n mn hc

Sy bng ti

GVHD: Nguyn Dn
SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

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Sy bng ti
PHN 1 :

M U

1.1 Li m u
Trong ngnh cng nghip ni chung th vic bo qun cht lng sn phm l
rt quan trng. cht lng sn phm c tt ta phi tin hnh sy tch m
Vt liu sau khi sy c khi lng gim do gim cng chuyn ch, bn tng
ln, cht lng sn phm c nng cao,thi gian bo qun ko di........
Qu trnh lm bc hi nc ra khi vt liu bng nhit gi l qu trnh sy.
Ngi ta phn bit sy ra lm hai loi :sy t nhin v sy nhn to
Sy t nhin dng nng lng mt tri lm bay hi nc trong vt liu nn
n gin ,t tn km tuy nhin kh iu chnh c qu trnh sy v vt liu sau
khi sy vn cn m cao .Trong cng nghip ho cht thng ngi ta dng sy
nhn to,tc l phi cung cp nhit cho vt liu m .Phng php cung cp nhit
c th bng dn nhit ,i lu ,bc x hoc bng nng lng in trng c tn s
cao.
i vi nc ta l nc nhit i nng m,do vic nghin cu cng ngh
sy ch bin thc phm kh v lm kh nng sn c ngha rt c bit .Kt
hp phi sy nhm tit kim nng lng,nghin cu nhng cng ngh sy v cc
thit b sy ph hp cho tng loi thc phm ,nng sn ph hp vi iu kin kh
hu v thc tin nc ta.T to ra hng ha phong ph c cht lng cao phc
v cho xut khu v tiu dng trong nc.

1.2

BIN LUN TI

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Sy bng ti

thc hin qu trnh sy, ngi ta s dng mt h thng gm nhiu thit

b nh: thit b sy ( bung sy, hm sy, thit b sy kiu bng ti, my sy thng
quay, sy phun, sy tng si, my sy trc ), thit b t nng tc nhn, qut,
bm v mt s thit b ph khc,
Trong n ny em s tnh ton v thit k thit b sy kiu bng ti. Thit
b sy loi ny thng c dng sy cc loi rau qu, ng cc, cc loi nng
sn khc, sy mt s sm phm ho hc Trong n ca mnh em s dng vt
liu sy l ch vi tc nhn sy l hn hp khng kh nng.
Ch l mt cy cng nghip lu nm, thch hp nht i vi kh hu nhit
i. Ch khng n thun ch l th cy c dng gii kht m tr thnh
mt sn phm c nhiu cng dng. Ch bin ch khng ch cung cp phc v nhu
cu trong nc m cn xut khu, yu cu v u t thit b t tn km hn cc
loi nng sn khc.
Trong cng ngh sn xut ch th sy ch l mt khu rt quan trng. Ch
sau khi thu hoch qua ch bin s c sy kh. Sau khi sy ch phi t c
ti, kh nht nh theo yu cu m bo cht lng v tng thi gian bo
qun.
Vi cc yu cu v hnh thc, v sinh v cht lng sn phm ngi ta s
dng thit b sy kiu bng ti vi nhiu bng ti lm vic lin tc vi tc nhn sy
l khng kh nng c tun hon mt phn kh thi.
Vt liu sy c cung cp nhit bng phng php i lu. u im ca
phng thc sy ny l thit b n gin, r tin, sn phm c sy u, do c
tun hon mt phn kh thi nn d dng iu chnh m ca tc nhn sy, tc
ca khng kh i qua phng sy ln, nng sut kh cao, hiu qu

PHN 2 : S CNG NGH & THUYT MINH

2.1
S CNG NGH CA QU TRNH

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Sy bng ti

Vi cc thit b v phng thc sy nh chn, ta c s cng ngh ca qu

trnh sy ch nh sau :
Kh thi
5

Hn hp kh sau khi sy
4

Vt liu vo

Hi nc

Kh tun hon

2
3

Vt liu ra
Ch thch :

2.2

Hi nc bo ho

Khng kh

1 phng sy
2 - calorifer
3 - qut y
4 cyclon
5 qut ht

THUYT MINH LU TRNH

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Sy bng ti

Do yu cu v kh ca ch nn dng tc nhn sy l hn hp khng kh

nng.
Khng kh ban u c a vo calorife, y khng kh nhn nhit gin
tip t hi nc bo ho qua thnh ng trao i nhit. Hi nc i trong ng,
khng kh i ngoi ng. Ti calorife, sau khi nhn c nhit sy cn thit
khng kh nng i vo phng sy tip xc vi vt liu sy (ch) cp nhit cho hi
nc trong ch bc hi ra ngoi.
Trong qu trnh sy, khng kh chuyn ng vi vn tc ln nn c mt
phn ch s b ko theo khng kh ra khi phng sy. thu hi kh thi v ch
ngi ta t ng ng ra ca khng kh nng mt cyclon. Kh thi sau khi ra
khi phng sy i vo cyclon tch ch cun theo v lm sch. Sau mt phn
kh thi c qut ht ra ng ng dn kh thi ra ngoi khng kh. Mt phn
kh cho tun hon tr li trn ln vi khng kh mi to thnh hn hp kh c
qut y y vo calorife. Hn hp kh ny c nng nhit n nhit cn
thit ri vo phng sy tip tc thc hin qu trnh sy. Qu trnh sy li c tip
tc din ra.
Vt liu sy ban u c m ln c a vo phng sy i qua cc bng
ti nh thit b hng vt liu. Vt liu sy chuyn ng trn bng ti ngc chiu
vi ciu chuyn ng ca khng kh nng v nhn nhit trc tip t hn hp
khng kh nng thc hin qu trnh tch m.
Vt liu kh sau khi sy c cho vo mng v c ly ra ngoi.

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Sy bng ti

PHN 3 : CN BNG VT CHT

3.1 Cc k hiu
G1,G2: Lng vt liu trc khi vo v sau khi ra khi my sy, (Kg/h)
, (Kg/h)
Gk:Lng vt liu kh tuyt i i qua my sy
W1, W2: m ca vt liu trc v sau khi sy, tnh theo % khi lng vt
liu t
W: m c tch ra khi vt liu khi i qua my sy , (Kg/h)
L:Lng khng kh kh tuyt i i qua my sy , (Kg/h)
xo:Hm m ca khng kh trc khi vo caloripher si , (Kg/Kgkkk)
x1,x2: Hm m ca khng kh trc khi vo my sy (sau khi i qua
caloripher si) v sau khi ra khi my sy, (Kg/Kgkkk)
3.2 Cc thng s ban u
Thit k h thng sy bng ti sy ch vi nng sut khong 1400tn/ nm
Gi thit mt nm nh my lm vic 350 ngy ,mi ngy lm 20 gi . Vy nng
sut trung bnh trong mt gi l
G 2=

1400000
= 200 Kg/h
350 * 20

Ch sau khi thu hoch c s ch s b trc khi em vo phng sy. m

ca ch lc ny t khong t (60-65)% .Chn m ca ch trc khi sy l
W1=63%. sn phm ch sau khi sy t c kh,ti,xp theo yu cu m
khng b gy vn,khng b m mc th ta khng ch m ra ca ch t khong
W2=5%
Theo kinh nghim ch kh c th chu c nhit trn di 1000C.Do
ta chn nhit tc nhn sy vo thit b sy l t2=1000C. m bo tnh kinh
t,gim tn tht nhit do tc nhn sy mang i ng thi m bo khng xy ra
hin tng ng sng sau khi sy,ta chn t2 sao cho m tng i khng qu
b nhng cng khng qu gn trng thi bo ho .Do nhit tc nhn ra khi
bung sy c chn s b khong t2=700C
Thng s khng kh ngoi tri c xc nh ti thnh ph Nng
Nh vy,cc thng s ban u c xc nh l:
Nng sut tnh theo sn phm : G2 =200 kg/h
m vt liu vo
: W1 = 63%
m vt liu ra
: W2 = 5%
Nhit tc nhn sy vo
: t1 = 1000C
Nhit tc nhn sy ra
: t2 = 700C
Nhit khng kh ngoi tri : t0 = 260C ,Pobh =0.0343 at
m mi trng
: = 81%

Hm m ca khng kh c tnh theo cng thc sau:

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Sy bng ti

xo=0.622

* Pobh

Pkq * Pobh

{sch QTTBII_ trang 156}

thay s vo ta c
xo=0.622

0.81 * 0.0343
=0.0172(kg/kgkkk)
1.033 0.81 * 0.0343

-Nhit lng ring ca khng kh:

Io=Ckkk*to+xo*ih , ( J/kgkkk ) {sch QTTBII- trang 156}
Vi
Ckkk: nhit dung ring ca khng kh ,J/kg
Ckkk= 103 J/kg
to:
nhit ca khng kh to= 26oC
ih: nhit lng ring ca hi nc nhit to , J/kg
Nhit lng ring ih dc xc nh theo cng thc thc nghim
ih=ro+Ch *to=(2493+1.97to)103 , J/kg {sch QTTBII _ trang 156}
Trong :

ro=2493*103 :nhit lng ring ca hi nc 0oC

Ch= 1.97*103: nhit dung ring ca hi nc , J/kg

T ta tnh c Io=69.76*103 J/kgkkk hay Io=69.76 (kJ/kgkkk)

-Trng thi ca khng kh sau khi ra khi caloripher l: t1=100oC,P1bh=1.02 at
Khi i qua caloripher si, khng kh ch thay i nhit cn hm m khng
thay i.
Do x1=xo nn ta c :
x1 * Pkq

= (0.622 + x )P
1

1bh

0.0172 *1.033
=0.027=2.7%
(0.622 + 0.0172) *1.02

-Nhit lng ring ca khng kh sau khi ra khi caloripher l:

I1 = t1+(2493+1.97t1)103x1 , (J/Kgkkk)
I1 = 100+(2493+1.97*100)*0.0172 = 146.268 ( KJ/Kgkkk )
-Trng thi ca khng kh sau khi ra khi phng sy:
t2=70oC , P2bh=0.3177 at
-Nu sy l thuyt th:I1=I2=146.268 (KJ/Kgkkk)
Ta c I2=Ckkk*t2+x2*ih , J/Kgkkk
T hm m ca khng kh
x2 =

I 2 C kkk * t 2 I 2 C kkk * t 2
=
(Kg/Kgkkk)
ih
r0 + C h * t 0

146.268 * 10 3 10 3 * 70
=0.029 (Kg/Kgkkk)
2493 *10 3 + 1.97 *10 3 * 26
x 2 * Pkq
0.029 *1.033
2 =
=
= 0.1496=14.96%
(0.622 + x 2 )P2bh (0.622 + 0.029)0.3177

x2 =

3.3 Cn bng vt liu

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Sy bng ti

3.3.1 Cn bng vt liu cho vt liu sy

Trong qu trnh sy ta xem nh khng c hin tng mt mt vt liu,lng
khng kh kh tuyt i coi nh khng b bin i trong sut qu trnh sy.Vy
lng vt liu kh tuyt i i qua my sy l:
100 W1
100 W2
=G2
{sch QTTBII_trang 165}
100
100
Trong : W1=63%, W2=5%; G2=200 ( Kg/h.)
100 5
Vy
Gk = 200
= 190 (Kg/h)
100

Gk=G1

Lng m tch ra khi vt liu trong qu trnh sy c tnh theo cng thc:
W1 W2
, (Kg/h) {sch QTTBII_ trang 165}
100 W1
63 5
W=200
=313.5 (Kg/h)
100 63

W=G2

Lng vt liu trc khi vo phng sy

G1=G2+W=200+313.5=513.5 (Kg/h)
3.3.2 Cn bng vt liu cho khng kh sy
Cng nh vt liu kh ,coi nh lng khng kh kh tuyt i i qua my sy
khng b mt mt trong sut qu trnh sy.Khi qua qu trnh lm vic n nh
lng khng kh i vo my sy mang theo mt lng m l :Lx1
Sau khi sy xong , lng m bc ra khi vt liu l W do khng kh c thm
mt lng m l W
Nu lng m trong khng kh ra khi my sy l Lx2 th ta c phng trnh
cn bng:
{sch QTTBII_ trang 165}
Lx1+W=Lx2
W
(Kg/h)
x 2 x1
313.5
L=
= 26567.8 ( Kg/h)
0.029 0.0172

L=
Thay s

Vi L l lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bc hi W kg m trong vt liu.

Ta c,ti t0=260C,ng vi 0 th 0 = 1.185 kg/cm3
Lu lng th tch ca tc nhn sy trc khi vo calorifer l:
V=

26567.8
= 22420.08 (m3/h)
1.185

0
Vy lng khng kh kh cn thit lm bc hi 1 Kg m trong vt liu l:

l=

L
1
=
(Kg/Kgm)
W x 2 x1

{sch QTTBII_ trang 166}

Khi i qua calorifer si khng kh ch thay i nhit nhng khng thay i

hm m, do xo=x1 nn ta c:
l=

1
1
=
x 2 x1 x 2 x0

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Sy bng ti

Thay s vo ta c
l=

1
= 84.745 (Kg/Kgm)
0.029 0.0172

3.4 Qu trnh sy hi lu l thuyt

Qu trnh hot ng ca h thng ny l:
Tc nhn sy i ra khi bung sy c trang thi t2, 2,x2 c hi lu li vi
lng lH v thi ra mi trng lt .Khi lng lH c ho trn vi khng kh mi
c trng thi l t0, o ,x0 vi lng l0
Sau khi c ho trn,ta c lng khng kh l l ,c qut ht v y vo
calorife gia nhit n trng thi I1,t1, 1 ri y vo bung sy
Vt liu m c khi lng l G1 i vo bung sy v sn phm ra l G2 .Tc
nhn i qua bung sy nhn hi nc bay hi t vt liu sy ng thi b mt
nhit nn trng thi ca n l x2 ,t2, 2
Gi xM,IM l trng thi ca hn hp kh bung ho trn
Ta c: l=lo+lH hoc L=Lo+LH
-Chn t l hi lu l 50% vy
l = 0.5(lo+lH) suy ra lH=lo
Vy t s hi lu n : l s kg khng kh hi lu ho trn vi 1 kg khng kh ban
u ( t mi trng)
n=

lH
( sch k thut sy nng sn _trang 79)
lo

Vy hm m ca hn hp kh c tnh theo cng thc sau:

x o + nx 2
{ sach QTTBII_ trang 176} (Kg/Kgkkk)
1+ n
x +x
0.0172 + 0.029
xM= 0 2 =
= 0.0231 (Kg/Kgkkk)
2
2

xM=

Nhit lng ring ca hn hp khng kh l:

I 0 + nI 2
(KJ/Kgkkk)
1+ n
69.76 + 1 *146.268
=108.03 (KJ/Kgkkk)
IM=
1+1

IM=

Ta c:

IM=(103+1.97*103xM)tM + 2493*103xM

Suy ra

I M 2493 *10 3 x M
tM= 3
10 + 1.97 *10 3 x M

Vi tM: Nhit ca hn hp kh
T :
Suy ra

tM=

108.03 *10 3 * 2493 *10 3 * 0.0231

= 48.250C
3
3
10 + 1.97 * 10 * 0.0231

PMbh=0.11(at)

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Sy bng ti
x M Pkq
PMbh ( x M + 0.622)

0.0231 *1.033
= 0.336= 33.6 %
0.11(0.0231 + 0.622)

Lng khng kh kh lu chuyn trong thit b sy

l=

1
1
=
= 169.5 Kg/Kg m
x 2 x M 0.029 0.0231

PHN 4 : CN BNG NHIT LNG

& TNH TON THIT B CHNH
4.1 Tnh ton thit b chnh
4.1.1Th tch ca khng kh
a/Th tch ring ca khng kh vo thit b sy:
v 1=

RT1
m3/Kgkkk
P 1 P1bh

,{sch QTTB II- trang 157}

Vi R=287 (J/KgoK)
T1=1000C+273=373K
P=1.033(at)
P1bh=1.02(at)
1=0.027
Thay s vo ta c:

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v 1=

Sy bng ti
287 * 373
=1.085 (m3/Kgkkk)
4
(1.033 0.027 *1.02) * 9.81 *10

b/Th tch khng kh vo phng sy:

V1=L*v1=26567.8*1.085=28826.1 (m3/h)
c/ Th tch ring khng kh ra khi phng sy l:
RT2
P 2 P2bh
T2=70+273=343K, 2 = 0.1496 ,P2bh=0.3177at

v2=

,vi

Thay s vo ta c :
v2 =

287 * 343
(1.033 0.1496 * 0.3177 ) * 9.81 *10 4

v2 = 1.018 (m3/Kgkkk)
d/Th tch khng kh ra khi phng sy:
V2=Lv2=26567.8*1.018=27046.0 (m3/h)
e/Th tch trung bnh ca khng kh trong phng sy:
Vtb=

V1 + V2
=27936.05 (m3/h)
2

4.1.2 Thit b sy kiu bng ti

Thit b sy kiu bng ti gm mt phng hnh ch nht trong c mt hay vi
bng ti chuyn ng nh cc tang quay,cc bng ny ta trn cc con ln khi
b vng xung.Bng ti lm bng si bng tm cao su,bn thp hay li kim
loi,khng kh c t nng trong carolifer.Vt liu sy cha trong phu tip
liu,c cun vo gia hai trc ln i vo bng ti trn cng.Nu thit b c
mt bng ti th sy khng u v lp vt liu khng c xo trn do loi thit
b c nhiu bng ti c s dng rng ri hn. loi ny vt liu t bng trn di
chuyn n u thit b th ri xung bng di chuyn ng theo chiu ngc
li.Khi n cui bng cui cng th vt liu kh c vo ngn tho.
Khng kh nng i ngc vi chiu chuyn ng ca cc bng . qu trnh
sy c tt,ngi ta cho khng kh di chuyn vi vn tc ln,khong 3m/s ,cn
bng th di chuyn vi vn tc ( 0.3-0.6) m/ph
Chn kch thc bng ti
Gi
Br : Chiu rng lp bng ti (m)
h : Chiu dy lp tr (m) ,Ly h=0.1(m)
: Vn tc bng ti , chn =0.4 m/ph
:

Khi lng ring ca ch , Chn = 320

Kg
m3

-Nng sut ca qu trnh sy:

G1=Brh

(Kg/h)

suy ra Br=

G1
513.5
=
=0.6686
h 60 0.1 * 320 * 0.4 * 60

(m)
-Chiu rng thc t ca bng ti l :

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Btt=

Br

, vi l hiu s hiu chnh

Chn =0.9 ,ta c Btt=

Gi

Lb :
ls:
T:
Lb=

Sy bng ti

0.6686
= 0.7429 (m)
0.9

Chiu di bng ti ,m (chiu di mt mt)

Chiu di ph thm, chn ls=1.2 (m)
Thi gian sy, chn T=30 pht=0.5 gi
G1 * T
+ ls =
Btt * h *

513.5 * 0.5
+ 1.2 =12(m)
0.7429 * 0.1 * 320

Vy
Lb=12(m)
-Bng ti ch s dng mt dy chuyn nn ta chn chiu di ca mt bng ti l
4(m) suy ra s bng ti l 3
ng knh ca bng ti d=0.3m
4.1.3 Chn vt liu lm phng sy
-Phng sy c xy bng gch
-B dy tng 0.22 (m) c:
+Chiu dy vin gch 0.2( m)
+Hai lp va hai bn 0.01 (m)
-Trn phng c lm bng btng ct thp c:
+Chiu dy 1 = 0.02m
+Lp cch nhit dy 2 = 0.15m
-Ca phng sy c lm bng tm nhm mng,gia c lp cc nhit dy 0.01 m
+Hai lp nhm mi lp dy 0.015 (m)
-Chiu di lm vic ca phng sy:
Lph = 4+2*0.6= 5.2 m
-Chiu cao lm vic ca phng sy:
Hph = 0.3+0.1*3+0.2*4 = 2 ( m )
-Chiu rng lm vic ca phng sy:
Rph = 0.7429+0.66 = 1.4029. (m)
Vy kch thc ca phng sy k c tng l:
Lng = 5.2+2*0.22 = 5.64(m)
Hng = 2.0+0.02+0.15 = 2.17 (m)
Rng = 1.4029+0.22*2 = 1.8429 (m)
4.1.4Vn tc chuyn ng ca khng kh v ch chuyn ng ca
khng kh trong phng sy
a/Vn tc ca khng kh trong phng sy:
kk =

Vtb
27936.05
=
= 2.77 m/s
H ph R ph 2 * 1.4029 * 3600

b/Ch chuyn ng ca khng kh:

*l
Re = kk td {sch QTTB II _ trang 35}

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 n mn hc: QTTB
Vi: Re:
lt

Sy bng ti

l hng s Reynol c trng cho ch chuyn ng ca dng

ng knh tng ng
lt =

2 * H ph * R ph
H ph + R ph

2 * 2.00 * 1.4029
=1.649( m)
2 + 1.4029

Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh trong phng sy:

ttb =

t1 + t 2 100 + 70
=
= 85oC
2
2

-T nhit trung bnh ny tra bng ph 9 trang 130 sch k thut sy nng sn
ta c
= 0.031 (W/moK)
= 21.06*10 6 (m2/s)
Vy

Re =

2.77 * 1.649
= 15*104
6
21.06 *10

Vy Re=15*10 4 suy ra ch ca khng kh trong phng sy l ch chuyn

ng xoy
4.1.5 Hiu s nhit trung bnh gia tc nhn sy vi mi trng xung
quanh
tb =

t1 t 2
t
ln 1
t 2

Vi t1 : Hiu s nhit gia tc nhn sy vo phng sy vi khng kh

bn ngoi
o
t1 = 100-26=74 C
t 2 : Hiu s nhit gia tc nhn sy i ra khi phng sy vi
khng kh bn ngoi
o
t 2 =70-26 = 44 C
Vy t tb =

74 44
= 57.71oC
74
ln
44

4.2 Tnh tn tht nhit

4.2.1 Tn tht qua tng
-Tng xy bng gch dy 0.22 (m)
-Chiu dy vin gch gach =0.2 (m)
-Chiu dy mi lp va v = 0.01 (m)
Tra bng
gach = 0.77( w/m)
v = 1.2 (w/m)

Tt1
Tt2
2

2
3
1
Lu th nng (khng kh nng) chuyn ng trong phng do i lu t nhin(v
c s chnh lch nhit ) v do cng bc ( qut) .Khng kh chuyn ng theo
ch chy xoy(do Re>104)
Gi 1 l h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n b mt trong ca tng phng sy
SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

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 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

1 = k( 1 / + 1 // )
Vi : 1 // l h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n thnh my sy do i lu
t nhin ,W/m2
/ 1 l h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n thnh my sy do i lu
cng bc ,W/m2
k : h s iu chnh, k= 1.2 1.3
/
a/Tnh 1
Phng trnh chun Nuxen i vi cht kh:
Nu = C l R0.8 = 0.018 l R0.8

Trong : l ph thuc vo t s
Ta c :

L ph
ltd

L ph
ltd

v Re

5.2
=3.15
1.649

Re =15*10 4
Tra bng v tnh ton ta c l =1.205 {s tay QTTBII_ trang 15}
Vy
Nu = 0.018*1.205* (15*104)0.8 = 300
/ 1 H ph
300 * 0.031
Nu
suy ra 1 / =
=
M
Nu =
= 4.65

2
H ph
b/Tnh // 1
Gi tT1l nhit trung bnh ca b mt thnh ng(tng) tip xc vi
khng kh trong phng sy
Chn
tT1=70.0oC
Gi ttbk l nhit trung bnh ca cht kh vo phng sy (tc nhn sy)
ttbk =

100 + 70
= 85 oC
2

Gi ttbl nhit trung bnh gia tng trong phng sy vi nhit trung
bnh ca tc nhn sy.
70 + 85
= 77.5 oC
2

ttb =

Chun s Gratket : t trng cho tc dng tng h ca lc ma st phn t

v lc nng do chnh lch khi lng ring cc im c nhit cao khc ca
dng,k hiu Gr
3

Gr =

gH ph t1

2T
vi g l gia tc trng trng g=9.8(m/s2 )
Hph Chiu cao ca phng sy ,m
t1 = ttbk-tT1= 85-77.5 = 7.5 , T=ttbk +273=358K

Suy ra

Gr=

9.8 * 2 3 * 7.5
=3.69*109
2
12
21.09 *10 * 358

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

14

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

M chun s Nuxen l
{s tay QTTB II_ trang 24}
Nu = 0.47*Gr0.25
Suy ra
Nu = 115.8
H // 1
Nu 115.8 * 0.031
suy ra // 1 =
=
=1.74
Hn na Nu =

2
H ph

1 = k / 1 + 1 // = 1.2(4.65 + 1.74) = 7.58

T
c/Tnh 2
H s cp nhit ca b mt ngoi my sy n mi trng xung quanh
2 = / 2 + 2 //
2 / H s cp nhit do i lu t nhin
Vi
// 2 H s cp nhit do bc x
Ta c nhit ti ring ca khng kh t phng sy n mi trng xung quanh :
q1= 1 * t1 =7.68*(85-70)=113.7 ,KJ/kg m
Trong qu trnh truyn nhit n nh th:

q 1=

tT 1 tT 2
3

i =1

i =1

y :

Vy

1 2 3
+
+
1 2 3

(m2/w)

1 , 2 , 3 : b dy cc lp tng ,m
1 , 2 , 3 : H s dn nhit tng ng , W/m
1 = 2 = 0.01m _ B dy lp va c 1 = 2 = 1.2 (w/m)
3 = 0.2m _B dy ca vin gch c 3 = 0.77 (w/m)
3
i 0.01 0.01 0.2
=
+
+
= 0.267 (m2/w)

1
.
2
1
.
2
0
.
77
i =1
i

i
= 113.7*0.267 =31(oC)
i =1 i
tT2: Nhit tng ngoi phng sy ,0C
tT2 = tT1-31=70-31= 39 ( 0C)
Nhit lp bin gii gia tng ngoi phng sy v khng kh ngoi tri
t + 26 39 + 26
=
= 32.5 oC
Tbg = T 2
3

tT1-tT2=q1

Ti nhit Tbg ny tra bng ta tnh c : = 2.67 *10 2 (W/mK)

= 16.024 *10 6 (m2/s)
Nhit tng ngoi v nhit khng kh c lch l
0
t 2 =tT2-tkk = 39-26 = 13 ( C)
SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

15

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

Chun s Gratkev l
Gr=

gH 3 ng t 2
9.81 * 2.17 3 *13
=
= 12.74 * 10 9
12
2
2
T
16.024 * 10 (13 + 273)

Chun s Nuxen l
Nu = 0.47*Gr0.25 = 157.9
Nu 157.9 * 0.0267
Suy ra
/2 =
=
= 2.11
Hng

H s cp nhit do bc x

Vi

//

//

2.17

4
4
n C o T1 T2

tT 2 t kk 100 100

n : en ca va ly n = 0.9
Co:H s bc x ca vt en tuyt i ,ly C0=5.67
T1 = tT2+273=39+273=312K
T2 = tkk+273=26+273=299 K

//

4
4
0.9 * 5.76 312 299
=

= 5.91

39 26 100 100

Nn
2 = / 2 + // 2 = 2.11+5.91 = 8.02
Nhit ti ring t b mt ca tng ngoi n mi trng khng kh
q2 = 2 * t 2 = 8.02 *13 = 104.3 ,KJ/kg m
q 113.7 104.3
=
= 0.08 = 8%
q maz
113.7

So snh

Vy tn tht qua tng

Qt=3.6*k* F * t tb
M F = 2*L*H+2*R*H=2*5.2*2+2*1.4029*2=26.4(m)
k=

1
1

t tb =

i
i =1 i
3

1
= 1.88
1
1
+
+ 0.276
7.58 8.11

t1 t 2
= 57.7 oC
t1
ln
t 2

T :QT = 3.6*1.88*26.4*57.7 = 10309.6 (KJ)

Vy

qt=

QT 10309.6
=
= 32.89 (KJ/Kgm)
W
313.5

4.2.2 Tn tht qua trn

Trn c: Lp btng ct thp dy 2 = 0.02(m); 2 = 1.55 (W/m)

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

16

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

Lp cch nhit dy
3 = 0.15(m); 3 = 0.058 (W/m)
tnh tn tht qua trn ta xc nh:
2tr = 1.3 * 2 =1.3*8.11=10.543 ,W/m2K
Do h s truyn nhit qua trn Ktr bng
Ktr=

1
2
= 0.35 (W/m K)
1
0.02 0.15
1
+
+
+
7.58 1.55 0.058 10.543

2 3 1
+
+
1 2 3 2
Vy tn tht qua trn:
Qtr=3.6*Ktr*Ftr* t =3.6*0.35*(5.2*1.4029)(85-26)=542.3 (KJ/h)
Nhit ti ring

qtr=

Qtr 542.3
=
=1.73 ,KJ/kg m
W 313.5

4.2.3 Tn tht qua ca

Hai u phng sy c ca lm bng thp dy 4 =5mm c h s dn nhit
4 =0.5W/mK
Do h s dn nhit qua ca Kc bng :
Kc=

1
2
= 3.77 ,W/m K
1
0.005
1
+
+
7.58
0 .5
8.11

4 1
+
1 4 2
Ca pha tc nhn sy vo c chnh lch nhit (t1-t0) cn ca u kia c
chnh lch nhit bng (t2-t0).Do :
Qc= 3.6*Kc*Fc{(t1-t0)+(t2-t0)}
Thay s ta c :
Qc=3.6*3.77*(1.4029*2){(100-26)+(70-26)}=4493.5
(KJ/h)
1

qc=

Qc 4493.5
=14.33 (KJ/kg m)
=
W
313.5

4.2.4 Tn tht nhit qua nn

Nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy bng 850C v gi s tng phng sy cch
tng bao che ca phn xng 2m.Theo bng 7.1 ca sch tnh ton & thit k h
thng sy_trang 142.Ta c:
q1=50W/m .Do tn tht qua nn bng:
Qn=3.6*Fn*q1=3.6 (5.2*1.4029)50=1313.1 (KJ/h)
Suy ra qn=

Qn 1313.1
=4.19 (KJ/kg m)
=
W
313.5

Nh vy tng tn tht nhit truyn qua kt cu bao che ra mi trng xung quanh
bng:
Qmt=Qt+Qc+Qtr+Qn=16658.5 (KJ/h)
qmt=

Qmt 16658.5
=53.14(KJ/kg m)
=
W
313.5

4.2.5 Tn tht do vt liu sy mang i

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

17

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

Trong sy nng sn,nhit vt liu sy ra khi thit b sy ly thp hn nhit

tc nhn sy tng ng t (5 10)0C.Trong h thng sy ny ,vt liu sy v tc
nhn sy chuyn ng ngc chiu nn tV2=t1-(5 10)0C.V vy ta ly tV2=10010=90 0C.
Do nhit dung ring ca ch ra khi phng sy :
CV2=Cvl * (1- 2 ) + C n 2
Vi
Cvl : nhit dung ring ca ch ,ly Cvl=0.37(KJ/KgoK)
C : nhit dung ring ca nc ,ly C=4.18 (KJ/Kg)
Thay s ta c:
CV2 =0.37*4.18(1-0.05)+4.18*0.05
CV2=1.68 (KJ/kgoK)
Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i l:
QVL=G2*CV2(tV2-tV1)=200*1.68(90-26)=21481.8 (KJ/h)
qVl=

QVl
=68.52
W

(KJ/kgm)

4.3 Qu trnh sy thc t c hi lu

4.3.1 Nhit lng b sung thc t
= C1 q vl q
o
Vi: 1 = 26 C nhit ca vt liu trc khi vo my sy(bng nhit mi
tr
2 = 70oC nhit ca vt liu khi ra khi my sy
-Vy nhit lng b sung thc t:
= 26 * 4.18 68.52 53.14 = 12.98 (KJ/Kgm)
4.3.2 Cc thng s ca qu trnh sy thc
-Hm m ca tc nhn sy i ra khi my sy:
/

x2 =

trang105}
Thay s:
Vy :

x2 =

I 1 + * x1 + C k * t 2
(ro + C n * t 2 )

Kg/Kgkkk

{s

tayQTTBII_

146.268 + 12.96 * 0.0172 + 1 * 70

= 0.027 (Kg/Kgkkk)
12.96 (2493 + 4.18 * 70)

I 2 = t 2 + (ro + C h * t 2 ) * x 2 = 70 + (2493 + 1.97 * 70 )0.027 = 141.0 (KJ/Kgkkk)

/

- m tng i

P * x/2

(0.622 + x )* P
/

bh

1.033 * 0.027
= 0.135 =13.5%
(0.622 + 0.027 )0.3177

-Lng khng kh kh lm bc hi 1 Kg m ht t ngoi vo:

l /o =

x 2 xo

1
= 100 ,Kg/Kgm
0.027 0.0172

-Qa trnh sy tun hon kh thi (n=1):

/

IM =

I o + nI 2
69.76 + 1 *141.0
=
= 105.38 (KJ/Kgkkk)
1+ n
1+1

-Hm m ca hn hp khng kh:

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

18

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti
/

xM

x + nx 2
0.0172 + 1 * 0.027
= o
=
= 0.022 (Kg/Kgkkk)
1+ n
1+1

-Khi ra khi caloripher khng kh ch thay i nhit ch khng thay i hm

m do :
x/1 = x/M = 0.022(Kg/Kgkkk)
t1 = 100oC
-Vy nhit lng ring ca khng kh sy vo phng sy l:
I/1 = t1 + (2493 + 1.97*t1)*x/1 = 100 + (2493+1.97*100)*0.022=159.18
,KJ/Kgkkk
-Lng hi lu thc t:
l/H = l/o = 100( Kg/Kg m)
-Nhit khi ho trn:
/

tM =

I / M 2493 * x M

1 + 1.97 * x M

105.38 2493 * 0.022

= 48.4 0 C
1 + 1.97 * 0.022

th I - x biu din qu trnh sy l thuyt v sy thc

ng AMB1C1 biu din qu trnh sy thc t c tun hon mt phn kh thi

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

19

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

4.4 Cn bng nhit lng

= qr

4.4.1 Nhit lng vo

Nhit do calorife si cung cp:
qs=l(I1-IM)=100(159.18-105.38)=5380 ,KJ/Kg m
Nhit lng do vy liu sy mang vo:
G * C * 513.5 * 0.37 * 4.18 * 26
=65.86 ,KJ/Kgm
qvl= 1 vl 1 =
313.5

Nhit lng do khng kh sy mang vo my sy:

qkkv=l*IM=100*105.38=10538 ,KJ/Kgm
Vy tng nhit lng vo:

= q s + q vl + q kkv = 5380 + 65.86 + 10538 = 15983.86 ,KJ/Kgm

4.4.2 Nhit lng ra

Nhit lng do vt liu sy mang ra:
G * C *
200 * 0.37 * 4.18 * 70
= 69.06 ,KJ/Kgm
qvlr= 2 vl 2 =
313.5

Nhit do tn tht ca phng sy:

q = 53.14 , KJ/Kgm
Nhit do khng kh mang ra :
qkkr=l*I2=100*141=14100 ,KJ/Kgm
Nhit tn tht trong qu trnh sy:
qt=l(I1-I2)= 100(159.18-141)=1818 , KJ/Kgm
Vy tng nhit lng ra l:

= q vlr + q + q kkr + qt = 69.06 + 53.14 + 14100 + 1818 = 16039.38 ,KJ/Kgm

So snh tng nhit lng vo v tng nhit lng ra:

=

qv qr
q max

15983.86 16039.38
16039.38

= 0.0035 = 0.35% <5%

Vy cc gi thit v cc qu trnh tnh ton trn u c th chp nhn c

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

20

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

PHN 5 : TNH TON THIT B PH

5.1 Calorifer
Do yu cu v cht lng ca sn phm ch sau khi sy nn dng tc nhn sy l
khng kh nng.Khng kh nng i qua calorifer si v nhn nhit trc tip t
hi nc bo ho qua thnh ng.Khng kh dng sy c nhit theo yu cu
l 1000C,cht truyn nhit l hi nc bo bo .
Thit b l loi ng chm,hi nc bo ho i trong ng,khng kh i ngoi
ng.Hai lu th chuyn ng cho dng
5.1.1 Chn kch thc truyn nhit
Chn ng truyn nhit bng ng,c gn nng h s truyn nhit,h s dn
nhit ca ng l = 385 W/m {sch QTTB tp I_ trang 125}
yChn ng:
-ng knh ngoi ca ng
:
dng = 0.03 (m)
-ng knh trong ca ng
:
dtr = 0.025 (m)
d ng d tr

-Chiu dy ca ng

-ng knh ca gn
-Bc gn

:
:

Dg = 1.4dng = 0.042(m)
bg = 0.01 m

-Chiu cao ca gn

-Chiu di ca ng

= 1 (m)

-S gn trong trn mt ng

m =

2
D g d ng
2

= 0.0025 (m)

= 0.006 (m)

l
= 100
bg

-B dy bc gn
:
b = 0.002(m)
-Tng chiu di ca gn
:
Lg=b*m=0.002*100=0.2(m)
-Tng chiu di khng gn
:
Lkg = l-Lg = 1.0-0.2=0.8(m)
-Lng khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh sy c hi lu (theo tnh ton thc t):
l = 100( Kg/Kgm)
L = 31350( Kg/h)
-Nhit ca khng kh ban u khi hi lu :
tM = 48.4oC
-Nhit khng kh sau khi ra khi caloripher l t1=1000C
-Th tch ring ca khng kh
v100oC =
v70oC =

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

100
1

70

=
o

=
o

1
= 1.057 ,m3/kg
0.946

1
= 0.97 , m3/kg
1.029

21

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti
v48.4oC =
v26oC =
vtb =

48.4
1

26

=
o

=
o

1
= 0.8 ,m3/kg
1.181

v 26o + v100o
2

1
= 0.88 , m3/kg
1.125

= 0.93 ,m3/kg

-Lng khng kh kh i vo caloripher l:

V=L*vtb = 31350*0.93=29155 , (m3/h)
-H s cp nhit i lu 1 :
+Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh trong caloripher ttb
ttb = thnc- t tb
M:

t tb =

t d t c
t
ln d
t c

+Chn nhit hi nc bo ho khi vo l : thn = 130oC

+Chn nhit hi nc bo ho khi ra l thnc = 105oC
Nn ta c:
t d = t hnd t d = 130 26 = 104 o C
tc = t hnc t c = 105 100 = 5 o C

Thay s vo ta c:
t tb = 32.5 o C

Suy ra :
ttb = 130-32.5 = 97.5oC
ng vi gi tr ttb ta c:
= 0.935 (Kg/m3)
= 3.15 *10 2 (W/moC)
= 22.5 *10 6 (m2/s)
= 21.7 * 10 6 (Ns/m2)
Pr = 0.69
5.1.2 Tnh ton
Din tch b mt ca mt ng : (pha trong ca ng)
Ftr = *dtr*l = 3.14*0.025*1.0 = 0.0785( m2)
Din tch mt ngoi ca ng:
Fng = * dng*l = 3.14*0.03*1.0= 0.0342 (m2)
Din tch phn b mt ngoi ca mt ng
Fbm = Fgn+Fkgn
-Din tch phn c gn

Fgn = * D g * Lg + * D g 2 * d 2 ng
= 0.02705(m2)
4

-Din tch phn khng gn

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

22

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

Fkgn = Lkg* * d ng = 0.8*3.14*0.03=0.07536 (m2)

Vy :
Fbm = 0.02705+0.07536 = 0.10241 (m2)
Chn s ng xp hng ngang l:
i = 20
Khong cch gia cc ng ny ng kia l 0.05(m)
Khong cch gia ng ngoi cng dn caloripher l:x= 0.01 (m)
Tit din t do ca mt phng vung gc vi phng chuyn ng ca khng kh:
Ftd=Fng-Ftr=0.0942-0.0785=0.0157 ,m2
Chn tc dng kh qua calorifer l: kk = 6 m /s
Chun s Re:
*b
6 * 0.01
= 2600
Re = kk g =

22.5 * 10 6
2300< Re< 104.Vy dng kh trong calorifer chy qu
Chun s Nu(tnh cho trng hp lu th chy ngang qua bn ngoi chm ng
c gn):
d
Nu = C ng
bg

0.54

h
*
b
g

0.14
n

* Re * Pr

0.4

{sch QTTB_trang 226 }

Trong :
dng : ng knh ngoi ca ng; dng = 0.03 (m)
bg : bc ca gn ; bg = 0.01 (m)
h :chiu cao gn ; hg = 0.006 (m)
C,n : cc i lng ph thuc cch sp xp ng
Chn cch sp xp ng l thng hng,nn ta c: C=0.116

n=0.72
Vy

0.03

0.01

0.54

Nu = 0.116

0.006
*

0.01

0.14

* 2600 0.72 * 0.69 0.4 = 21.6

-H s cp nhit i lu:
2 =

Nu * 21.6 * 0.0315
2
=
= 68.04 (W/m )
0.006
bg

H s cp nhit t hi nc bo ho n thnh ng 1
1 = 2.04 * A * (

Vi

r
) 0.25 (W/m2)
H * t

H=1.0 : chiu cao ng

r : n nhit ho hi J/kg.Tra bng I250-s tay QTTB tp 1
r=2208*10 3 J/Kg

-H s A c tr s ph thuc vo ttb

Chn tT = 1100C:Nhit ti thnh ng truyn nhit

Vy ttb =

tT + t hnd 110 + 130

=
= 120 o C
2
2

S dng phng php ngoi suy,tra bng QTTB trang 231 ta c

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

23

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

A = 188

t =130-120=10 C

Vy thay s vo ta tnh c:
1 = 262.8 (W/m2)
q1 = 1 * t =262.8*10 = 2628,KJ/Kgm
Tnh h s cp nhit t mt ngoi ng n khng kh chuyn ng trong
caloripher 2
-Lu th chy qua bn ngoi ng thnh ng c gn:
2 = 68.04 (Do chn tc dng kh kk = 6 m/s )
H s cp nhit i lu thc t:
2tt =32 W/m2
Vy

k=

1
1

Fbm
Ftr

1
= 22.4
1
1 0.10241
+
+
262.8 32 0.0785

1 2tt
-Vy nhit lng ring:
q2 = k*tTB =22.4*120 = 2688 ,KJ/Kgm
2628 2688
q1 q 2
*100 =
*100 = 2.2% < 5%
So snh
2688
q maz
Vy tt c cc gi thit trn c th chp nhn c
5.1.3 Xc nh b mt truyn nhit
-Lng nhit do caloripher cung cp:

I2 Io
{sch QTTB trang 168}
x2 xo
= 12.98 J/Kgm
146.268 69.76
qs =
+ 12.98 = 6388.38 (J/Kgm)
0.029 0.0172
qs =

Trong :

Qs = qs*W = 6388.38*313.5 = 2002.757 (KJ/h)

-Hiu sut caloripher ly = 0.9
-Lng nhit thc t do caloripher cp:
Qt =

Qs

2002.757
= 2225.286 (KJ/h)
0.9

-Gi D l lng hi nc tiu tn trong 1h

Qt = D*r suy ra D =

Qt
2225.286
=
= 1021242 (KJ/h)
r
2179 *10 3

-Lng nhit thc t truyn t hi nc trong ng n thnh ng:

Qt = 3.6*k*F* t tb
Suy ra

F=

Qt
1021242
2
=
= 28.3 ( m )
3.6 * k * t tb 3.6 * 22.4 * 32.5

-B mt truyn nhit thc:

Ft = k*F ; k = 1.2 n 1.5
SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

24

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

Chn k = 1.2
Suy ra

Ft = 1.2*28.3=34(m2)
-B mt truyn nhit trung bnh:
Ftb=

Fbm + Ftr 0.10241 + 0.0785

2
=
= 0.09 (m )
2
2

-S ng truyn nhit trong caloripher:

n=

Ft
34
=
= 378 ng
Ftb 0.09

-S ng xp theo chiu ngang:

m=

n 378
=
= 19 ng
20
i

-Chn s ng xp theo hng ngang 19 ng

S ng xp theo hng dc l 20 ng
Vy kch thc caloripher:
+Chiu di ca caloripher
Lx = (i-1)*0.05+Dg*20+2x , (m)
= (20-1)*0.05+0.042*20+2*0.01=1.81 ,m
+Chiu rng caloripher:
Bx = (m-1)*0.05+Dg+2x
=(19-1)*0.05+0.042*19+2*0.01 = 1.718(m)
+Chiu cao caloripher l:
Hx =l+2a =1+2*0.1=1.2( m)
a:b dy mi tm chn
5.2 Xyclon
5.2.1 Gii thiu v xyclon:
Do yu cu v sch ca ch cng nh kh thi ngi ta s dng tc nhn sy l
khng kh nng.Trong qu trnh sy khng kh chuyn ng vi vn tc ln nn
mt phn ch s theo khng kh ra ngoi. thu hi kh thi v ch,ngi ta t
ng ng ra ca khng kh nng mt xyclon tch sch hn.
5.1.2 Tnh ton
- nhit 70oC th tch ring ca khng kh l:
v70oC = 0.97 (m3/Kg)
-Lu lng khng kh ra khi phng sy (vo xyclon)
V2 = L*v70oC = 3040.95 (m3/h)
-Gi P l tr lc ca cyclon th:
540<

< 750 (sch s tay QT&TBCNHC tp 1_trang522)

K
K = 1.029 Khi lng ring ca kh 70,0C

= 540 .Vy P = 540 * 1.029 = 555.66

K
-Tc quy c l Wq

Chn

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

25

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB
Wq=

Sy bng ti
2 * P
,m/s
* k

Wq = 2.2 2.5 (sch ST QT&TBCNHC tp 1_trang522)

Chn Wq=2.5
-ng knh ca cyclon l:
D=

V2
=0.65(m)
0.785 * Wq * 3600

Da vo nh knh D =650mm, ta chn cyclon n loi LIH-15

-Kch thc c bn ca cyclon LIH-15
+Chiu cao ca vo(kch thc bn trong)
: a =0.66D=0.4(m)
+Chiu cao ng trung tm c mt bch
: h1 = 1.74D=1.13(m)
+Chiu cao phn hnh nn
: h2 = 2.26D=1.5(m)
+Chiu cao phn hnh tr
: h3 = 2.0D=1.3(m)
+Chiu cao phn bn ngoi ng tm
: h4 = 0.3D=0.2(m)
+Chiu cao chung
: H =4.56D=3(m)
+ng knh ngoi ca ng
: d1 = 0.6D=0.4(m)
+ng knh trong ca ng
: d2 = 0.4D=0.26(m)
+Chiu rng ca vo

b1 0.26 D 0.169
=
=
(m)
b
0.13
0.2D

+Chiu di ca ng ca vo
: l = 0.6D=0.4(m)
+Khong cnh t tn cng n mt bch
: h5 = 0.32D=0.2(m)
+Gc nghing ca np ca vo
: = 15o
+ng knh ca cyclon
: D = 650mm
+H s tr lc ca cyclon
: = 105
5.3 Tnh ton tr lc v chn qut
5.3.1 Gii thiu v qut
-Qut l b phn vn chuyn khng kh v to p sut cho dng kh i qua cc
thit b :Caloripher,my sy, ng ng,cyclon.Nng lng do qut to ra cung
cp cho dng kh mt p sut ng hc di chuyn v mt phn khc phc tr
lc trn ng ng vn chuyn.
-Nng sut ca qut c c trng bi th tch kh i vo hay i ra thit b sy
-S dng hai qut:
+Mt l dng ht kh thi cyclon i vo caloripher
+Mt l va ht kh mi v kh thi hi lu vo caloripher
5.3.2 Tnh tr lc ca ton b qu trnh
1.Tr lc t ming qut n calorifer
Chn ng ni t ming qut n caloripher c ng knh l 0.3 (m ),di l= 3m
-Vn tc kh i trong ng l:
L'
3600 * * F
= 1.06 Kg/m3 tM =48.4oC

d =

Ta c

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

26

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB
F=

Sy bng ti

*d2

3.14 * 0.3 2
= 0.07065 ( m2)
4

L = 31350 (Kg/h)
d = 11.6 (m/s)
Vy
Chun s Reynol l :
*d
11.6 * 0.3
=
= 20 *10 4
Re = d
6
48.4
16.75 *10
o

Re = 20*10 4 >10 4 Vy khng kh i trong ng theo ch chy xoy

-Chuyn ng chy xoy chia lm 3 vng
+Vng 1: Nhn thu lc hc: Khu vc ny nhm khng nh hng
n h s ma st
8

d 7
0 .3 7
Regh = 6 = 6 4 = 56494.23
10

=10 4 : nhm tuyt i ca tn ( Bng II-15-s tay QTTB-trang 381)

+Vng 2: Khu vc nhm:Khu vc ny h s ma st ph thuc vo
nhm m khng ph thuc vo Re
9

0 .3 8
d 8
Ren = 220* =220* 4 = 179549.5
10

Vy

Regh<Re<Ren
+Vng 3: Khu vc qu
10 4
4
d

0.3

= 3.3 *10 (8*10 5 ;1250*10 5 )

Vy h s ma st c tnh theo cng thc:

0.25

100
{s tay QTTBI trang 379}
= 0.1 * 1.46 * +

= 0.0177

Re

Vy tr lc trn ng t ming qut n caloripher l :

* l * * 2 0.0177 * 3 *1.06 *11.6 2
P1 =

2*d

2 * 0.3

= 12.52 (N/m2)

2.Tr lc do calorifer
-Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh nng trong caloripher l:
ttb =

100 + 26
= 63o C
2

Ti nhit ny tra bng c

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

= 0.0292 (W/moK)
= 1.024 (Kg/m3)
= 19.01 * 10 6 (m2/s)

27

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB
-Vn

tc

Sy bng ti

ca
=

khng

kh

trong

caloripher

l:

'

L
3600 * * F

F = H*Bx = 1.2*1.8 = 2.16 (m2)

kk = 3.94 (m/s)
-Chun s Reynol l:
Vi

4(1.2 * 1.8)
2(1.2 + 1.8)
= 0.3 * 10 6
19.1 * 10 6

3.94 *

kk * d td
=

Re>10 4 vy khng kh chuyn ng theo ch chy xoy

Do ng xp theo kiu hnh lang nn

Re =

s
= (6 + 9m)
d

0.23

(Re )0.26 {s tay QTTBI trang 404}

Vi s l khong cch gia cc ng theo phng ct ngang ca dng chuyn ng

(theo chiu rng ca dng)
S=0.005+0.006+0.03/2 =0.026 (m)
m l s dy chm theo phng chuyn ng
m = 19
d: ng knh ng : d = Dg = 0.049(m)
= 10.421
Suy ra
Vy tr lc do caloripher l:
2
3.94 2
P2 = * *
= 13.58 *1.024 *
= 107.9 (N/m2)
2

3.Tr lc do t m vo calorifer
-Din tch ca mt ct ngang ca ng y
2

0.3
2
= 0.07065, m
2

Fo = *

-Din tch ct ngang ca ng dn khng kh nng:

Ft = H*Bx = 1.2*1.8=2.16( m2)
T s

F0 0.07065
=
= 0.032
Ft
2.16

Tra bng s tay QTTB I trang 387 ta c = 0.95

Vy tr lc do t m vo caloripher l:
2
11.6 2
P3 = * *
= 0.95 *1.024 *
= 65.45 (N/m2)
2

4.Tr lc t thu t calorife ra ng dn khng kh nng

-Khng kh nng c nhit t = 100oC
= 23.13 *10 6 (m2s)
= 0.916 (Kg/m3)
-Din tch ct ngang ca ng dn khng kh nng

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

28

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB
F2 = *

Sy bng ti
0.3 2
= 0.07065 ,m2
4

-Vn tc ca khng kh nng trong ng

,

kk

L'
=
= 11.6 (m/s)
3600 * * F2

-Chun s Reynol:

kk * d
11.6 * 0.3
=
= 15 *10 4
6

23.13 *10
4
Re>10 :Vy khng kh chuyn ng theo ch xoy

Re =

F2
= 0.032
F1
Tra bng QTTB I trang 338 = 0.95

T s

Vy tr lc do t thu caloripher l:
2 kk
P4 = *
= 58.5 (N/m2)
2

5.Tr lc ng ng dn khng kh t caloifer n phng sy

+Chn ng ng di 2 (m)
+ng knh ng d =0.3 (m)
-Tnh ton ging ng t ming qut n caloripher ta c:
Regh<Re<Ren
-Nn kh khu vc qu = 0.0162
Vy tr lc trn ng ng dn kh l:
* l * * 2 0.0162 * 2 * 0.916 *11.6 2
P5 =

2*d

2 * 0.3

= 6.66 (N/m2)

6.Tr lct m vo phng sy

-Din tch mt ngang ng Fo = 0.07065 m2
-Din tch ngang ca phng sy F1 = h*R =1.183*1.82 = 2.153(m2)
Fo
= 0.0328
F1

Tra bng ST QTTBI trang 387 c = 0.95

Vy tr lc t m vo phng sy l:
2
11.6 2
P6 = * *
= 0.95 * 0.916 *
= 58.5 (N/m2)
2

7.Tr lc t thu ra khi phng sy

-Nhit ra khi phng sy l t2 = 70oC = 0.996 (Kg/m3)
= 20.02 *10 6 (m2/s)
11.6 * 0.3
*d
-Chun s Reynol :
Re =
=
=17*104
6

20.02 *10
4
Re>10 khng khi theo ch chy xoy

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

29

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

Tra bng st QTTB I trang 385 ta c = 0.48

2
11.6 2
Vy tr lc l
P7 = * *
= 0.48 * 0.996 *
= 32.17 ( N/m2)
2

8.Tr lc ca phng sy
Ta c th chn
P8 = 1000 (N/m2)
9.Tr lc ng ng dn kh t phng sy n xyclon
ng ng ny c chia lm 2 on:
+ on 1:t phng sy i ra ,chn ng c ng knh 3(m),di l=1.5(m)
Vn tc khng kh trong ng :
kk =

V2
0 .3
3600 * *

3040.95
0.3
3600 * 3.14 *

= 11.9 (m/s2)

Chun s Reynon :

kk * d
11.9 * 0.3
=
= 18 * 10 4
6

20.02 * 10
Re>104 do khng kh chuyn ng theo ch chy xoy
* l * * 2 0.0162 * 1.5 * 0.996 * 11.9 2

Re=

P9 =

2*d

2 * 0.3

= 5.7 (N/m2)

+ on 2:t cui on 1 n xyclon,chn ng c ng knh 3(m),di l=8(m)

* l * * 2 0.0162 * 8 * 0.996 *11.9 2
P10 =
=
= 30.5 (N/m2)
2*d

2 * 0.3

10.Tr lc ng ng dn kh tun hon

Chn ng ng c ng knh d=3m,di l=1.5m
* l * * 2 0.0162 * 1.5 * 0.996 *11.9 2
P11 =

2*d

2 * 0.3

11.Tr lc ng ng dn kh t qut ht n xyclon

Chn ng ng c ng knh d=3m,di l=4m
* j * * 2 0.0162 * 4 * 0.996 *11.9 2
P12 =

2*d

2 * 0.3

= 5.7 (N/m2)

= 15.2 (N/m2)

12.Tr lc ti cc khuu
T phng sy ra: = 90 0 , = 1.1 (Sch TT& thit k h thng sy_trang 352)
11.9 2

P12 = * *
= 1.1 * 0.996 *
= 77.6 (N/m2)
2

13.Tr lc ti cc chc 3
Ta c F3/F2=1&V3/V2=1 suy ra A=0.6& '= 2.0 (Sch St QTTB&CNHC
tp1_tr390)
Do = A * ' = 0.6 * 2.0 = 1.2
11.9 2
2
P13 = * *
= 1.2 * 0.996
= 84.6 (N/m2)
2

14.Tr lc ca xyclon
SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

30

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

2
Chn
P14 = 590 (N/m )
15.Tr lc ca ton b h thng

P = P1 + ........... + P14
P = 2128.11 (N/m2)

5.4 Tnh cng sut ca qut v chn qut

5.4.1 Qut y hn hp kh vo xyclon
Lu lng y vo:
Q = V = L*vtM = 27588(m3/h)
-p sut lm vic ton phn:
'
273 + t M
760 k
*
*
{s tay QTTB I trang 463}
H = H p*
293
760.8
Vi :
Hp : Tr lc tnh ton ca h thng
Hp = P =2128.11 (N/m2)
tM : Nhit lm vic ca hn hp kh tM = 48.4oC
B = 760.8 mmHg : p sut ti ch t qut
:Khi lng ring ca ca kh ktc = 1.181Kg / m 3
k : khi lng ring ca kh k lm vic k = 1.08 ,Kg/m3
H = 2128.11*

273 + 48.4 760 1.08

2
*
*
= 2019.8 ,N/m
293
760.8 1.181

-Cng sut trn trc ng c in :

N=
Vi

Q*HP * g *
, KW {st QTTB I trang 463}
1000 * q * tr

tr = 0.95 : Truyn ng qua bnh ai

q : Hiu sut ca qut ly 72%
Q = 181.275 m3/h = 0.050359 m3/s)
Q : Nng sut qut:Q=181.275 (m3/h)=0.05035(m3/s)

N=

0.05035 * 2015.72 * 9.81 *1.08

= 1.57, KW
1000 * 0.72 * 0.95

-Cng sut thit lp i vi ng c in:

Nc = N*k3 ,(KW)
Vi k3 l h s d tr
N = 1.57 chn k3 = 1.2 {bng II-48 trang 64 ST QTTB I}
Suy ra
N = 1.57*1.2=1.884,( KW)
5.4.2 Qut ht kh thi xyclon
-Lu lng ht:
Qh = L*v700C=30409.5 (m3/h)
-Qu trnh tnh ton nh trn
+p sut lm vic ton phn:
H =1987.9,( N/m2)
+Cng sut trn ng c in:
SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

31

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

N = 1.45,KW
+Cng sut thit lp i vi ng c in:
Nc = 1.45*1.25=1.8125, KW
5.4.3 Chn qut
C hai qut u s dng qut ly tm loi II4.70No4
{s tay QTTB I trang 482}vi cng mt hiu sut = 0.72

PHN 6 :

KT LUN

Sau khi hon thnh xong n gip em tm hiu su hn v k thut

sy,c bit l nguyn tc hot ng cng nh cch tnh ton thit k h thng
sy.Mc ch cng nh tm quan trng ca thit b sy kiu bng ti trong quy
trnh sn xut.
V y l n mn hc u tin m em tip xc,phn ti liu tham kho cn
hn ch v kin thc cn hn hp.Hn na cc cng thc tnh ton cn mang tnh
tng i,nhiu h s t chn c th dn n sai lch kt qu.
Tuy nhin,cng vi s gip ca bn b,c bit l s hng dn tn tnh
ca thy gio gip em hon thnh n ny
Em chn thnh cm n

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

32

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

PHN 7: TI LIU THAM KHO

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

C s cc QT&CNHC tp 2 _NXB H&TH Chuyn nghip

K thut sy nng sn
_NXB KHKT H Ni _1991
S tay QTTB&CNHC tp1
S tay QTTB&CNHC tp 2
Tnh ton v thit k h thng sy_ Trn Vn Ph_NXB GD_2001

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

33

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

Sy bng ti

PHN 8 : MC LC
Phn 1: M u
Phn 2: S cng ngh sy & thuyt minh
Phn 3: Cn bng vt cht
Phn 4: Cn bng nhit lng &tnh ton thit b chnh

Trang 1
Trang 3
Trang 5
Trang

10
Phn 5:

Tnh ton v chn thit b ph

Trang

Phn 6:

Kt lun

Trang

Phn 7:

Ti liu tham kho

Trang

Phn 8:

Mc lc

Trang

21
33
34
35

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

34

GVHD: Nguyn Dn

 n mn hc: QTTB

SVTH: Nguyn Th T Dip_02H

Sy bng ti

35

GVHD: Nguyn Dn