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Dien Khinensmc 141118073625 Conversion Gate02
Dien Khinensmc 141118073625 Conversion Gate02
GII THIU V
THC HNH V
H THNG IN
KH NN
MC LC
Phn A :
Phn B :
L THUYT C BN V IN HC
Dng in l g?.........
Tnh in..
Pin, dng 1 chiu .....
c qui. .......
My pht.....
Cc nh lut c bn...
Mch c bn.....
nh lut Ohm...
on mch ni tip......
on mch song song.....
nh lut Kirchhoff. .
Hin tng t tnh. .
T trng...
in t trng..
Hin tng cm ng
Nguyn ly my pht in, dng in xoay chiu.
My bin p ..
Cun ht in t ..
Lc in t v khe kh.....
Qu kch cun ht 1 chiu.......
Dng in xoay chiu v 1 chiu.......
Ngun xng /gi.......
Lch pha........
Vng ngn mch..........
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Phn t iu khin.....
Role......
Nguyn l... ..
c tnh tip im ...
Chc nng role....
Role chn cm..
Role mch in..
Chc nng c bit..
Role cht....
Role thi gian....
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Phn C
Thit k mch
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Cc tiu chun. .. 19
B tr s .... 19
Mch in - kh nn. 20
Mch c bn...... 20
Mch nhn tip im.... 20
Mch gi.... 20
Mch o tip im..... 22
Mch nh thi .. 22
Xilanh chuyn ng lp li.. 23
n chp. 23
Mch xung.... 24
Chuyn ng lp li thay i.. . 24
iu khin trnh t (k chui)... 24
Phng php th v sai...... 24
H thng bc thang...... 28
Nguyn l bc... 31
Phn D
Ph lc
H n v SI. ..
K hiu theo chun IEC.....
Thit b dn in v kt ni.
Thit b n v tn hiu....
Phng php v thit b tc ng.
K hiu tip im..
V d k hiu hon chnh..
Role c in..
Cc cp bo v...
Th vin cc mch ph......
Mch khi ng...
Khi ng trc tip......
Kha ngun an ton bn trong...
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A.
L THUYT C BN V IN HC
I.
Th no l dng in?
1.
2.
Nha vt ly ngi , Count Alessandro Volta (1945 1827) ngi a c nhiu pht minh va
khm pha quan trng v Pin. Pin bao gm 2 bn cc kim loi khc nhau c
nhng vo dung dch nc axit. Phn ng ny sinh ra dng in. tng cng
sut, Volta a xp nhiu bn cc ny li tn dng ngun nng lng in.
Pin Volta ny c s dng trong thi gian di. in p phu thuc vo loi
kim loi c s dng lm cc in cc. Vi thnh phn nh trn, chng ta
gi l Pin kh.
Nha vt ly ngi , gio s y khoa L. Galvani (1937 1798) a pht minh ra Pin t hay
cn gi l Pin Galvanic. Mt pin galvanic c bn l mt bnh cha axit
sulfuric long (c xem nh cht in phn), mt thanh km va mt thanh
ng. Thanh ng mang in tch dng va thanh km mang in tch m.
Ni 2 thanh ny bng mt dy dn va s xut hin dng in chy trong dy
dn ny.
iu gi s xy ra?
Thanh km gii phng ion dng vo dung dch axit, do electron m cn li bm trn
thanh km. Tin trnh tip tc cho n khi t c mt in t cn bng .
Hin tng tng t a xy ra vi thanh ng. Nhng cui cng, thanh km
tch ly nhiu eletron m hn thanh ng. Nu ni 2 thanh ny bng dy dn
kim loi thi cc electron s di chuyn t thanh km sang thanh ng: mt dng
in a c to ra.
Khi pin hot ng, cc electron trong cht in phn di chuyn t in cc km sang in
cc ng. iu ny gy nn s phn hy cht in phn. Khi Hydro c sinh ra,
va phu ln trn in cc ng va lm cho cc electron ngng hot ng. Phn
axit cn li bm vo thanh km. iu ny lm gim nng lng in ng mt
cch nhanh chng. trnh hin tng ny, thanh ng nn phu mt lp kim loi
chng n mn khi Hydro bm vo s ha vo mi trng nc bng cch gii
phng khi Oxy. iu ny cho php ko di tui tho pin.
S khc nhau v in tch ca 2 bn cc c gi l in th hay lc in ng va c n
v o: Volt.
Do vy, ta c th tra li rng: Dng in l dng chuyn di ca cc ht mang in tch
3.
c quy
Tng t nh pin, nhng c quy s dng 2 thanh ch. Cht in phn ny cng c
nhng trong dung dch axit sulfric. Ty theo iu kin cng tc m nng dung
dch khc nhau. Nu nng dung dch cao gy ra hin tng sun pht ha bn
cc :
Pb + H2SO4 PbSO4 + H2
Khi c quy phng in, khi Hydro s di chuyn n cc m ca bn cc va phn gc axit
cn li s di chuyn n bn cc th 2. Mt mt, khi Hydro kt hp li vi ch sun
pht to ra ch nguyn cht bn cc m, va mt khc, axit li kt hp vi
axit sulfuric theo phng trnh phn ng sau:
H2 + PbSO4 + 2H2O Pb + PbSO4 + 2H2O
Ngc li, khi np in cho c quy qu trnh xy ra theo hng ngc li:
Pb + PbSO4 + 2H2O PbSO4 + PbSO4 + 2H2O
c quy c np c sc in ng 2V. c 6V, ta mc ni tip 3 c quy thnh t c
quy.
4.
My pht:
My pht c lai bi tuabin nc hoc tuabin hi hoc cc thit b khc. Ngun nng
lng khng l c chuyn i thnh nng lng in va phn phi n ni tiu
thu qua ng dy cao th.
Nguyn ly hot ng da trn hin tng t tnh. Chng ta s cp n phn ny cc
phn sau.
II.
1.
Ngun cung cp
Ti
Cng tc
nh lut Ohm:
3.
on mch mc ni tip:
4.
nh lut Kirchhoff:
III.
1.
T trng:
2.
in t trng:
3.
4.
Quay vng dy trong t trng gia 2 cc ca nam chm, s xut hin dng in cm
ng trong vng dy. Hai u vng dy c ni vi 2 phin gp trn c 2 chi
in lun ti st vo chng.
Gii thch:
Ti na chu ky dng: v tr 1, v vng dy vn ng yn nn cha c dng in.Ti
im 2, khi vng dy bt u quay , a bt u c dng in, dng in cng
tng dn ln n im cc i v tr 4 va bt u gim dn n v tr 7.
Ti na chu ky m: Hin tng cng xy ra tng t t v tr 7 n v tr10 va tip tc chu
ky mi.
5.
My bin th:
Bao gm hai (hoc mt) cun dy, qun quanh li st nh minh ha hnh 2.10a. Dng in
xoay chiu khng nhng to ra trong t trng xoay chiu, m cn ngc li:
mt t trng xoay chiu cng sn sinh ra dng in xoay chiu trong cun dy.
V th, s i pha gia dng in va in p cng nh s thay i gia 2 t
trng c biu din trn hnh 2.10b:
6.
Cun ht in t:
Hnh 2.11b, biu din s nng ca nam chm trong thc t. Bao gm thanh st hnh
ch U . Mt cun dy nm gia thanh st. Phn ng hnh ch U c th di chuyn
v pha thanh st khi cun dy c in. Mch st t ny c 3 khe h khng khi
c lc ht ln nht .Lc ny dng di chuyn cc c cu c khi, van in t, v
tr ng m lun phin.
a. Lc t va khe h khng khi:
Lc t phu thuc rt nhiu vo khe h nht thi gia 2 cc st.
S hnh 2.2 m ta iu ny: Gia phn ng va cc c nh c khong cch 0.6mm
thi lc tc dng l 4N.
Khi hot ng na hnh trnh, c ngha l khong cch 0.3mm, lc tc dng l 6N
Trc khi kt thc hnh trnh ti v tr 0.1mm, lc tc dng s trn 12N
iu ny cho thy sc ht ca nam chm i vi hnh trnh lm vic ca ti l c gii
hn. V th, lc va tc tng ln nhanh chng trong sut hnh trnh.
c.
Ngun xng VA
Ngun gi VA
Ngun DC W
50 Hz
60 Hz
50 Hz
60 Hz
VZ
4.5
4.2
3.5
3.0
1.8
VF
5.6
5.0
3.4
2.3
1.8
Trong trng hp DC, dng v p khng i nn cng sut tnh n gin l: W=V.A.
Trong trng hp xoay chiu, dng v p thay i mt cch n nh. Dng hay p xoay
chiu, tc ng ging nh dng in 1 chiu no , bin i t 0 ti x. 2 .
in p nh ca ngun AC 24v o c gn bng 34V. phn bit ngun DC
v AC, ngun AC c m t dng vn-ampe.
Do dy dn khng dn in hon ton, n c tr khng Ohmic, nn gy ra trt pha.
ng c xoay chiu, c h s cos chnh l gc lch pha v cng sut trung
bnh l:
P= Ueff. Ieff . cos vi Ueff: in p hu ch; Ieff: dng in hu ch.( 1/ 2
gi tr nh)
Cng sut thc tnh theo Watt, Cng sut ngun tnh theoVA.
Nu phn ng b kt, dng in s khng suy gim, cun dy s pht nhit cho n khi
cht cch in b nng chy, t t s lm cun dy b ngn mch v chy.
Lch pha:
Hnh 2.13 v ra lch pha v tr khng Z- tng ca in tr v cm khng. Gi tr tr
khng tnh bng Ohm v ph thuc lch pha.
ii.
Z=
R in tr 2 + R cm khng 2
10
11
B.
I.
1.
Nguyn ly:
12
2.
Lp t b chuyn mch:
3.
S la chn:
13
th dng cho mch c 20mA, 10V, nhng khng dng c mch 1mA, 100V mc d
ch c 0.1W.
Lp t cng tc c tch hp ch th bng LED cn in p ph hp vi LED, thng s
dng cn nm trong dy yu cu. Trong cng tc, khng ch quan tm dng
ln nht m cn quan tm dng nh nht. Khi cng tc lm vic m dn
dng di dng nh nht th LED s khng sng.
Cng tc DC dng trong cc b iu khin chng trnh (Programmable controller) u
c 1 mch bo v v in.
Vic lp Rle (relay) cn c mch bo v hp th dng ngc t ti cm, ...
Nhng v d ny ch ra rng loi cng tc c iu khin c lp trong mch iu khin:
dng IC, rle, PLC. Vic s dng khng ng loi s dn n lm gim tui
th ca cng tc.
II.
Van in t:
1.
a.
Nguyn l Skinner
Nguyn l cu to ca van 2 ca, 2 trng thi c Skinner pht hin vo thp nin 30
ti M c biu din hnh 3.5a. Phn ng (cy ti bn trong van) , bao
quanh ng l vt liu khng t tnh, mt u gn m cao su v tc ng
ca lc l xo lm kn. Khi cun ht c in, phn ng s c tc ng
thng lc l xo va khi c th i qua l thot khi d dng.
Hnh 3.5b l cu to van 3 ca, 2 trng thi, nh hnh 3.5a nhng ta c ca thot bn
trn v m cao su.
hiu r u im ca nguyn l chng ta xem xt chi tit.
Lc ca phn ng v tr bnh thng:
Lc p:
- Lc ca l xo.
- Trng lc ca phn ng.
Lc nng: - Lc ca p lc ngun cp tit din ca ca van.
Lc t phi thng c 2 lc ban u. T trng ca cun dy s mc vng qua ng,
to lc ht khng nhng thng 2 lc ban u m hn na lm tng
khong cch ca phn ng. Lc l xo cc i phi chu c lc ca p lc
v dng chy ln nht
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2.
Sn xut loi van nh trn hnh 3.8 i hi k thut cao, qui trnh phc tp dn n gi
thnh cao. Cc loi van nh van ti , van ng lm kn bng cht n hi chuyn
trng thi bng kh nn v dng cun ht tch hp sn iu khin p lc.
a.
Nguyn ly:
15
b.
tin cy:
16
Nguyn ly:
R le hot ng nh mt cng tc in. Bao gm cun dy c t trng vi li
st, va mt hoc nhiu tip im. Nguyn ly nh hnh 3.12
c tnh ca tip im
4.
Role chn :
17
5.
Print Relay
6.
18
C.
THIT K MCH
I.
Cc tiu chun
B tr s
Nh s mch kh c hc trong chng gii thiu v h thng kh, mch in
khng biu th khi hnh hc m biu th v chc nng cc phn t. Mch
in c chia lm nhiu mch con hay ng dn dng in (ct dng
in), mi phn t mch bao gm mt hay nhiu cng tc v mt phn t
tiu th (ti). Ngun cp c v bng 2 ng ngang song song.
Mi ct dng in khc nhau c nh s th t. Tip im rle khng v ti cun ht
m v ti ng dn m n tc ng. Xem s ng dn c vit ti cun
ht ca rle, ta s tm c tip im. Mc khc, tip im v cun ht iu
c chung 1 k hiu. S mch nh hnh 4.1
Trong khi tiu chun ca M (JIC, nm 1947) c cc k hiu ring bit cho cng tc gii
hn (ngt cui) trng thi ngh, th tiu chun Chu u (V d BS 3939)
khng biu din theo nguyn tc trn. iu chng minh rng con ngi
m vo 1 lc no to ra tiu chun JIC bit h ang ni v ci g (cu ny
cn c hiu: iu c minh chng bng vic ta c th hiu bn v
ni g vo 1 lc no ). Khng nhng ch ra tnh thc t m cn lm d
dng c mch in khi cc tip im c v trng thi ngh (cng
tc gii hn).
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II.
Mch in khi nn
Cc mch c bn:
a.
Mch nhn
thc hin mch nhn ca 1 nt n n vi rle, chng ta gi s rng n nt pb1, hai
chc nng c kch hot ng thi l n sng v xilanh di chuyn ra. Nu 2
chc nng ny lun lun song hnh vi nhau th ta c th dng nt n ch c 1
tip im NO kch hot chng; nu 1 trong 2 chc nng cn c kch hot
bi cng tc khc ( hnh 4.2 l cun ht A) th ta phi dng nt n c 2 tip im
NO hay l role ph c 2 tip im ring bit tr ln.
hnh 4.2, xilanh di chuyn khi ta n cng tc pb1 hay pb2; n L ch sng khi pb1 c
n. Nh gii thiu trc th ngun cp c v l 2 ng thng song song,
theo tiu chun Chu u.
b.
Mch gi:
Mch gi gm 1 rle, 1 nt n ON cho hnh 4.3a trong trng thi ban u (trng thi
ngh). cqui ang cp 1 ngun p, nhng cha c dng trong mch do mch h.
Mt u ca cun ht rle c ni vi ngun m ca cqui thng qua tip im
thng m (nt n, tip im rle).
hnh 4.3 b Ta tc ng nt n ON. Cun ht ca rle c cp ngun qua tip im ca
nt n ON v tip im ca rle thay i trng thi, tip im thng m ca rle
s ng cp ngun cho cun ht.
hnh 4.3 c khi ta nh nt n ra, rle vn c cp ngun thng qua tip im ca rle.
20
Mch c biu din hnh 4.3 l khng hon chnh; cun ht s c gi cho n khi
ht ngun cqui, trong trng hp bnh thng ngun cp s c ct. Vic ngt
ngun c th iu khin bng tay vi tip im thng ng nh hnh 4.4
Hnh 4.5 a c v ging nh hnh 4.3 nhng c s thay i nh v v tr. Trong hnh a th
rle v tip im c lin quan vi nhau, v d R1. Trong hnh b biu din s
ca hnh a theo phng thc ring bit. Mt rle c th c vi tip im, to
nhiu khng gian cho s , Mi ct c nh s, v tr ca tip im rle c
ghi di v tr cun ht.
Ni chung, ngun c v 2 ng thng song song l 2 cc. Nh hnh 4.5 c ta thm vo
nt n OFF (tip im thng ng N.C). Khi n nt OFF th mch rle mt
ngun, khng c g thay i khi nt n OFF th ra.
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Trong hnh 4.7a Cng tc a1 (ngt cui) c v l thng ng. Nhng thng tip
im ny l thng m nn dng rle c tip im thng ng nh hnh
4.7b. S mch kh c v nh hnh 4.2.
Mch nh thi:
Xilanh lp li.
Ta cn 2 rle thi gian cho mch, xilanh A s lp li hnh trnh tin hay li vi thi gian
tr duy tr mi cui hnh trnh da vo 2 role thi gian. C hai cun ht c
cp ngun thng qua rle thi gian nh hnh 4.8.
d.
22
n nhp nhy
Chc nng tng t c th thc hin ch vi role thi gian v role trung gian.
Khi cng tc Start ng, rle thi gian T1 c ngun v n sng.
Sau thi gian t, Tip im T1 ct 3 ng cp ngun cho rle R1 v rle thi gian
T2. Tip im thng ng ca R1 ct 1 s m ra n tt, T1 mt in,
tip im T1 ct 3 m ra, ng thi tip im thng m R1 ct 4 ng
li. R1, T2 c cp ngun thng qua tip im thng m R1 v tip im
T2 ct 4.
Sau thi gian t, tip im T2 ct 4 m ra, R1 v T2 mt ngun. n s sng tr li,
trng thi ny c lp i lp li.
23
Mch xung:
Nh mch 4.7 xilanh s khng hi v c khi nt start khng nh trc khi piston chm
vo v tr a1. trnh iu ny ta mc ni tip ngt cui a0 vi cng tcnh hnh
4.8a, nhng khi gi nt n th xilanh mi lp li.
trnh iu ny ta dng rle thi gian cho mch xung nh trong mch kh (hnh 8.9
trong sch k thut kh nn). Ta c mch hon chnh hnh 4.10b
2.
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Tra li
Ci no c in trc?
Qu trnh bt u nh th no?
Khi no qu trnh bt u li?
Khi no A+ ngng?
A- s xa khi?
Cun ht A+
Nhn nt Start
Khi B c tc ng
Khi xi lanh B bt u hot
ng (b0 nha ra)
ng
B+
Khi A ngng (a1 hot ng)
Khi Cylanh A hi v (a1 nha)
ng
Khng
B+ s xa khi?
Cn qu trnh no na ko?Khng
Mch
25
V du 2: Tm hiu chui thc hin nhim v kp gi v khoan l tiu biu v hnh 4.14.
Chui phi c nt dng khn cp ngt ton b cc lnh trong chui khi tnh
hung nguy him xy ra. Khi bung nt n ra th chui khng c t phc
hi. Ngun cp ng m bng cc nt n n nh n. Dng thm nt n Start
bt u chu k mi.
Ngun in c th t nhin mt trong khi ngun kh vn cn trong ng ng. i vi
mch kp gi v khoan, thit b kp cn c van n nh kp trnh nh ra khi
dng khn cp hay mt ngun, my khoan phi thu mi li ngay lp tc v
ng c khoan ang ngng hot ng, iu ny i hi phi dng van n nh
n.
Cng tc off ch ngt ngun khi chui thc hin xong.
Chng ta bt u phn tch mch:
Ngun cp c ng ngt nh th no?
Dng 1 role v mch t gi
Lm sao ta c th m bo nt Off ch c tc dng trng thi ngh( khi kt
thc chui)?
Trng thi xc nh bi cng tc cui hnh trnh c0. Ta mc cng tc Off ni tip vi c0
v nh vy cng tc ch c th tc ng khi m c0 ng.
Cng tc hnh trnh trn xi lanh c tip im thng ng khng?
N khng c. Ta phi dng thm 1 role gii quyt vn ny v t tn cho role l Rc0.
Hnh trnh no c thc hin u tin?
C+
Tn hiu no cho bit kt thc hnh trnh?
c1
Hnh trnh C - c c x?
Khng
26
27
H thng bc thang:
V d 1: cho chui sau: A+, B+, /A-, C+, D+, B-/, C-, D-. thit k mch in iu khin.
Chui chia thnh 2 nhm v bt u thc hin gia nhm u tin.
Do iu khin bng tay nn ta cn 2 nt start v stop. Chui s lp i lp li cho n khi
nt dng c n cui chu k. duy tr tn hiu lp li lin tc, ta dng role v
mch gi v gi n l CR, mt trong cc tip im ca n s khi ng bc u
tin.
Ngoi ra ta cng dng thm 1 role gi na l R1, tn hiu cui cng ca nhm 1 s
kch hot n v tn hiu cui cng nhm 2 s ngt n.
Do role chu k ch c tc dng lnh u tin ca chu k nn ta cn 2 tip im ca R1:
Mt cho lnh u tin, mc ni tip vi tip im ca CR v mt mc trc tip vo ngun
cp.
Hnh 4.18 v ra mch in iu khin.
28
Role R1 phi l loi ng trc khi ngt. Mc khc, khi role ny c in dng 5, tip
im thng ng ca n dng 3 m s t lm n mt ngun. Vi loi ng
trc khi ngt , tip im thng ng dng 6 s gi ngun cho cun ht.
Role loi ngt trc khi ng s lm cun ht lm vic lp bp.
Trong trng hp khng c sn role ng trc khi ngt, c th dng cng tc gii hn
b1 dng 5 ni trc tip ln ngun chnh pha trn, v b1 khng th ngn b0
ngt ngun t gi.
V d 2:
Thit k mch cho chui E+, F+, E-, G+, H+, H-, G-, FChia chui thnh E+, F+,/ E-, G+, H+/, H-, G-, F-/ hay E+,/ F+, E-, G+, H+/, H-, G-, FCch th nht chia chui thnh 3 nhm, v bt u chu k ngay u nhm.
Cch th hai chia chui thnh 2 nhm, no c u thch hn khi thit k mch kh nn
d cho chu k bt u gia nhm. Hnh 4.19 v s ton din theo cch chia
lm hai nhm.
29
dng 1 ta thy tip im thng ng ca role GR( trong mch kh nn, ng ngun
cp t nhm 1) sau ti cc nt n n nh n start/stop ri ti cng tc
hnh trnh ca xi lanh, tn hiu cui cng ca chu k. Dng ny cp ngun cho
cun ht E+, lnh u tin trong chui . V e1 l tn hiu cui cng trong nhm
nn n s kch hot nhm 2, c ngha l role GR c in.
dng 2, nu ta ly ngun cho e1 t nhm 1 ngay sau tip im thng ng dng 1
ca GR th rt mo him n lm vic c vi loi ng trc khi ngt
nhng lm vic lp bp vi loi kia.; cun ht mt in do tip im thng ng
m nhng ta phi m bo rng tip thng m dng 3 ng v duy tr
ngun cho cun ht. Khi e1 khng tc ng th GR s mt ngun. Tt hn ta nn
ly trc tip t ngun cp cho e1. Tip im GR dng 3 s cp ngun cho ton
b cc lnh nhm 2 v duy tr cho chnh roleGR. Role ny b ngt bi tn hiu
cui cng ca nhm 2, chnh l h1. Do h1 l tip im thng m m ta li cn
tip im thng ng nn phi dng thm role Rh1 chuyn i. Tip im
ngt ca n dng 2 .
Ln H- l lnh u tin nhm 1, c cp ngun trc tip t ngun ca nhm. Thay v
dng 1 tip im khc nh dng 8 ta c th ni n vi tip im ca GR dng
1 nh ng nt t.
Mch trn lm vic tt nhng ch c iu l 3 cun ht H-, G-, F- lun duy tr ngun khi ht
chu k, ta cng khng th bt hay tt ngun ca chng.
tin ngt ngun 3 cun ht ny khi my khng lm vic, ta lp thm 1 role na.
Do ta c th dng cch chia th nht vi h thng bc thang cho 3 nhm. Ta cng nn
lp thm cng tc ON/OFF nh mch kp gi v khoan l.
30
3.
31
PH LC
n v in p trong h S.I
I.
ln
Ky hiu
H SI
Ghi chu
in tch
Q, q
C = As
C = Coulomb
in p
V = Volt
in th
Dng in
A = Ampere
in tr
= Ohm
in khng
= Ohm
Tr khng
= Ohm
in tr sut
.mm2/m
dn
S = 1/ = A/V
in dung
F = As/V
F = Farad
Nng lng
J = Vas = Ws
J = Joule
Power
W = VA
II.
1.
Dy dn va kt ni:
Dy dn n
Cp 3 dy
im ni dy
u ni (trong mch vng)
u domino ni dy
Ch ni dy dn
Ch ni gia cc dy dn ct ngang
Khe cm chn ci
32
Chn ca khe cm
cm chn c
Chn ca cm
cm v khe cm
n va thit b tn hiu
2.
ci
chung
Chung con ve
3.
Thit b in kh nn c bn
Phng php v thit b tc ng
33
iu khin bng c kh
Kt ni c kh
Kt ni c kh c ch dn chiu quay
Tc ng tr, theo hng t tri sang phi
Tc ng tr theo hng t phi sang tri
T ng hi
Cht, v tr m
Cht, v tr ci
Dng lc ko
Dng lc y
Dng lc quay
Dng nh hng ca tim cn
34
4.
Cc ky hiu tip im
M t
K hiu
Tip xc
Ngt mch
Chuyn v tr (chc nng cng tc gii hn). k
hiu t pha tip im ang tc ng. (
khng dng cho cc dng tc ng c bit
nh cn gt, con ln)
Hi bng l xo
Khng hi bng l xo.
35
36
5.
Rle c in
Cun ht ht chm
Cun ht nh chm
Cun ht ht v nh chm
Cun ht c 1 vng dy
III.
Cp bo v
Biu thi: IP * *
Du * tng trng cho 2 s: s u tin cp bo v lin quan n s va chm va mi
trng, s th 2 ch mc bo v chng li nc.
37
S
th
nht
S va chm va mi trng
S th
hai
Nc
Khng bo v
Khng bo v
Bo v khi nc ri thng ng
xung. (Chng nc ri nhiu
xung)
Bo v nc ri xung vi
nghing vt th ln ti 15 o.
Chng s xm nhp ca cc
phn t >12 mm
Chng nc mi gc nh
hn 60o ( chng nc phun)
Chng c s te nc mi
gc .
Chng c cc vt th c
ng knh >1mm
Chng c tia nc bn ra t
vi phun ( hose proof).
Chng li
5
Ngn tn hi do tch t bi,
khng chng bi hon ton.
38
TH VIN MT S MCH PH
Mch khi ng
Khi ng trc tip
39
40
CC
LU
THM
TRONG
PHN
SMCT
EP1
41
o in p
DNG IN
Yu cu :
-
c ngun chnh p
ng dn in kn
42
o dng in
nh lut OHM
nh lut Ohm m t mi quan h gia dng, p v
in tr ca 1 mch in mt chiu.
in p bng tch ca dng in v in tr
V = I x R
43
I LNG C TRNG
IN
KH NN
in p
(+24V)
p lc
(6 bar)
Dng in
(4 mA)
Lu lng
(10 l/min)
in tr
ma st
MCH IN
S hnh nc thang:
-
JIC:
DIN:
44
HNG DN V S MCH
1.
2.
S bc thang JIC :
4.
5.
6.
ng chng ln nhau
7.
ng c ni vi nhau
45
NT N
(THNG H)
NT N
(THNG NG)
46
NT N
(CHUYN I TIP IM)
CNG TC CHT
47
CNG TC GII HN
Thng ng
Thng m
Gi khi ng
Thng ng
Gi khi m
48
C CU TC NG TAY
Tng qut
Lc n
Lc ko
Vn
C cu tc ng c th
di chuyn c, v d nh cha kha
n by
Bn p
49
Van AND
iN
Ni tip:
K HIU LOGIC:
CNG THC LOGIC: E1 . E2 = A
CHC NNG OR
KH NN
Van thoi
IN
Song song:
K HIU LOGIC:
CNG THC LOGIC:
E1 + E2 = A
50
M t
2/2 thng ng
2/2 thng m
3/2 thng ng
3/2 thng m
3/3 V tr gia ng
4/2
51
4/3 V tr gia ng
4/3 V tr gia m
5/2
5/3 V tr gia ng
5/3 V tr gia m
5/3 V tr gia c cp p
TN CC CNG / NG KT NI
KT NI
ISO 1219
ISO 5599
JIS
Cng ngun cp
Cng tn hiu ra
A,B
2,4
A,B
Cng x
R,S
3,5
EA,EB
Cng iu khin
Y,Z
12,14
52
CUN HT IN T
VAN IN T 3/2
(VAN TI , HI BNG L XO)
53
VAN TC NG BNG KH
54
VAN IN T TR LC BNG NG KH
TRONG THN VAN
VAN IN T TR LC BNG NG KH BN
NGOI THN VAN
NGT IN CUN DY DC
Khi cun dy DC b ngt in, t trng bin mt, iu ny to ra
1 sc in ng phn hi do cun ht ln gp nhiu ln so
vi in p t vo ban u, n s lm hng lp cch in
ca cun dy.
Mt vn khc l khi cun DC mt in, in nng tch tr trong
cun dy tm cch thot ra qua vic h tip im mch bn
ngoi bng cc tia la in. Mi ln nh vy, b mt tip
xc li b hao mn mt t v t t lm gim kh nng tip
xc.
55
MCH BO V TIP IM
(BNG IN TR)
56
MCH BO V TIP IM
(BNG DIT)
MCH BO V TIP IM
(BNG MCH R-C)
MCH BO V TIP IM
(BNG DIOT ZENER)
57
CUN HT DC
U IM
NHC IM
Tui th cao
Lc ko thp
CUN HT AC
U IM
NHC IM
Tc lm vic cao
Lc ko ln
CM BIN TIM CN
(LOI CM NG)
58
CM BIN TIM CN
(LOI T IN)
CM BIN TIM CN
(Quang hc phn x)
59
CM BIN TIM CN
(Quang hc phn x )
CM BIN TIM CN
(Quang hc pht tn)
60
CM BIN TIM CN
(Quang hc phn x kh hi)
CM BIN TIM CN
(Cm bin khng c tip im)
u im:
-
ng ngt tn s cao.
LOI 4 DY
- DIN
62
- DIN
ROLE
63
V D NG DNG
Thay i in p
Chc nng nh
64
S mch:
S bc thang
JIC
DIN
U IM V NHC IM CA ROLE
u im
- Dy in p lm vic rng:
6,12,24,50,110,220,240 VAC
6,12,24,48,110 VDC
-Kh nng chng dao ng v
chn ng cao
- khng chu nhiu tc ng t
nhit mi trng. -55 ti
70oC
- c th ng m cng lc
nhiu mch ring bit
Nhc im
-Gy
65
XI LANH TC NG N
(Loi y)
XI LANH TC NG KP
66
VAN N NH KP
Van n nh kp khng c v tr hi v, n gi lun trng thi tc
ng cho n khi c xung tc ng khc a vo.
Van kp tc ng bng kh
Van kp tc ng bng lc in t
67
IU KHIN NH
(Van nh)
68
MCH T GI
(U TIN SET)
MCH T Gi
(U TIN RESET)
69
CNG TC LY
70
U NHC IM CA CNG TC LY
U IM
-Hot
ng m
-Tui
th cao hn role c kh
-Thi
NHC IM
-ch cho php ng ngt dng/p
b, cng tc c th b nng chy
-Hao mn ln khi t cm ca
mch kt ni n cao
ms
-Khng
cn bo dng
-Khng
b r st v bm bn
-i vi cc ti c tnh cm khng,
cn c mch bo v tip im.
71
72
ROLE TC NG CHM
73
ROLE NH CHM
74
CM BIN P LC
(IU CHNH C)
75
HOT NG CA CM BIN P LC
(iU CHNH C)
76
iU KHIN PH THUC P LC
(CM BiN P LC)
77
B M
CH HOT NG
B M LN: B m s cng tn hiu u
vo , n m theo th t tng dn.
CHC NNG M
(B M LN)
78
B M
CH HOT NG
B M XUNG: b m s tr tn hiu u
vo, n m theo th t gim dn.
CHC NNG M
(B M XUNG)
79
iU CHNH B M
(LOI M LN HAY XUNG)
V d
80
S BC
1 Xi lanh ang v tr y ra
0 xi lanh ang v tr thu vo
81
SMCT EP1
Bi tp c hng
dn gii
82
Gii p:
83
Gii p:
84
Gii p:
85
Gii p:
86
Gii p:
87
Gii p:
88
Gii p:
89
90
Gii p:
Trc tip
91
Gii p:
Gin tip
92
Gii p:
a)Van in t tc ng kp
93
Gii p:
b)Van in t tc ng n hi bng l xo.
94
Gii p:
95
Gii p:
96
Gii p:
97
98
Gii p:
99
Gii p:
100
Bi tp 15: Thc hin kim tra tui th ca 1 xilanh. Khi n nt start, xi lanh
bt u y ra tht vo lin tc. Khi t 10000 chu k, tt c hot
ng s ngng li. Ta c th khi ng li bng nt n reset. Nt
stop c th dng hot ng test trc khi t 10000 chu k. V tr ra
v vo ht ca xilanh c xc nh bi cm bin RS1 v RS2.
Gii p:
101
Gii p:
a) Phng php thit k thng dng:
102
1.
Xc nh cc tn hiu
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
103
Gii p:
a) Phng php thit k chui:
104
105
Gii p:
Phng php thit k chui:
106