Bikovski B., Galbov
S., and R. Kapsarov (1971). Seismic microzonation of Banja Luka, Report No. S-21/71,
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8
Milne, J. (1881). Experiments in observational seismology, Trans. Seism. Soc. Japan, 3,
12-64.
9
Milne, J. (1885). Seismic experiments, Trans. Seism. Soc. Japan, 8, 1-82.
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24
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Makris, N. and Roussos, Y. [2000] Rocking response of rigid blocks under near-source
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Overturned Transformer Evidence for Ground Shaking in the Ms 7.7 Kern County
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81

33
34
35
36

Lee, V.W., Herak, M., Herak, D. and Trifunac, M.D. (2013). Uniform Hazard Spectra in
western Balkan Peninsula, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Soil Dynamics
and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 55, pp. 1-20.
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Trifunac, M.D. (1990). How to Model Amplification of Strong Earthquake Motions by
Local Soil and Geologic Site Conditions, Int. J. Earthquake Eng. and Structural
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2009.

82

 1, 2, 3

:
2014.
. .

o
2014. .
,
.
: , ,

FLOOD PROTECTION OF CITY PARACIN

Summary:
Intense rainfall in may 2014 caused catastrophic flooding in several watercourses. In
that time river Crnica flooded City of Paracin. This event showed that Paracin is not
good protected from Crnica high waters and that is necessary to make a
reconstruction of the flood of may 2014 and define new authoritative requirements
for reconstruction. Technical solutions for Paracin protection are proposed, after
analyze of the present river conditions.
Keywords: floods, Paracin, protection

1
. . . - ,
zoran.knezevic@jcerni.co.rs
2
. . . - ,
vladislava.bartos@jcerni.co.rs
3
. . . - , zvonimir.kocic@srbijavode.rs

83

1
2014. ,
, ,
, ,
.
a 12. 19. 2014. ,
.
.
, .
,
, .


2014. .

, ,
.

, ,
. :
- (km 0+000 km 4+790)
- (km 4+790-km 6+277)
- (km 6+277 - km 8+722)
- 10
,
(km 8+722 km 9+780).
km 9+780 .
1
, 7 5 .
.

=100 ,
Q=180 m3/s.

3

,
.
. 2014.
.
84

 24 41,4 mm .
, 81,6 mm,
. 12. ,
16.
Hmax=408 cm, 1 m
H=313 cm (16. 1999. ).
, km 12+383
. .
. , ,
, , , , .
.
, ,
.
,
. 1
, (
).

1 -

4

,
, .

85

4.1 2014.
2014.


.
,
.
,
, .
,
.
.
, .
, ,
. ,
, ,
, n 0,125 m-1/3s 0,1 m -1/3s. ,
,
260 m3/s.
HEC-RAS (Hydrologic
Engineering Center - River Analysis System).
, ,
.
,
: 0,025 m-1/3s (
) 0,04 m-1/3s ( ),
0,04-0,06 m-1/3s; 0,04-0,06 m-1/3s;
0,1-0,125 m-1/3s.

.

2 -

86


.

,
.
260 m3/s. ,
100-120 m3/s.
.
, ,
.
4.2
295 km2 ( 3), je
.
(159 km2). 5,3 km .
289 km2. ..
1925. . 1958. -
, 1959. . 19251958. .

, 1959-2013. 1959-2014. .
1959-2013.
, 2014.
.
..

.

2- -. Log-Pearson III ,
.

3 - ..
87


1959-2014. Q1%=255 m3/s.

,
4, (
SCS ).

4 -
4.3

Q=180 m3/s. , 13
.
n=0,033-0,035 m-1/3s. ,
, .

.
, ,
(Q=180 m3/s),
. , 120130 m3/s. Q=180 m3/s ( )
, .
70 cm.
(km 6+060) ,
. km 8 .
88

 5 (
)
K / ,
( , 1,2 m).
Q=180 m3/s .
,
,
Q1%=255 m3/s.
Q1%=255 m3/s , / .
,
1 m. Q1%=255 m3/s ,
1,42 m.

.

89

5
25.000 ,
.

,
=100 (
1%).


.

.
, , ,
.

. ,
. ,
(
),
.
,
,
.
,
1%
(Q1%=255 m3/s).

, .
/
Q=180 m3/s, ,
(Q1%=255 m3/s) 1 m
.
1 m,
,
.

[1] ,
, ., , 2001.
[2]
, , , 2007.
[3] a - ,
, 2009.

90

 1, 2, 3,
4

:
k .
,
, .
( 30%
) ,
.
, k

.
: k , ,

EFFECT OF THE "SMART HOUSE" CONCEPT ON LIFE

QUALITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Summary:
Smart House is the concept of the modern household and living in it. The house is
"smart" because it adapts to current activities, mood and lifestyle of every
householder, and thereby achieves energy savings. At the same time significantly
reducing energy consumption (can save up to 30% of electricity) and time
resources, this concept is part of a broader concept of energy efficiency and protect
the environment at the micro level. Due to its features and functionality, the concept
of smart home is becoming a new trend through the contribution of home
automation design relaxing environment in and around the home.
Keywords: smart house, energy efficiency, environment protection

1 MSc. of Civil Engineering, UNIVERS d.o.o., gvozdovicnikola@gmail.com, Kosovska Mitrovica

2 Phd,BSc. of Civil Engineering, ljubo.markovic@pr.ac.rs, Faculty of technical science, Kosovska Mitrovica
3Phd, BSc. of Civil Engineering, ljmm@cescowi.rs, CeS.COWI, Belgrade
4 Phd,BSc. of Civil Engineering, velimir.dutina@pr.ac.rs, Faculty of technical science Kosovska Mitrovica

91

-2-

1.
k ,
.
, .
k:
-
;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- , ;
- (Building IT, Building
Management Sistems...).

1. IBCM
,
,
.
,

.

92

-3-

,
.
, : SMART
HOME, SMART HOUSE, , POWER HOUSE, INTELIGENT HOUSE, -HOUSE.
,
, , .

2.
,
,
.
,
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(. 19

;
).
25-30%,
.
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2. TACH PANEL
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X10 .

220V 120Khz.
X10 :
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;
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3.

, .
,
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, :
- IBCM , . ;
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;
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k

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98

-9-

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]

[5]
[6]

Installation Bus System / T. Sauter, D. Dietrich, W. Kastner // EIB Publicis

KommunikationsAgentur GmbH GWA, 2001., Munich Nemaka
http://www.pametnakuca.rs / Pametna kua
Automatizacija u zgradarstvu predavanja / E. Prpi // Veleuilite u Rijeci, Rijeka
Communication Reliability in the Intelligent Building Systems / A. Oadowicz //
Institute of Electrical Drives Automation and Industrial Equipments, AGH UST,
Krakow Poljska
A wireless, voice-controllable, household system / J. Wang, S. Zhang // Smart Home
System - zavrni rad, 2012., Cornell University New York.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X10_%28industry_standard%29 / Wikipedia, X10
(Industry design)

99

 1, 2, 3, 4

2014.
:
2014.

. :
, , ,
, , ,
.
,
, .
: , , 2014. , ,
, , , .

ASSESSMENT OF THE RETURN PERIOD OF THE RAINFALL

THAT CAUSED THE DISASTROUS MAY 2014 FLOOD IN SERBIA
Summary:
In this work are shown the characteristics of heavy rainfall in May 2014, which caused a
catastrophic flood in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and neighbouring countries. On
the territory of the Republic of Serbia,the basins of several riverswere covered by flood:
Kolubara, the lower part of the Drina River basin, Western Morava, direct tributaries of the
River Velika Morava, the River Mlava, as well as the immediate Sava River basin, from the
state border to the mouth of the river Danube in Belgrade.This rainfall episode also caused
significant floods on the territories of neighbouring countries, in the RepublikaSrpskawere
flooded Semberijaand the Bosnia River basin and in Croatia the lower part of the Sava River
basin.
Keywords: heavy rainfall, rainfall episode, the flood of May 2014, total precipitation, rainfall
intensity, rainfall duration, contoursmap, statistical significance.
1

. , . . , , , Stevan.Prohaska@jcerni.co.rs
. , ,
3
. . , ,
4
. , ,
2

101

1.
2014.

. , , ,

.
().

.
, , , 14.04.
05.05. 2014. .
.
, , , .
, , 12. 19.
2014. : , ,
, , ,
, ,
.
,
.


. ,

.


,
2008. .

2.
2014.
, 2014.

, ,
.
102


14.
05. 2014.

120 l/m2 170 l/m2,
250 l/m2.
2014.

,

, ,
.
13.

, 14. 16.
() ,
( ).

1. 325 , 12
, ,
19.05.2014.
, ,

( , ).
,
, .
, , ,
, , 14. 18.
2014. , , ,
200 l/m2, 300 l/m2. ,
14. 05. ,
120 l/m2 170 l/m2,
250 l/m2. , ,
, ( ),
(), ,
.

103

3.
2014.



.
,
28
,
450 .


( . 18), , ,
()
.
,

.

2. 1
,
1219.05.2014.

2014.
. 1.
.

(188,3 mm), (179,1 mm),
(179,0 mm), (133,8 mm), (130,8 mm) .

( ) 320 mm, 280
mm. 200 mm
.
2014. ,
. ,
mm/.

,
.

()

104

 . ,
: 1 , 3 , 6
, 12 , 24 , 48 72 .
39.

. . 2
.
o a
,
.
( . 3) , ,
.
, .

,
, .4. (
. 5) ,
,
, .

3. 3 ,
1219.05.2014.

4. 6 ,
1219.05.2014.

105

 24- ( . 6)
12- ,
. 48- (
. 7) ,
()
.
72- ( . 8)
,
, ,
.

6. 24 ,
1219.05.2014.

5. 12 ,
1219.05.2014.

106

7. 48 ,
1219.05.2014.

8. 72 ,
1219.05.2014.

4.

,
. , . , , , 2014. ,


.
2008. .
()
: 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 180, 360, 720 1440 .
-
, . 30
2014. .

107

 ,
2014. .
. 9

, .

9. a

. 1.
, ( )
.
, ,
.
Pep,

, . ,
, mm,
(g) 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 72 .

108


1.
2014.
1h

3h

6h

12h

24h

48h

72h

Pep

mm

T(g)

mm

T(g)

mm

T(g)

mm

T(g)

mm

T(g)

mm

T(g)

mm

T(g)

12-19.05.2014.

79.2

188.3

2.38

11.1

24.2

<2

34.5

<2

59.8

105.0

125

163.4

1000

176.1

450

67.8

179.1

2.64

12.5

21.8

37.3

66.8

20

103.9

100

158.2

400

172.3

625

64.7

106.2

1.64

13.1

30.3

43.3

10

67.3

100

84.0

50

96.8

80

100.1

80

57.8

133.8

2.31

7.5

18.4

<2

33.5

60.9

81.1

20

107.5

50

131.3

110

80.7

179.0

2.12

5.5

15.0

27.7

<2

53.8

97.4

60

149.4

400

164.2

650

. 1

2014. :
.
7 .
56 ,
.
12- 100
.
24 . , , 24-
, ,
, .
48 ,
, 400 , 80- .
625650 .
450 ,
110 .

, ,
. 1,64 2,64,
64% 164%.

109

5.
, 2014.
,
, ,
, - ,
.
, ,
, .

2014. ,

, .
: , .
, ,
,
2014.
.

(-37005) 20112015.
.
.

1.
2.

3.

, ., .,
(2014), , , ISBN 978-86-82565-40-6.

, ., ., ., .,
., ., ., (2011), ,
XLI, -, 34/2011, ISSN 0350-5049, str. 514.
Spatial interpolation of selected characteristicsof high intensity rainfall in Serbia using
GIS technology,, ., ., , ., , ., , .,
, ., , ., , . (2011), XXV Conference of the Danubian
countries on the hydrological forecasting and hydrological bases of water management,
1617 June 2011, Budapest, Hungary, rad na USB-u 8 str., Conference Abstracts pp. 65,
2011.

110

4.

5.

,, ., , ., , ., , .,
, ., , ., , . (2011),
, ISSN 0350-5049, Vol. 41, No. 34, str. 514, 2011.

2014. , ., ., . (2014),
, 7, . 189201, ISBN 978-86-904985-9-8,
COBISS. RS ID 208242444.

111

 ,1 2

:
"",
- 2014.,
( 100 ),
,
( 2000 , , , ,
.) ,
, 100 .
, ,
, ,
, , , .
: , , , .

THE EXTENT OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE CYCLONE

TAMARA ON STATE ROADS IN SERBIA
Summary:
The effects of a cyclone Tamara which affected Serbia and surrounding countries, between
pril-May 2014 and extremely heavy rain which fellover a short period of time (referred to as
the 100-year flood) caused catastrophic floods in affected areas, as well as great and
numerous instabilities (over 2000 major and minor landslides, rockfalls, mudflow, flash flood
sediments, river banks erosion and similar) which inflicted enormous damage on
infrastructure, residential and commercial buildings estimated at more than 100 million.
The most devastating effects andthe material damage caused by the cyclone affected the State
road network, commercial properties as well as individual households in the region of
Valjevo, Ljubovija, Mali Zvornik and Loznica.
Keywords : cyclone Tamara, floods, landslides, damage.

. .., 11000 , 43, e-meil: mjotic@hotmail.rs

..., , ,
, 11000 II 61, email:
v.vujanic944@gmail.com
2

113

1.
2014.,
.
12. 19. 2014..
( , , ,
, , ). ,
, , ,
,
. .,

.

(- ) , , ,
. 20-25%
.
, .
, ,
, , ,
. ()
, ,
.
, ,
, .

, ,
,


.

2.

, 14. 24. 12. 17. 2014.,

o , 100
,
, ( , , ,
, , ).
250
( 280 mm).
.

12 . 19. 2014. : , ,
, ,
, , ,
.
114

 , 14. 18. 2014. , ,

, ,
200 l/m2, 300 l/m2. O
14. 05. ,
120 l/m2 170 l/m2, 250 l/m2.
( ) - 320 mm,
280 mm. 200 mm
.
, j 21 .
, ,

, ,
.
11. 17. 2014.,
200mm, ., , , ,
... .
, ,
, ,
,
.
I II ,
- 2014.., 2000 ,
, 160-170 ,
,
, -
.
1 I II ,
( 320 ), 2005.-
2014. ( )

2014.( 160 ).
, ,
, , , (
2). ,
.
, , , 3000
, , ,
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.
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2014., 3-6, 4 ( )
. ,
,
.
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, , , ,
.

115

.
,
,
.
, ,
. , I II
100 .
, ,
2014. 15. 2015. , 50

.
, .

1
( 2005. 1.3.2014.)
116

 2 ,
1.3.2014.

117

3 IIA-137 - ,6+900. 60m.

3-5m. 190m.

4 IIA-170 -
. ,
300m.
,
, .

118

 5 IIA-139, : , km:10+950
11+070.
120m 200m.

6- IB-28, - .
200250m; 200m
.

119

3.

?
( ) ,
,
, :

.
, () ,
,

, ,
() ,
, (,
, ) ( ,
).

, 12.-17. 2014.., ()
() ,
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, 100 250 l/m2,
.
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120

 ,
.

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,

121

 ,

.
, ,
. ( 10-20 )
, ,
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,
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.

5.
, ,
,
,
, ,

. .

[1] / .//
N0 1-2 (1944)
[2]
- 2014. /.,., . . ,
.,. // 0350-0519,.46(267272),(2014).
[3] ,
, ,
,, , , ,.

122

 1, 2 , 3

J
'' ''
:
2014. .,
'' ''
, .
,
.
e 160 m 380 m e,

.
: , ,

ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE REHABILITATION

OF THE ROAD NEAR OF THE MINE "VELIKI MAIDAN"
LJUBOVIJA
Summary:
This paper deals with the impact of floods and landslides that occurred in May 2014
in the valley of the Krupinska river, downstream from the lead and zinc mine Veliki
Majdan near Ljubovija, as well as methods for overcoming the issue. An expert
assessment was carried out on the landslide characteristics, as well as analysis of the
river flow through the existing reinforced concrete drainage tunnel within the site of
the mine. The proposed solution is that the existing tunnel should be extended from
the current 160 m to a total length of 380 m, and then covered with tailings and
forming a plateau that will enable the local road to be reconstructed to the
settlements upstream.
Keywords: floods, landslides, rehabilitation

. - '' '' , dsunaric@gmail.com

. . . - '' '' , milan.malesev@jcerni.co.rs
3
. . .- '' '' , boris.krunic@jcerni.co.rs
2

123

1.
15 18. 2014. . ,
, , , -
, .
, , .
-
'' ''.
.1.
,
, ()
(.2. ), (.2. )
, .
, , ,
. ,
. -
.
5-7m. , ,
, , .
, ,
.
,
.
,
. ,
. ,
()
( .),
.

2.
, ,
, ,
,
3 km, 300 m, km 2+400 km 2+700
, .
2,4 km, 8,6 km2.
, , (
) ()
(. 2),
. ,
,
.
,
.
124

 ,
, .
,
, .

. 1. = 1:25.000 ()
3 km

. 2: -
- . .

3.

,
.
(675 mnm) 30. , ,
, .

125

 .
.
, , -- . ,
, . , 2014. .,
.
.
,
- ,
- .

( 3.). , , - (21,2).
- (Sep) (Qse).
,
(2 1),
(1), (11,2).
: , , ,
(J2,3) (q) (M),
. (al) (t1)
.

.3: [2 ]:

126


, , , .
,
-
, .
, , - - .
, ,
-
. .
- , ,
,
, .
,
.

. -
,
, .

4.
4.1.
'' -
''[1], 1969. .
,
100 m, .
() 2014. .
. , ,
180 m
,
() .
,
" ", , :
-
160 m, 280 m. 6%.
- , 1969.
, ( 4), 9,92 m2,
5,76 m2, 4,16 m2.
4.2.
()
'' '', -
127

 , SCS
.
ITP (
),
.
(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), CORINE 2006 Land
Cover .
1.

4. -
" ",
1 - ()
'' ''
No

p
(%)
0,1
1,0
2,0
5,0

T
(god)
1000
100
50
20

Qmax
(m3/s)
92,5
60,8
51,5
39,8

Tp
(as)
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1

1
2
3
4
je:
p [%]
T [god]
Qmax [m3/s]
Tp [as]
Tk [min]
P [mm]
Pef [mm]
W [103 m3]
128

Tk
(min)
30
30
30
30

P
(mm)
72,7
55,0
49,6
42,5

Pef
(mm)
45,1
29,6
25,1
19,4

W
(m3/s)
390,0
256,0
217,1
167,8

4.3. 2014.
, 2014. ,
, ()
. 12.06.2014. ,
, -
" ". a
,
.
- 160 m.
.4, Id = 6,0%,
Zd = 265,89 mnm
Zk= 268,34 mnm.
,
271,19 mnm. , ,
. 5 ,
,
1,0 m. , , , Zgv =
272,19 mnm, .

5 - ( - 12.6.2014.) -
15.05. 2014. ( )
5 , 2014.
, .
,
.

, "C" ( 6).

129

. 6 -
Vgv 2

Vc 2
(1 ul ) -
2g
2g
, :
H gv

Cap
1 ul

hc

A 2 g (Hgv

Vgv 2
2g

Ca D) 32,0 m3 /s

(1)

(2)

:
Q
(32 m3/s)
(6,3 m)
Hgv
( ,
Vgv
Vgv 0 m/s)
A
(5,74 m2)
(0,68)
Cap
(0,6)
Ca
D
(2,45 m)
(0,4)
ul
g
(9,81 m/s2)
, , :
H gv

:
Hgv
Vgv
Hi
Vi
L
D

Vgv 2
2g

Hi

Vi 2
L
(1 ul ) -
2g
D

(6,3 m)
( Vgv = 0 m/s)
(1,45 m)
(8,2 m/s)
(160 m)
( 2,5 m)
( = 125 n2/D1/3 = 0,045)

130

(3)

 , , 1,45 m,
, .6,
.
,
- (.7),

, ,
.

7 -
,
. ,

, ,
, (0,2).
.

380 m - , '' ''.
-
- 160 m, 1,5 m
( h=1,5 m), -
, :
(4)
Q = 1/n A R2/3 J1/2 = 38,8 m3/s
:
Q
(38,8 m3/s)
n
(0,037 m-1/3s)

(7,5 m2)
R
(0,94 m)

(8,0 m)
J
(4%)
Q = 38,8 m3/s
- - (Q = 32,0 m3/s),
380 m 131

 -, Q = 38,8 m3/s - -
15. 2014. ,
.

2014. . 5%, 20 .,
32,0 m3/s,
10 (Q10%). 8,0
m/s.

5.
, :
- , ,
,

.
, ,
, .
-
220 m, 380 m,
,
3 m (.4).

.
- ,
44,5 .
- ,
.
,
.
-
32 m3,
10 . ,
,
2014.
- ( )
" " -
, ,
32 m3/s
, .

132


[1] '' -
'', '''' 1969.
[2] 1:100.000 ,
1975.
[3] a - ,
" " , 2009.

133

 1, 2, 3

:

, .
,
. ,
,

, .
.
: ,

TERRAIN VULNERABILITY AND ACCEPTABLE RISK IN

CREATED AREA SOME ASPECTS
Summary:
Speaking of terrain vulnerability, primarily we think about the part of the geological
environment, which is the subject of engineering geology. In this part of the
geological environment, processes of engineering geology occur which result in
engineering geology phenomena. This constant reminder points to the need that
present interventionist approach to repair a damage, should be completed with
multidisciplinary basic research in those areas where interventions are undertaken.
Obtained results could help in improving the regulation.
Keywords: terrain vulnerability, economic aspect

. . ., - , ,
, 11000 , II 61, e-meil:
v.vujanic944@gmail.com
2
. . , , , ,, 38, 11000
, e-meil: slnedeljkovic@sbb.rs
3
. . ., 11000 , 43, e-meil: mjotic@hotmail.rs

135

1.
,
. ,
( ), ,
, .
,
?
, 100
, . ,
, 100
, . ,
, .
, ,
, .
, , ,
, .


.

2.
, : ,
. ,
.
.
, . ,
, ,
( ), ,
, .
, . ,

, , ,
.
,
. ,
, (. ).
, ,
, ,
.
,

. , ,

136

 ,
, .
,
. ,
, .
, ,
. ,
:

P ( a) 1 e a

, .
,
, . , ,
,
. ,
,
, , , () ,
, , 2014 ..
, () ,
, , 2014
, ,
.
, ( ),
,
,
, ()
, ( ).
? , ( )
,
1975 1997 , , 1.
, , , 2014 ,
, , ,
, - ( ,
), , ( )
( ), .
, , , ,
,
1950 2000 1000
() , , ,
, 2.

137

 1. ( 2007.)

2. 1950 2000
2020, (, 2004)
138

3.
,
,
, , ,

,
, ,
. ,
. , ,
.

, ,
, ,
, .

. , ,
( ). ,
,
.
, ,
.
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.
10 15 . ,
15 ,
,
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, ,
. 3,
. , ,
3, .
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.

,

,
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,
. ,
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, , .

139

 ,
,
.
, , ,
, , .

,
. ,
500 , 4.
,

(- - ).
,
, , ,
, . 4,

, ,
.

Na P=1700 km

Registrovano 2350
klzita

- Aktivna

42 km

- Umirena 87 km

(2,5%)

(5,1%)
2

- Sanirana 0,85 km (0.05%)

3.

140

 4. 500
,
,
( , - ).

. ,
, ,
,
, .

4.
,
,
.
.
, ,

. ,
, .

141

 ,
,
, , .
,
, ,
. ,
.
:
[1]
/..
, . , . // ,
1992. (207 218)
[2]
/. , . , . , .
// ,
, 1998; (317 324)
[3]
/.
, . , . , . //.
, 2008. (49 52)
[4] /. , . , .
// II , 2009..
[5] /.
, . , . // , ()
[6] /.
, . , . // X
, 2014 (281-292)
[7] . ,
.

142

:


.
,

.

.
: , , ,

INTRODUCING OF EUROCODES IN STRUCTURAL

TECHNICAL REGULATION OF SERBIA AN OVERVIEW
OF CURRENT STATE
Summary:
Recent activities undertaken on adoption and implementation of European norm for
structures in Serbia are presented in this article. Besides the review of European
standards that have until now been adopted as national standards in all areas of civil
engineering structures, activities on making of National annexes for their application
are presented as well. Problems, which occur during the making of National
Annexes and technical regulations by which mandatory application of standards and
period of transition are defined, are emphasized.
Keywords: eurocode, structures, national annex, technical regulation

. , . . ,

143

1.
, ,
,
( 0 - 9, 63 ),
:
0 (SRPS EN 1990): ,
1 (SRPS EN 1991): ,
2 (SRPS EN 1992): ,
3 (SRPS EN 1993): ,
4 (SRPS EN 1994): ,
5 (SRPS EN 1995): ,
6 (SRPS EN 1996): ,
7 (SRPS EN 1997): ,
8 (SRPS EN 1998): ,
9 (SRPS EN 1999): .
, ,
, (, , o...),
.

, .

.
(ENV).

.
(EN), 2006. 0
, 2, 3 4 ( ). , 2009.
12 , 17 ,

.

2. SRPS
,
, (EN)
, ,
(SRPS EN). , ,
,
().

144

 . o ,
, 1948. ,
. ,

.
, (SRPS
EN)
:
1. U250-1,8: 0, 1 8 - ,

2. U250-2: 2 -
3. U250-3,4,9: 3, 4 9 -
,
4. U250-5,6: 5 6 -

5. U182: 7
(58 63)
(SRPS EN), (14), (42),

.
.

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()
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1:

0
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63

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146

(SRPS EN 1998-1 SRPS EN 1998-3),

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EN 1991: 2: , .
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1,
.

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EN :
SRPS EN 1991-2: 1 2:
(165 .);
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(60 .);
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3.2 - 2
,
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(, ...).
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( 121 )
SRPS EN 1991-1-1.

.
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ENV 13670: ;

147

 EN 206: : , ,
;
EN 10080: ;
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3.3 - 3, 4 9

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2: (210
.), ,
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(100 .);
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(35 .);
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(35 .);
SRPS EN 1994-2: 4
2: (90 .);
SRPS EN 1993-1-2: 3 1-2:
(80 .);
SRPS EN 1994-1-2: 4
1-2:
(110 .);

148

3.4 - 5 6

, SRPS EN 1995-1-1: - 1-1:
SRPS EN 1996-1-1: 1-1: , .
, , 5
6,
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, :
EN 338: ;
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;
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;
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;
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;
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;
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;
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;
EN 1052-3: 3:
.

, SRPS
EN :
SRPS EN 1995-1-2: 5 1-2:
;
SRPS EN 1995-2: 5 2:
;
SRPS EN 1996-1-2: 6 1-2:
;
SRPS EN 1996-2: 6 2:
, ;
SRPS EN 1996-3: 6 3:

149

3.5 - 7

. SRPS EN 1997-1
. .
.

4.
,
.
.
:

;
;

;

;
(

);
;
.
,
,
( 0-9).

[1] EN 1990 do EN 1999 /

// / , 2015.

150

-

:

.
,
.
,
,
.
,
476, - , 1+400.
: , , , ,

APPLICATION
OF
ANCHORED
RC
GRILLAGE
STRUCTURES FOR LANDSLIDES REHABILITATION
Summary:
This paper presents application of reinforced concrete anchored grid structure for
landslides rehabilitation. Structure consists of horizontal and vertical reinforced
concrete beams, anchored at their intersection with geotechnical anchors. These
structures are applicable to places where it is risk of landslides and rock fragments
fall, caused by loose or cracked rock material due to construction work, as well as
discontinuities occurring in natural geological processes. There is a description of
real implementation of this type of structure at specific project, design of landslide
rehabilitation on regional road R476, Ukrina Gornja Vijaka, at km 1 + 400.
Keywords: landslide, rehabilitation, slope, grillage construction, anchor

, . ., -- , ,
rvukomanovic@aggfbl.org

151

1.


.

,
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,

,
.
,

, .
,
,
, ,
,
.

, ,
,
152

 .
, ,
.
,
.

1 [6]

2. O

476, 801,
, 1+400. ,
153

 .
, -
30 . , 7,7%.
, 2006. .
,
,
, .
,
, .
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3.
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0,5 x 1,5 , () 0,5 x 0,5 , 32 ,
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.

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,
.

, ,

, .

Me / M. // , , 2005

Earth Pressure and Earth-Retaining Structures / R.I. Clayton, R.I. Woods, A.J. Bond, J.
Milititsky // New York, 2014

Me / . Nonveiler // , 1990

// 15/90, 1990

, , ,
// / , 2005

http://www.geocaching.com/
160

 1, 2, 3, 4

:
a

.
( ) o
,
.
. ,
.

. ,
, Pandrol Vanguard.
: , , , Pandrol
Vanguard

MODERN FASTENING OF THE RAIL TO THE SLEEPER

FOR RECONDITIONING OF RAILWAYS
Summary:
Railway network in Serbia and the Republic of Serbian is in very bad position and
need urgent reconstruction and modernization. Condition of infrastructure
(substructure and superstructure) is in such state that the train speeds are less than the
speeds in the time when railways were opened to traffic, for more than a century ago,
and traffic safety are difficult to maintain. The reconstruction of substructure and
modernization of superstructure increases the speed and safety. In particular, for
increases of speed is an important usage of modern fastening system.he first part of
this study describes the modern system of fixing applied to rails of developed
railways. The second part is dedicated to lately commonly applied, the system
Pandrol Vanguard.
Keywords: railway, superstructure, fastening systems, Pandrol Vanguard
1

. ... ,
. ... ,
3
. ... ,
4
. ... ,
2

161

1.

. 45%
225 kN, 30% 160 kN,
.
225 kN, ,
(, ),
(, , ). , S45,
S49, UIC60.
"".
[1]:
3809 3162 km
. 1286 km 1/3 .
647 km (17%) ,
. 120 km/h,
2012. 93 km/h, 66%
(61 km/h). 2013., 2014. 2015.
.
.
191 km . 1981. 2010.
( ) 38 km 20%,
. 20
10.8% 78.4% ( ).
1995. 2012. 27.9
km/h, 43.4 km/h.
.1
. .
1 - [1]
Table 1 - Average time driving speed trains on the route Belgrade Subotica [1]

1956-1957

1978-1979

1980

1991-1995

1995-2000

2000-2008

2008-2010

2010-2013

4h

2h 30min

2h 30min

2h 30min

2h 50min

3h 10min

3h 30min

4h

160 km/h
120 km/h .
.



.
425 km . 35
km/h 75 km/h 100 km/h.

.

162




.
:
-
- ,
-
- ,
- ,
- ,
, ,
, (
),
, ,
[2,5].

2. K


. .
2.1
.
,

.
.
.
1,
2.

1 - e
[2]
Figure 1 - Fastening systems for wood sleepers K [2]
163

 2 - [3]
Figure 2 - Technical characteristics of fastening the system K for wooden sleepers [3]
-
, .

3.

3 - [2,3]
Figure 3 - Results of measurement system fastening [2,3]
.

.
.

.
2.2

.
.
4.
.
164

 4 - [6]
Figure 4 - Impacts on the coupling of the elastic fastening systems and model-relianc [6]

( ) .
(, ).
, , ,
,
.
,

.
.
,
.
-
.
2.2.1 VOSSLOH

5 - Skl 12 - [5]
Figure 5 - The system fastening Skl 12 and force-time fastening [5]
SKL12 213
N, 16.7 N. SKL14 .

.

165

 .
.
2 - [4]
Table 2 - Development of fastening system [4]

3 - [4]
Table 3 - Development of fastening system [4]

2.2.2
)

6 - )S -300, )S- 1403, )S- 336 [3]

Figure 6 - Fastening the gauge on a solid support a) S -300, ) S-1403, ) S-336 [3]
166

 S-300 Skl 15 :
- :

- R 300m
-
- GI-
- Skl15 9 N
-
2.2.3 RN
RN 1948. ( 7 )
( 7 ).
.
.

7 - RN [5]
Figure 7 - The system fastening RN [5]
2.2.4 SSK
, .
, .
.
, ,
.

167

 8 - SSK [2]
Figure 8 - Elastic fastenings SSK [2]
2.3 PANDROL

Pandrol [7,8].
.
.
, .
)
)

9 - Pandrol fastclip (), Pandrol Vanguard () [8]

Figure 9 - Elastic fastenings Pandrolfastclip () Pandrol Vanguard () [8]

3.

. ,
.
, .
, ,
. ,

. Pandrol,

168

 .
.

[1] " "/ . , .. // 2013,

[2] /. , . // , 2006.
[3] /. //
, , 2006.
[4] www. Vossloh Fastening Systems
[5] Gornji ustroj eljeznica / S. Lakui // Sveuilite u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 2006.
[6] The Railway Track and its Long Term Behaviour/ K. Tzanakakis // Springer, 2013.
[7] Effects of rail fastening on railway track noise/S. Cox, A. Wang // The 29th International
Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering, Nice 2000, pp. 27-30
[8] www. Pandrol.com
: "
, 22-26 ( 36043)"

169

 1, 2, 32

:

,
.

.
,
.

: ,

EFFECT OF DETERMINING SOIL PARAMETERS TO HE

DEL CALCULATION RESULTS
Summary:
methodology for identification of representative soil parameters is an activity
that much more impact on the reliability of the final results obtained by analysis,
than select one of the calculation model. This paper will show the sensitivity
analysis results of calculation models in the soil depending on the specified
parameters of the soil, and for different calculation situations. The aim of this paper
is to obtain sufficiently reliable parameters to the calculation models give results
acceptable deviance in the description of the real problem.
Keywords: Soil, Soil parameters, methodology investigated, design models

--

--
3
. . .
2

171

1.

.
, ,

.
-
.

20m, 35.
,
badrock.
,
10m .
- ,
. GEO
STUDIO, SLOPE/W,
. -
.
kx=0,1 kx=0,2.

.

172

2.

p=100 kN/m2

=21 kN/m3
=28
c=0kPa

Minimalni faktori
sigurnosti za proracun
stabilnosti kosine za
razlicitekategorije
materijala 1

Fs Faktor sigurnosti
3.6
3.4

Staticko opterecenje bez vode

3.2

Staticko opterecenje sa vodom

f (Ugao
unutranjeg
trenja)

3.0
2.8
2.6

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

1I

173

m aterial 1
=21 kN/m3
pn=250kPa
b=32
=12

m aterial 2
bedrock

III
Minimalni faktori sigurnosti za
proracun stabilnosti kosine za
razlicitekategorije materijala 1

12

Staticko opterecenje bez vode

Staticko opterecenje sa vodom

3.6
3.4
32

3.2

1.3807

3.0
c

2.8

f (Ugao unutranjeg trenja)

0.7276

2.6

29

30

31

Pn=250kPa

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

IV

3. SPT CPT
CPT , ,

174


. CPT ,
2 cm/s.
:
-
-
-
-
-
:
-
-
CPT :
- 2cm
-
-
- CPT
-
-

:

V CPT

175

 (in situ) SPP, CPT (Cone Penetration

Testing) / CPTU (CPT ). CPT-a
,
CPTU

( ) (
).
(SPT),
, .

( ),
.

. ,
:
qbf=KxN,
:
-

(MN/m2)

N (SPT)

3.1.1
SPT
, .
,
,
().
(m)

()

>10

1.00

176

6-10

0.95

4-6

0.85

3-4

0.75

I
.
R,
( )
. ,
N60, N R u
vrijednosti 60%.
N60= R/60xN,
:
- N -
- R
4.
,
,
( )
. ( )
, ,
.

.
, . ,

.
( ) ,
.
(ohr- Coulomb) .
,
,
.

177

In situ ispitivanja SPT i CPT metodama/ S.Strelec, Sveuilite u Zagrebu 2011

Cone PenetrationTesting in geotehnical practice/T. Lunne, P.K.Robertson,

J.J.M.Powel, 1997,Routledge, New York

Fugro Engineering Services(2004):Cone penetration testing, Simplified

Description of the Use and Design Methods for CPTs in Ground Engineering/ Fugro
Engineering Services Limited, 2011 Oxfordshire

In-Situ
Soil
Testing/
Piezocone,
http://www.conepenetration.com/onlinebook/piezocone/piezocone-conepenetration-test-with-porewater-pressure-management,
2011
Geotechnical Engineerig: Soli and Fundation Principles and Practice
Richard L.H. and Spangler M.G., Fifth edition, MC Graw- Hill 2007
, 3./ EUROCODE 7, 1994

5
6

178

Aeo o1

OMAE OJET OA EEMEATA

O
ET OTJA II
:
eoe jea e oa a oeaa aa aoa
eoaja e eea aa eoa eaaje ea a
eaeae o e oja
. Aoa oaa

.
a ooaaj oje oa aoe
ee .
: oa eee, , ee oje, eooja

FORMING OF THE LAYERED FINITE ELEMENT FOR

ANALYSING THE INFLUENCE OF RHEOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES ON COMPLEX COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Summary:
This paper contains a numerical method for determining the state of stress and
deformations due to creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressing
steel in statically indeterminate composite structures based on layered finite
elements. The calculation algorithm allows significant changes in the structure
through the characteristic time intervals, in accordance with the technological
procedures during construction. The corresponding computer program adapted to
daily engineering design in practice is developed.
Keywords: finite elements, layers, composite structures, rheology

, ..,
, (andjelko.cumbo@gmail.com)

179

1
, (X ) [1],

(), , ,
(, ).
.
() :
(), , ()
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(),
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.
aaa e a oa ejaa ,
oeeee ea aaeaa aejaa. eoaa e a
oa o aoja aa eea eoa
, a eao aoee eoaja o oeo eea.
a eea o jeaa, aaj eoaja je eaa ja a e
ae eoe eea ( c -eo, a -, s -, p -), a oe aj k -
a :

k c,k a,k s,k p,k r,k k y

(1)

aao eaoj aoe eoaja ao o oeo eea

aoee eao. aaj aoa a a eo eo eea e
ee a oe ao aaeaa r,k k a a o
eajaa ao-eoaja, :
r
r
;
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a,k
a,k

r
r

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s,k
s,k

r r*
r
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pr

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c,k

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k 1
1
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r
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c,k i1 Ec(k ,i1) c,i 0 c,k

(4)

eaa aoee ( ):

K k qT k Qk Q*c,k Q*p,k

(5)

e aa o oaa e e o a o oeaa.
eoa jeaa je a e aea jeaa, e oe ea
aaea aejaa eea eooa oja eoa .

180

Maa o eo E ea eoa, , M k -
:
(6)
K k K c,k K a,k K s,k K p,k
oeje ae o e aj o oejeaa ae o
ooeo aa a a Em,k S m,k / l , m c, a, s, p , S m ,k je a oea
oe oeo eea oo a eee o.
, , ooaj ee oe aa Tk
, ae o. oe oa aa o je
oea o oee eeaao oa eoaja eoa Ec(k ,k 1)
oaaa/ o/ ojea oo eea.

2 JEAE AOTEE TEMA

ea ME oaea a e oja e a eeee oj oaj
e E. oae ea jeaa ee E aea eoo oae
oo jeaa ao E. ooaj E a o oa oje. a
oaae jeaa aoee ea eooo je a o eoe
a, a a E, aoa oao oa ooa e
ae aoaje T , ae o eoejo ooaja
oa ea oao ooao e ( o oa) [4].
Taoa o eo ooo eoa u ae U oao
oa ooa e je:

u T T u ; U T T U T
Jeaa aoee
aoaje je:

(7)

oeao

oao

K k qT k Q k Q *c,k Q *p,k

(8)

Jeaa aoee ea e oja aa e ae o eo a

aa a a E eoaj a a ejo oeao
ooa ea [4], j. aaj e oo E oj e jeo o.
oaae oejeaa a ooaaje oje a o a
eoa a ea oa e eeaaa jeaa aoee ea:
~
~
~
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K q~ Q Q* Q*
(9)

T k

c,k

p,k

eoo jeao oaea eaa oeaa oja

e aejaa. o oee, ea eea tk 0 ,
~
ooee eoa Qk eaaj oae eo, o
~
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jeaa (9) jea ea a eae aejae:

K~ k q~T k Q~k
181

(10)

a ea eea oae e, ooa ej ao e e

~*
Q c,k Q~*p,k . Taa eeaa o ooe jeae ea (9) ea
jea a oeae aejae:
~
~
~
K k q~T k Q*c,k Q*p,k

(11)

2.1
aaa ooeaa eoa a (. 1.)
o e oeaaa oa
a a o aj oeo ajaa. j oe
oje a ea je aa, a ea a oee eee ae
aooaaj. oo e
eo ojaj oeee eo, ae eo o a oaj eoae,
j. eoa je oaao (. 2.).
o je oj e a e oj E, o je o a jaa
aja a, o eeae ooae je, e eaea
ao jaa o ae je, a ooaa ja a
oo oeaa o eaje a a oa j (
. 3.).

c*

M c*

T,c
*

NN,c*

c*

1 ooe eoaje eoa e e ee

-N2c*

*
-N N2c

*
NN1c

N1c*

(NN1c+NN2c)/2
*

2 e ajae e E (ae oeee)

Oe je aa ooa aoa oj e oe oea ao oa
e o oeaa oja eeeaa. ae, o oo e o aaaj
e oae e (. 2. 4.), a aje e oeaaj

182

oe oo e oa e o aea ea ME. eee oa e

aaa oeea aaja, a ao oaa aa aaja o e
oaa jaaa ooa, j. oo e o oa oeaaa. O
oo e o oeaa ao oaa, a a oe je eooo
oj e a e oj E.
eo oa a eee e o
o e aj ooeaa eoaj jeo oa a , j. aa
ooaaj oeje ae e e eo:

Q*c,k

0
A S 0
N1*
I
S
I
S

T*1
T

l
l
l
l

S
I
0
0 1*
M 1*

Ec(k ,k 1)

*
0
0
A S T* 2
N 2

S
I S
I
*
T2

2* c,k

l l
l
M *
l
2 c ,k
0 S I c,k

(12)

oo aj, o aoee oo a, a oa
aa oee (12), je e. a o aoee o aooe,
eee oa oa, oeaa e a oaa a (. 2.):
N1*c,k N2*c,k

N N* 1c N N* 2c k

(82)
2
a aj oa e je e ee oe ee oao
oeo eea (. 3.). ea je oee a oeeea ea . 3a. jaa
oeaa ajaa oee ea eaoj eoj I ea aa je a . 3b.
o ea eea, eo aa (4), aaaj e ooe eoaje
eoo ea eea (. 1.). aae e, aa (12), oej e e
ooa eeea oje ae a . 3c. 3d. Oe e e ej e
eaoao eea T .
o ea eea, aae a oje aaj o o, e
oae e e aaj, je a o ee a ea eeea oe e o
eea a oo ea (. 3d.). oe ajaa e aoe
oaaj (. 3c.), a ao o, je e o ao oe oa eo
oe a (. 3f.). Ao e e o oeaae
aja a, ae aoe eoaje e ee o
oo. Oo oeo o aje oaa eaa oaa.
oaa E, ea ojeo oe, e oe a oe oa
eeea ( ). Oeaae aja a, ea
a (13), oo o aeje eeao jaaa o a (. 3e.), ao a e
o ae ooa (. 3g.) ojaj eo ae o
e. O e oo aja o aja a o a
oaa .
a e oeaa ao eaa a ee a a oje E, a oaa
E, a oee jaa, aaa aaje a e ea eea,
ea oa ( oe) a aaje N,k (. 2. 3e.):

183

 N ,k

1 N N* 1 N N* 2

Er Ak
2
k

(14)

a oaj a e ooo oa a jaa o oo o aooaaje

ao . Aao oa ao o aa (12) eje e a
eo Q*p,k e eaaje .

~
Q

a)
b)

M
c)

M c*
d)

NNc*
e)

Nc*
f)

T c*

g)

~
Qc*
3 e e ee oe ee

3 A
eee ea aea jeaa (9) oeje e eo o oeaa a
e ea eea. eoo je oeo e ae oe o
oeaa / aa ea oae oe, je je aa o
aa. ooeae eoaja oaao E e o oe ao
ajaa eoa oeaa a eoe oe ae. Oa oeaa ea ae
aoa oao oa ooa e [4]:

qT k T qT k

(15)

aae oee eoaja E T ,k k e aaaj eo aa

qT k BT
. Ao je o oaa oae oeeo oeeee eeea

184

eeo eo eae o a, e ee oe M M oj eao

e ooje, ao je eo oeaae oa a N N ,
e e eo eoaje N ,k eo e M ,k j.:
T
N

BT qT k

k
M k

(16)

eo a je a eeaao o oo e e
N,k M ,k jeaa e o a oo o :
T

BT qT k
k

(17)

ooaj eaoao ea Tk je oe a ae eae eea a

o je aje aao. a e eo eoae o ooaja ooo je
ooee eoaja a a oj eea ojeoa a oaa o. a
aj a je ao oaa oa a a ae ea,
eoj aa ee eo eaa. oo e o oe
a eoa ea aa. Ao e a a eo eea m , ( m c, a, s, p ),
a oa oaa a oeo eo oo Tm , aoaja aaeaa
eoaja a eaoao ea Tk a a ea Tm aa je ee
ao:
Tm 1 yTm yT ,k T

; m c,a,s,p
1
k 0
k

(18)

aa aae oee eoaja oeo ee eo E,

aao eoa o jeao eoaja, ae a e eoe eea. Me,
ao e oaj oea oeo a a eo eea e e oe
eea o ee ao-eoaja a ojee aejae. aaj
aoa a eo eo eea, , M a aa (2) (3). ao o
oje eoa eea eao e eaj, o e o a
aaea a oaa jaaj oo.
aae aoa eoaja, a e ea eea tk ,
oej e eojo eoo aa oee aa ee ea
eea:
Tm Tm
Tm

k k 1 k

(19)

Tm Tm
Tm

; m c,a,s,p

k k 1 k

(20)

a eoe (ojee) eea oj oeeo e ao ae

eoe, j eaa ea ooe oee e eoaje. Me, ao
aa aoa, ao o eooo oa, oaa aaa ea
oje eoa eea aa e o e eoaje a oaa jaaj

185

oo. oaa ao a aa oa
E oj e o eaa oaje oe a.
, ,
,
, ( ).

4
aa oaa , aaa ee
eoa, eoa oa oe aoeoj eeoj
a .
eoe oe oaa o oeeea (ooa
oa) oj
.
ea oo oe oe je eaa a oea. oe oea eea,
e e e oae oje oeeea aaaj eoaje, oe je eaa
oee eaaje, e e e oae oje eoaja oeje a aoa.
Taoe je ao a a e o oo, a a o aae a oee
oja e eea ea oee aja, eaaj a eoeee
oje e e eea eaj aj e oee oae oeeea.
aa aoa oaa ooje ejae aae oaaa e
ea, e e a ooaaj aaea aaaa o oa oeae
ooaa, e eoo aeaa oaaa ee aa eeeaa.
oee oo aoa oe e aea aj oje aoa a
aoa eoaa eeeaa oaa ae. Mo e aaa
oej aje, ao o e aae eeje e ojaaaa aaje
ooje aje ea e eoa (. e ooje
aae). Oae aae ooe oaj a oaa, je e oe
oa e oj a eoa aea (. oo e aea,
oae oa eeeaa oa eoo aoa o).
TEATA
[1] . (2014):
, X
- , ,
, . 271-278.
[2] o A., o . (2004): aa aja
e oja,
, , . 203-255.
[3] ., . (2000):
,
. 1-2, , , . 12-19.
[4] eo M. (1988): Meo oa eeeaa, o ae, aea a,
eoa.

186

 1, 2

:

.
, .
(RPC).
RPC .

. ,
.
: , , RPC,

REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE

Summary:
Ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete is another in a series of modern
technological achievements. It is the composite with improved cement matrix, with
high compressive and tensile strength. One of the representatives of these concrete is
reactive powder concrete (RPC). In this paper a basic explanation of RPC are made.
Results of the experimental investigations of steel fibers influence on their properties
are presented. Also, comparisons were made of the mechanical properties of these
concrete with fiber-reinforced and ultra-high performance concrete.
Keywords: composite, reactive powder concrete, RPC, steel fibers

1
2

... , , , vecacarevic@gmail.com
..., ...o , , jankoradovanovic87@gmail.com

187

1

.
,
. , , ,


.

.
(Ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete)
.
, .
(Reactive Powder Concrete)
RPC .

, .

,
.

.

2 RPC-

XX Bouygues,
2,5% 13 mm 0,16 mm [1].
(200800 MP) (25150 MP).
,
[2,3].
RPC

. ,
, , .
0,1 m pa do priblino 600 m
.

150600 m. , ,
.
:
,

C-S-H .

188

 ,
:
- ,
- ,
- ,
- .
-
Sherbrooke 1997. 60m [4]. , 2002. [5].

3
RPC
.
. 1
RPC-.

1 RPC
Figure 1 The ratio of component materials for a typical RPC admixture
. RPC
-
C3 (- )
( ).
, , .
2838%
650 kg m3 . 10%
( )
.
.
()
600 m.
.
189

 :
- ,
- C-S-H ,
-
.
- (/) ,
.
.

. - 0,1
0,25.
(SCC).
67% .

, .
.
23%
(67% ).
,
.

4 RPC
RPC 10-15 .

.
.
( , NaCl)
.
. ,
.
RPC 50
, [6].

.
:
- ,
- .
Campbell RPC
[7]. RPC
.
.
.

.
- . RPC
190

 ,
[7]. ,
.

5
RPC
,
(FRC) (UHPC). ,
RPC .
. 13 mm 0,2 mm (
65) 40 mm 0,5 mm ( 80).
. RPC 1
, RPC 3 , RPC 2
. 1
. 4x4x16 cm
, 10x10x50 cm .

28 , 90 .
1 - [8]
Table 1 - The composition of admixtures [8]


PC 55

(% m+)
13/0,2
40/0,5
(% vol)

RPC 1

RPC 2

230
720
1235
170
0,18
24,5
2,6
190
2,5

230
720
1235
170
0,18
28,5
3,0
190
76
3,5

RPC 3
[kg/m3]
230
720
1235
170
0,18
24
2,5
152
2,0

FRC

UHPC

364
1800
150
0,41
1,8
0,5
76
1,0

364
1800
150
0,41
1,8
0,5
-

5.1
2.

.
.
,
[9].
191

, .
RPC
FRC UHPC 23 .

2
Figure 2 Test results of compressive strength
5.2
3
[8]. RPC 2
. 1 3
. ,
RPC FRC UHPC .
47 .

.
. ,
, .
5.3

90 [10].
. 4 [8].

, .

.

. RPC

192

 FRC UHPC .
23 . RPC
UHPC 4.

3
Figure 3 Test results of flexural strength

4
Figure 4 Test results of ductility

. ,
.
UHPC () .
193

6
.
600 .
, .
,
.

. ,
.
,
.

RPC
. ,

.

[1]
Ultra high performance fiber-reinforced concretes (UHPFRC): an overview / P. Rossi
// Proceedings of the Fifth International RILEM Symposium: Fiber-reinforced
concrete (FRC), BEFIB 2000 , 2000, , , . 87100.
[2]
Structural applications of RPC / M. Cheyrezy // FIP International Conference New
Technologies in Structural Engineering, 1997, , .
[3]
Composition of Reactive Powder Concretes / P. Richard, M.Cheyrezy // Cement and
Concrete Research, Vol. 25, No. 7, 1995, . 15011511.
[4]
The Sherbrooke Reactive Powder Concrete Footbridge / P.C. Aitcin, M. Lachemi, R.
Adeline, P. Richard // Structural Engineering International, No. 2, 1998, . 140144.
[5]
Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete // Interim Recommendations,
AFGC/SETRA working group, 2002.
[6]
Concrete Tehnology / A. Neville, J.J. Brooks // Addison Wesley Longman Limited,
1997.
[7]
Report CPAR-SL-98-3: Reactive powder concrete for producing sewer, culvert and
pressure pipes / R.L. Campbell, E.F. Oneil, M.D. Dowd, C. Dauriac // US Army Corps
of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, 1998, , .
[8]
/ M. , . ,
. // , 2004, . 6978.
[9]
/ M. //
- , 2003, .
[10] / . //
- , 1998, .

194

:

,

. ,

.
,
, . .
: , , ,

CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE

IN RESIDENTAL ARCHITECTURE
Summary:
As the title says the written work describes the contradictions that exist between
achievements in theoretical and practical aspects of construction in the region, and
the analysis is done conceptual developments in international practice and practice
with us. It is noticeable that the theory has reached the world level thinking, and
practical construction of the facilities is experiencing a very slow development and
progress due to more negative influencing factors related to the overall development
of the region. The work presents the problems, but also to give suggestions to the
individual problems can be solved, in interaction with others development areas in
the region.
Keywords: theory, practice, conceptual achievements, advancement

, sladjanajankovic80@gmail.com, ,

195

1

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196

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197

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198

 1 Jean Nouvel, 100 Eleventh Avenue, New York Manhattan, Project 2010
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200

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2014

a -
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2012

204

/Jean Nouvel//www.sa-c.net/index.php/events/item/117-jeannouvel-kontekstualna-arhitektura.html

205

 1 2

:

. .

.


.
: ,

THE KOLUBARA RIVER DISPLACEMENT IN THE LIGNITE

BASIN
Summary:
The paper presents an unusual water flow regulation project, rare in the international
practice. It actually deals with the Kolubara river bed relocation over the Open Pit
Mine East Field inside dump of the Kolubara Lignite Basin in central Serbia. The
river has been displaced in order to expand the mining operations for further coal
exploitation by the new pit mines opening. The new, dislocated bed during the
eight-year exploitation period was extremely well which was proved by the regular
river bed survey.
Keywords: Water flow dislocation, Open pit mine

, EFT Trade, ,, Email: svetomir.prokic@eft-group.net

, , , , Email:

nebojsa.popovic@jcerni.co.rs

207

1

. 50 km
.
, 30
. 1898
1950
, .
2000,
, 1.
,
. 2200 km2 Q = 650 m3/s.
.
,
, ,

.
EPDM .
5 km 100 000,00 m2 , 200 000,00
m2 265 000,00 m3
.

, . Morwell
Inde , `

. ,
.

() , 1947
, .

208

 64%
.

. 85%
.
30
. - 1:3 10 200 m
.
600 km2
, , , .
. 20%
120 km2. .
, 480 km2
.
50 .
,
.
1

PRIKAZ KOLUBARSKOG LIGNITSKOG BASENA

STEPOJEVAC

Tamnava

Tu

RADLJEVO
b

Pljo

a
tanic

KALENI

MALI BORAK

S tu

ble
nica

K la
d ni
ca

ri ja

D. po

UB

3'
VELIKI CRLJENI

tok

.p
ar-

a-B
rug

d
gra
eo

1
2
3
3'
4
5
6
7

"TAMNAVA - Z. POLJE"
"TAMNAVA - I. POLJE"
POLJE "V.CRLJENI"
POLJE "CVETOVAC"
"TAMNAVA - J. POLJE"
POLJE "D"
POLJE "B"
POLJE "E"

Sko balj

K la

VREOCI

ca
d ni

iina
Vran

Krl ja

ica

ODLAGALITE JALOVINE

av

REKULTIVISANE POVRINE

7
Luk

GRANICE OTKOPNIH POLJA

Kolubara

na
nii
V ra

n
Peta

jezero
Paljuvi
-Vi

OPI

LAZAREVAC

POVRINSKI KOP
RUDOVCI

LAJKOVAC

209

2

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.
. ,
, .
, 2007

. 3
,
( Google Earth, Lazarevac, Central
Serbia)
. 2
.

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, ,
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2. ,
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212


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4 / EPDM 84
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213

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2
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1,0 mm, .
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(a) - 2

3

. 1,2 m
1,3 m
.

214

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(c) .

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: K < 10-07 cm/s
: Cu > 9
: < 6 %
: d 1,2 m

/

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215


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(High Density Polyethylene) HDPE 1,5 mm
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) 1,0 mm
(Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) EPDM 1,0 mm

EPDM
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216

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218

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(a)

(b)
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,
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, USA . 343 .
11 12 2010 2014
.

219

 12 2014, Q > 950 m3/s

(a)

(b)

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220

 13

. 1 2 : 1)
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- 2008 ( ), 4) 2008
5) 2010..

2010., :
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. 0,35 m,
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( ) 0,82 m,
1,45 m .36.

0,27 m, 67, - 0,52 m.
( 2008.)
2010 , 0,14 m.
0,04 m.
221

( )

New Kolubara river bed - I phase

New Kolubara river bed - I phase

a. crossisectionl: no.17

b. cross section no.19

channel distance: km 0+950.02

channel distance: km 0+850.00

90.50

90.00

90.00

89.50

89.50

89.00

89.00

88.50

88.50

88.00

88.00
87.50

87.00

87.00

Z (mnm)

Z (mnm)

87.50

86.50
86.00

86.50
86.00

85.50

85.50

85.00

85.00

84.50

84.50

84.00

84.00

83.50

83.50
83.00

83.00
-40.00

-20.00

Designed channel shape

82.50
0.00

20.00

Recorded july 2008

40.00
L (m)
Recorded may 2008

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

-40.00

-20.00

82.50
0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

L (m)
Recorded september 2008

Recorded november 2010

Designed channel shape

Recorded Luly 2008

Recorded May 2008

Recorded Sept. 2008

Recorded Nov. 2010

:
,
. ()
. 2,0 m,
, .
1,3 m ( ),
.
.
.

. .
,
(
, ).
.
(
) .
.

222

New Kolubara river bed - I phase

Z (mnm)

-bottom longitudinal section87.00

86.50
86.00
85.50
85.00
84.50
84.00
83.50
83.00
82.50
82.00
81.50
81.00
80.50
80.00
79.50
79.00
78.50
78.00
77.50
77.00
76.50
76.00
75.50
75.00
74.50
74.00
0.00

500.00

1000.00

Designed bottom line

1500.00

2000.00

Recorded may 2008

2500.00
L (m)
Recorded july 2008

3000.00

3500.00

Recorded september 2008

4000.00

4500.00

5000.00

Recorded november 2010

4
: I ; : , ;
: , ;
: , ;
: - , ;
: Trelleborg Building Systems AB, Rubber, Membranes Division,
Varnamo, Sweden;
: Neshvyl Ltd, ;
: CIP, Be.

223

 1, 2, 3

( ,
)
:
(
), ,
650 ha .
220 m,
. ,
1.000, .
,
.
: , ,

PUBLIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH LARGER NUMBER

OF USERS (GROCKA MUNICIPALITY, CITY OF
BELGRADE)
Summary:
Irrigation system of City of Belgrades agricultural land (in the Grocka
municipality), whose construction was financed with funds from the Citys budget,
covers 650 ha of privately owned arable land. Elevation difference between Danube
and irrigated land amounts to 220 m, which makes this irrigation system unique in
Serbia. Water delivery to more than 1000 users will be arranged on demand using
46 km of distribution network.
his paper, besides the description of the system, discusses the dependence of water
price on the number of connected users.
Keywords: irrigation, public irrigation system, larger number of users
1

, . . ., , mile.bozic@jcerni.co.rs
, . . . ., , dejan.milsev@jcerni.co.rs
3
. . ., , milorad.stojadinovic@jcerni.co.rs
2

225

1
,
, .
,
20.000 .
, 30 km
( 1).

1 -
,
1.000 ha ,
1.000 ha . , , ,
, , .
,
,
.
, .
.
(
0,5 ha, 3 ha),
. ,
-.

, ,
27, 33 54 km .

226

 ,
, , 355 mm .
, 1988. - 2007. .
3,9 5,6 mm/.
, ,
4 : , , , 89 %
.
.
.
,
.
77 mm ,
, 10 % , 4 mm.
, ,
.

. ,
( ),
. ,
,
.

2
,
( 2). 0,24 m3/s,
650 ha.

2 -
227

2.1
, 1600 mm.
.
45
. 27 m ,
.
20- ,
.
-
12 12 m, 72 m ..
65,5 m ..
,
.
, ,

( 3).
.

3 - 67 m ..
- - ,
. 250 kW,
1.000 kW.

.
.

228

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500 mm,
7.050 m. , ,
,
. ,
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R-100 ( - ),
.
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.

4 - 286 m ..
285 m ..
286 290 m ..

3
,
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229

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4

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, 340 /ha/
650 ha, 1.000 /ha/
( 220 ha).

.
( ),
, ,
( ),
, , .
: ,
. 69 %
2,24 GWh .
650 ha ,
, .
650 ha,
70 % 30 %. 220 ha,
85 % 15 %.

( 4 . ), .

231

 650 ha,
1,9 . m3 , 0,17 (530 /ha).
, 0,34 (1.100 /ha).

5
, ,
, ,
650 ha .
, 2012. .
.
,
.

, .


.
530 /ha/ ,
. ,
,
. , ,

, 1.000 /ha/
.
,
,
, .

, .

,
.

/ // 2010. ., .

/
// 2011. ., .

/
// 2014. ., .
232

:
,
,

,
. ,

.
,

.
: konvencijalno odlagalite, bioreaktorsko odlagalite, deponijski
plin.

POSSIBILITIES
DISPOSAL IN
SYSTEM

OF
APPLICATION
MUNICIPAL WASTE

BIOREACTOR
MANAGEMENT

Summary:
Unlike the conventional or passive municipal waste landfill, the alternative approach
the bioreactor landfill introduces active management of landfilled waste in order
to accelerate waste biodegradation, to decrease its toxicity and to reduce the time
required to reach a stable and condition. This paper describes the basic concept of a
bioreactor landfill, stating the advantages and disadvantages of the described
disposal technology. With American and European experiences, lists the
recommendations for Waste Management Strategy of the Republic of Srpska
regarding the application of bioreactor landfills as part of an integrated waste
management system.
Keywords: conventionally landfill, bioreactor landfill, landfill gas.

1 . , ,

233

1.
.
(). () ,

. :
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,
40% ,
[1].
40 .

.
75 .
2003.
Acceptance Criteria[2].
, B2, .
. .

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. : , . ( 20%
45-60%), (
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[3].
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).

236

3.1.1 -
250.000
. : 97.000
(), 35.000 , 92.000
( 7.000 ).
,
, , , , , .

54oC 12%.

2700 m3. 18
60% ( 2.).

250.000 /

42%

40%

/
15%

Fe+
3%

2-
1000 m3/h
2123 m3. 40 m3/t
. .
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( ). ,
, ( 3.)[5].

237

 3- .
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. :
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.

.
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.
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, .

10% .

12%.
.
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238

 4-
3.2.2


.

() ( 10%)
. ,

(
pH 67).
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( 5.).

.
100 g HPK/l
.
.
,

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.

239

 5-

4.
,
,
: , ,
,
.
.
-,

. ,
.

1 /./,
,2009,345-353.
[2] Acceptance Criteria /Concil Decision 2003/33/EC/Official Journal of the European
Communities, 2003.
[3] /./ ,2004.
[4] Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage and organic fraction of municipal solid
wastes/P.Sosnowski,A.Wieczorek/Advances in Enviromental Researck,2004,609-616.
[5] /.,./ ,
2011,138-142.

240

 1, 2, 3, 4

:

, .
,

,
.
,
.
: , , , ,

GREEN WALLS IN URBAN CITY AREAS AND THEIR

INFLUENCE ON MICROCLIMATE
Summary:
We are all witnessing the process of changing natural environment into construction
sites, and as a consequence, the lack of green areas is recognized. This problem
demands a use of an alternative, such as green walls, in order to make urban city
areas greener. By using the energy flow and natural characteristics of environment
we can increase the comfort of everyday life, without creating a distortion of the
ecological balance. The aim of the project is the representation of a bond between
the nature and building area, and also the aspiration to give the importance to this
unique way of construction in terms of energy saving and environment preservation.
Keywords: faade, microclimate, greenery, ecosystem, architecture

. . , , djukanoviclollyc@hotmail.com,
. . , , sjankovic671@gmail.com,
3
. . , , teodoravukic91@gmail.com
4
, , sasha91bor@gmail.com,
2

241

1
.
, -
. , ,
600. ... 5.
6 ,
7 1938. .
:
,
, , ,
.
, .
( 25 /2),
. .
: ;
, , ;
8;
;
, .; ,
;
...
,
, 9.

, .

.

- ( )
. , 90 , .
6

7
Stanley Hart White , 1922. 1959.
8
Heat - island effect ,
.
.
9
Patrick Blanc , .

242

2
2.1
.
,
.
, .
, ,
.
4 12 ,
500 . ,
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, 1015, 12
353 . , 1220
12 .
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, 60,
25. 80. ,

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, .
2.3 ,

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. ,
. ,
,
. , ,
50% , .

, .
.

243

2.4
.

. 5
2,9 W/2,
. ,
.
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.
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.
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, :
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, .
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.
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244

3.2.
3.2.1
.
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245

3.2.3

,
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.
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.
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246

5
,
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247


1
[2]
[3]
[4]

Architecture and the environment: bioclimatic building design /D. Jones, J. Hudson, A.
Tadao // Laurence King, 1998., London
/ M. //
, 1991.,
: / M.
, M. , M. // , 1994.,
, / .
// , 2009.,

[5]
[6]

/ . // , 2008.,
/ . //
, (2012, ), 02, 140 147

[7]

/ A. // , (2012,
), 04, 140 143
Green architecture / J. Wines // Taschen, 2008., Kln

[8]

248

:
, ( ),
, ,
, , .
, , ,
. ,
, , . ,
, - ,
,
, , .
: ,

ROAD CONSTRUCTION ON LABILE AND

UNSTABLE TERRAINS
Summary:
It is well known that on the territory of former Yugoslavia (and in the world in
general) there are lot of labile and unstable terrains, which are featuring the
appearance of landslides, slumps and crumbling of differing dimensions,
mechanisms and intensity. These occurrences appear, either in mountainous or hilly
terrains, and even in slightly rolling terrains. Considerable number of our modern
roads is seriously imperiled, or might be jeopardized by these occurrences, For that
reason, the construction of road transport facilities, particularly on unstable terrains,
requires special analysis, in a sense of timely identification and discovery of the
characteristics of these occurrences, in order to pursue to the repairs with rational
and safe solutions.
Keywords: road construction conditions, labile and unstable terrains.

..., , ,
, 11000 II 61,
email: v.vujanic944@gmail.com
1

249

1.

( ),
. ,
, , (), ,
, ,
, , .
, , , .
, ,
, , .
, ,
,
, , , ,
, , , , ..
( ), 2014..
,
( 2000, : , ,
),
. ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, .
, , (
, ) (
, , , , , )
. , , .
: , ,
. ,
, (1941/2, 1951,1963.). 2005. 2006. ,
, , ,
.
( ) ,
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, .
() ,
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, .
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.
, ,
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, .
(),
, .
, .
, ( , 1).

.
.

250

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251

3.
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: (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) -

; () ; (1,2,3)

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252

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253

B i H

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258

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259

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260

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261

 ,
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[1] / .,
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, , 1967..
[2] ,
, / ., .// ,
.., , (2000).
[3] / .//,
, 1994.. 1-2.

262

 1, 2

,

:

,

.
,
( ), ( ,
) ,
.
: , ,

TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION OF CUT, DAP AND

BUILDING MISTAKES IN COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL
GEOTECHNICL CONDITIONS
Summary:
When excavation material from the cut it is necessary to take care of geological geotechnical conditions of terrain structure which often causes excavation method,
type of protection as well, as the optimal use of machinery for excavation and
transportation of materials. In this paper we considered all aspects that affect this
issue, also it will show the most optimal method of opening cut (building
technology), excavation conditions in fine-grained and coarse grained materials
(cohesive, semi-cohesive and decoupled), and to point out the most common
mistakes that occur in the work.
Keywords : Cut, dap, building technology
..., , ,
, 11000 II 61,
email: v.vujanic944@gmail.com
2 .., .., 11000 ,
43, e-mail :simo.tosovic@gmail.com
1

263

1.

, ,
, .
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,
.
,
.
.
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- ,
- ,
- .
1.1.
( ),
,
.
( 1).

264

 1.
,
. ( 1,5 2,0 km)
, , : , , ,
, .
:
- ,
- , ,
- .
,
, .
1.2.
,
.
( 5-6 m),

, . ( 2).

2.
265

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.
, .
, ,
, , ,
, (.3.).

a)

3. : ) ,
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() :
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- 4 m ,
: 3m,
4 m, .
,
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, 4-6.

4 .

266

 5 .

6.
1.3.
,
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,
,
( 7).
,
, ( 7).

Slika 7. Izgradnja useka podunim prosekom

267

a)

8. ( a )
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8 m,
10 m).
268

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.
9 10,
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).
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,
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1,5- 2 m2 ( 1,2 x 1,2 1,4 x 1,4 m ),

.
, . 10 15 m ( 9
10). :
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2.
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), 30 cm .
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, 100 % ,
.

269

 9.

10.

3.

IV
V , . VI V
VII,
.
, ,
( ), .
, .
, ,
.
. ,
30 x 30 x 30 cm.
,
.

270

4.
( ).
4.1.

- ,
, . ,
, .
- ,
, , ,
. ,
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.
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.
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, . ( 11.).

11.
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.

271

- ,
,
.
- .
.
.
- .
,
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12.
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5.
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.

1 .. .
2 ( )

, .
3
() .

272

 1, 2, 3, 4

:

.
.

.
. ,
.
.
: ,

, , ,

MODUL REACTION OF SOIL IN THE CALCULATION OF

STRUCTURES
Summary:
Modulus of soil reaction is a parameter that indicates a reactive soil resistance to the
effects of loads. Depending on the direction of the load it can be horizontal or
vertical. Modulus of reaction varies not only depending on the soil type and load
level, but also depending on the shape and size of the contact surface. The first part
of this study describes the theoretical basis for determining modulus of vertical
ground reaction. Thereby, the various types of soils are analyzed. In the second part
of the paper the influence of modulus of subgrade reaction to the calculated results
in the specific case of a multi-floor building are discussed.
Keywords: modulus of soil reaction, construction, load, subsidence, static effects
______________________________
1

. ... ,
. ... ,
. ... ,
4
. ... ,
2
3

273

1
,
. ,
, , .
,
, .
, .
a
.
,
Winkler [1].
- , .

, . ,
,
. , Winkler-
, a
.

. FilolenkoBorodich [2]

. , Heteny- [3]
, . Pasternak
[4] je ,
, .

.
.

. Terzaghi [5]


. Biot [6]
, .
Winkler- . Vesi [7]
[5] ,
, . Horvath [8]
.
,
. , .

.
.

274

2.
, Winkler-,
q w.

ks

q
w

(1)

Terzaghi [6]
B x B :
B 0.305
k k0

2B

(2)

,
L B
k0 30.5cm
:
k k0

0.305 L 0.152
B
1.5L

(3)

1
:
1

Tble 1 Typical numerical values of modulus of reaction for cohesion soils
K


100-200 kPa
200-400 kPa
>400 kPa
ks -

15-30 MN/m3

30-60 MN/m3

>60 MN/m3

ks -

23 MN/m3

45 MN/m3

90 MN/m3

, Terzaghi-,
B D f :
B 0.305
k k0

2B

(4)

1 2

Df

2
(5)
B
2
. ,
. ,
.

275

 2

Tble 2 Typical numerical values of modulus of reaction for cohesionless soils


a
k s - /

5-20 MN/m3

20-90 MN/m3

90-300 MN/m3

k s -

12 MN/m3

40 MN/m3

150 MN/m3

k s -

8 MN/m3

25 MN/m3

100 MN/m3

1 k0 (
30.5cm), Terzaghi-.

1- 30.5cm [9]
Figure 1- Approximate values of modulus of reaction for plate with 30.5 cm [9]
,
Winkler- , Vesi [7] :
k

0.65Es

B 1 2s

12

Es B 4
0.65Es
L
10 k
,
Eb I
B
B 1 2s

:
Es - ,
Eb -

276

(6)

 s - ,
I -

3.

.
.
, ,
-2,80 -3,80.
50cm. 2 , 3
.

2
Figure 2 3D construction model

277

 2 -
3 -
Figure 3 Ground floor of the construction
4a
2D,
. 4
2C ,

. Winkler- .
a)

278

4
Figure 4 Subsidence foundation in function of modulus of reaction
5 2-C
,
. 5 2-C
,
.
)

279

5
Figure 5 Bending moments of the frame in function of modulus of reaction

4.

.

.

1
2
3
4
5
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]

Die Lehre Von Elasticitaet Und Festigkeit / E. Winkler, H. Dominicus // 1867., Prague
Some approximate theories of the elastic foundation / . Filonenko, M. Borodich //
Uchenyie Zapiski Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennoho Universiteta Mekhanica, 1940., 46,
pp. 3-18 (in Russian).
Beams of Elastic Foundations / M. Heteny // University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor,
MI, 1946.
On a new method of analysis of an elastic foundation by means of two foundation
constants / P. L. Pasternak // Gosudarstvennoe izdatelstro liberaturi po stroitelsvui
arkhitekture, 1954., Moscow (in Russian)
Evaluation of Coefficients of Subgrade Reaction / K. Terzaghi // Geotechnique, 1955.,
Vol. 4, pp. 297-326
Bending of an infinite beam on an elastic foundation / M. A. Biot // Journal of Applied
mechanics, 1937., pp. A1-A7
Bending of Beams Resting on Isotropic Elastic solid / A.S. Vesi // Journal of
Engineering mechanics division, ASCE, 1961., 87, EM2, pp. 35-53
Modulus of Subgrade reaction: New perspective /J. S. Horvath // Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering 109 (12), ASCE, 1937., pp. 1591-1596
/ . // ,
, 2012.
280

 1, 2, 3,
4

:
,
,
.
,

.
.

.
: , , ,
,

LOAD TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION INFLUENCED PROCESS

RHEOLOGICAL IN THE ROCK MASS
Summary:
At the construction of underground structures in soft rock masses, especially in case
of construction in several phases, for the stress strain analysis are important
rheological processes in the rock mass. In the analysis, it can be assumed that the
reinforced concrete structure is slightly deformable in relation to the rock mass, and
the rheological stress redistribution happens at the expense of the elements of rock
mass.In the first part of this paper, the basic elements of rheological models of some
of rock masses and analysis of these models are presented. The second part is
dedicated to the analysis of rheological processes in marl rock mass and the influence
of these processes on reinforced concrete tunnel structure.
Keywords: rock mass, rheological models, tunnel construction, rheological processes,
1

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3
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4
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2

281

1.

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(Hooko- ) (Newton- ).
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282

 [3,6]:
1. = 0
PASCAL-
2. = 2GE HOOKE-

3. T =2 E
4. T= c0

NEWTON-
St. VENANT- (- )
1. [6]
Table 1. Models of ideal basic material [6]

,
:

5. = 2GE * 2 E

6.

KELVIN-

T = 2 E -tR T

MAXWEL-

7.

T = 2 E * c0

BINGHAM- ( )

8.

T = 2GE*2 E *tR T

POYNTING-THOMSON

9.

T = 2GE*2 E *c

--

10. T = 2 E -tR T *c0

PRANDTL-REUSS

283

3.

:
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-

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.
[4].

.
Kelvina ( 1).
-
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. Maksvel- ( 1).
)

1. : ) Kelvin- , ) Maksvel- [5,6]

Figure 1. Rheological models: a) Kelvin's model, ) Maxwell's model [5,6]
,
, 2

2. - [6]
Figure 2. Model extended elastic - model marl [6]

284


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.
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20 .

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Coulomb-Mohr-
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)
Laplace- . ,
,
:

D (t ) D0 (1 e t )[ D D0 ]
(1)
: D(t) - "t"
D0=D(0), = 1

285

D=D(), = 12 / (1+2)
- (1/t)
-
-
t = T (
- )
D = D(T), :
S(T) = S0
(2)
S0 -
( t >T ) :
D'(t)=D(t)
(3)

H(t)

D(T),

H (t ) ( D D0 )(e T e t )
(4)

H ( ) ( D D0 ) e T
(5)
: H
H ()
,

H ( )
D
(1 0 ) e T
D
D

(6)
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p
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p (1

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(9)
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286

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p -

u -

, :

p0 (1

E1
) E1 u u
E2

(10)
:

u u

p0
const
E

(11)
:

1
1
1

;
E E1 E2

E1 E2
E1 E2

(12)
:

1
u p0 (1 e t )
E2 E1

(13)

. t = T ,
,

. t = T :

1
u uT p0 (1 e T )
E2 E1

(14)
:

p (1

E1
) p
E1 uT const
E2
E2

(15)

p p E uT

(16)
:

287

E1 E2

p0

E1 E2 (1 e T ) 1 e ( t T ) p0 e (t T )
E1 E2

(17)
t :

p0

E1 E2 (1 e T )
E1 E2

(18)
.
:

p p0

1 (1 e T )
1

(19)
,

pR p0 p p0

e T
1

(20)
(20) :

pR p0

(21)

[9]. ,
: 0.1 (1/), po= 560 kN/m2 .

3.
Figure 3. Distribution of pressures over time
""
3.
pR 2 3 .
288

5.

,
.
, ,

.
.
:
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, (
).

6.
[1] An Analytical Solution for Axisymmetric Tunnel Problems in Elasto-Viscoplastic Media
/P.Fritz //, Int.J.for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol.8, 1884,
pp.325-342
[2] Modeling of viscoelastic materials /V. Effinger, P.D.Bois // Dyna, 2012.
[3] Engineering viscoelasticity / D.Roylance // 2001.,Cambridge
[4] Introduction to the finite element method a numerical method for engineering analysis
/C.Desai, J.Abel // London, 1972.
[5] Application of finite element and constitutive models /C.Desai // Tucson, 2012.
[6]
/ . // D ,

, ,1980.
[7] A study on Deformation of Eunnels Excavation in Fractured Rocks /A,R. Khoshboresh //
Quebec, 2013.
[8] Time-Dependent Damage investigation of Rock Mass in an In Situ Experimental Tunnel
/Q. Jiang, J. Cui and J. Chen // Materials, 2012., No 5, 1389-1403.
[9] / .
// , , ,
, 02, 1987., , . 117-126

: "
, 22-26 ( 36028 36043)"

289

 1, 2, 3, 4

:


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.


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,

.

.
: , ,

ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL GEODETIC NETWORKS FOR

DEFORMATION ANALYS OF ENGINEERING OBJECTS
Summary:
Special geodetic networks for deformation analysis of engineering objects are designed
depending on field conditions and specific characteristics of engineering objects as it was
their shape, size and position. Despite maximum effort to fulfil the conditions for efficient
and accurate determination of movement and deformation of object in design phase it is often
a case in the phase of project realization that some influences could decrease the quality of
measurements.Negative influences on basic aims arise as a result of changes in network,
changes of object or changes of terrain where objects is set on which, as a result, have
consequence in impossibility of full measurement plan realization or the position change of
networks points. This paper aims to represent research of some special geodetic networks
from the aspect of deformation analysis of objects in case when significant changes occur in
their design
Keywords: special geodetic networks, design of geodetic networks, engineering objects

. , ..., ,milantri@eunet.rs
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max

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sred

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, ., , ..: ,
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, , 1989
Caspary, F.W.: Concepts of Network and Deformation Analysis, Monograph 11,
School of Surveying, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, N.S.W.,
Australia
Perovi, G.: Least Squares, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Belgrade, 2005

298

 1, 2, 3

,
,

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROJECTOR, CONTRACTOR,

SUPERVISOR IN IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF INVESTMENT BUILDING
Summary:
Projector, contractor, supervisor which are linked together form a knot quality
visionary necessary factors for evaluating potential investments in project
construction. In the context of this relationship is the subject of these events: the
investor and the end user object. This is a very complex and responsible task, and all
actors are equally important and interdependent
Keywords: Forms of relationship, projector, contractor, monitoring, construction
investment structure, investor, end-user.
1
2
3

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299

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Figure 1 - The railway standard socio-political community, the backbone of the prosperity of
state capital

300

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Figure 2 - Offer and demand of actors construction
301

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Figure 2 - Contracting values

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4.

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303

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Figure 5 - Cranes in the service of the works in front of the dam

6
Figure 6 - Hydrotechnical works on accumulation lake
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304

 7
Figure 7 - Excavation using the appropriate machinery

Figure 8 - Breakthrough of the tunnel with adequate ventilation

5.


305

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2002./2003.
[4] , /. //,
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[I]
, /. //, , ,
1981.
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1995.
[III] 1., /. //,
, , e o, ,
1985.
[IV] , /. //,
, , 2004.
[V] , /. //,
, , 2003.
[VI]
, ... . , /. //,
, , 2008.

306

 1 , 2, 3

ASSET MENAGEMENT-

:

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ASSET MENAGEMENT IN WATER UTILITIES

Summary:
Asset management is a framework for system management. The first step and
starting basis in Asset management is forming the RIS which means daily updating
and integration of more different data basis. By forming RIS you get organised zone
management, consumption management, analysis of commercial data, status
assessment, financial analysis, reconstruction and rehabilitation as well as the
possibility of improvement of investment planning. The result of all these activities
would be the improvement of water utility services.
Keywords: data analysis, zone management, consumption

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307

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Civil Engineering Laboratory, Lisbon, Portugal
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314

Miroslav Malinovi1

CONTRIBUTION TO DISCUSSION ON RECENT

ARCHITECTURE IN OFM BOSNA ARGENTINA
Summary:
The work deals with the valorisation of recent undertakings in the sacred
architecture of three convent sites in the Province OFM Bosna Argentina: Sesvetska
Sopnica, Plehan and Petrievac, which are the works of architect Sreko Kreitmayer,
and academicians Zlatko Ugljen and Ivan traus, respectively. The architecture that
is being built is contextualised in the contemporary courses, and the work itself,
besides the sole presentation of the projects, introduced novelties, design principles,
advanced structural concepts and functional schemes, offers also critical reviews of
the current image of sacred architecture in the Province.
Keywords: architecture, the Franciscans, OFM Bosna Argentina

:

:
, ,
, , .
,
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.
: , ,

MSc M , . . . , , o- . , ,
. mmalinovic@agfbl.org

315

1 INTRODUCTION
This work does not tend to give supportive or negative comments on the architecture which
is in its focus; on contrary, it is supposed to give thorough overview of the contemporary
architectural ideas produced by some of the leading local architects, some in-depth information
about interesting details, and besides others, provide the closer look to the projects in general.
The history of the Franciscan Province Bosna Argentina and the sites concerned in this paper is
far more complicated than the provided volume of this work, reaching all the way to the
Middle Ages and the earliest historical facts of the Bosnian region. Therefore, it is important to
mention that this work obviously does not comprise these information, but knowledge about
that exciting and interesting data is a good prerequisite for understanding some basic ideas in
the architectural tradition and principles in the Province. Nevertheless, it does not make this
work any less valuable, it is to contribute to the whole idea of importance of this topic.
The selection of the projects is the matter of direct choice, as these three here presented and
depicted, are actually the largest and the most important construction sites out of all 19
convents locations in Bosna Argentina. Truth to be said, there are other active sites, like
Provincial Headquarters in Kovaii, Sarajevo, convent and parish church in Jajce, convent in
Gua Gora etc, but those do not offer as much representative and valuable data as these three in
Sesvetska Sopnica, Plehan, and Petrievac.
The work will not deal with the theoretical approaches of the architects, nor it will discuss
about some common topics like the actual need for such undertakings, financial aspects of the
projects etc, it will only open the most important questions for further discussions and try to
reach the real importance of these projects in the light of contemporary architecture in the
Provincial, and general sacred European levels, providing the original contribution of this
paper to the discussions about the sacred architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

2 THE ARCHITECTURE OF THREE CONTEMPORARY PROJECTS

IN OFM BOSNA ARGENTINA
2.1 THE CONVENT OF SAINT ELIAS AND THE PARISH CHURCH OF OUR
LADY OF ANGELS, SESVETSKA SOPNICA
The historical background that covers the only convent belonging to Bosnian Franciscans in
Croatia is actually the shortest in the Province. It dates back to 6th June 1991, when the parish
was established by Archbishop of Zagreb, Cardinal Franjo Kuhari on 6th June 1991, and
immediately entrusted to the friars of OFM Bosna Argentina. For almost 10 years, this parish
did not have its own parish church, nor a parish house, so that the local Cultural centre was
used for those purposes. The Province soon bought one administrative building in Podsused,
which was soon canonically established as the official Franciscan Convent of OFM Bosna
Argentina on 25th March 1994, and later consecrated and devoted to Saint Elias by Cardinal
Kuhari, on 7th May 1994.
In November 2000, the friars managed to buy a new construction lot in Sesvete, and initiate
one of the largest construction and spiritual projects in the Province ever. It is a huge project
comprising the parish church and the parish house, the convent and the pastoral and cultural
centre, done by the team gathered around born Bosnian, now prominent Slovenian architect,

316

Sreko Kreitmayer. It announced the ultimate moving of the Convent of Saint Elias from
Podsused to Sesvete, which happened recently.
The project for the new complex comprises a number of functions and facilities, organized
together to make one of a kind centre, probably unique in the region. It could be, however,
compared to the new project for a multi-purpose centre in Plehan.
Architect Sreko Kreitmayer is the author of the final project, which is dated in 1999, and
followed with a comprising textual document depicting the authors ideas on the general theory
of sacred facilities in the contemporary era, as well as its reflections to the approach to this
certain project. [1]
Kreitmayer, according to his words, tried to reproduce the scenes from the historical
models, and reinvent them in the contemporary context, using the present structures, instead of
the already known visual symbols creating the unique sacred space. One of the ideas was to
maintain the relationship between the sacred and public space, which is recently brought to the
discussions in the context of changed life terms and human needs.
The complex consists of the parish church and the 2-winged convent, linked with the parish
house. The church is oriented southeast-northwest, with the entrance on the southeastern side,
and the altar on the northwestern side. On its southern side, the semidetached bell tower is set,
as well as the chapel, laid on the ground floor level. The eastern side of the church holds the
link to the parish house, which connects two wings of the convent, and all together outline two
inner courtyards.
The church is conceived as an irregular, leaning, truncated cone, built over the egg-shaped
base, and erected in the outlines of the historical human shelter tent. The truncation on the
top provides not only the natural light, but the direct link to the heavenly heights, symbolizing
overwhelming motive of the direct link of the congregation with the God. As Kreitmayer says,
the glass dome on the top of the cone represents the non-materialistic crown of the building and
the human movement towards the spiritual. The inner shell is perforated: in the altar zone the
perforations are on the decorative level, growing to the huge structural openings towards the
chapel, entrance galleries, and the parish house surrounding the main nave. Other light
sources, important to comprehend the idea, are set behind the altar. At the height of the human
eyes, directly behind the priest, the altar zone is discretely closed with the stained glass
windows, allowing the diffused lightening, and still providing the link between the outer and
inner space. In the vertical axis of the altar, the outer shell of the cone is dramatically cut with
huge vertical opening. In the altar zone, just below the opening, The Crucifixion is set.
According to the initial project, the altar should have held additional stained glass windows,
standing in front of the faade wall, and flank the direct light and the view towards the outer
space, instead of the stained glass windows set directly on the faade. Besides those details,
some others are also interesting, like one of a kind, horse shoe-shaped platform, allowing the
insight view of the interior and the altar from completely reinvented positions. The overall
impression of light and simple space inside is supported with discrete shades of white and grey
colour, delivering the initial architects idea.
The church, with the semidetached bell tower, is the central figure in the project. The bell
tower raises prominently in the surrounding landscape of post-war violently urbanized
neighbourhood, defining probably the least regular line within the context. In the corner
between the tower and the church, there is the chapel, with the similar treatment of the interior
light and the impression of a link between the interior and the exterior space. The entrance to
the very church is done over the transparent vestibule, actually the ciborium, reflecting the

317

initial architects idea of returning to the early Christian roots. The whole ensemble is a bit
elevated from the immediate surrounding allowing a more prominent position and adequate
viewing of the site, from the perspective of the visitor. The church is materialized with the
sheets of stainless steel, supporting the virtual scenario of the only shining star in the skyline.
The south-western side of the complex is outlined with the linear water ditch with the
installations of the Via Crucis, shimmering above the water, with the Cross as the final
element, set in the extended position of the ditch, and visible from the church, through the altar
openings. On the western side of the Via Crucis, the geometrical garden is designed.
The rest of the complex, the parish house and the convent, is set on the north-eastern side of
the ensemble. The parish house is directly linked to the church, and furthermore represents the
virtual bridge to the convent. Convent comprises two linear wings, which are oriented to the
less public side of the future complex. All buildings have the basement, ground, and two floors
above. The architecture of those buildings is carefully designed not to prevail over the church
and its own visual integrity. Two wings of the convent, are interconnected with smaller
building parts, making two inner courtyards, with similar geometrical structure as the generous
enclosure. Even here, Kreitmayer tried to preserve a certain level of reminiscence to the
historical models of the sacred housing facilities, but in reinvented language and the mutual
position within the overall context.
After the acquisition of the construction site, the works started very soon. The site was
blessed by Archbishop of Zagreb, Cardinal Josip Bozani, on 15th July 2001. As expected, the
construction of such an ensemble is feasible only in stages: by now, the church with the
underground crypt and the side chapel is erected, as well as the parish house, now used also as
the convent. The prominent entrance, ciborium-based idea, also got its shape. The rest of the
building parts, landscape architecture, surrounding roads and parking lots are still to be done.
In the interior of the church, artistic decoration and some detailed projects are still
undergoing. The stained glass window with the motive Annunciation of the Lord was done by
uro Seder, while Mile Blaevi did the sculpture of Saint Anthony of Padua and the bronze
entrance door. Just recently, the inner shell of the church, with a perforated structure, was
installed.
Similarly to other uncompleted pieces of contemporary architecture, here is also quite
difficult to give unbiased thoughts on the non-finished architecture, and its possible reflections
to the initial idea and use. It is, however, one huge idea, made from scratch and designed to be
a complex that will serve not only as a simple Sunday-gathering place, but important
ecumenical meeting point within the regional context. In the perspective of the OFM Bosna
Argentina, this project represents an outstanding legacy for the future generations that are still
to come and enjoy the fruits of the present labour.
From the architectural point of view, this remote site, set on the far western part of the
Province, represents a worthy entrance gate to the Province, and maybe traces the path of the
future design principles in the Province. It is clear that the distance from the Provincial
headquarters, and the completely different context within which the site is being built, is
reflected in the architecture, but that is the only precedent in the era of, some would often say,
repeating and dull theories in the contemporary architecture.
2.2 THE CONVENT AND THE PARISH CHURCH OF SAINT MARC, PLEHAN
The unfortunate stream of historical events in the last civil war in Bosnia heavily influenced
the Convent of Saint Marc. On 2nd July 1992, extremists dynamited the site and totally
318

demolished both the convent and the parish church, which represent an unpreceded event in the
newer Balkans history. This was the most comprehensive destruction of one Franciscan site in
Bosnia during the last civil war. Truth to be said, many others were also demolished, like
convent churches in Jajce or Petrievac, but in Plehan the case was that the whole complex was
destroyed, along with the majority of movable possessions, museum artefacts, artworks,
archive documents etc.
Shortly after the demolition, the architect Zlatko Ugljen was commissioned for the project
for the new complex. In 1993, Ugljen did one of his the foremost projects for OFM Bosna
Argentina. Later, the final project was done by Ugljen himself, and his close associates, Nina
Ugljen-Ademovi and Husejn Dropi, architects that are the co-authors of a number of his
recent projects. The Convent of Saint Marc is temporary situated in the former farm building
northern from the initial complex.
The works on the complex started just in 1998, when Friar Ivan uri set off with the
preparation works on the cleaning of the remains of the old buildings. The foundation stone
was blessed by Pope John Paul II, and laid down on 23rd June 2001 by Archbishop of
Vrhbosna, Cardinal Vinko Pulji.
The complex that was designed in 1993 is still under the construction; precisely on its
beginning. Therefore, that makes it rather complicated to analyse a partly built complex of
extreme importance. The proposed ensemble consists of three built structures: Parish Church,
Convent, and the Cultural Centre, set in a way to outline the central lapidarium designed to be
the multifunctional opened space.
The convent and the cultural centre are virtually spilled over the landscape, following its
shape and maintaining its immediate course making the landscape opening for the church
complex that should dominate the surrounding area. The church comprises several parts. First
one is the opening bell tower, in the form of the campanile, detached from the church, but
linked to it with huge glass-covered narthex. On each of the sides, smaller structures with
functions of administrative zone on the northern, and the chapel on the southern side of the
narthex are designed. These buildings, along with the western church facade will be outlined
with the wall, marking one of a kind inner courtyard as the front scene of the church. The
church is a superstructure with the circular floor plan that transforms to irregular square on its
top base, which is done by cutting southern and western sides of the ground circle or to
present it more precisely: it is the partial intersection between huge cylinder and inscribed
cube. That structural detail, along with suspended square glass openings on the roof, allowed
Ugljen to produce a unique atmosphere inside with the magnificent effects of zenithal
illumination the topic that is represented all over the complex. Furthermore, the inner floor
plan reveals the square base and interesting structural and decorative details of wall design and
roof suspension systems.
Another part of the complex is the convent, situated eastern from the church, linked to it
over the covered porch behind the main altar similar was seen in a demolished complex. The
convent consists of three buildings, which could be seen as independent ensemble, also
outlined by a square wall that should mimic the historical archetype of an inner courtyard of
the cloister. The buildings have variable number of levels, as some of them have different
treatment in the basement but above the ground, they are all pretty much flat and in
accordance to landscape configuration.

319

The cultural centre is, according to project situated on the north of the complex, where
today stands the temporary convent building former farm facility. It is shaped as a huge
cross, extending over the site, comprising the surrounding.
It still remains to see in what this complex will be transformed in the future. By now, only
the chapel and administrative buildings in the front yard are built and partially furnished
according to the project. The church is built and its envelope is completed entirely, as well as
the very basic structural segment of two convent buildings. All the rest, surrounding yard
walls, the third convent building, the cultural centre, the bell tower, as well as the elements of
landscape design are still to be built.
Unfortunately, this Franciscan site in Plehan holds the title of the most demolished site in
the last century in whole OFM Bosna Argentina. If not because of its representative
architecture, then because of all belonging pieces of art, paintwork, sculptures, furnishing, it
certainly represents one of the biggest losses in the recent history of the Province. Truth to be
said, there was nothing that original in the demolished buildings, but their importance on the
local, Bosnian level, made them specific and outstanding for the time being. New complex that
is being built is nevertheless even more magnificent and, some would say, incomparable to the
rest of contemporary architecture in OFM Bosna Argentina. Once it is finished, it will certainly
be the biggest site in the Province, but it is still to wait and comprise all the effects that it is
bringing, in order to properly analyse it and understand its values.
The movable properties belonging to the Franciscan convent of Saint Marc in Plehan are
registered as the permanent national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It consists of:
painting gallery with 395 pictures, sculpture gallery with 35 sculptures, 2 items of holy mass
dishes, and 5 items in archive records. [2]
2.3 THE PARISH CHURCH OF SAINT ANTHONY OF PADUA, PETRIEVAC
The contemporary Parish Church of Saint Anthony of Padua in Petrievac is the fourth
parish church that is being built on this site over the last 3 centuries. First one was built in
1884, and reconstructed in 1893, second one in 1928 according to project done by Misita-Bla
Katui, third one was built after the 1969-earthquake demolitions in 1973-1984 by prominent
Slovenian architects Janez and Danilo Frst. [3, 4, 5, 6]
Finally completed, even this church made it just over a decade. On 7th May 1995,
extremists set explosive devices on the church, bell tower, and convent. The church and the
tower were entirely demolished, along with its belonging objects, art pieces, and liturgical
equipment. Unfortunately, the ruins stood on the very same place until 2003, when on 22nd
June Pope John Paul II visited Banja Luka, beatified Ivan Merz, and gave his blessing to
foundation stone of the future church.
The fourth church in Petrievac is being built according to one of the most prominent living
and Bosnian architects at all, Ivan traus. Project for the new church in Petrievac is currently
last big project done by traus, and after several decades, the first one that he is doing in city
where he grew up.
It is one project of total design, within which traus did design not only for church, but also
for all the details, interior design, furniture, equipment Along with some other new convent
churches in Bosna Argentina that are being built at the moment this represents certainly
masterpiece of the sacred architecture in the Province. Actually, it is a smart project, very well
thought out in the context of earlier churches, historical events, status of the site, and liturgical
question in general.
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Design preserved some of the details from the last demolished church: position of the two
main entrances on the west, entrances, and the actual crypt, which basically survived the
demolition, as well as the relationship of the sanctuary within the context of the altar and the
rest of the church. In addition to that, two bell towers and connection to the convent with an
appropriate bridge is the reminiscence to the project done by Misita-Katui. [7]
Structural system and chosen material: concrete, are not separated from the general concept
and the idea of creating contemporary sacred mansion that offers same impression both inside
and outside, satisfying the liturgical requests and architects personal ideas. Single, opened
space in floor plan is similarly treated as in the old church, but now on a bit larger scale. Only
six rounded concrete columns are hiding in the space: four of them are holding the enormously
huge arched beams, which are crossing each other just above the sanctuary and holding the
entire complex gabled roof. Behind the sanctuary are the altar and sacristy, concealed behind
the wall; sacristy holds the entrances to the bell towers, which are located on its sides. At the
entrance to the church small chapel, which will probably be devoted to the latest deceased
Pope, Saint John Paul II is located. Some usual parts of the church are missing, like the choir,
but its absence is not noticeable. Via Crucis is proposed to be set on sidewalls, which is still to
be completed. Under the church, old and adapted crypt is also being equipped.
Outside, faades and structural elements have the similar role, very important effect and
contribute to the overall impressions. Rough concrete, now being fine plastered is, besides
glass and sheets of metal tin, the only material used for design. Each and every element is not
used just because of its pure utilitarian role, but to support the design ideas. Some would say
even too trivial, maybe the most important are the cross details, that are repeated all over the
church, especially at the entrance to the church and on the bell towers, restoring the identity of
existence of two bell towers on that very location. Also, surrounding landscape design, with
slopes around the church that are meant to be a path for certain liturgical celebrations, is
another important element of the design.
The overview of the important events in Petrievac in appropriate correspondence with
actual political and social situation in region shows the tumbling flow of the convents
development. Each of the regimes had its significant influence to the course of the history, but
nevertheless Franciscan authorities managed to steer the key points as they were supposed,
making one of a kind ensemble of multi-layered architectural fabric. Besides its extraordinary
architectural values, and outstanding original stylistic characteristics, very important architects
signed the projects, making everything even more impressive and original. Unfortunately, not
all built heritage of the convent is preserved up until nowadays, but remaining parts encourage
us that the Franciscan complex in Petrievac, once completed, will remain standing as one of
the brightest architectural stars in Bosna Argentina.

3 CONCLUSIONS
As it is aforementioned, this paper is not intended to open some of the common discussions
when the history of architecture is concerned, moreover it is not the template version of some
of the works with the historical background in the field of architecture. It is the work with the
aim to present the colourful display of current architecture in the Province, which has been the
role model of well-known stream of valuable architectural goods for last several centuries.
Although the unfortunate events from the last civil war led to the possibilities to build new

321

facilities for the friars and congregation, it is to praise the ability of the Franciscan authorities
how they managed to reach the circumstances to step into projects of this kind.
The more important is the recognition of these projects in terms of some universal values,
reaching beyond the usual sacred or specifically Catholic theories. The multi-purpose
background of two cultural centres depicted here testifies to it. The architects provided some of
the ideas that were not seen before in Bosnia, deleting some of the common borders and
outlines often linked to the strict rules of the sacred design. If one compares the sacred
architecture of Catholic Church in Bosnia in previous eras and these new projects, it can be
easily seen that contemporary projects stepped into something that is part of the outstanding
world architectural practise. Use of new materials, structural concepts, multi-functional usage
opportunities are all properties that are linked to the new projects, and exactly that makes the
new churches and convents more than just a Sunday-gathering place, it puts them in the role of
true public institutions, open to all confessions, places for contemplation and learning, outlined
in the architectural masterpieces.
LITERATURE
[1] Archive collection of architectural bureau STUDIO Kreitmayer, Ljubljana
[2] Privremena lista nacionalnih spomenika. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Commission to
preserve national monuments. 2003-2014. Web. 31 May 2014
[3] Secesijski armiranobetonski mostovi vukovarskog inenjera Frana Funtaka / D.
Damjanovi // Prostor Vol. 11 No 1 (25). 2003, Zagreb, 11-31.
[4] Mari, Franjo and Anto Orlovac. Banjoluka biskupija u rijei i slici od 1881. do 2006:
povodom 125. obljetnice utemeljenja Biskupije. / F. Mari, A. Orlovac // Biskupski Ordinariat
Banja Luka, 2006, Banja Luka, 535.
[5] Blago franjevakih samostana Bosne i Hercegovine: povijest, kultura, umjetnost, turizam,
prirodne znamenitosti. / M. Karamati, A. Niki, M. Njavro, M. Studen // Privredni vjesnik,
1990, Zagreb, 61.
[6] Convent and church projects. Archive of Franciscan convent of the Holy Trinity in
Petrievac, unknown date 1927-1997, Banja Luka
[7] Idejni projekat upne crkve Petrievac. / I. traus // Archive of Franciscan convent of the
Holy Trinity in Petrievac, 2007, Banja Luka
Choice of other, non-cited literature
A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method for the Student, Craftsman, and Amateur
/ B. Fletcher, Banister, B. F. Fletcher // Batsford, 1905, London
A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals / S. Kostof, G. Castillo // Oxford University
Press, 1995, New York
Entwurfsatlas Sakralbau. / R. Stegers, D. Baumann // Birkhuser, 2008, Basel
Europischer Kirchenbau: 1900-1950: Aufbruch zur Moderne. / W. J. Stock, A. Gerhards, H.
Schwebel, K. Kinold // Prestel, 2006, Mnchen
Restart: Arhitektura u Bosni i Hercegovini = Architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 19952010 / H. Ibelings, M. Jadri, I. traus, A. Rusan, S. Risaluddin, S. Kreso // Buybook, 2010,
Sarajevo
322

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GEOSPATIAL SENSOR NETWORKS IN PREVENTION OF

HAZARDS OF LANDSLIDES IN MUNICIPALITY GRADIKA
Summary:
Unprecedented amounts of rainfall in the area Potkozarje have caused a strong flood
waters that have resulted as the activation of landslides that have caused great
damage to infrastructure and property damage to buildings. By applying the system
for monitoring parameters that influence the occurrence and activation of landslides,
it could be reduced risks carried by a landslide. Systems for monitoring landslides
implemented in geospatial sensor networks, whose basic purpose is registration of
physical quantities measured on the sensors provide also precise and accurate data
and analysis of their observations.
Keywords: sensor, geospatial sensor, landslides

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World Disasters Report / International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies, 2009
Wireless Sensor Network for Disaster Monitoring / M. Ramesh // Amrita University,
India
Landslide monitoring by using sensor and wireless techniqus / S.Bhardwaj, M.Metha,
Y.Ahmed, M. Chowdhury // International journal of gematics and geosciences, 2014

330

Milica Igi1, Petar Mitkovi 2, Ivana Bogdanovi Proti3

REGENERATION OF FORMER INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES

INTO THE PARKS
Summary:
In the period of de-industrialization, industrial complexes, which were built in the
urban fabrics were abandoned and left as ruins. Large complexes located on the
sites of great value were fully destroyed. One of the solutions that are offered for
preservation of industrial monuments is regeneration of these complexes and their
functional conversion. This paper will discuss regeneration of industrial complexes
into the parks. Regeneration of former industrial complexes in parks solved the
problem of the lack of green spaces in cities and also infrastructure lines are left to
testify about past times and the importance of the industry to society progress.
Keywords: Urban regeneration, Industrial complexes, Parks in Industrial sites,
Revitalization of brownfield locations

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1
PhD student, University of Nis, Faculty of civil engineering and architecture, department architecture/urban planning,
Aleksandra Medvedeva street nr14, 18000 Ni, Serbia, milica.igic989@gmail.com
2
Mitkovi Petar, Full Profesor PhD, Faculty of civil engineering and architecture, department architecture/urban
planning, Aleksandra Medvedeva street nr14, 18000 Ni, Serbia, petar.mitkovic@gaf.ni.ac.rs
3
Bogdanovi-Proti Ivana, Senior assistent Mphl,Faculty of civil engineering and architecture, department
architecture/urban planning, Aleksandra Medvedeva street nr14, 18000 Ni, Serbia, ivana.bogdanovic@gaf.ni.ac

331

1 INTRODUCTION
With development and expansion of cities, industrial areas that were once on the periphery,
slowly coalesce into urban fabric of the city, thus creating a number of problems. First of all
there are negative ecological effects on the surrounding area, primary on the life and work of
people living in the city. Thus, their purpose is not in accordance with the space in which the
facilities are, and in these cases it is necessary to reconstruct these complexes and to convert
them in other functions, and it is possible to do that through the process of urban regeneration.
Urban regeneration or restoration, is a program of re-use and adaptation of land in areas of
moderate to high density of construction. Urban regeneration begins to apply at the end of the
XIX century, especially in developed countries. Intensive urban regeneration begins in mid-last
century, mainly under the concept of reconstruction. Urban regeneration is of great importance
for the urban development of cities. It has a lot of credit for changing the layout structure of
many important cities.
This paper discusses process of urban regeneration of industrial complexes on a specific
examples from different countries. As an examples are chosen Emscher Park in Germany,
French Parc La Villette and High Line park in USA. Further study will explain more detailed
the process regeneration, the situation before and after the intervention, and other facts relevant
to the new parks.
The aim of this paper is to show a specific example of a method of urban regeneration by
considering these parks as good examples. Analyzing these examples in the paper will be
pointed out that it is possible to perform good conversion without disturbing the surrounding
area. In addition, aim was also to point out the importance of these project, especially in
understanding the new concept of the parks of the 21st century.
The methods that are used in this paper are: analysis of the data collected, description of the
former and present state, case studies - a broader analysis of specific examples and synthesis making conclusions based on the facts previously analyzed.

2.

EMSCHER PARK IN GERMANY

Industrial area where it is today Emscher Park was founded in the XIX century for the
purpose of manufacturing of surrounding plants and mines. In that period Ruhr area was
converted into the area with the largest number of built industrial complexes in Central Europe,
with the expected highest level of environmental pollution. These complex worked until last 30
years when because of the restructuring entire complex stopped working and this devastated
area left as ruin to decay. Contamination of air and land is one of the major difficulties for the
process of the regeneration of an industrial area. The solution to this problem occurred in May
1989, when the government of the German made a decision to convert this area into the "park".
River Emscher is the centerpiece of the park and the bearer of the entire project of
regeneration. Park was formed from the industrial areas, and during the process of regeneration
it has been refined with beautiful landscapes, dozens of bridges and flexible, adaptive and
functional objects that are result from the former factory. Natural boundaries of this area are
the rivers Ruhr to the south, and the Emscher River on the north side. The location has an area
of about 800 square kilometers and includes 80 individual projects in 17 different cities
(Duisburg, Oberhausen, Mlheim, Essen, Bochum, Gelsenkirchen, etc.), with a population of
about 2 million inhabitants. Traffic connections are by public transport and a network of local
332

railway lines, and bicycle and pedestrian paths. The infrastructure is such that it allows
operation on the principle of large metropolis, in this case, as the metropolis that is a synthesis
of several small towns. (Figure 1.) 6

Figure 1 Map of the area of Emscher park with main infrastructure objects http://emscherlandschaftsparkblog.de/wp-content/uploads/ELP-Karte-1024x450.jpg

First phase during regeneration of the area was cleaning the river Emscher and main
goal was to change the awareness of the residents for this area. The project included
environmental rehabilitation, preservation and enhancement of industrial heritage and nature
conservation. Because of that it was proposed to create functional contents such as housing,
business, recreation, culture, art, commerce and public green spaces. Solving the problem of
pollution was the starting point in the regeneration, and in general to achieve better sociocultural and economic effects. Environmental remediation of Emscher Park has brought
primarily healthier environment, and set an example of good practice which contributed to the
development of awareness of people in the conservation of nature. Cleaning the river Emscher
and the greening of former industrial site, are some of the measures taken which caused
normalization of biodiversity and the development of new ecosystems in places where it almost
never happened.
Recognition and appreciation of industrial heritage, as part of the history of a city or
region, is one of the most important socio-cultural benefit which is achieved by urban
regeneration process. This way these complexes became more valuable as monuments of past
times which can testify about industrial period that had major influence on development of this
region. On the other hand, looking at the aspect of economic sustainability, the focus was on
the development of restaurants and tourist attractions that have become almost the biggest
sources of revenue. Employing local people during the regeneration of the area, but also during
its operation, it has a major impact on reducing the number of unemployed persons in the
region of Ruhr area. Strengthening of tourism within the preservation of industrial heritage has
led to very significant data that the number of overnight stays increased by 60.6% in the period
from 1990-2009. 5
Referring to the initial hypothesis about the socio-economic sustainable reconstruction
and regeneration of abandoned industrial complex along the Emscher river, the success of this

333

project lies in solving the problems of unemployment and the socialization of different social
groups, with the active participation of local people in the regeneration process. In order to
successfully socialize all social groups in the reconstruction of industrial heritage, it was meant
to fully preserve the spirit -identity of the city, in what was particularly important to protect
and revitalize the architectural buildings and vistas (shafts, cranes, bridges, chimneys. ..).
(Figure 2.)Last but not least important factor is evident and appreciation of new cultural values
and the ability to easily adapt to new social and cultural trends. 7

Figure 2 Part of Emscher park with infrastructure lines

http://www.dac.dk/media/32558/Emscher%20Park%20by%20dysturb,%20creative%20commons_cropped.jpg

3.

PARC LA VILLETE IN FRANCE

Park La Villete is located on the edge of Paris main center in the northeastern part of
the city. It is bordered by the Boulevard Priphrique (ring road around Paris) and the suburb
of Seine-Saint-Denis. It is set in the semi-industrial part of town, working-class district, which
borders the suburbs. Park covers an area of 125 hectares. During the XIX century the area of
La Villette is transformed from a small village into a major commercial crossroads of trade,
thanks to the development of canals that surround it. 1860 La Villette has become an integral
part of Paris. This area was popular for its markets, slaughterhouses and ports. This was meat
industry area with market and 5 slaughterhouse and areas for processing meat, where worked
more than 3,000 people. (Figure 3.)

Figure 3 Area of La Villete with former slaughterhouses in 60-ies

Figure 4 Area of La Villete today
Figure 3. http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/aerial-view-of-slaughterhouse-of-la-villette-in-paris-60snews-photo/89868334 Figure 4. https://martinfdc.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/overall1.jpg

334

These 5 slaughterhouses were successively dismantled between 1866 and

1868, and later they were replaced with a large complex of La Villette, which opened
for business in January 1867. In period between 1907-1970 there were initiatives about
the reconstruction of La Villette, but nothing ever came to realization. The Senate
considered modernization, as already discussed at the beginning of the century, and created a
commission of inquiry. The competition was organized in 1982/1983 and the winner was
architect Bernard Tschumi. Construction was in period 1984-1987. And entire area was
regenerated according winning proposal (Figure 4.). 1
A very important element, a key factor in the development of this area, are the two
channels that are intersecting - Channel Urk (l'Ourcq), which supplies water for the city of
Paris and the canal Saint Denis (St. Denis), which was used to transport cargo and goods. Some
of the great objects of slaughterhouses (Figure 5.) and channels for ships (Figure 6.), are
included in the solution of the park. Tschumis aim was that every observer in the park La
Villette experience space in its own way, in a special way, to have its own interpretation, its
own experience, creating numerous images, feelings and impressions. The aim of the new park
was to create a new area of focus and activity in the city and also to help process of
decentralization of city Paris. In this way, the main events are no longer just in the center, but
they are also spreading to the suburbs. The park is next to the recreation zone and it should
provide additional entertainment for citizens in the form of various games and cultural events.
La Villette is a model of the new park - the park of the 21st century. Its design is totally
different and even opposite the city's parks, which were built in France during the XIX century.
It is based on a way of life in the modern city, not the idealistic notion of introducing nature
into the urban fabric. The function of the park is no longer simply serving as a public open
space, it is a way of urban area of greenery and functions in existing urban core. Starting from
the status quo and created conditions, it is referred to a former industrial and commercial
complexes, Tschumi didnt chose method of fitting or adjustment of the existing situation and
its upgrading and conversion. The idea is not even contextually linked with the previous
appearance of the location. Therefore, many critics called his solution uncontextually. 4

Figure 5 Area of La Villete with former slaughterhouses in 60-ies

Figure 6 Area of La Villete today
Figure 5. http://mikoustudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/1-Place-de-la-villette.jpg
Figure 6. http://europeantrips.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Parc-de-la-Villette-The-Design.jpg

Since its completion in 1987, the park has become a popular attraction for residents of
Paris and many tourists. Every year the park is visited by over a million visitors. Park
335

represents a kind of symbiosis of culture and recreation in a very unusual manner characteristic
for architecture of the XX century. This project is very revolutionary for its program in the
world of architecture, and it is important in urban theory of the world because it opened the
way for numerous discussions on the theme of urban regeneration. The idea of conservation of
existing buildings and investing in them as part of a new urban-strategic mechanism has
become a trend in the world in recent years. This example of regeneration process has shown
that the regeneration of inherited form of urban metropolis in the urban areas can be
economically justified and some abandoned or adverse public spaces can get a brand new
unit - form. Park with its design attracted and continues to attract the attention of many critics.
This is the first and very brave step to park is not treated as part of the landscape that is greened
but as an urban form in the heart of the city. The park is divided in units that are fully
determined and dominant and distinctive in their own way and together make up a small
segment of the large continent-city. The city can function without park as well as park cannot
function without city as the architect realized and managed to achieve and to create an invisible
but unbreakable bond between two elementary urban forms. Today the park is the one of good
examples of the XXI century park that was created by converting urban markets in the green
zone. All criteria for recovery from the economic, social, ecological and social aspects are
taken into account as far as possible respected. 2

4.

HIGH LINE PARK IN NEW YORK, USA

High line Park is project for regeneration of railway in the urban core of Manhattan
island in New York. High line is an elevated rail structure build in 1930-ies. Its main purpose
was to deliver goods to Manhattan. (Figure 7.) It was working for almost 50 years and when
transportation by truck became more effective - trains lost their significance. Last train that
past this railway was in 1980. After that the railway was abandoned and left ruined (Figure
8.). Since then there were many initiatives for demolishing this site because the site became
mockery and ideal place for gathering of marginal groups and many gangs started to make their
bases in this area. But in the last years of XX century group of activists from nearby
neighborhood started to make campaign for preservation of this industrial infrastructure lane.
Project framework started in 2002. and final design was chosen by the end of 2005 and first
works started in 2006.. First section was opened in 2009., second section was opened in 2011.
and by the end of 2014. third section was opened. 3

Figure 7 High line area in working era

Figure 8 Abandoned railway
Figure 7. http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/pbcote/courses/archive/2010/gsd6447/bighorse/3251566112_0c290be70a_b.jpg
Figure 8. http://www.outnext.com/.a/6a00d8341f5c9853ef01156ffe4248970c-800wi

336

After many studies, it was obvious that demolishing could only cause huge costs and
pollution not only air but also ground contamination. Many of the buildings would lose their
purpose and this area would became same as many brownfield locations in the city. Thanks to
the very strong will of the friends of the high line this projects was implemented in the way it
was first planned. Main principles during design process were based on preservation of existing
condition and adjustment this infrastructure to all the visitors. Because park is elevated, beside
the stairs there are few elevators so persons with disabilities can visit this park. After opening
the park, many residential blocks were built so that this lane represents addition to their
courtyards. Tiling follows the rails and visitors have feeling like they are going over real green
railway. Along the park there are many benches which have excellent views on the ocean and
there are many widening areas predicted for event organization. Thanks to the big support of
the city and the help of many residents, this project was very quickly developed and in very
short time it became very popular around the world. The only material that was used is wood
and wild greenery and wood tiling creates unique landscape inside the concrete jungle as
New York is called. 9

Figure 9 High line area in working era

Figure 10 Abandoned railway
Figure 9. https://www.planning.org/china/presentations/2012/pdf/fisher.pdf Figure 10. http:// photo. andinadigital.
com/
gallery3 /index. php/Challenges_of_man_1366x768px_wallpapers_ hd_fondos_papel_tapiz/View_o
f_the_High_Line_ elevated_park _in_New_ York _ City

High line Park is designed as sustainable park and it represents special natural habitat
with very characteristic biodiversity. During the period of non working, this area was
completely abandoned and many wild greenery started growing so designers kept part of it.
Thanks to the structure of railways which is not solid, all of these plants can survive without
special treatment. Entire lane looks like green roof and it is very useful elevated park which
refines high density urban core. 10
5. CONCLUSION
Analyzing examples of three very successfully implemented projects of regeneration
of former industrial sites we can highlight what are advantages and disadvantages of these
processes. First of all, the big problem are legal and property relations and if someone has idea
for regenerating abandoned complex he must have full support of the authorities. That was the
case with High Line because until group of activists didnt get the help from municipality they
couldnt do anything. On the other hand, in Germany there is very high level of awareness for
this problem on the residential but also on the governmental level but even so, some period of
337

time is required until all the evaluations are done. Before any actions are taken, evaluation of
the heritage must be done in order that significant facilities and infrastructure lanes can be
preserved completely. Only in case of La Villete park, existing facilities where poorly saved
because entire park was done according modern principles without considering created state.
But on the other hand, those propositions were made by the government which organized
competition for park design. In all three cases, local residents were actively involved in
regeneration process and they had chance to make suggestions for design. All of these
examples were done years ago and still they represent point of admiration of many planners
and landscape designers. These regeneration processes were comprehensive and all the aspects
of natural environment and industrial heritage were taken into account in order to propose
unique and quality solutions. This way contaminated soil can be regenerated, lack of greenery
can be solved and also many people were involved and unemployment rate was reduced. All
the financial investments were through local budget and many non- governmental funds and all
the projects were done in phases sections depending on the financial situations.
Refining natural landscape has shown as a very good solution for preserving industrial
heritage and promoting eco development. In our country there are many potential sites which
could be regenerated as well as examples analyzed in this paper. The biggest problem, beside
financial, is very low level of awareness of residents and completely unresolved legal and
property relations because of private public ownership.
REFERENCES
1
Cingramme folie: le Parc de la Villette/ B. Tschumi//Princeton Architectural Press,
1987
2
Parc
de
la
Villete/
T.
Nickerson//
published
on
web
site
http://people.umass.edu/latour/France/nickerson/
3
Reclaiming the High Line is a project of the Design Trust for Public Space, with
Friends of the High Line/ J. David// Ivy Hill Corporation,2002
4
The Park of La Villete Urban Park as a building/ C. Betsy//Places, Volume 4, pp 5256,
5
Transformation of Industrial Heritage - an Example of Tourism Industry Development
in the Ruhr Area (Germany)/ S. opi, J. orevi, T. Luki, V. Stojanovi, S.
ukiin, S. Besermenji, I. Stamenkovi, A. Tumari// Geographica Pannonica
Volume 18, Issue 2,June 2014, 43-50
6
http://www.dac.dk/en/dac-cities/sustainable-cities/all-cases/green-city/emscher-parkfrom-dereliction-to- scenic-landscapes/
7
https://www.bezregmuenster.de/startseite/abteilungen/abteilung5/Dez_51_Natur_und_Landschaftsschutz_Fischere
i/Oepel/Raeumlicher_Foerderschwerpunkt/Masterplan_Emscher_Landschaftspark_2010/index.
html
8
http://www.ruhrgebietregionalkunde.de/erneuerung_der_infrastruktur/freiraum_und_gruenflaechen_/emscherpark.ph
p?p=2,4
9
http://www.thehighline.org/about
10
https://www.planning.org/china/presentations/2012/pdf/fisher.pdf

338

 .1

:
2014.
.
,
, , , , ,
. .
.
.

.
.
: , , ,

THE REGULATION OF TORRENTIAL STREAMS

Summary:
Rainfall and floods in May and August 2014 have caused
effusion on a large
number of torrential streams in the urban areas. After passing
wave
of
flooding as a result of the field had large amounts of suspended materials, damaged
bridges, culverts, roads, damaged coast, residential and commercial buildings.
Caused huge damage. In the future, this issue terbati give away far more attention.
The community will need to allocate funds for critical editing watercourses.
Designers will also need to take more care on the assessment of large amounts of
water and dimensioning object. Contractors will also have to take more care about
the quality of construction of the subject objects.
Keywords: rainfall, flooding, high water, torrential streams

. ... , ...

339

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( ,
)
( 2014. ).
,
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1.
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340

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2014. .

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341

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2.

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, W G 2012.
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(3/)
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2012.
2012.

596.105,41
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414.940,81
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258.168,57
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723.455,02
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.
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3.
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(
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, .
() SCS (Soil Conservation
Service)
1957. ., , ,
.
CN : CN
, SCS (Soil Conservation
Service USA, , 1957. ).


. :
343

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, ;
B:
;
C: ,
D;
D: ( ):
,
.

,
, ()
(

.
:
= 0,0195 (

L
I

) 0,77

1
(); L - (), I (/)
60

:
0 = 1,864 F 0,39 J -0,31 (): F - (km2), I (%)
: = 0,70 (0+20)1/8
: = (

Tk
3
(); ()
+ 0)
2
2k

: = (1+) ()

( P 0,2d ) 2
Pe (mm): =
P 0,8d
1000
- 10) (mm)
d = 25,4 (
CN
d (mm) -
CN
:
CN =

pi

CNi 100

Q (m3/sek) : Q =

344

0,56 xPexF
Tb


( ).
3.2.2.
Qmaks= A

32
(m3/sek)
0,5 A

-
( 0,6 2,0, 1,0)
3.2.3. Hofbauera
Qmaks=A

60
(m3/sek)
A

- , 75%
1000 =0,50
3.2.3.

Q 20 A A (m3/sek)
=1,1,
A=0,9, ,
=0,94,
3.2.4.

Riha ( )

Qmaks=qA1 21 2 (m3/sek)
q =14 m2/sek/km2, ,
A=6,94 km2,
1=0,68,
2=0,90, ( )
1=0,90 (1/4 )
2=0,90 ( )
3.2.5.

Qmaks=k0S1S2 W 2gDA (m3/sek)

k0=0,195

O
L

k0 ; O - ; L
S1=0,4ap+0,7app+anp
ap (%)
app (%)
anp (%)
345

S2=0,6a+0,8at+ag
a (%)
at (%)
anp (%) , .
W
W= yh2/L h(15-22h-0,3L )

h

2 gDA (g=9,81 m/s2)

D=Nsr - Nu (Nsr
m;
Nu
Nsr = (a1h1+ a2h2+ a3h3+ ..... + anhn)/A
a1, a2.a3 .....an
(km2)
h1, h2.h3 .....hn
(m)
, (km2)
4.

,
,
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2024. ,
:
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( ) ,
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[1]
[2]
[3]

/ //
, , 1972.
/ // , ,
2008.
/
2007/60

346

[4]
[5]
[6]

//
, 2014.
2024. / //
, 2012.
/ //
, 2005.
/ //

347

 1, 2, 3

:

2014. .
.
,
,
.

, - .
: , , , , .

NECESSITY
FOR
MAKING
THE
LANDSLIDE
SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE
REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Summary:
The paper points out the necessity of landslide susceptibility map preparation in the
Eastern part of the Republic of Srpska which is, after the floods in May 2014, the
most affected by landslides and where the material damages are extremely high.
This fact is not surprising, taking into account that this area is characterised by very
complex geological setting, susceptible to the development of landslide processes,
and that precipitation in May 2014 was about three times higher than long-term
averages. Making of the landslide susceptibility map is the first and the most
important step for the landslide hazard and risk assessment, which will be of great
importance for the future spatial planning.
Keywords: landslides, susceptibility, hazard, risk, Republic of Srpska.

, ., , e-mail: c.sandic@geozavodrs.com
.., , , e-mail: d.mitrovic@teol.net
3
.., , , e-mail: k.leka@geozavodrs.com
2

349

1
,
. ,
.
,
( 1). 2014. ,
3000 .
( , , ,
),

.
.
.


(landslide susceptibility map) .
,
.

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350

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351

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3


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[1].
352


, , ,
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, . ( 3).

3
( )

. 2014.
(1514 ),
(532), (120), (111), (
100), (75), (70) .

353

,
. 20-

.
(landslide susceptibility map)
,
( ), ,
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(. ), [2].
.
.

( 4).

. ,
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HP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) ,
[4] .
354

 ,
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, .).
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.
,
1:25 000,
.
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- (DEM);
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e HP

( 1).
(1):
n

M AHP wi Fi

(1)

i 1

wi ,
Fi (layer) 1.
1 AHP
Fi

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Te
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1
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1
=1

355


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, .

[4],
.
(layer)

.
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5


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,
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, ,
.

(layer-) , (layer)

.


.

[3]. ,
,
, .

/ // ,
2012, , 1-27.

/ . // 33 1, ,
2012, , 173-189.

Landslide inventory maps / F.Guzzetti, el.al. // Earth-Science Reviews 112, Elsevier,

2012, 42-66.

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Decision Making / R. Saaty // Creative
Decisions Foundation, 2003, Pittsburgh.

356

-

:
-
.


.
.
solid,
.
: ,

NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

SLAB SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS
Summary:
Reinforced concrete slabssupported by columns without beams have a
greatapplicationin industrial buildings. Those slabs also have many disadvantages
when we take into consideration the punching shear capacityin slabs near columns.
This paper presentssugestions for modeling nonlinear behavior of concrete slabs
supported by columns using appropriate softvers.The slab should be modeled as a
3D (solid) element, with reinforcement as embedded in mother element
(concrete)and using smeared crack model.
Keywords: punching shear capacity, nonlinear modeling

.. , . 6, 78 000 , -mail:ivanacurguz1@gmail.com,

357

1

.

.


. -
. .

.

.
.
.

2
2.1 PBAB87
PBAB 87
. [PBAB] :

:

max
Okp
hs

().
db

hsr /2

dp

hsr /2

hsr

d kp

hx

hy

hsr /2

d s hsr /2

1. PBAB 87

358

2.2 2
2
:
:

1.5

(Mpa)
2

.
() 2d. ,

.

2.

359

3.

3
3.1
.
, ,
.
,
.

.

.

.
,

.

.
3.2

.
360


, .
()
.
:




: Newton-Raphson-, NewtonRaphsonov, BFGS .
. Newton-Raphson-

. NewtonRaphson-
.

4.Newton-Raphson-, Newton-Raphson-

.

.


.


[9].

361

 . snap-through.

.
3.4

.
SOLID
3D e.
interface
.
0.2l () .
.
(=0 0)
.
.

.

.
TNODIANA hr-Cooulomb-,
Drucker-Prager- .
resca-o ili Von
Mises- .
.

.


[5].
.
3.5


P-u
.

362

 5. P-u
,

.

6.

4

-
.

.

.

[1]
EN-1992-1-1:Eurocode 2-Design of Concrete Structures: Commonrules and rules for
buildings/European committee for standardization, 2004.,Brussels.

363

[2]

Finite Element Simulation on Punching Shear Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Slabs

/A. K. M. Jahangir Alam, K. Mahmud Amanat / International Scholarly Research
Network, ISRN Civil Engineering, Volume 2012, Article ID 501816.

[3]

/ . . /
, , 2000. , .

[4]

/ . /
, , 2007. , .

[5]

/ . , . , . / 65,
2013. , . 331-344.

[6]

Nonlinear FE Analysis of Shear Behaviour in Reinforced Concrete /M. Martin/

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chalmers University of
Technology, Master's thesis, 2007,Gteborg, Sweden.

[7]

Punching shear inReinforced Concrete Slabs Supported on Edge Steel Columns /S.
Ericsson, K. Farahaninia/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Chalmers University of Technology, Master's thesis, 2010.Gteborg, Sweden.

[8]

- 87/
, 1995, .

[9]

Shear Distribution inReinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Slabs /A. Kupryciuk, S.

Georgiev/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chalmers University of
Technology, Master's thesis, 2013, Gteborg, Sweden.

[10]

TNO DIANAUsers manual/ TNO DIANA, 2012. Delf, The Netherlands

364

 1 2 3

:
A ,

.
.

. (C8, FE).
,
tabs,
.
: , a , tabs

ACCIDENTAL TORSION IN SYMMETRICAL STRUCTURES

Summary:
Analyses of damage on buildings after the earthquake showed the many examples
that damage to the outer corners of buildings may be of significant scale and with a
dominant symmetrical buildings. Such damage is definitely a consequence of
rotational displacement structure. Commenting on this phenomenon, the paper
describes the causes of these phenomena as well as methods for their description. It
is provide an overview of regulation (EC8, FEMA). Through numerical models of
structures of different translational stiffness, performed in ETABS software package,
it is shown in size participation accidental torsion in the overall response of
symmetrical structures exposed to seismic effect.
Keywords: accidental torsion, symmetrical structures, ETABS
1
. . ., , , -mail:
zarkolazic87@live.cm
2
. . ., , , -mail:
koneskizoran@gmail.com
3
. . ., -mail: stanojevic.j@gmail.com

365

1 (ACCIDENTAL ECCENTRICITY)
1.1
, ,

,

.
,
.
1.2


( , ...)
() () .
,
.
( )
,
, ,
,
-.
1.3

. ,
, Newmark (1969).
Rosenblueth i Elorduy (1969)
.


.
, ,
.
1.3.1

.

.

.

366


.


, Mai =eai * Fi .

.
1.3.2
,

.
,
.

.

,
.

.

2 (EC8, FEMA)
2.1 EC8
8 (
) (

)

:
(1)
eai 0.05 Li

eai - i
, ;

Li - .

( ) ,

, ,
, :

367

 1 0.6

x
Le

(2)

,

;

Li

,
.
,
,

eai

u izrazu (1) (2),

0.6 (2) 1.20 .

,
(1)

M ai

oko vertikalnih osa svakog sprata i

M ai eai Fi

(3)

M ai - i (
);
eai - i (1)
;

Fi - i, .

( ).
,
(2),
.
2.2 FEMA FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
FEMA-, ,
, M ta
,
5%
.
SDC-a(Seismic design category) C,D,E ili F,
1a i 1b (Sl.1), (T1),
M ta Ax :
368


Ax max
1.2
avg

(4)

max - x Ax 1 ;

avg - x
Ax 1 .
:
( )
.
Ax 3.0.
.
1.

Ax

369

 1. Ax (4)
(L/B),
( )
. .
0.05L.
3
3.1
3.1.1
,
15x20m ( 5m ). 5
, . .(3)
.

3
.4 :
4.
[cm]
u X
u Y
C1
C2
C3

M1
25/50
25/50
45/45
45/45
45/45
15

M2
25/50
25/50
45/45
25/45
45/45
15

M3
25/50
25/50
65/65
45/65
65/65
15

M4
25/50
25/50
75/75
45/75
75/75
15

M5
25/50
25/50
85/85
45/85
85/85
15

8,
Etabs.
.
3.1.2

, .

370

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0.3g.
.(4) :
1,5

1,2

(g)

0,9

0,6

0,3

0
0

t(s)

S1-Eurocode-8-2004

S2-ARRAY01

S3-HOLLISTE01

S4-LEXINGT01

S5-LEXINGT02

S6-YERMO01

S7-YERMO02

4
3.2

6,00

S-1
S-1+Ecc
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[m]

S-2+Ecc
S-3
S-3+Ecc
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3,00

S-5+Ecc
S-6
S-6+Ecc
S-7
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0,00
0

12,5

25

37,5

50

[mmx10]

5 3
( )

371

 [m]

6,00

T-2
T-3
T-4

3,00

T-5
T-6
T-7

0,00
0

15

30

45

60

[mmx10]

6 3

12,00

S-1
S-1+Ecc
S-2
S-2+Ecc
S-3

[m]

9,00

S-3+Ecc
S-4
S-4+Ecc

6,00

S-5
S-5+Ecc
S-6
3,00

S-6+Ecc
S-7
S-7+Ecc

0,00
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

[mmx10]

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( )
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T-7

3,00

0,00
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

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200

[mmx10]

8 5

372

225

[mmx10]

250
200

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ecc

150

100

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373

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[1]
[2]
[3]

[4]

[5]
[6]

/ Newmark, Rosenblueth / "

" 1987.
/ ., ., ., A.Szavits-Nossan,
. / " " 1990.
An alternative procedure for accidental eccentricity in dynamic modal analyses of
buildings / Y.M.Fahjan, C.Tuzun, J.Kubin / Firs European Conference on Earthquake
Engineering and Seismology, 3-8 September 2006, Geneve, Switzerland
Eurocode 8: Seismic Design of Buildings / P.Bish, E.Carvalho, H.Degee, P.Fajfar,
M.Fardis, P.Franchin, M.Kreslin, A.Pecker, P.Pinto, A.Plumier, H.Somja, G.Tsionis /
JRC Scientific and Technical Reports 10-11 Feb.2011, Lisbon
/
., . / 62, .951-957, 2010, ,
CSI Etabs 2013 Integrated Building Design Software / manual / 2013.

374

ejaa Mo1, aa 2

EE AO EJA EA, AE
OO AOJA A OO EOA EE AAA OA
:
ee je ae oo a je aae / o a e
oa oee . aj
a eoa eo a e ae eoa, ee ao
ooa ooea ea a aoo eje e
eaja a eo. Taoe, ee e
oa oa aaa eajaa. Oaj
a eaa a aaa oa a
o eea a e, o aee eae .
e e: ee, ea eaja, aoa o

CEMENT AS CHEMICAL MIXTURES, CONSTRUCTION

PRODUCTS AND COMPONENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
CONCRETE - REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF REGULATION
IN THE RS
Summary:
Cement is a construction product for which placing and/or making available on the
market of RS should be carried out conformity assessment procedure. Bearing in
mind the climatic and geographical features on the place of embedding of concrete,
cement, as the main component of concrete, should met the criteria of technical
specifications for concrete. Also, for cement should be provided additional
information in accordance with legislation in the field of chemicals. This paper
presents a multidisciplinary approach in considering the conditions for making
availiable of cement on the market, through the prism of current regulations in the
RS.
eywords: cement, technical specification, national regulation
1
2

, , e-mail: dejana.milinkovic@cis.org.rs
, , , e-mail: biljana.ilic@institutims.rs

375

1 O
o aa oajeo, ooo je ea e oe ee eea, ooo
ee aejaa a a ooa, aa, aa ojeaa. O o
oej ooo oa oja oja, ee aeja oo a
eoae oe, oo e aa eaa, e eaaj o
eoae e aa, e jaa e a eee, oojae aee,
a e o ooa ee a. aoo ojo ao ooaa ee
a oa oaja oa ojaa oe o oe ee ee
aejaa.
e a je ee eoa aa ae oo oje a oa
ooe ooe eea. oe ee oa, ea ooa eea
oaa je o 50% oea 4 jae oa 2013. o [1],
9,4 % 2012. .
e
. , 2013. 1,2 %
2012. , 157,2 [1].

2
ee je oo oj e aje e aee ooe ooe
aee, j ae o ae o aea eea. oa ae
eea o a oaaa aea, ajeo a aea aea,
oe oo ao eao e aaa oeo oje.
2.1
ae oje oe aea, oa a ee oj e aa /
oje a e ee je oa ao o ae
eea (". a ", . 34/2013 44/2014). O oeo eea je
eooje e a [2], aae
ae a aa ae eea, eo ajo, oaaae, ao ae a
(TO), a oeaa ea eo
aaa.

( )
, j
oje , ,
,
, .
ao je eao 27 ooa aj o oa eeaa
:
CEM I - (>95% )
CEM II - - (65-94% )
CEM III - (5-64% )
CEM IV - (45-89% )
CEM V - (20-64% ).
376

aa aae ,
28 : ,
( 32,5; 42,5 52,5). oao, a
o ae aae oe o: a oe a
oo oeo oo, oaea oo N, a a oo oeo
oo, oaea oo R, a a o oeo oo, oaea oo
L. aa L e oe e ao a CEM III eee, ooo eae eee
e oee oe.
2.1.1

ae a aoje a oo eea

a aoj a oo eea :
oa-ee e (K);
aaa a oe e (S);
oa aeja (P, Q, V, W);
ea (L, LL);
aoe a (T);
aa a (D).
oe aoj oaj a ao ee, ooo oaa,
ooeoa, oe aee ao o oo aa ooe
oe e ej aajo a oeaaj oe eea a oo, a oj a
a a ooo eoa aea ea aa, a aj a
aae o ooje. ajee e oaj a eaa eea eaa eea,
ooaa eao ooe ooaa ojaa eea ao o
oao aaae oe [3].
ae ee aoe ao oeaa eo aojaa
o ea ee. oa, oo oe 20 oa oa ja a e
aajj o aa oao. Eao ooo oee aejaa
oaa, oj ae aea ao e ae oe ae aaa,
ao aea ea ea ee, ooe eeje
- , oo oee o
eoo ea o eaa aeooa oo oaa.
,
, aa a oe e oea ooe ea,
ee eeo oea ooe eeje aoeaa a oa
aeja oj ae e-, -, -, oae
oj eaj eae eee a aea eja o-eaa
oja eea, oj ao a, ae ojea, e eaaj oao o
ae o e.
2010. 1990. o 8,3
-a. ee a aaje ea
a a a aee,
e e [4].

377

2.1.2

,
1 2.
1 - ae oe ea ojaa
oa , MPa
aa
oe
32,5 L
32,5 N
32,5 R
42,5 L
42,5 N
42,5 R
52,5 L
52,5 N
52,5 R

oea
oa

oea eaa,
min

aaa
oa

2 aa

7 aa

10,0
10,0
20,0
10,0
20,0
30,0

12,0
16,0
16,0
-

Eaja,
mm

28 aa
32,5

52,5

75

42,5

62,5

60

52,5

45

10

2 - ae oe ojaa
ojo

eao
oaa)

a/T eea
CEM I
CEM III
CEM I
CEM III

aaj aa
(ao SO3)

CEM I
CEM II)
CEM IV
CEM V

a aee

aaj oa
oaa
ao

aa oe

aea)

e ae

5,0%

e ae

5,0%

CEM III)
e e)

32,5 N
32,5 R
42,5 N
42,5 R
52,5 N
52,5 R
e ae
e ae

CEM IV

e ae

a)

3,5%

4,0%
0,10%)
aooaa
ae

ae a ae oea ooo eea

Oeae eaoo oaa oooooj e aj-aoa.
)
ee a CEM II/B-T oe a a o 4,5% aa a e ae oe
)
ee a CEM III/C oe a a o 4,5% aa.
)
ee a CEM III oe a a e o 0,10% oa.
)
a e eaea ee o a oee ea aea. Ao je ao,
eo 0,10% aeje e oo o eo oja oa a e aaea oa.
)

378

ao oo o ee oaj a e oae aee oe

ej ojaa aaa ee Tae 3.
Taea 3 - oa ae a ao ooe oe eee
ojo

T eea

aa oe

(SO3)

PC-SR 0
PC-SR 3
PC-SR 5)
P 35-SR
P 55-SR

32,5 N
32,5 R
42,5 N
42,5 R
52,5 N
52,5 R

C3A
)

PC-SR 0
PC-SR 3
PC-SR 5
P 35-SR
P 55-SR
P 35-SR
P 55-SR

aea)
3,0%

3,5%
=0
3,0%
5,0%
9,0%

a)

ae a ae oea ooo eea ea

.
) a eja ae ee PC-SR 5 oe a e oo a aaje aa.
o aj oja eo oo aea a aaje aa oa a e aae a
oa.
) Meoa aa aaja C A e aao ooo eea je a aae. o
3
ojaaa oe eoe aaj C3A e e oa oe a oo aae ea
oj ooa.

2.1.3

ajo

o oooaa eoe eae oeo je o eea,

aoo oe a ae oe a ae ee ae oeo.
aa ee oa a e aao a ooaaj aaa a
eo SRPS EN 206-1 SRPS U.M1.206 oa oa oj ae a oee
ojea oje a e oee.
2.1.4

aaee aea a oeae aaeo eeaa o

aaa oe a e, j e eo eoa e
ee aaa:
SRPS EN 196-1 - Meoe aa eea - eo 1: ae oe;
SRPS EN 196-2 - Meoe aa eea - eo 2: eje aae eea;

379

 SRPS EN 196-3 - Meoe aa eea - eo 3: Oeae eea

eaa ao aee;
SRPS CEN/TR 196-4 - Meoe aa eea - eo 4: aao
oeae aojaa;
SRPS EN 196-5 - Meoe aa eea - eo 5: Oeae oae
ao a oae eee;
SRPS EN 196-6 - Meoe aa eea - eo 6: Oeae oe a;
SRPS EN 196-8 - Meoe aa eea - eo 8: Tooa aaje Meoa aaaa;
SRPS EN 196-9 - Meoe aa eea - eo 9: Tooa aaje eajaaa eoa;
SRPS EN 196-10 - Meoe aa eea - eo 10: Oeae aaja
oa aoo o (VI), ee;
SRPS EN 13639 - Oeae o oao ea;
ISO 9277 - ae ee oe ea aojo aa
oeo ET eoe;
SRPS B.C8.023 - ee - Oeae aee ae.
2.2 EE AO AOJA A OO EOA - AE
E AAO SRPS U.M1.206:2013
aa a
SRPS EN 206-1, - 1: , ,
, ae je aoa aa SRPS U.M1.206:2013 [5] oj:

;
SRPS EN 206-1
;

;
SRPS EN 206-1;

.
2.2.1


, , ,
, , ,
.
,

[6].
aoa aao e oa ae a
42,5 (S3, V2, C2, F3

380

4.2.1 SRPS EN 206-1) 32 mm

4.
4 42,5

32 mm

42,5 (kg/m )
200
260
300
320

C8/10
C12/15
C16/20
C20/25

[6]:
;
;
(. );
( );
;
.


CEM I CEM II/A-S. ,
CEM I CEM II/A-S,
,
, XA.


5.
2.2.2
,
, SRPS
U.M1.206 ,
(w/c)max, , (Dmax) 16 mm
32 mm, , ,
50 .
5.

381

 5
I -

(w/c)
max

II -

III -
IV -
XC4,
XD1,
XD2,
XA1,
XD1+XF2
XC4+XF3
XA2,
XM1
XM2

X0

XC1

XC2
XC3

XC2+
XF1

0,75

0,65

0,55

0,55

0,55

0,60
)

0,55

0,50

0,55
)

340

360

340

360

380

360

.
.
300
340
.
3
kg/m
)
(w/c)max

V
XD3,
XA3,
XM3

(XD2,
XD3)+
XF4

0,50

0,45

0,50

380

380

380

2.3 ,
,
, ooa eo
a, ooo o, ao ooa eo a je eoa a
eoje ee je, ao e oj aoae eea, je a
a oee oae
oaje oje e ooe a eaae eee eeaa o ae
o e, a a oa oj ej aaj, aoae
oeeaae eaja.
2.3.1

(VI) ee oe o oaje (III) ea oa a

oo eea ooa e, ooe aoa aejaa oj
ae o. eo e eoa oe oja je o a eeo, oae
ojae o oea ooe eea. eo je a oe e, o je
oeo a. aoeo [8] a e a o ojaj a ea,
aao oo eea aej ea,
eoae oo, oj e o oo , eea eae
o oea ee ea e oae o.
ooa eea a oe o oe o oe ae
a eaa aaa, je a oa oaa a 5-15 %
aa oj oae oa a eeo, oj a
(VI) ooeaj o aejo eaa
o ooea () 552/2009 , REACH
(Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) eaa E
aoa o
o ooaa.

382

oe o 1. aaa 2013. oe, a REACH

o a o oaea aaaa ooe, aaa oe
oea eaja, (". a ", . 90/2013 25/2015) j
[7]:
aaa aaa oe oee eea ea oje a ae ao
ao aaje (aea) ae e o 2 mg/kg ooo 0,0002% (m/m)
aoo oa (VI) oaao a a o eea;
aea oaaa o, o eo oaeea a aaa,
ao ee oaa eoa ea, e aaa oe, o a
aoaa, oa aea, ao oaa o eeo eo oe je
eoo eo ao oaa oeaje oa (VI) o
ae eo aeee a 1.;
oaae oaea aaa 1. 2. aa oe oe
eea ooa aoe ea oj oo
aoaoa, e oo oa eea ea oje ae ee a
oo.
a oeae aaja aoo oa (VI) ee eaa oje ae
ee oe e eoe ee aao SRPS EN 196-10 - Meoe aa
eea - eo 10: Oeae aaja oa aoo o (VI), ee [3].
oa (VI) ee e oo, o oo o oooo
ooaa, a jee ae, a a a e, oo a je
ao o ae eea oaa eoa ooa a eea
, o oo a, ajae a a oe.
2.3.2

a a oeaa aa o aaj, aoa, oeeaa

oaaa eaje oeeo ooa a a oao aooa
eo a aaj oeeaae (". a ", . 105/2013) a
ee eea oj je aoa e, e oao, oeo je ae:
- oaeea o oao (aa aj oe - H315; oo o eo
oeea oa - H318; Moe a aoe aeje eaje a o - H317; Moe
a aoe aj eao oaa - H335);
- oaeea o eaa eooo aj ao ee oe o, a o
ao e e;
- oae oao - a a oao oj e aoj o oo
oa a eeeaa oj aje a oaje ojee
ee oaoa.
oa oao oj ooaaj aaa oao, ooo aeojaa
oao eea :

383

 : .
a o eea o (eaoao) a, a eeoa
aaje Cr (VI), eee oeeaaa e eeae oaje o
oaoa ea a oeeee e eeoo a.
a o aaj eeoo ta (". a ",
. 100/2011).
oao, o eea a eeoa aaje Cr (VI), e oa a
ae, ea a ae, eo oeo ao o ae
oeja oea, eee/oaje oje aeae a ee
e e eo aoee oja e oo a oe aa eo aea
oo oje e oaa oja eoo ea oje oaa aaj
aoo oa (VI) o 0,0002%, ao oaeee o oao oje a:
EUH203: "a o(VI). Moe a aoe aej eaj."

3
, ,

. ,
, ,

,
. ,
, ,


?

[1] Activity report 2013, published by CEMBUREAU, The European Cement Association
[2] ao o e aea a ooe (. a , oj 36/09)
[3] a o ae eea (". a ", . 34/2013 44/2014)
[4] The Cement Sector: A Strategic Contributor to Europe's Future, The Boston Consulting
Group (BCG), 2014
[5] SRPS U.M1.206:2013 , ,
SRPS EN 206-1,

[6] SRPS EN 206-1, - 1: , ,
,
[7] a o oaea aaaa ooe, aaa oe
oea eaja (". ", . 90/2013 i 25/2015)
[8] oo eo aooao ae oa, aa ooa
ooaa, , , aeaa
ae .., ae

384

 1, 2, 3

MAR
:

- MAR .


MAR
.
,
.
, .
: ,

STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROBLEMS CAUSED BY

GROUNDWATER PUMPING IN MAR SYSTEMS
Summary:
The clogging of an interface between water and soil is unavoidable process in
managed aquifer recharge systems- MAR systems. Since the hydraulic conductivity
of clogging layer is smaller than the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer the
unsaturated zone may develop immediately beneath the riverbed which has negative
impact on the capacity of MAR systems. The reasons for capacity reduction could
be realised from proposed diagram of forces that react on riverbed under dynamic
conditions in an aquifer, which represent revised form of well known force diagram
on riverbed particle. This work presents both diagrams, together with convenient
explanations.
Keywords: clogging layer, unsaturated zone
1

, .., -- , e-mail:
mjaksic@agfbl.org
2
. , .,, , e-mail: ljubisav@grf.bg.ac.rs
3
. , .., -- , e-mail:
muljarevic@agfbl.org

385

1
(
: MAR Managed Aquifer Recharge)

[1].
:
.
MAR
-

.
.
,
, .

, 4 ,
, , , .
:
-
, ,
( , ) ;
-
,
,
;
- ( )
,

;
- ,
, ( )
[2, 3].
MAR
(.
).

,
.
[4].

.
: ( )
( ).
386

2
2.1

.
: ( x- y- ), ,
,
[5].

[6]. 1 [6]
,
[5].
FB = v d s 3

FL = CL v u2ds2

~ 0 ds2

PROTOK
FD = CD v u2ds2

~ 0 ds2

FR

FW ~ s d s 3

1
( [5]). FB- , FL-
, FD- ,
FR- , FW- , V- , S , ds- , ds3- , V-
, CD- , CL- , 0-
, u- .
1
()
.

387

2.2

,
- .


.
.
, ,

, ,
(. ) [4,
6].

, ,
.
2.

.

[6].
FB = v d s 3
PROTOK

FS = h v ds2

FL = CL v u2ds2

Sloj slabe
vodopropusnosti

~ 0 ds2

FD = CD v u2ds2

~ 0 ds2

FR

FI = CI v uI ds2

FR
FW ~ s d s 3

2 o
( [5]). FI-
, FS- , CI- ,
h- , uI- .

388

 2,
() ,
(J = i V).
,
Louisville (Kentucky, USA),
0,6 m 5 m, 2.1 m
0.03 m [7].

,

.

.

, ,
,
.
,

. ,
.
.
.

[6].

4
MAR
.

, .
,

.

.

.
MAR ,

389

 ,
. [2, 8].


. ,


,
[6].

[1] Dillon, P.J. (2005) Future management of aquifer recharge. Hydrogeology J. 13 (1): 313316
[2] Bouwer, H. (2002) Artificial recharge of groundwater: hydrogeology and engineering.
Hydrogeology J.10: 121-142
[3] Hutchinson, A., Milczarek, M., Banerjee, M. (2013) Clogging phenomena related to surface
water recharge facilities. In: Martin, R. (ed.) Clogging issues associated with managed aquifer
recharge methods. IAH Commission on managing aquifer recharge, Australia, 95-106
[4] Zhang, Y., Hubbard, S., Finsterle, S. (2011) Factors governing sustainable groundwater
pumping near a river. eScholarship, University of California, U.S.A., http//
www.escholarship.org/help_copyright.html#reuse
[5] , . (1991) - 4. . ,
, 483 .
[6] Hubbs, S.A. (2006) Evaluating streambed forces impacting the capacity of riverbed
filtration systems. In: Hubbs, S.A. (ed.) Riverbank Filtration Hydrology. Springer, Dordrecht,
The Netherlands, 21-42
[7] Hubbs, S.A. (2006) Changes in riverbed hydraulic conductivity and specific capacity at
Louisville. In: Hubbs, S.A. (ed.) Riverbank Filtration Hydrology. Springer, Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, 199-220
[8] Martin, R. (2013) Introduction. In: Martin, R. (ed.) Clogging issues associated with
managed aquifer recharge methods. IAH Commission on managing aquifer recharge, Australia,
4-10

390

 1, 2, 3, 4

CHS
-N
:
-N CHS
, () ,
.
( , ).
,
-N,
CHS .
.
( ISO 834 ).
: , , ,

SIZE EFFECT CROSS SECTION CHS COMPOSITE COLUMN

ON HIS M - N CAPACITY IN TERMS OF FIRE
Summary:
In this paper, a numerical analysis of the relationship M-N CHS capacity of
composite columns, the size (dimensions) of the section exposed to fire all around
the circumference. The analysis was performed using the verified software SAFIR
(University of Liege, Belgium). It was calculated payload on the longitudinal force
of pressure and uniaxial bending, shown through the interaction diagram M-N, for
three different dimensions of the same type CHS-section column. It was found that
the increase in size-section increases and resistance to fire effects. The fire scenario
is a standard fire (curve ISO 834).
Keywords: Composite column, fire resistance, interaction curve,

Assist. PhD,Faculty of Civil Engineering,State University of Novi Pazar, Serbia , milanovicnp@gmail.com

Prof. PhD, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia,
cvetkovska@gf.ukim.edu.mk
3
Prof. PhD, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ss. University in Podgorica, Montenegro, radenko@ac.me
4
4Doc.PhD.,Faculty of Civil Engineering State University of Novi Pazar, Serbia , nazimmanic@hotmail.com

391

1.

,
.
,
.
(-)
.

.
,
. ,
, , ,
,
.
,
,
.
, ,

. ,
[2][6].
, ,
. , ,
. ,
,
[2].
.
,
, . ,
,
. (
)
.
() . (
) [9].


[9]. ().
, .
.

.
-N CHS
, , ,
.

392

2. -N
( )

[5][6]. 1
CHS
.
.

1: CHS (
) : ) =273 ; ) =457 ; ) =609 ;
CHS ,
, , :

,
- 2 % (20 / 3),
, 834 ,
C 30/37 ( ), S 355, B 400/500,
1 [5],


(, , ) [ 5] , :
Npl,Rd = Aa * fyd + Ac*fcd + As*fsd ,

fyd, fcd, fsd ,

, , s ;

1 2 [5]. ,
,
-N, 1. ,
,B,C,D, :
393


[] NA = Npl,Rd; Mpl,Rd= 0
.

2:

[B] NB = 0, B = pl,Rd
.
C = Mpl,Rd

[C] NC = Npm,RD= 0,85*C* fcd;

,
,

[D] ND = 0,5*Npm,Rd;D = max,Rd

.
()

( , ,
) .[5][8]. -N
, ,

. , ( ), ( ),(d/t ), ( max
C ) C4. , ,
, 3,4 5
( 20 ).

394

3. ( - N )CHS


.
, : ,
, -
, ,

.[3].
CHS ,
( 1), .
: 30, 60,
90, 120 180 .T
[4][6].
-N ,
CHS , ,
, 3,4 5.
N (kN)
3500
3000
2500
2000

20 C
1h

1500

0,5 h

2h

1000

1,5 h

500

3h

0
0

50

100

150

200

250

My (kNm)

3 : N,CHS , D =273 ,
, 30,60,90,120 180 ;

395

N (kN)
10000
9000
8000
7000
20 C

6000
5000
4000

2h

3000
2000

3h

1000

1h

0,5 h

1,5 h

0
0

200

400

600

800

1000

My (kNm)

4: N,CHS , D =475,
, 30,60,90,120 180 ;
N (kN)
17000
15000
13000
11000
9000
0,5 h

7000

1,5 h

5000

3h

1h

20 C

2h

3000
1000
-1000 0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

My (kNm)

5: N,CHS , D =609 ,
, 30,60,90,120 180 ;
(N), ()
, ,
6,
.

396

Npl,Rd,t / Npl,Rd
120

Mpl,Rd,t / Mpl,Rd

Npl,Rd

110

110

100

100

90

90

80

80

70

70

60

60

50

50

40

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0
0

30

60

90

120

150

Mpl,Rd

120

180

t (min)

30

60

90

120

150

180

t (min)

6: , ,
;
CHS D = 273
180 78,5 % 86,1 %
. ( D = 609 ) ,
34,4 % ,, 45,9 % .
CHS ,
, 7.
6.
T (

Npl,Rd

1200
1200
1100
1100
1000
1000
900
900
800
800
700
700
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
00
00

30
30

60
60

90
90

120
120

150
150

180
180

tt (min)
(min)

7.
, .
397

 8
2 h (120 )
, ,
.

8. , ( )
CHS , 2 h ( 120 ) ( ISO 834);

4.

, M-N .
,
[1][2][3].
8, CHS
.
M-N
.
CHS
. ,
,
.
, ,
, CHS ,
( ) .
.

398


[1]

Cvetkovska, M., Nonlinear Stress Strain Behaviour of RC Elements and Plane Frame
Structures Exposed to Fire, Doctoral dissertation, "Ss Cyril and Methodius" University,
Macedonia, 2002.

[2]

Cvetkovska M., Milanovi M., Jovanoska M., Cifliganec C., Parametric analysis of
fire resistance of centrically loaded composite steel-concrete columns, 15th
International Symposium of Macedonian Association of Structural Engineers, Ohrid,
Macedonia, 2013

[3]

CHU Thi Binh, Hollow steel section columns filled with self-compacting concrete under
ordinary and fire conditions, Doctoral dissertation, University of Liege, 2008.

[4]

EN 1992-1-2 : Eurocode 2 : Design of concrete structures - Part 1-2: General rules.

Structural fire design ,

[5]

EN 1994-1-1: Eurocode 4 : Design of composite steel and concrete structures Part 1-1
: General rules and rules for buildings ( 2005 ) ,

[6]

EN 1994-1-2 - Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures, General rulesStructural fire design, July 2005.

[7]

Gillie M., The behaviour of framed composite structures in fire, University of

Edinburgh, 2000.

[8]

Johnson, R.P., Composite structures of steel and concrete, Vol. 1: Beams, slabs,
columns, and frames for buildings, second ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Oxford, 1994.

[9]

SAFIR-Computer program, University of Liege, Belgium ;

399

 k1, 2

:

.
, ,
.
CFRP
,
.
.
: CFRP, , ,

BEHAVIOR OF RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH

COMPOSITE MATERIALS - EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
Summary:
This paper presents the basic settings for the experimental analysis, with aim to
determine contribution of external CFRP strengthening to bearing capacity of RC
beams with actual dimensions. Basic information about the samples, testing
equipment, method of strengthening and other relevant parameters are presented.
Confirmation of the influence of external CFRP reinforcements in a significant
increase in flexural strength, reduction of deflection, deformation and crack widths
is expected, and also its impact on change in fracture mechanisms of these elements
under load.
ywords : CFRP, concrete beams, flexural behavior, experiment

1
2

, p, , @t-com.me
, , , nataly@ac.me

401

1.
, , ,
.
FRP (fiber reinforced plastics) ,
, ,
,
,
.
- , .
, FRP
.
.
CFRP
,
.
, .
FRP
FRP .
FRP ,
(.1).

1 - 1:(a) ;
(b) FRP ;(c)

402

2.

, .
. ,
.
, ,
, FRP .
, , ,
, FRP
, .

,
, , .

3.
:
- ;
- ;
- ,
;
-
.

, ,
, ,
.
3.1.
9
, 7.8 (.2).
30.0
9.0

43.0

R
7.0

2 -

403


, , .
.
, , ,
35kN.

, .
, .
,
, ,
. ,
.
,
, .
.
3.1.1.

, ,
.
,
. ,
, . , ,
,
, .
, .
,
.
, 50 1.2 , -,
, 4 , . ,

.
4 6 ,
.
3.2.
3 .
, 7400 .
, 10 N, , 80 N.
60 -,
15 , .
3.2.1.

, 1/1000 , ,
, 250 .
404


, 1/1000 100 .
,
100 , , .
, .
.
a .
, 0.025 .
, ,
.
, ,
, , L .

3 -

4.

, 91%,
. .

. ,
, .
, x 7.96
35 kN, , , 2.1 .
65 kN 6.8 .

, 35 N,
20.46, 6.79.

405

 , 35 N,
5.28, 7.29.
65 N,
, 0.34,
7.59.

.
.

,
.
, 3 ,
35 kN, 40 kN.
, 60 kN
0.8 .

5.
FRP

10 160%. , 70%
.
,
:
- 91%
, ;
- ,
, ;
- ;
- , ,
;
- ,
,
. , ,
,
.

6.
,
, ,
:
-
, ;
406

,
.

.

, .
FRP
. , ,
CFRP ,
, .

[1]

[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]

Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for
strengthening concrete structures // ACI 440.2R-08 - American Concrete Institute,
Committee 440, 2008;
Debonding of FRP in bending: Simplified model and experimental validation / R.J.
Casas, J. Pascual, 2007;
Externally bonded FRP reinforcement for RC structures // CEB-FIP, 2001;
Experimental performances of RC beams strengthened with FRP materials / F. Ceroni,
2010;
Flexural strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded FRP sheets through
flexible adhesive bonding / J.G. Dai, T. Ueda, Y. Sato, T. Ito, 2005;
Failure diagrams of FRP strengthened RC beams / B. Gao, C.K.Y. Leung., J-K. Kim,
2007;
Strengthening reinforced concrete beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)
laminates / N.F. Grace, G.A. Sayed, A.K. Soliman, K.R.Saleh, 1999;
Numerical analysis of RC beams flexurally strengthened by CFRP laminates / A.R.
Khaloo, A. Gharachorlou, 2005;
Bond between FRP and concrete in reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near
surface mounted and externally bonded reinforcement / R. Kotynia, 2011;
Prediction of failure Load of RC beams strengthened with FRP plate due to stress
concentration at the plate end / A.M. Malek, H. Saadatmanesh, M.R. Ehsani, 1998;
Structural retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams using carbon fibre reinforced
polymer / Y.T. Obaidat, 2010;
RC beams strengthened with GFRP plates / H. Saadatmanesh, M.R. Ehsani, 1991;
Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures with Fibre Reinforced Polymers / A.S. Shamim,
2001;
Strengthening of initially loaded reiforced concrete beams using FRP plates / A. Sharif,
G.J. Al-Sulaimani, I.A. Basunbul, M.H. Baluch, B.N. Ghaleb, 1994;

407

[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]

[19]
[20]

[21]
[22]

Experimental and numerical study on behavior of externally bonded RC T-beams using

GFRP composites / T. Shit, 2011;
FRP strengthened RC beams I / S.T. Smith, J.G. Teng, 2002;
Use of carbon fiber laminates for strengthening reinforced concrete beams in bending /
H.R. Sobuz, E. Ahmed, S. Hasan, A. Uddin, 2011;
Failure Mode Analyses of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened in Flexure with
Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymers / H. Thomsen, E. Spacone, S.
Limkatanyu, G. Camata, 2004;
/ . , 2001;
The load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with carbon fibre
composite in the tension zone subjected to temporary or sustained loading / J. Valivonis,
T. Skuturna, M. Daugevicius, 2010;
Design recommendations for the strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with
externally bonded composite plates / Y-C. Wang, K. Hsu, 2009;
Plate end debonding in FRP-plated RC beams - I: Experiments / J. Yao, J.G. Teng,
2007.

408

 1, 2, 3

:
,

, .
, ,
, , .
.

.
: ,

METHODOLOGY FOR QUALITY ESTIMATION OF

MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SERBIA
Summary:
Certifications systems that are based, not only on energy performances of buildings
but also on their ecological and sustainable characteristics are already developed and
used in many countries, the most common and developed systems are those from
USA, Great Britain, Germany and Japan. Serbia is among those countries that still
did not develop its certification system. In the paper, the methodology for
development of such a system is presented, especially for rating of multifamily
housing, since those houses represent significant share of Serbian total building
stock.
Keywords: certification systems, multifamily residential buildings

, , , milicajp@arh.bg.ac.r,
, , @gmail.com
3 , , stankovicarh@arh.bg.ac.rs,
1
2

409

1.

.4 [1].

. ,
, 5
, ,
.
,
.
. ,
.
,
, ,
, , .
,

.

. 6

2.

,
.

, .
, . ,

4 Environmental assessment of buildings: methodology for developing a national system / S.

Kosanovi, M Jovanovi-Popovi,. //(TTEM - Technics Technologies Education
Management, 2013, 8 (4): 1929-1935
5 Exploring Sustainable Architectures/ Guy, S. //in Guy, S and Moore, S. (Ed.) Sustainable
Architectures: Cultures and Natures in Europe and North America.2005, pp.1-12,New
York: Spon Press
6 Influence of LEED certification on the development of Serbian building market in the state
of crisis and transition / B. Stankovi, N. Cukovi Ignjatovic, D Ignjatovi,.// in Amoda,
R., Mateus, R. Bragana, L., Pinheiro, C. (Ed.) BSA 2012 Proceedings of the 1st
International Conference on Building Sustainability Assessment, 2012, pp.357-364, Green
Porto: Lines Institute

410

 : ,
, ,
, , , ...

.

.7
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.
,

. 8 ,
,
9
-.
10
. ,

, .

,
.
, .
, , .
, .
.
.
Introduction to sustainability assessment at the local level / D. Devuyst, in:Devuyst,
D.,Hens, L. and De Lannoy, W. (eds.) How green is the city: Sustainability assessment and
the management of urban environments, New York. 2001, Columbia University Press: 1-36
8
/ ,.
,., , , , . , .
, 2013: , ,
9
/ ,. ,.,
, , , . , . , 2013:
, ,
10
/
.135/2004 36/2009
7

411

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412

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413

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;
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;
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;

11

Introduction to sustainability assessment at the local level / D. Devuyst, in:Devuyst,

D.,Hens, L. and De Lannoy, W. (eds.) How green is the city: Sustainability assessment and
the management of urban environments, New York. 2001, Columbia University Press: 1-36
414

;
, ,
;
-
.


-,
.
,
, . ,

.
,
.
.
, .

4.


. ,
: ,
. , ,
.

: , ,
, . ,
,
, .
,
.

.
, .
,
, ,
.

Environmental assessment of buildings: methodology for developing a national system

/S. Kosanovi, M Jovanovi-Popovi,. //(TTEM - Technics Technologies Education
Management, 2013, 8 (4): 1929-1935

415

Exploring Sustainable Architectures/ Guy, S. //in Guy, S and Moore, S. (Ed.)

Sustainable Architectures: Cultures and Natures in Europe and North America.2005,
pp.1-12,New York: Spon Press

Influence of LEED certification on the development of Serbian building market in the

state of crisis and transition / B. Stankovi, N. Cukovi Ignjatovic, D Ignjatovi,.// in
Amoda, R., Mateus, R. Bragana, L., Pinheiro, C. (Ed.) BSA 2012 Proceedings of the
1st International Conference on Building Sustainability Assessment, 2012, pp.357-364,
Green Porto: Lines Institute

Introduction to sustainability assessment at the local level / D. Devuyst, in:Devuyst,

D.,Hens, L. and De Lannoy, W. (eds.) How green is the city: Sustainability assessment
and the management of urban environments, New York. 2001, Columbia University
Press: 1-36

/ ,.
,., , , , . , .
, 2013: , ,

/ ,. ,.,
, , , . , . , 2013:
, ,

/
.135/2004 36/2009
Fair Society, Healthy Lives: Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England Post2010/ M. Marmot / /2010 The Marmot Review
Healthy Urban Planning: Setting the Scene / H. Barton// 2005, Built Environment, 31:
281-287
United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005-2014: Draft
International Implementation Scheme/ United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO)// 2005: 1-52

[8]
[9]
[10]

416

 1, 2, 3

:

17.000 (2011. 2012. ),

CO2 .
.
, ,
.

.
: , ,

APPLICATION RANGE OF NATIONAL

BUILDING TYPOLOGY ON LOCAL LEVEL

RESIDENTIAL

Summary:
National Serbian residential building typology was developed based on field survey
conducted in the period 2011-2012 during which the inventory was made of more
than 17000 single and multifamily houses. The typology enables estimations of
energy savings and CO2 emission reduction in the process of building renewal.
These assessments are used in National plans and strategies development. Same type
of estimations is needed on local, municipal, level for development of Local action
plans. In the paper, two possible approaches to the problem and methodologies for
development of local and regional typologies are described as well as the range of
their use.
Keywords: National typology, energy efficiency, building rehabilitation

, , , milicajp@arh.bg.ac.r,
, , ignjatovic.dusan@gmail.com,
3 , , stankovicarh@arh.bg.ac.rs,
2

417

1
4
.
5 , ,
10 .

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. ,
( 6, ),
, ,
, 20 .
,
: 7
.

2.
, ,
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, 2002. ,
2011. . ,

, ,
. 2011. 2012.
,
.

4 , ., , ., , ., , ., , ., , .,
, . 2013: . ,
,
5 www.tabula.eu
6 www.episcope.eu
7 European Commission, Notices from European union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies. Guidelines
accompanying Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 244/2012 of 16 January 2012 supplementing Directive
2010/31/ EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of building by establishing a
comparative methodology framework for calculating cost-optimal levels of minimum energy performance
requirements for buildings and building elements, Official Journal of the European Union, C 115 (2012): 1-28.

418

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www.episcope.eu

www.tabula.eu

427

Jakob uteri1, Andrej Zajc2

EVALUATION OF BEHAVIOUR OF VERY YOUNG FIBRE

REINFORCED SHOTCRETE
Summary:
In the paper, we show and discuss upon first results of research project with title
Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) Right After Construction. The
results obtained on research field of primary lining of Dekani tunnel represent the
starting-point of the project. The test method proposed by RILEM technical
committee TC 148-SSC was used for evaluation of behaviour of young FRS. First
obtained results of the research project show that added fibres have significant
influence over behaviour of young FRS up to the age of 8 hours. We ascertain that
the compressive strength of young FRS increases as well, besides ductility.
Key words:

fibre reinforced shotcrete, steel fibres, compressive strength,

ductility, energy absorption.

P
A
BEOMA
MKPOAPMPAO PKAO ETOA

MAO

:
, o
om mkpoapmpao o a (MA)
y. a okycom oy
y y .
ea o -oo o a 148-
a MA.
ta
MA 8 . pca
o MA ce y.
: , ,
pca, y, .

1
dr, univ.dipl.in.gra, direktor, IRMA Intitut za raziskavo materialov in aplikacije, Sloveneva 95, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenija, jakob.sustersic@irma.si
2
dr, univ.dipl.fiz., voa sistema kvalitete, IRMA Intitut za raziskavo materialov in aplikacije, Sloveneva 95, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenija, andrej.zajc@irma.si

429

1 INTRODUCTION
The principle of improvement in the early age bearing capacity of tunnel lining made by
fibre reinforced shotcrete (FRS) has been studied during the investigations on the research field
in Dekani Tunnel, on the highway Ljubljana Koper, as part of the research project: The
Improvement of Tunnel Primary Lining in Rocks of Low Bearing Capacity by the Use of FRS
[1]. The use of FRS practically eliminated the use of reinforcement mesh and the still arches
from the primary lining. The effect of this was twofold: the savings were achieved both in the
use of the material and time. Also, the safety on work has been improved, as there was less
exposure of workers to the vicinity of the excavation face.
It seems that, bearing capacity of FRS tunnel lining improved, because of equivalent
strengths at the selected crack widths were high enough at the early age of FRS, already and
shortly after the placement of FRS lining, respectively. This statement is based on the results of
observations and measurements of the lining deformations and convergence of tunnel profiles,
respectively, as well as the results of investigations of FRS properties. Following properties of
FRS were carried out: compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, ultimate flexural strength,
and properties obtained by wedge splitting test (WST) method: ultimate strength, strength at
the first crack and equivalent strengths up to selected crack width (CW = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4
mm). The measurements of these properties were carried out on 3, 7, 28 and 110-day-old
specimens.
Increase of compressive strength at early age up to 2 hours, approximately was measured
with penetrating needle on the fresh sprayed FRS in the test panels. Compressive strength of
1.0 MPa was obtained at 1 h and 40 min, on average after the placing of FRS. Further progress
of compressive strength in regard to age of FRS is shown in Figure 1.
compressive strength (MPa)

60
50
40
30
20

cubes
early strength

10

cylinders

112

105

98

91

84

77

70

63

56

49

42

35

28

21

14

0
age of FRS (days)

Figure 1: Influence of age of FRS on compressive strengths.

Following ingredients were used for preparation of FRS constructed in the research field:
cement (CEM II), high-range superplasticizer, accelerator, steel fibers with length of 16 mm
and with diameter of 0.40 mm 0.4 vol.%, polypropylene fibres with length of 10 mm 0.05
vol.%, crushed limestone aggregate fractions: 0-1, 0-4 an 4-8 mm.

430

Increase of compressive strength is relatively higher in early age (up to some days after
construction) in comparison with increase of older FRS. So, average compressive strength of 1day-old FRS is over 20 MPa what is already 50%, approximately of average compressive
strength of 110-day-old FRS. Results of those investigations show increase of compressive
strength in connection with time, but there is no evident how the FRC behaves when a
compressive load is in action. First of all, there is a question whether FRC behaviour is ductile,
as well at early age or right after construction, respectively. It means that we are interested in
descending branch of stress strain ( diagram, or post-peak softening response,
respectively. What kind of influence have fibres on behaviour of young FRS, is the second
question of our interest. Therefore, we began with the research project with the intention of
search for the answers to those questions.
The tests of young FRS and shotcrete without fibres (SC) have been carried out on the
samples only few hours after their preparation at very law levels of compressive strength. Thus,
the fresh FRC and SC were prepared in a laboratory mixer with a vertical shaft and after that
they were cast in moulds and compacted on a vibrating table. In the paper, some initial and
typical findings of the current project are shown.

2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND SOFTENING TESTED ON THE

HALVES OF THE BEAMS
At the beginning of the research project, following ingredients were used for preparation of
FRS in the laboratory: cement (CEM II), high-effective accelerator, steel fibres with length of
16 mm and with diameter of 0.50 mm 0.75 vol.%, polypropylene fibres with length of 10 mm
0.10 vol.% and crushed dolomite aggregate fractions: 0-4 an 4-8 mm. Fresh FRS was cast
in beams with dimensions of 10 cm 10 cm 40 cm.
Compressive strength and softening tests were carried out on the halves of the beams, as it
is schematically shown in upper part of Figure 2, at the ages of FRS of 3, 7 and 12 hours.
Deformations in axial direction were measured by extensometer fixed on the upper part of the
testing machine so that displacement of upper platen can be measured. So, load deformation
diagrams were obtained, as they are presented in Figure 2. Those diagrams show rapid increase
of compressive strength with time and ductility behaviour, as well.
Uniaxial compressive stress, which is nonlinear, can be presented by equation [2]:
c

E ci c

(1)
2

1 c

c ,1
where: c is the compressive stress, c is the compressive strain, c,1 is the compressive strain
at the peak stress, Eci is the tangent Youngs modulus expressed by:
2 f cm
c ,1
where fcm is the peak stress.

(2)

E ci

431

90

12 hours

80
70

load (kN)

60
50

7 hours

40
30
20

3 hours

10
0
0

10

12

14

16

deformation (mm)

Figure 2: Compressive load deformation diagrams of FRS at the ages of 3, 7 and 12 hours.
Experimentally obtained stress strain diagrams show higher ductility when they are
compared with stress strain diagrams derived from the equation (1). Experimental and
calculating stress strain diagrams of 7-hour-old FRS is shown in the Figure 3, as an example.
4

experimental c - c

c (MPa)

calculating c - c
2

0
0

[ /00]

Figure 3: Experimental and calculating stress strain diagrams of 7-hour-old FRS.

Because of, the peak stress and the post-peak softening diagram are highly dependent on
specimen geometry and boundary conditions during the test, the obtained results have been
expected. Increasing the boundary restraint between loading platen and concrete specimen
leads to more ductile behaviour [3]. On the other hand, increasing the slenderness leads to
more brittle post-peak behaviour [4]. Therefore, test method for compressive strength and

432

softening, recommended by RILEM Technical Committee TC 148 SSC [5], has been used
after that and it is still using during the implementation of the research project.

3 INVESTIGATION INTO THE BEHAVIOUR OF SC AND FRS

UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT
THE TEST METHOD RECOMMENDED BY RILEM TC 148-SSC
3.1 DISPOSITION OF INVESTIGATION PROGRAM
Very young SC and FRS are investigated with the test method recommended by RILEM
TC 148-SSC [5] at the ages between 2 and 8 hours. Strain softening behaviour of concrete
under uniaxial compressive loading is tested by that method. Strain softening is defined as the
loss of load-carrying capacity of concrete after it has sustained a maximum load [5]. The
method is used to evaluate the behaviour of concrete which can be ductile or brittle.
Test configuration is shown in Figure 4. Specimen prism of 100 100 200 mm3 is
placed between the loading platens. Friction-reducing pads are placed between the specimen
and loading platens (upper and lower) for the purpose of decreasing the boundary restraint. The
friction-reducing pad consists in a sandwich made of two sheets of polytetrafluorethylene foil
and a layer of bearing grease, which is added in between those lies. Deformations in axial
direction are measured by two extensometers mounted between the loading platens, along two
mutual perpendicular planes of the prism. The test is controlled automatically by a computer
program which gives obtained results in the form of load deformation diagram. Loading is
increased at a rate of 0,05 mm/s.

Figure 4: Test configuration for prism of 100 100 200 mm3.

433

3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Mix proportions of SC and FRS are very similar, they distinguish mainly from addition of
steel fibres. Following materials were used: cement (CEM II), superplasticizer, accelerator in
the small content, limestone flour with Dmax of 100 m, crushed river sand with Dmax of 4 mm,
natural river aggregate fraction 4 8 mm and hooked steel fibres with length of 16 mm and
diameter of 0,5 mm used only in FRS with volume of 0,50 vol.%.
Characteristic load deformation diagrams of SC and FRS at ages of 2, 3 and 8 hours are
shown in Figure 5.
3
2,5

FRS-8

load [kN]

2
FRS-3

1,5

FRS-2

SC-2

SC-3

0,5

SC-8

0
0

deformation [mm]

Figure 5: Characteristic load deformation diagrams of SC and FRS at ages of 2 hours (SC2, FRS-2), 3 hours (SC-3, FRS-3) and 8 hours (SC-8 and FRS-8).
If those diagrams are converted in stress strain (c c) diagrams and compared them
with calculating c c diagrams in accordance with the equation (1), better conformity is
achieved (Figure 6) then in the case of experimental diagrams obtained with tests carried out
on the halves of beams (Figure 3). Those correlations show that problems of specimen
geometry and boundary conditions during the compressive test can be solved to a large extent
by using test method recommended by RILEM TC 148-SSC.
Diagrams given in Figure 5 show a great influence of fibres over the behaviour of FRS at
all its ages. At the age of 8 hours even more when the difference in behaviour of SC and FRS
becomes significant. SC and FRS differ as well in regard to peak stress fcm. FRS reaches higher
fcm than SC (Figure 7).
Obtained values of fcm of SC and FRS (Figure 7) are very small at all ages in comparison
with those of FRC which has been used for construction of the tunnel lining on the research
field in Dekani Tunnel (Figure 1) where average fcm of 1,0 MPa has been obtained 1 hours and
40 minutes, already after placing. The main goal of the project, represented in this paper is to
investigate behaviour of FRS right after construction when its strength is steel very low.
434

Therefore, smaller content of accelerator was used during preparation of laboratory mixtures of
SC and FRS to make the investigations of their behaviour feasible at low strength levels.
0,3

c [MPa]

experimental c - c
0,2

calculating c - c

0,1

0
0

0,1

0,2

c [

0,3

0,4

/00]

Figure 6: Experimental and calculating stress strain diagrams of 8-hour-old FRS; uniaxial
compressive tests were carried out with the method recommended by RILEM TC
148-SSC.
0,3

fcm (MPa)

0,25

FRS

0,2

SC

0,15
0,1
0,05
0
0

age of SC and FRS (hours)

Figure 7: Average values of peak stress fcm of SC and FRS at ages of 2, 3 and 8 hours.
Behaviour of SC and FRS is evaluated in regard to amount of absorptive energy up to the
limit stress c,lim with selected value of 0,5 fcm. Different sorts of absorptive energies are

435

calculated from single diagrams shown in Figure 5. Average values of absorptive energy Wc,lim
up to the selected point c,lim on the c c diagram are given in Figure 8. Schematic view of
Wc,lim is shown in Figure 8 below.
16
14

FRS

W c,lim (Nm)

12
10
8
6
4

SC

2
0
0

age of SC and FRS (hours)

Figure 8:

Average results of absorptive energy Wc,lim of SC and FRS at ages of 2, 3 and 8

hours.

Fibres effect, significantly on increase of ductility of FRS right after placing, in spite of
poor bond between fibres and hardening cement paste in young FRS. The same efficiency of
fibres is obtained when behaviour of FRS is evaluated by absorptive energy Wc,1 up to the peak
stress fcm and by absorptive energy of descending part of diagram c c or area of strain
softening, respectively Ws between fcm and c,lim. Average results of both absorptive energies
are given together in Figure 9, with the intention of simple comparison of differences between
Wc,1 and Ws of SC and FRS at ages up to 8 hours.
FRS reached much higher Ws than Wc,1 at all ages. Their differences are much higher than
differences between Ws and Wc,1 of SC, moreover Ws is even smaller then Wc,1 at the age of 8
hours. Those results prove much higher ductility of FRS in comparison with SC.
Strength as well as absorptive energy of FRS increase with increasing of its age as it can be
seen from Figure 10 where characteristic c c diagram are shown.
Average value of the peak stress of FRS increases from 0,26 MPa (obtained on 8-hour-old
FRS) up to 3,32 MPa (obtained on 24-hour-old FRS). Huge increases of all measured
absorptive energies Wc,lim,Ws and Wc,1 are obtained at the age of FRS of 24 hours (Figure 11).

436

10

10
8

3h

6
Wc,1, Ws (Nm)

8h

4
2

2h

0
SC

FRS
Wc,1

SC
Ws

FRS

SC

FRS

Figure 9: Average values of absorptive energies Wc,1 and Ws of SC and FRS at ages 2,3 and 8
hours.

35
30
FRS-24
load [kN]

25
20
15
10
5

FRS-8

0
0

deformation [mm]

Figure 10: Characteristic load deformation diagrams of FRS at age of 8 hours (FRS-8) and at
age of 24 hours (FRS-24).

437

W c,lim, W c,1, W s (Nm)

140
120
100
80

FRS-8

60

FRS-24

40
20
0
Wc,lim

Wc,1

Ws

sort of absortive energies

Figure 11: Average values of absorptive energies Wc,lim,Ws and Wc,1 of 8 and 24-hours-old
FRS.

4 CONCLUSIONS
High influence of added steel fibres was obtained at the beginning of the research project
where early age behaviour of FRS is investigated. Results obtained by uniaxial compressive
test method recommended by RILEM TC 148-SSC show that fibres improve ductile behaviour
as well as increase peak stress of young FRS up to age of 8 hours. Improvements in those
properties of young FRS increase bearing capacity of FRS tunnel lining right after the
placement. Results of further investigations which will be carried out within the framework of
the project should make an answer to many questions arisen out from first results and findings.
We expect that those responses and new statements should give proper data for development of
model of young FRS behaviour in tunnel lining.
REFERENCES
1. uteri, J., Jovii, V., Zajc, A., Ercegovi, R. Evaluation of improvement in the bearing
capacity of fibre reinforced shotcrete tunnel lining. Eds: Di Prisco, M., Felicetti. R., Plizzari,
G.A. Fibre-Reinforced Concrete. BEFIB 2004. Proceedings of Sixth International RILEM
Symposium, 20-22 September, 2004, Varenna, Italy. RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Vol. 2,
pp. 985-994.
2. Desayi P., Krishnan S. Equation for the Stress-Strain Curve of Concrete. Journal of the
American Concrete Institute, Vol. 61, No. 22, 1964.
3. Kotsovos M.D. Effect of testing techniques on the post-ultimate behaviour of concrete in
compression. Materials and Structures, Vol.16 (1983). str 3 12.
4. Van Mier J.G.M. Strain Softening of Concrete under Multiaxial Loading Conditions.
PhD thesis. Eindhoven University of technology (1984).
5. RILEM TC 148-SSC: Strain softening of concrete Test methods for compressive
softening. Test method for measurement of the strain-softening behaviour of concrete
under uniaxial cpmpression. Recommendations. Materials and Structures, Vol. 33 (2000).
str. 347 351.
438

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TEST LOADING OF STEEL EAVES ACC - PODGORICA

Summary:
The paper deals with test loading of steel eaves structure which is built within ACC
complex in Podgorica. The structure has complex arhitectural shape which looks
like cuted asymmetrical shell. The main dimensions of building are about 15m x
15m in horizontal plane and about 6m in vertical plan. The structure is made from
steel with frame components which follows complex architectural form. Covering of
building was performed with tinted tempered glass 10mm thickness.
Keywords: steel structures, test loading

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OMISSIONS IN CONDUCTING REGULATIONS OF THE

GUIDELINES
FOR
PLANNING
AND
DESIGNING
CONDITIONS FOR UNDISTURBED MOVEMENTS OF
CHILDREN AND PEOPLE WITH DECREASED PHYSICAL
ABILITIES
Summary:
The intention of this work is to point out on conflicts in urban environment with
which are faced individuals with decreased physical abilities. In this era of
capitalism, the architecture has becoming a tool for archiving goals while it
neglects the users of the space. Violations of the regulations of the Guideline for
undisturbed movements of the disabled leads to their discrimination. Sociological
and architectural aspects of this problem are discussed.
Keywords: People with decreased physical abilities, urban environment, omissions
in conducting regulations of the Guidelines, design for all, acters of developed
space, NGO.

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3
ADA Standards for Accessible Design; Departman of Justice:
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4
: ?; Disability
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6
Dizajn za sve http://ukljuci.in/index.php/bs/dizajn-za-sve (4.4.2015.)
7
EIDD Stokholmska deklaracija EIDD for All Europe
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[2]
2010-2014.http://www.impuls.rs.ba/dokumenti/strategija_fbih.pdf (19.3.2011.)
[3] :
?; Disability Monitor Initiative South East Europe Rights, Social Innovation and
Policy Reforms:
http://www.disabilitymonitor-see.org/documents/dmi3_srb/DMRII_serweb.pdf
(20.3. 2011.)
[4]ADA Standards for Accessible Design; Departman of Justice:
http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm
(20.3. 2011.)
[4] The principles of Universal Design - The Center for Universal Design (CUD):
http://www.ncsu.edu/www/ncsu/design/sod5/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm
(4.4.2011.)
[5] : http://www.ho-partner.rs.sr/en/
(10.4.2011.)
[6] :
453

http://www.zotovicbl.com/2013/04/univerzalni-dizajn-i-adaptirano-stanovanje-izperspektive-radne-terapije/ (4.4.2015.)
[7] /
:
https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1735525733339946.1073741863.1425435307682
325&type=3 (4.4.2015.)
[8] Dizajn za sve http://ukljuci.in/index.php/bs/dizajn-za-sve (4.4.2015.)
[9]EIDD
Stokholmska
deklaracija

EIDD
for
All
Europe
http://www.designforalleurope.org/upload/design%20for%20all/sthlm%20declaration/stockh
olm%20declaration_slovenian.pdf (4.4.2015.)

454

 1, 2

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APPLICATION OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE

PLANNING PROCESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Summary:
Citizen participation increasingly stands out as an important part of the innovative
methodologies in the process of urban planning and design. It is applied with the
aim of creating an urban space in relation to needs of users and achieve its
sociological sustainability. This paper examines the level of citizen participation in
the planning process in RS. The aim of the study is to identify how citizen
participation is formally or informally involved in the planning process, and to
provide guidance for its further development, and real acceptance as indispensable
tools in planning and design.
Keywords: participation, planning, needs, citizens

1
2

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20. 2012.
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2009. 2010. 5 MDPi6
14 ():
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;
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; 3.
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, 2011)

462

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,
,
, .
(2010) ,
,
23. -
,
. , 35%
(.), , ,
.
(2009),

24.
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81%
/ (.).

5.
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, ,

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.

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463


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.

1 Cities for People / Gehl, J. // Island Press, 2010, Washington.

26
/, . , . // , 2008, 23-51.
3

/ // ,
; UDK: 342.25:342.7,
23. 02. 2009, , 292-298.

/ //
; , , 4

Public Deliberation in an Age of Direct Citizen Participation,/ NancyRoberts//American

Review of Public Administration, Vol. 4 Br. 34, December 2004, 315-353

Public Deliberation in an Age of Direct Citizen Participation,/ NancyRoberts// American

Review of Public Administration, Vol. 4 Br. 34, December 2004, 318

Participation: Who Participates and What Aspects of Neighbourhood Matter? / Ziersch,

., Osborne, . Baum, F. // Urban Policy andResearchLocal Community Group,
2011, 29:4, 381-399.
Citizen Participation / Levine, . // Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1960,
26:3, 195-200,

8
9

Lessons Learned About Planning/ E. Klosterman,R.// Journal of the American

PlanningAssociation, 2013, 79:2, 161-169.

10 Project Zagreb: Transition as Condition, Strategy, Practice / Blau, E. Rupnik, I. //

Actar, 2007, Barcelona .
11 The search for a new development planning/policy mode: Problems of expertise in the
transition period / Vujoevi M. L. // Spatium, 2004, 10: 12-18.

464

12 Making social science matter / Flyvbjerg, B. // Cambridge University Press, 2001,

Nueva York.
13 Restart: Arhitektura BiH 1995-2010/ Ibelings, H. // BuyBook, 2010. Sarajevo
1416Naked city / Zukin, S. // Oxford University press, 2010, Nueva York.
15
/, . , . // , 2008, 23-51.
17

/ www.vladars.net

18

/www.fbihvlada.gov.ba

19

/
.40, 2013.

20

: ,
, 1. / Stilling //
: , 2006, , 1-9.
2124 :
/ // ,
, 2011, 5-23.
22 Participation of Citizens in Town Planning Procedures inNeighbourhoods with Former
Refugee and DisplacedPopulation in Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina / Latinovic, R.
// Places and Technologies, Belgarde, 2014, 1090-1098.
23 2010 / // www.cci.ba, 614

465

 1, 2

:

.


.
,
.
,
. ,

.

,
.
: , .

INFLUENCE OF MICRO-LOCATION ON EXTREME DEPTH OF

FROST PENETRATION INTO SOIL
Summary:
This scientific paper elaborate influence of micro-location on extreme depth of frost
penetration into soil. The first phase of research contains discovering of imply of cold air
wave and its intensity on the depth of frost penetration into soil, based upon data of air
temperature and soil temperature measured by depth. The second phase of research was based
on discovered correlation between historical data of air temperature in winter period and frost
penetration depth into soil. Using this method, for all meteorological stations depth of frost
penetration into soil was calculated. For all series of data, time-repeating period of extreme
depth of frost penetration was determined for each meteorological station, by time sections.
Using multiple regression analysis in this matrix of data the most reliable equation of
associated influence of micro-location parameters on the extreme depth of frost penetration
was established.

Keywords: negative air temperature, freezing depth of soil.

1
2

, ..., ,
..., ,

467



. ,
.
, ,
.

,
. ,
.

. ,
1975/76. .
, :
-
,
- 26
,
- .
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
. ,
.

5, 10, 20, 50 100 .
26
,
.

1.

,
, ,
1975/76. .
. 0 0C
,
-0,2 0C, .

468

, .
0
0
C .
1.1.

.

,
, .

, .
,
.
, ,
.
1.1.1.

, .
,
.
, , :
- ,
.
, . ,
2 mm 40 mm .
,
.
1.1.2.

, .
, 07, 14 21
, 1975/76. .

10 100 .
, .
, ,
.
,
, .
,
,

469

 , .
.
1.2.

, ,
, :
- It,
- hIp,
- hIk.
1.2.1.

.
.
1.2.2.
() ,
.
10% .
,
,
.
1.2.3.

.
1.2.4. ( )

,
, .
,
:

D PM = h2 -

h 2 - h1
T2
| - T 1 |+ T 2

[cm]

(1)

je:
DPM - cm,
-1 - , .
0C,
+2 - 0C,
h1 - , 1 [cm] ,
h2 - , 2 [cm] .

470

 .
.
X Y,
, :
- X0 = 1.0,
X0
- It ,
X1
- hIp,
X2
- hIk,
X3
:
X4, X5, X6 - 100,
Y
- DPM u (cm).

2.

,
,
U.S.C.S.
U.S.C.S., , .
0,1 50%
50% .
159x7 , 41x7
200x7 .

.
p=80%. , . p=90%,
(*) , p=95% (**).
:
;
[cm]
(2)
DPM = 6.4416 - 0.3100 hIp - 0.0599 hIk -0.1167 hIp2 **
r2 = 0.3437

r = 0.5863

;
DPM = 8.4033 - 0.0566 It - 0.2666 hIp- 0.0602 hIk
r2 = 0.8177

;
DPM = 7.5968 - 0.0277 It -0.2246 hIp - 0.0691 hIk
r2 = 0.5079

[cm]

(3)

[cm]

(4)

r = 0.9042

r = 0.7127

:
DPM
It
hIp

- cm,
- ( 0C),
- (
0C,
- ( 0C,
hI k
, ),
Ip2; hIp2, hIk2 - 100.
471

 : r2 - ,
, r -
.

, .
,
,
.

3.

. ,
.
(4),
1988. .
, ,
- , , . , .
,
,
, :

Pe ( D PM )
:
Pe ( D PM )

m 0,3
* 100
N 0,4

(%)

(5)

- ,
- (
),
- ( ).

,
, .
2
.
D PM , ,
,
,
.

. .
5, 10, 20, 30, 50 100 ,
.

.

472


,
.
()
, , :
NV - km,
RV - (NV
/NV ) km.,
GD - , GD-150,
GS - , GS-450,
UM - , 500
450 160 km.,
US - ,
km,
KT - , 7 (),
, 1 7.
, ,
5 100 .

, :

D PM 81 . 6410 47 . 0595 NV 27 . 8914 GS

[cm]

(6)

r=0.8973
DPM, r2=0.8051
.
( ) DPM (6),
50 .

, (6),

, 1.
1.
5
10
20
30

0.528
0.651
0.789
0.837

50
1.000

100
1.184

.
5', 1145 .
, 1:50.000
. (6)
. , ,

473

 ,
5 cm, 1.
DPM ,
50 .
, ,
, 1.

1.

[1]
The frost penetration problem in highway engineering, / A. Jumikis //, Ruteres University
press, 1955., New Brunswick, New Jersey
[2]
Thermal sojil mechanics, / A. Jumikis //, Ruters University press, 1966., New Brunswick,
New Jersey
[3]
, / . //, ( ), 1973.,
[4]
, / .
//, ( ), 1978.,
[5]

, / . //, ( ), 1996.,

474

 .1, .2

:

. (LEGEND)

(R Thermal Response Test). . R-
(100
) 67,5 W/m 6,75kW.
4,7kW 0,9kW = 3,8 kW
(100m ).
R- 2,05 W/mC.
: ,

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL OF URBAN AREA OF SRBAC

Summary:
Geothermal energy is a renewable source of energy that is rarely or never used in the
area of Srbac. The Project ("LEGEND") performed to determine the geothermal
potential of Srbac or measurement of the coefficient of thermal conductivity and
geoprobes (TRT-Thermal Response Test). This is the first project of this kind in
Srbac. TRT was ascertained maximum yield in the heating cycle is at geoprobes
(100 m depth) for peak power of 67.5 W / m or 6,75kW. On the other hand available
for cooling facility is 4,7kW - 0.9kW = 3.8 kW of cooling power in the house at
geoprobes (100m depth). The coefficient of thermal conductivity determined by
TRT is 2.05 W / m C.
Keyword : Geothermal energy, the coefficient of thermal conductivity

1
2

, ..., - ..., , begovic@ibis.ba

..., - ..., , ivankovic@ibis.ba

475

LEGEND
.
b
.
,
. ,
TRT- (Thermal Responce Test).
LIR EVOLUTION, .
.
.
65 .
10
. .

.
P=390,35 m , P=302,06 m
88,29 m.

.
.

.
,
.

.


.

.

.

476


.
.
.
.

90
91
93

90
91

4995000

91

90

93

116

240
205

170

250
175

225

93

95

190

95

183

95

95

4990000

277
287

236

145

125
138

219
193

98

94

277

146

93

94

435

136

101

181
205
204

170

4995000

93
92

5000000

6465000

4
km

104

123

4990000

5000000

6460000

146
162

6460000

6465000

.
, .

:
,
,
,
.
477

3.1

.
.
.
.

.
30 m .
.
3.2

.

.

.
.
.
3.3

.
,
.
.
3.4

.
2 m .
35 m.

478

-. Thermal
respons test .. , ....
4.1

TRT-

100 m, 4,7 W 47 W
. Eskilson (1987) Eklof&Gehlin (1996)

>5*2/.
0,090 m (2), Kappelmayer (1974)
0,08-0,09
m2/d, (
) 10-12 .
( 2) ,
9 (
, ).

2 koristei HOBO Energy Pro lager

3 TRT BHE-1
479

 , /
,
0/-2C,
EN14511
/ (0C 35C
).

67,5 W/m 6,75 kW.

,
40C.
, 5,0/3,0C 4,7 kW COP
~2,8 @ 55C , 6,7 kW 0/-2,0C
COP 2,4 @ 55C .
.
,
,
(28,4/26,3C) 23hr
4,7kW ( +7/12C EER
5,1 0,9 kW
.) , 4,7 kW 0,9 kW = 3,8 kW
.

,

(35C
A/C ).

(35/33C ) 7,4 kW
2,1 kW 7,4 kW - 2,1 kW = 5,3
kW, EER=3,5. ,
A/C .

,
.

480

5

BHE-1
1.
BHE-1, .
.

( ).
. ,

.
TRT in

TRT out

inv TRT in

inv TRT out

Watt

30,0

48,6

28,0
26,0

48,2

24,0

47,8

20,0

47,4

18,0
16,0

47,0

Watt/m

Temperatura,C

22,0

14,0
12,0

46,6

10,0

46,2

8,0
6,0

45,8

4,0

Buotinskiizmjenjivatopline100m

2,0
0,0

5,0

45,4

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

Sati

1 . BHE-1

(
)
ln(t).
,

,
Eklof&Gehlin (1996)
:

Q
4 H

gdje je:
g - , W/m C,
H - , m,
481

Q - , W,
- .
Series1

Linear (Series1)

27,5

Temperatura,C

27,0

26,5

y = 1,844x + 6,723
R = 0,997
26,0

25,5

25,0

Buotinskiizmjenjivatopline100m
9,8

10,0

10,2

10,4

10,6

10,8

11,0

11,2

ln(t)>sekunde

2 BHE1

(
) 4754
W, 3. 1,844.
TRT 106 kWh. 0,997
. 100 m
Eklof&Gehlin 2,05
W/mC
.

.

.
-.

. TRT
.
.

, 2014:
, ...,
, 1984: ,

482

 1, 2, 2, 1,
3

I

:
,
-, 2014. ,
-,
. ,
a ,
. ,
: , ,
.
: , , ,

LANDSLIDE NEAR ''THE KING ALEXANDER I KARADJORDJEVIC'' BRIDGE IN MALI ZVORNIK

Summary:
Extreme precipitation, in May 2014, induced landslide-rock flow at the left bank of
river Drina, in a slope above the state highway Mali Zvornik - Ljubovija. Triggered
earth mass covered the roadway and caused temporary traffic break. In this paper
are presented methodology of landslide investigation, results of applied engineering
geological research, characteristics of landslide and remedial measures that should
be conducted: retaining walls, surge barriers, installation of systems for drainage of
main body and for capture of springs in the scar area, including the appropriate
agrotechnical measures.
Keywords: landslide, rock flow, investigation, remediation

...- , , lolinm@sicip.co.rs; maleticv@sicip.co.rs

. - - , , e-mail: jevremovic@rgf.bg.ac.rs; dsunaric@gmail.com
3
...- - , , e-mail: katarina.andrejev@rgf. rs
2

483

1.
, , 1518. 2014. , ,
. -
, 19.1.
, (). ,
, - , ,
.
.
I ( ).
,,.
,
, ,
, .
, , ,
.
, , ,
. , (
), .
, , .
, ,,
, ,
,
()
.
,
, ,
a ,
.

2.
, ,
, ,
I .
- 150-600 mnv,
.
-
, 600 1000 mm.

484

 1953-2013. 829,8 mm. 14. 16. 2014.

,,
1925. , 213,2 mm. ,
19 21. 1956, 127,1 mm.

3.
()
, 1: 500,
,
, , ,
, .
:
1 : 500, 10 ha;
: 22 238,80 m,

, , 120 m.
: ,
, ,
.
.
: .

, .

4.
4.1
30-40,
10-15. 20 30
. , ,
- , .
, , ,
. , ,
.
, (. 1
).

485

 1 - , ()
19.05.2014 ( . ).
, :
, -
- ,
. .
,
, ,
. ,, .

() I .

, , (,, ).
, .
( ),
, -.
: ,
,

. ,
.
,
- ,
.
- , , .
-
. , ,
, 10-15 l/s.
486

 , ,
.
- , ,
, ,
,
.
4.2

-
. ,
. - 2-5 m,
10-15 m, 20 m.
: -
:
, . , ,
.

. ,
, .
.
, .

, - : = 19 - 22
kN/m3, = 17 - 22, c = 10 - 25 kN/m2, ' = 11 - 13, c' = 0,00 - 0,84 kN/m2, s 10.000
MPa, = 3.000 - 5.000 kN/m2, = 0,38, Vp = 350 - 410 m/sec, = 89 - 2322 m.
: = 11,16 - 12,56
c = 0 - 3 kN/m2.

, . ,
, ,
- .
- .
, . ,
, .
, ,
( ), ,
. ,
.

487

 2014. .
,

.
-

,
. ,
() .
, -
, (. 1. ).
-
, .

- .
.
.
, ,
.
( ). ,
- ,
,
. - ,
, .
.
390 m,
130-140 m. ,
,
(. 2 . 3):
. .
190 m, 40 m,
, 150 m . ,
10-15.
, 25-35.
- , ,
5 m, 10 m.
20 m. , ,
3-5 m 7 m.
4 5 m. , 18.000 m2,
70.000-90.000 m3.

488

 2 - ,, :1
; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 - ; 6 ; 7 , -
; 8 ; 9 ; 10
; 11 - ; 12 ; 13
.

489

 3 - : 1
; 2 ; 3 - ; 4
- ; 5 -
; 6 , ,
; 7 , ; 8 ; 9 .
70 m, 150 m
, 120 m .
, 1-3 m. ,
,
.
, 10-15,
20-30. ,
10-15. ,
25-35 .
, ,
- , , :
5 m, 10 m,
15 m. 4-7 m 8-9 m.
5-6 m. 9.500-10.000 m2,
47.000-56.000 m3.
. 77 m,
150 m, 120 m . ,
. , ,
. ,
,
. 2-3 m, .

490

 30-35, 35. ,
, 10-15. , ,
25-35. 3-4 m,
5 m. 0,7ha,
30.000 m3.
D 55 m,
50 m , 15 m . .
, ,
.
3-4, 6 m. 0,2 ha,
5.000-6.000 m3.
aj , .
, .
, .
3,5-3,7 ha
150.000-180.000 m3.
( )
,
.
1,7 ha, 72.000-88.000 m3. ,
.
,
.

5.

,
,
. , ,
, ,
: , ,
.
,
, ,
. 15 m, 4,8 m
2,00 m, .
, ,
, 11 15 m,
.
491

 - .
.
, , , ,
, .
,
, .
()
- .
.
, .

, ,
.
, ,
,
. 4 l/sec,
2 l/sec.
15-20 l/s .
, ,
50-60 m, 3-5 m.
, ,
.

, ,
,

, , .

, .

[1] Ib 26
, 1 /, ./
, 11 000 , 2014..
[2] ,, ,
/, ./ -
, 2014..

492

 1, 2

- :

:

50- .
.
.
, BAB-87 SRPS
.
: , ,

RAINFORCE
BUILDINGS:
PRACTICE

CONCRETE COLUMN
INTERNATIONAL VS.

OF HIGH RISE
LOCAL DESIGN

Summary:
The article presents typical column design alternatives of typical 50 story high rise
building. It presents international and local design practice on RC columns design in
high rize buildings. Presents comparison of design floor load requirements and load
reduction factors. It discusses on usage of high strength concrete, detail detailing
requirements, and limitations of BAB-87 SRPS standards.
Keywords: high rise building, RC column, High Strength Concrete

1
2

Msc. in. gra. Vladan Vrane, DNEC d.o.o, vladan.vranes@dnec.com

Msc. in. gra. Milan Petrovi, DNEC d.o.o, milan.petrovic@dnec.com

493

1 50- -
- 50-
, . 1 , 44m
38m ,
,
.
6m. 12m,
1m.
3.6m. 35cm.
42m.

1 50-

494

2 M
BAB87 (SRPS) [1]
MB60 ( ), EC2 [2] ACI318 [3]
( ) EC2 (C50/60)
ACI318 (C50) . BAB87 (SRPS)
( - ) MB60 fb=33MPa,
II fb=35.5Mpa.
EC2
fcd=ccfc/m=1.050/1.5=33.33MPa ,
.
cc (

) cc = 0.8-1.0,
cc=0.85 UK. cc
.
fcd =0.8550/1.5=28.33MPa.
m=1.5 .
ACI318 fcd =
0.85fc = 0.650.8550 = 27.625MPa. =0.65
,

EC2. 0.85
cc EC2.
BAB87 (SRPS)
B500, EC2 B500B ACI318 ASTM A615 Grade 75.
fy =500MPa.
2
50 .
.

.
Markabet. Markabet.(C50)
Arm.SRPSB500 Arm.EC2B500B
(C50/60)cilindar
cilindar

Arm.ACI318
ASTMA615
grade75

Sprat

Markabet.
(MB60)kocka

Level

fc,srps(MPa)

fc,ec2(MPa)

fc,aci318(MPa)

fy(Mpa)

fy(Mpa)

fy(Mpa)

50
40
30
20
10
1

60
60
60
60
60
60

50
50
50
50
50
50

50
50
50
50
50
50

500
500
500
500
500
500

500
500
500
500
500
500

500
500
500
500
500
500

2 50-

495

3
JUS (SRPS) U.C7.121 [4], EC 1 [5] ASCE
7-10 [6]
. ( 3) : (SW col.),
(SW slab
0.8kN/m'), (SDL)
(LL). (SDL) 2,0kN/m.

JUS (SRPS) U.C7.121, EC 1 ASCE 7-10 3,0kN/m ( 1).
1
JUS U.C7.121, EC1 ASCE 7-10
[4],[5],[6], :
.
2

, ,
,
,

. JUS
U.C7.121 (kN/m)
2.0
(
0.1x0.1m
1.5kN)

Sprat

Prip.Pov.Stuba

Namena

Level

At(m)

Purpose

50
40
30
20
10
1

42
42
42
42
42
42

Office
Office
Office
Office
Office
Office

. EC 1
(kN/m)
,
2.0 3.0
(

0.05x0.05m 2.0
4.0kN)

. ASCE7-10
(kN/m)
2.4 4.79,
(. 8.9kN)

Opt.(SW,SDLiLLopt.vred.opt.premaSRPS,EC1,ASCE710)
SWcol.(kN/m`) SWslab(kN/m)
9
16
25
36
49
49

8.98
8.98
8.98
8.98
8.98
8.98

SDL(kN/m)

LL(kN/m)

2
2
2
2
2
2

3
3
3
3
3
3

3 50-

4
BAB87 (SRPS)

:

f 0 .3
BAB87 (SRPS):

f 0 .3

496

3
At
0 .6
n

 : t , n . .
EC2 ,
,

.
2 (n 2) 0
; 0 0.7
n
ACI318
,
,
0,7.
4.57
ACI318: f 0.25
; K LL 4( , ); f 0.7
K LL AT

EC2: f

4
:
Sprat

SRPSkoef.red.
korisnogopt.

EC2koef.red. ACI318koef.red.
korisnogopt.
korisnogopt.

Level

af

af

50
40
30
20
10
1

0.763
0.481
0.431
0.408
0.394
0.385
0.450
averagef

1.000
0.755
0.729
0.719
0.715
0.712
0.748
averagef

0.603
0.603
0.603
0.603
0.603
0.603
0.603
averagef

4
,
,
50 f=0.45.

EC2 f=0.75.
,
,

f=2.1/1.50.45=0.63, 11%

. ( ),
1.0,
, 30%
.
ACI318
,
497


0.6,
,
f=2.1/1.60.45=0.59,
f =1.6/1.50.60=0.64, 11%
. . ( ),
1.0, ACI318
, 15% .

,


EC2 ACI318.

.
.
:
( 15%);
;
;

; ,
; ;
,
.

2:
2 ()

BAB 87 (SRPS)
EC 0
ACI 318

1.9
1.35
1.2

2.1
1.5
1.6

2
:
BAB87 (SRPS):1.9x(SW+SDL)+2.1xLL,
EC0:1.35x(SW+SDL)+1.5xLL,
ASCE 7-10:1.2x(SW+SDL)+1.6xLL.

498

6 -

.
10 ,
. ( 5) 1400x1400mm,
200mm,
10 600x600mm.
5,
10 . 12
100mm . 2%.
25mm.
Br.Red.Glavne Br.Sip.Glavne Prec.Glavne
Arm.
JednaStrana
Arm.

Sprat

Vis.zgrade

Dim.stuba

Level

H(m)

a(mm)

na

bpersi

50
40
30
20
10
1

180
144
108
72
36
3.6

600
800
1000
1200
1400
1400

4
4
4
4
4
4

4
6
8
8
9
9

Poprecne
uzengije

Pov.Glavne
Arma.

Kof.Arm.

bardia.(mm)

/l

Ar(mm)

Ratio(%)

25
25
25
25
25
25

12/100
12/100
12/100
12/100
12/100
12/100

7850
11775
15700
15700
17662.5
17662.5

2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%

7


( 6) BAB87(SRPS),
EC2 ACI318 , 3.6m.
50 =21.

BAB87 (SRPS) dop=25, EC2 dop=42-13.2 (
) ACI318 dop=34 ( 1=0,
M2=0, 1 2 ). oj
EC2 ACI318
:

lim,EC 2 20 A B C / n
: =0.7 (. .), B=1.1 (. .), C=0.7 (. .), n

lim, ACI 318 34 12 (

: M1=0 (..), 2=0 (. .)

499

M1
)
M2

N ED
Ac fcd

dop.vitk.BAB
dop.vitk.EC2
87(SRPS)

Sprat

Dim.stuba

Vitk.stuba

Level

a(mm)

,srps

50
40
30
20
10
1

600
800
1000
1200
1400
1400

21
16
12
10
9
9

25
25
25
25
25
25

dop.vitk.ACI
318

Prip.Pov.
Stuba

,ec

,aci

At(m)

40.4
16.5
14.9
14.5
14.6
13.0

34
34
34
34
34
34

42
42
42
42
42
42

6

7 :
Ar fy
BAB87 (SRPS): N c , SRPS Ac fb (1
); fb 33MPa
Ac fb
N c , EC 2 (( Ac Ar ) fcd Ar fyd ) 0.85;
EC2:

fcd cc

fc

0.85

50
500
28.33Mpa; fyd
434.78MPa
1.5
1.15

ACI318: N c , ACI 318 0.8 [0.85 f c` ( Ac Ar ) f y Ar ]

Sprat

Dim.stuba

Level

a(mm)

50
40
30
20
10
1

600
800
1000
1200
1400
1400

Nc,srps(MN)

Nc,ec(MN)

Nc,aci(MN)

13.1
22.9
35.4
49.9
67.4
67.4

11.4
19.5
29.5
40.1
54.6
54.6

9.8
16.9
25.8
35.6
47.5
47.5

7 50

BAB87(SRPS) 2040% EC2 ACI318 .
BAB87 (SRPS)
20-40% EC2 ACI318 . EC2 ACI318


.
1 ( 8)
EC2 ACI318 .
EC2 ACI318
, ACI318
80%, EC2 ,

500

 85%
.

ACI318

EC2

8 1400x1400mm EC2 ACI318

SRPSuticajiiiskoriscenost
napona

EC2uticajiiiskoriscenost
napona

ACI318uticajiiiskoriscenost
napona

Sprat

Dim.stuba

Level

a(mm)

Nu,srps(MN)

Nu/Nc(%)

Nu,ec(MN)

Nu/Nc(%)

Nu,aci(MN)

Nu/Nc(%)

50
40
30
20
10
1

600
800
1000
1200
1400
1400

1.1
12.0
23.2
34.8
47.2
59.0

9%
53%
65%
70%
70%
88%

0.9
9.1
17.5
26.4
35.8
44.8

8%
47%
59%
66%
66%
82%

0.7
7.9
15.4
23.2
31.6
39.6

7%
47%
59%
65%
66%
83%

9 50

5%-10%.
.
MB60
,
,
,

.
.
,

501

 ,
.

8
:

,

(EC2, ACI318).
:
1.


EC2 ACI318 .
2.
EC1 SRPS
2kN/m2, ASCE 7-10 y
2.4kN/m2.
3.



,

EC2
ACI318.
4.
, , ,
SRPS
5-10% EC2 ACI318.
5.

, MB60, ao
,
.

.

Pravilnik BAB87 SRPS

EN 1992-1-1 2004Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings

318-14: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary

JUS (SRPS) U.C7.121Dejstvanakonstrukcije

EN 1991-1-1-2002 Actions on structures Part 1-1: General actions Densities,selfweight, imposed loads for buildings

ASCE 7-10Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

Design of High-Strength Concrete Members Australia

502

 1, 2

3
:

,

.
CAD GIS , 3
.
3 ,
,
.
.
: , GIS , , .

CALCULATED QUANTITIES BASED ON 3D MODEL OF

CHANNEL
Summary:
Channels are complex line objects whose basic goal of defining the necessary
measurment and works to revitalize their supporting road network, which will
provide effective protection against floods predetermined rank within the defended
tape. Based on a thorough analysis placed upon overcoming CAD and GIS
technology, enabled the formation of a 3D channel model based on a digital terrain
model.Calculating quantities of 3D channel model is performed using cross-sections,
where the field lines obtained by forming a digital terrain model, overlapped with
the projected type of cross sections, based on the difference of the terrain and the
projected cross section is calculated cubic volume of excavation or embankment.
Keywords: channel, GIS technology, cross sections, bill of quantities.

1
2

M. .., , , e-mail: nikolinamijic7@gmail.com

.., ..., , , e-mail: milorad.janic@sfb.bg.ac.rs

503

1.

.
. ,
.
,
.

, [1].
: , , , . 2 ,
[2].
Delaunay ,
, : ,
, , [2]. - 3 ,
, , () ,
, ,
.

2.
3 .
3 , utoCAD - 3DFACE. 3
3 4 , Z
, . 3
, 3
[1].

. ,
.
. .
(),

.
,
, .
.
, , ,
.
Delaunay [3]. ,
(Triangulated Irregular Network).
, ,
. ( 1.).

504

 1. -
Delaunay
. ,
,
[2].
, Delaunay ,
( 2. 3.)

2.-
505

 3. -

3.
Survey 1990.
.
, , 4 000
50 .

. 1996.
- .
C VisualLISP AutoCAD-a.
1996. 2015. .
AutoCAD,
[3].
,
:
- ,
- ,
- .
, ,
3 .
,
(), [4].

506

4.
: (),
(), (),
, , .
.
[5].
, ,
.
(). ,
,
.
. ,
, , .
, , ,
.
. ,
.
, R 6l,
=3l, l .
,
a .
, .
[5].
4.1.
()
, ,Y,Z .
,
: , ,
. ,
,
. :
1. ,
2. ,
3.
4. .

, . ,
,
layer - .

. ,
. ,

507

 ,
.
,
Z ,
- . 3 ,

( 4.).

4. - 3
5. ,
3 .

5. - 3

508

4.2.
,

, .
.
, .
,
[6].
,

( 6.).

6. - 1
1. -

Fu

Fn

Vu

Vn

[m]
[m2]
[m2]
[m3]
[m3]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[m3]

PR 1

0+000.00

5.71

2.68

0.00

PR 2

0+030.00

4.48

1.57

152.85

63.75

89.10

PR 3

0+046.34

11.39

12.13

129.66

111.93

17.73

PR 4

0+049.36

14.21

13.38

38.66

38.52

0.14

PR 5

0+050.11

14.85

13.44

10.90

10.06

0.84

PR 6
.
.
:

0+065.43

13.02

14.9

213.48

217.08

-3.60

25686.36

22795.75

2890.62

509

5.
3
.
,
.
3 . (
), ,
.
,
,
.

Autodesk, Inc., AutoLISP / Programmer's Reference // Autodesk Inc., 2014.

,
/ M. // , 1993.

utoLISP 10, 11 and 12 - programming / M. // , ,

2014.

, , / // M.
// 98, , 1998.

Spatial Modelling by Delaunay Networks of Two and Three Dimensions / . //

Norwegian Institute of Technology, University of Trondheim, 1993.

/ // , 2006.

EARTHWORK VOLUME CALCULATION FROM DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS / .

, . , . , . // ICEGD2015 , , 2015.

510

 1, 2, 3

,

:
, , , .

, ,
.

.

, .
: , , , .

PROJECT MANAGEMENT, QUALITY AND SUCCESS

FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES
Summary:
We are living in time of great opportunities, but also serious challenges. Today,
because of the intensive development of technology, as well as raising competition
in the market project management is becoming an important area. The tendency is
that the realization of projects is becoming as short as possible, has to have a
satisfactory quality and well written budget. This paper will show results of a
research which was conducted in construction companies in Bosnia and
Herzegovina about project management, factors of quality and success.
Keywords: Project management, quality, success, results.

.., .., , 30, zanesahandzar@yahoo.com

.., . .,
3
., . .,
2

511

1.
, ,
.
, ( ),
, ,
,
.
, ,
o , , ,
.[5]

2.

.
.

.
, .
, ,
.
,
. ,

.
: ,
, : 9000, Q
(otal Quality Managament), Six Sigma, , 5,
,
. ,
[1]
j
, .

,
. [2][3][4].

3.

,
.
.
.

512


. [6]
: , , .
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
.
,
. [8] [9]

4.
,
, ,
. , ,
,
,
. Kruskal-Waillisov (

, , ).



.
,
(1 , 2 ,..., 6
), j
(, , , )
. - web
- docs.google.com- 1401 , 79
, 810 (
.), 512 .
, , ( )
, ,

.
Kruskal-Waillisovim ,
0,05 MannWhitneyevim /
T- ,
16.0,

513

,
/, / [7]. Relative Importance Index
(RII) 0 1, ,
.

5.
( 1)
(RII=0,838),
(RII=0,827),
, ...(RII=0,823),
(RII=0,783), (RII=0,793), , ... (RII=0,783),
(RII=0,783), (RII=0,770),
(RII=0,766), (RII=0,764),
(RII=0,736). :
, , , ...,
, ,, ..., ,
, , ,
.
( 1)
o . 2
. ,
1
. 2
/
, /.
, 3 ,
/.
4 /

, . ,
5
/. ,
6
/. ,
7
/.
, 8

/. 9
,
/. ,
10
/. ,
11

514

 /.
, 11,
/.

1 -
Figure 1 - The importance of quality factors
( 1)
(RII=0,827),

515

 (RII=0,821), (RII=0,816), (RII=0,806),

(RII=0,795), (RII=0,762),
(RII=0,757).
(RII=0,854), (RII=0,826), (RII=0,826),
/ (RII=0,858),
(RII=0,840) (RII=0,827),
(RII=0,821),
(RII=0,810) (RII=0,798).

2 -
Figure 2 - The quality factor and phase of the project (project participants)

516

 1 - Relative Importance Index (RII)

, Kruskal-Wallis 16.0
3.

3 -
Figure 3 - Success Factor "Mission" and phase of the project (project participants)

517

6.
, /
e
.
,
.
( ).

,
.

'''' : ,
, , .

[1] Construction quality in China during transition: A review of literature and empirical
examination, /P. Yung, B. Yip//, International Journal of Project Management 28, 2010.,
pp. 7991
[2] A Review of Safety and Quality Issues in the Construction Industry, /A. C. Ogwueleka//,
Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, Korea, 2013., pp. 42-48,
[3] Management of Safety for Quality Construction, /N.H. Husin, H. Adnan, K. Jusoff//,
Journal of Sustainable Development, 2008., pp. 41- 47
[4] A framework for building quality into construction projects- Part I, /C.D. Joaquin, D.
Hernandez, E. Aspinwall//, Total Quality Management, vol. 19, no. 10, 2008., pp. 10131028
[5] , /. //, , 2011.,
[6] Exploring critical success factors for partnering in construction projects, /Chan A.P.C.,
Chan D.W.M., Y.H. Chiang, B.S. Tang, E.H.W. Chan, K.S.K. Ho.//, Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE 130 (2), 2004., pp. 188198
[7] The use of project management software in construction industry, /M. Vukomanovi, M.
Radujkovi , Z. D. Alduki//, Technical Gazette 19, 2012., pp. 249-258
[8] Success of projects in different organizational conditions, /I. Hyvri//, Project Management
Journal, 2006., pp. 31-41
[9] Critical Success Factors of Large Design-Build Projects in Vietnam, /C.N. Dang, L. LeHoai, Y. D. Lee//, Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, 2012.,
pp. 30-39

518

 1, 2

:
( c )

.
Brinch Hansen
.
: , ,

SELECTION OF FAILURE CRITERIA FOR DEFINING THE

PARAMETERS OF SHEAR STRENGTH
Summary:
It is not simple to interpretate the results of parameters of shear strength ( c and )
which we get from the tests of direct shear or tiaxial test, if the results of shear
process is in hyperbolic dependence. In this article, Brinch Hansens critetia is
accepted and it is proven that the breaking point is a fuction of horizontal asymptote
on shear curve.
Keywords: strength parameters, breaking point, rectangular hyperbola

1
.., .., 11000 ,
43, e-mail :simo.tosovic@gmail.com
2
, ,

519

1.

; ,
. ,
, .
,
. 2:3, ,
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
.
, , .

.
. .
, .
, .
Brinch Hansen (
(1-3)
10%
, . ,
, , ,
.
,
.

2.

(.Brinch Hansen, 1963):

a *b

(1)

, Brich Hansen
:

(2)

a b *
520

(3)

a b *

, : ,
, . Ducan-Change-ov
(Kondnerov)

.

b :

x
a x *b

:
y - ( ) ,
( 1 3 ) .

x - ( l ) ,
, ( h / H )
.
-
x,y
b -
y .
.
a b (Kalhawy and Duncan,
1972.) .
a b .

x/y y . ,
, (
) . ,
,
, y x .
30%
70% . ,
.

,
,
.

521

3. F (1 / b)

.
:

p
p
* f f * (1
)
100
100

(5)

(kPa) -
f (kPa) -
p(%) - :
k * l f
(6)

a k * l f * b
:
-
l f (mm)
(mm/kPa)-
b (1/kPa)

l f

(7)

a l f * b

p
(1
)
100
f
f , (6) (7) (8) :
p
k * (a b * l )
)=(
(1
100
a k * b * l
l f
l f

p
))
100
p
b*k *
100

(8)

(9)

a * (k (1

(10)

,
:

522

p
k (1
)
1
100
f
*
* ult C * ult
p
p
b
(1
) * (k 1)
(1
) * (k 1)
100
100
k (1

p
)
100

(11)

:
ult (kPa) b ..

C p k

f 0.818 * ult
p 20% k 4 , C = 0.777 , f 0.777 * ult

p 10% k 2 , C=0.818,

, ,
.
.
, ()
,
.
Brich Hansenove preporuke

max / ult 0.7 ( p 10%, k 2 ), 0.9
( p 20%, k 4).

( )
( 1 3 ) .

4.
USCS . CL, AASHTO
A-7-6 G=20,
.
1.
10%
1. ,
.
1.

D (mm)

<0.02
21

0.020.06
55

0.062.0
23

2.060
1

>60
0

(kN/m )
17.5

12.5

523

IP

IC

(%)
39.5

50

27

23

0.4

50kPa
1
1
56.8
ult
b 0.0176
f 0.818 * ult 45.6 kPa

kPa;

p 10% ,

k 2,

C=0.818=>

kPa;

p 10% ,

k 2,

C=0.818=>

kPa;

p 10% ,

k 2,

C=0.818=>

150kPa
1
1

132
b 0.00756
f 0.818 * ult 108 kPa
450kPa
1
1
323
ult
b 0.00310
f 0.818 * ult 264 kPa

ult

20 % 2.
,
.

50kPa
1
1
56.8
ult
b 0.0176
f 0.777 * ult 44.1 kPa

kPa;

p 20% ,

k 4,

C=0.777=>

kPa;

p 20% ,

k 4,

C=0.777=>

kPa;

p 20% ,

k 4,

C=0.777=>

150kPa
1
1

132
b 0.00756
f 0.777 * ult 103 kPa
450kPa
1
1
323
ult
b 0.00310
f 0.777 * ult 251 kPa

ult

524

 1. 10 %

1. 20 %

525

 3. c
3. ( c )
.
2. (c )
.
2.

P=10%

k=2
kPa)
kPa)
31
23
C (kPa)
(0)
31
28

P=20%

k=4
22
27

5.
10%
, 20%
.
.

NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF STRESS AND STRAIN IN SOILS J.Soil,Mech,

Found,Div,ACE.Vol.89.No.SM1/Duncan J.M./ ,(1970)

HYPERBOLIC STRESS-STRAIN RESPONSE COHEZIVE SOIL J.Soil,Mech,

Found,Div,ACE.Vol.89.No.SM4./Brich Hansen J/,(1963)/

, DK:624.041.61=861/
, / 49 (2006) 3-4 (67-71)
526

 1, 2

SQUAT

:

squat ( 227 UIC
712) j .
.

squat ,

squat. 227
.
: 227 (squat),

RAIL DEFECT FROM SQUAT

STATION "PANCEVO VAROS"

TYPE

ON

RAILWAY

Summary:
This Professional paper contains recognition of terrain surrounding Pancevo Varos
railway station and analysis of rail defect known as "squat" (defect 277
categorization in accordance to UIC 712 [1]) visualy recognized by inspection of
main rail track. Professional paper contains data for Pancevo varos railway hub and
it connectivity with Belgrade railway hub. Based on what has been detailed
controled, statistical analysis of "squat" has been made. Analysis also includes
traffic loading action, type and layout of sleepers and rail steel fatigue represented
through SQUAT occurrence. As bottom line, treatment of rail defect type 227 has
been presented along with automated form filling for rail defect.
Keywords: rail defect type 227 (squat), railway station Pancevo Varos

1
2

Msc.in.gra. Dragana Dabi, "Metaloprojekt" d. o. o. alinaka bb Smederevo,d.dabic89@gmail.com

Msc.in.gra. Vladan Vrane, DNEC d.o.o, Bulevar Mihajla Pupina 115v Beograd, vladan.vranes@dnec.com

527

2014.

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squat . squat
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SQ1, SQ2
.
1 squat 87%
2, 13% 3. 2
270 m 3

3. , squat 2
squat 3. 2
2 3 . 3

534

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. 15
cm . : 60 cm
60 cm. squat 0.2, 0.5 2
mm. 5 squat .
squat 2 3
.

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6.4

.
.
,,, .
75% squat
,
[5].
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INNOTRACK D4.2.4 [6], 74%
535

squat .
squat ,
( 4 4). squat ( 10 15%)

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1 ,
, 2.
, squat 2.
3. , squat
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squat . squat
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squat : , ,
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squat
, xcel
.

UIC - International Union of Railways: "UIC Code 712 Rail Defects", 4th edition

European Commission: Technical Specification for Interoperability Sub.Infrastruc.

. , . , 65 (2013), 251-259

International Union of Railways: "UIC Code 725 Treatment of rail defects", 2007

Rail Damages, the Blue Book of RailTrack, February, 2001, UK.

INNotrack D4.2.4, Improved model for loading and subsequent deterioration due to
squats and corrugation

536

 1, 2

-
:
, 0-2
. ( 0-2 mm)
, - -
.
- -
: - , . ,-
.,-
- , -
1030 %,- -
, -
30 % .
: , - , a, ,.

ANTIGORIT INFLUENCE TO THE PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF CEMENT LIME MORTARS
Sumarry: Antigorite is a kind of serpentinite which is being processed in black terrazzo
grain while 0-2 mm granulation remains as a byproduct of low usability and cost. In this
work, the influence of antigorite (size class 0-2 mm) is checked-tested on the technological,
rheological and physical -mechanical characteristics of cement-lime extension mortar for
internal plastering.
Experimental researches proved that antigorite in cement-lime mortars has influence on the
following characteristics of cement-lime mortars:
- has a great influence on the setting time of the cement-lime mortars, , increasing demand
for water for achieving the optimum consistency, - improves the capability of the cement-lime
mortars remaining on the wall, - falling plaster with smooth walls and ceilings can be
successfully solved by the addition of antigorite in the mortar in the amount of 10-30%,
Antigorite added into the cement-lime mortars decreases the bonding strength and the
compressive strength.From the standpoint of the use of antigorite in the cement-lime mortars
its use in the quantity of up to 30% is recommended.
Key words: antigorite, cement-lime mortar, technological , rheological, physical and
mechanical properties

1
, , , 73, 11000
, , @....
2
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547

11.
1. ., . (), ,
- - , ,
, 2013.
2. . , , 1995.
3. , ., , . , - ,
, , , , , 1999.
4. . ,
, 1 2, , 2000.
5. H. Knoblauch, U. Schneider, Bauchemie , Werner-Verlag GmbH- Dsseldorff- 1995.
6. Andrea Glatthor, Strkeether als rheologisches Additiv in Trockenmrteln,
Schleibinger Rheologie-Kolloquium Regensburg, 2005
7. ,.
, , ,
, 1996.

8. , . ,
, 2008.

9. .. , . , .. , ,
2000.

10. , , ,

1990
11. Andrea Glatthor, Strkeether als rheologisches Additiv in Trockenmrteln,
Schleibinger Rheologie-Kolloquium Regensburg, 2005
12.
" " , ,
1989
13. Celluloseether zur Steuerung der Rheologie von Trockenmrtel, Wolff Cellulosics
GmbH & Co. KG, Walsrode Germany 2003
14. http://www.setylose.de/z_tds/TDS_e/TDS_Tylovis_SE_7_B_e.pdf,
Oitano:19.10.2010.

548

 1, 2, .3, 4

2 - -
:
--
(NAMA National
Appropriate Mitigation Action)
(UNFCCC).

.

CO2 2
.
: NAMA, 2, , -

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND REDUCE EMISSIONS OF CO2

NEW BUILDING FACEG IN BANJA LUKA
Summary:
The new building project of the Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and
Geodesy was nominated as a measure for climate change mitigation (NAMA National Appropriate Mitigation Action) according to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The main objective of this
project is to solve the problems of spatial and technological capacity by energy
efficient and nature friendly building. The aim of this study is to establish a viable
instrument for building energy management that will enable a reduction in CO2
emissions compared to the educational facilities emissions of CO2 considering its
typical spatial configuration and building materialization in Banja Luka.
Keywords: NAMA, CO2 emission, energy efficiency, FACEG new building

, ..., , , --

2
, UNDP
3
, . .., , , --
4
, . .., , , --

549

1
-- ()
.
, , ,
,
, a.

,
. 2008.
-
-. -
,
,
,
( ).
.
. 2012. .
-
(NAMA National Appropriate Mitigation Action) 2015.
,
(UNFCCC).
NAMA
,
, [1]. NAMA

GHG .
-,
2
,
.5

2.
2
(NEEAP) 2012.
,
. [2] 60% ,
80%. ,
,
[1].

NAMA Sustainable and energy efficient building of Faculty of architecture, civil engineering and geodesy
CO2
Carbon Forum Asia, 2015. , .

550

 (SEAP)
2010.
1990. 1.457. 944,38 MWh, 2 664 322,94 t.
, 90% 2
, 10% . [3] 80 - 90%

, , , ,
.

, .
,

, . ,
,
,
.

25%
, .
0.55 t
CO2eq , 2025. .
,
4,2 t CO2eq [1].
,


, 2013. .
, ,
,
.
.
(Energy Performance of
Buildings Directive - Directive 2002/91/EC, EPBD) e
,
. 2002.

.
, 2010.

2030. , [4].
2013. ,
,
, , 2
,
, ,
, [5].

551

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,

( 93.) [6].
(Covenant of Mayors) 2009.
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[3].
CO2 20% 2020. .
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;
552

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;
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-

;
-
.

4.
CO2

-,
15 kWh/m2 , 120
kWh/m2 , n50 0,6 h-1.
- .
, 2012. ,
3,5 l/s,
12 C,
15 C.

9,0 l/s. [7]

.
,
.
,

. 100 m/h
2,
100 m/h .
[8] ,

. ,
, U 0,8 1,1 W/m2K,
1 EN 12207/2001.
he Passive House Institute ,
. [7]
553



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. [7]

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0+,

. [7]
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kWh/m2 - +.
() - 107.463 kWh/. 1. [8]
1
/
/ kWh/m2

8.1

2.6

0.9

2.9

0.3

14.8

554

 CO2
EN 15603,
.6
- 36 kWh/m2, 2
11 kg/m2.

, 36 kWh/m2
2 11 kg/m2, 74.6 t . [8]
, ,


2013. .
- 15.091.874,35 ,
2.147,39 /m2.


.

6.460.000,00 . ,

1 100 000 kWh/.

.

17.45 . ,
, ,
-
2. [8]
2 ,

14.8 kWh/m2

36
CO2
11 kg/m2
CO2
74.6 t/
CO2 (MtCO2e)
67.1 MtCO2e

15.091.874,35 M

2.147,39 M/m2

17.45

(fp) 0,50
CO2 (K) 7 kg/MWh,
(fp) 4,05 CO2 (K) 1340 kg/MWh.

2,45 CO2 740,15 kg/MWh. -
2014. , j 45%
55% ().
6

555

5.
,
2 -
, ,
.
, -
.
, ,
.
,

.
( )
45 - 60 kWh/m2,
CO2 (t/) 20 - 30% ,
7 . 2 - 2

, , 70%. 3. [8]
3

.
. .

CO2 / kg/m2
136.3
111.2
67.5
47.9
11
CO2 / t/
376.6
307
102.9
72.9
74.6
. CO2 / t/ /
757.4
/
326.2
74.6
CO2 / t/
/
682,8
/
251,6
/
%
/
90%
/
77%
/

[1]
Climate Change Adaptation and Low-Emission Development Strategy for Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Adapted by the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013.
[2]
(NEEAP)
, 2012.
[3]
(SEAP), 2010.
[4]
, 2010.
[5]
, . . .59/13, 2013.
[6]
, . . .40/13, 2013.
[7]
, ,
- / .. , . , . //
- , , 2012.
[8]

/ .. // ,
- , , 2014.

556

 1, 2, 3

BROWNINFO :

:
(. rownfields)

.
: , ,
. ,

,
. ,

BrownInfo.
: , a , ,

BROWNINFO METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE KEY FOR

ACTIVATION OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS
Summary:
Brownfield spaces are unrecognized of cities and significant strategic reserve of
spaces. The initial step towards urban renewal of these spaces is their identification,
evaluation, assessment of development potential and their promotion. Interactive,
GIS and web oriented digital database of brownfields is useful tool for its promotion
and visibility that makes process of brownfield regeneration more efficient and
faster. Therefore, the paper presents the unique methodology for development of
interactive brownfield databases and bundled software BrownInfo.
Keywords: brownfields, database, urban renewal, sustainability.

1
... , -o- ,
tvujicic@aggfbl.org
2
... , , , adjukic@rcub.bg.ac.rs
3
... , , , - o- ,
dsimonovic@aggfbl.org

557

BROWNINFO

BrownInfo -
(Methodological Framework for Development Of Brownfield Databases)

-- [1].
2014. 12

160 .

- (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit),
,
, ,
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.
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4)

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BrownInfo , 3)
,
,
4) ,
,
,
, 5) - Internatonal Academic Conference
BrownInfo 2014 , 6)
.

2
,
[2]:

558



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559

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INOVA-
BrownInfo ..,
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BrownInfo .
, ,

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, BrownInfo
BrownInfo ,
,
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58 110 .
: www.geoinova.com/brf BrownInfo
(http://bit.ly/browninfo2014) ( 2.).

2.
(: www.geoinova.com/brf)

5 BROWNINFO
BrownInf :
, , /
.
562

 ,
BrownInf ,
.

. ,
Business Friendly Cities, ,
BrownInf
/ .
,
( /,
) ( ), BrownInf

. , BrownInf

(greenfield) .

,
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BrownInf

.
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563

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[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

BROWNINFO. Prirunik za uspostavljanje interaktivne baze podataka braunfild

lokacija / A. uki, T. Vujii, (Ur.) // Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci Arhitektonskograevinsko-geodetski fakultet, Njemako drutvo za meunarodnu saradnju GIZ i
INOVA informatiki inenjering d.o.o., 2014, Banjaluka.
: ,
/ A. , T. , . , . // ..
, . , . , (.) ,
,
, 2014, , . 249-260.
Methodological framework for brownfiled database developement in the Republic of
Srpska / . uki, D. Simonovi, T. Vujii // in A. uki, D.Simonovi, T. Vujii,
(Eds) BROWNINFO. Toward a Methodological Framework for Brownfield Database
Development, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Architecture Civil Engineering and
Geodesy, 2014, Banja Luka, p.p. 15-20.
owards a strategy of regeneration of urban landscape: brownfields as a strategic
resource / D. Simonovi, N. Novakovi, T. Vujii // In Proceedings of I International
Conference Ecology of urban areas, Faculty of Technical Sciences Mihajlo Pupin,
2011, Zrenjanin, p.p. 439-449
/ . ., . , .
, . // . , . ().

, - ,
2008, , . 279-294.
Model of analysis of industrial structures as a tool for creation of brownfiled databases:
a case study of the Incel industrial complex in Banja Luka / T. Vujii, D. Simonovi,
D. Ili, // in A. uki, D. Simonovi, T. Vujii, (Eds) BROWNINFO. Toward a
Methodological Framework for Brownfield Database Development, University of Banja
Luka, Faculty of Architecture Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 2014, Banja Luka, p.p.
135-156.
Urban regeneration of brownfield locations / A. uki & T. Vujii // U A. uki, M.
Surbock, V. Vukovi, M. Stankovi, C. Luchsinger, & P. Nigst (Ur.), Reassembling the
City Urban Regeneration of the Brownfield Area Rudi ajavec in Banja Luka,
University of Banja Luka Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Vienna
University of Technology Institute of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture,
Carinthia University of Applied Sciences School of Civil Engineering & Architecture,
2014, Banja Luka, p.p. 25-57.
564

CIP -

,
69(082)
624(082)
71/72(082)
-
(11 ; 2015 ; )
/ XI
- , , 14. 15. 2015. ;
,
... [ .] = Contemporary Theory and
Practice in Building Development / 11th International Scientific
Technical Conference, Banja Luka, 14 & 15 may 2015 ; organizers
Ministry of Spatial Planning Civil Engineering and Ecology of the
Government of the Republic of Srpska ... [et al .] ; [
; ... [ .]]. -
: : - ,
2015. - 588 . : . ; 25 cm
300. - . . - Summary.
ISBN 978-99976-642-0-4 ( )
1. ,
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COBISS.RS-ID 5009432