Structural Design of Swimming Pools

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO.
(SB-06)
SAADIYAT ISLAND, ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Structural Design of Swimming Pools
DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SWIMMING POOLS
Page
Section
1.
Introduction
2.
Geotechnical Design Data
2.1
Site Condition and Recommendation
3.
Design Criteria
3.1
Design Loading
3.2
3.6
Load Combinations
Materials
Concrete Cover
Crack Control
Codes and Standards
4
4
5
5
5
4.
Design of Vertical Wall & Base Slab
5.
Check of Early Thermal Cracking
11
6.
Check Soil Bearing Capacity
12
3.3
3.4
3.5
Page 1 of 12
09 Aug. 2010

1. Introduction
This design calculation shall cover the structural design of the swimming pools structures
for BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT (SB-06), SAADIYAT ISLAND.
This design calculation shall cover the following swimming pools:
Structure Name
No.
09 Aug. 2010
Garden Villa Swimming Pool
Royal Garden Villa Swimming Pool Type 1
Royal Garden Villa Swimming Pool Type 2
Swimming Pool Type 1
Cabana Plunge Pool
Kid's Pool
Ryad Single Story Villa Swimming Pool
10
Ryad Double Story Villa Swimming Pool
Approximate
Length
Approximate
Width
Water
Depth
4.25
3.60
1.10
9.00
3.00
1.10
4.20
3.00
1.10
30.00
15.60
0.90 / 1.40
21.50
11.00
1.00
Length & Width are Varied
0.90
0.90
0.45
4.00
3.00
1.10
4.60
2.00
1.10
Page 2 of 12

2. Geotechnical Design Data

2.1
Site Condition and Recommendation

Since there is no available information about the site condition, the soil bearing capacity
shall be assumed 50kN/m2. The foundation designs will be verified against the data and
recommendations received from the soil investigations.
3. Design Criteria
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
Design Loading
Dead Load
The following densities and dead load allowances will be adopted in the design of the
structural elements:
Density of Reinforced Concrete
25.0 kN/m3
Density of Unreinforced Concrete
23.0 kN/m3
Density of Soil
20.0 kN/m3
Submerged Density of Concrete
10 KN/m3
Submerged Density of Soil
10 KN/m3
Super Imposed Load

The following super imposed dead loads shall be taken into account:
3.1.3
Floor Finishes
1.5 KN/m2
Services
1.0 KN/m2
Live Load
The following live loads shall be taken into account:
3.1.4
Loading Bay
Sand load shall be additive to live loads when area under consideration is used as
a work area. A 0.75 kN/m2load shall be used in design of slabs.
7.50 KN/m2
Earth Pressure
For the design of earth retaining structural elements, the earth pressure will be
determined as follows:
Ka (active earth pressure) = 1sin / 1+sin = 0.33 (used for check of stability)
Kp (passive earth pressure) = 1+sin / 1-sin = 3.0
Ko (at rest pressure) = 1-sin = 0.50
(used for design of section)
Where is angle of internal friction, and it is equal to 30.
Page 3 of 12
09 Aug. 2010

3.2
Load Combinations
Ultimate Limit State
3.2.1
Ultimate Limit State Combinations
ULS_01
3.2.2
1.4DL+1.6LL+1.2EP+1.4WP+ 1.2T
Serviceability Limit State

SLS_01
1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0EP+1.0WP+1.0T
Legend:
3.3
DL
Carga Muerta
LL
Viva/Impuesta
EP
Presin de Tierra
WP
Presin de Agua
Temperatura Uniforme
Materiales
Todos los materiales deben estar conforme con los estandares aplicables como los estados aqu o como
los especificados por desempeo.
3.3.1
Concreto
Los siguientes grados de concreto deben ser usados:
Grado del
Concreto
dC40/20
C20/20
3.3.2
Resistencia Caracteristica fcu

Modulos def Elasticida
Elemento Estructurales
All Structural Elements
40 N/mm2
28 KN/mm2
Blinding / Mass Concrete
20 N/mm2
20 KN/mm2
Reinforcing Steel
Hot rolled reinforcement to BS 4449: 1997 will be specified with the following properties:
Type
Designation
Yield Strength
Modulus of Elasticity
Mild Steel
High Yield Deformed Type 2
09 Aug. 2010
250 N/mm2
200 KN/mm2
460 N/mm2
200 KN/mm2
Page 4 of 12

3.4
Concrete Cover
Element
Raft
Retaining Walls
Water Tank Walls
3.5
Exposure
Min. Cover
Earth Faces
75mm
Other Faces
50mm
Earth Faces
60mm
Exposed to Weather
40mm
Water Faces
50mm
Other Faces
40mm
Crack Control
For retaining aqueous liquids structures a maximum crack width of 0.20 mm shall be
adopted; crack width shall be calculated to BS8007.
3.6
Codes and Standards

BS 8007
Design of Concrete Structures for Retaining Aqueous Liquids
BS 8110
Structural Use of Concrete
BD 28
Early Thermal Cracking in Concrete
Page 5 of 12
09 Aug. 2010

4.
Design of Vertical Wall & Base Slab

The maximum water depth
= 1.40 m.
The water pressure
= 10 * 1.40
Service Moment due to water pressure
= 0.50 * 14 * 1.40 * 1.40 / 3
= 14.0 kN/m
= 4.57 kN.m
Ultimate Moment due to water pressure
= 1.40 * 4.57
= 6.43 kN.m
The maximum wall height
= 1.60 m.
The at rest earth pressure due to soil
= 0.50 * 20 * 1.60
= 16.0 kN/m
The at rest earth pressure due to surcharge
= 0.50 * 7.50
= 3.75 kN/m
Service Moment due to earth pressure
= 0.50 * 16.0 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 3 +

3.75 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 2
Service Moment due to earth pressure
= 6.90 + 4.80
= 11.70 kN.m
Ultimate Moment due to earth pressure
= 1.20 * 11.70
= 14.00 kN.m
Ground water table is lower the base slab so NO bending moment on the base slab due
to the water weight.
Page 6 of 12
09 Aug. 2010

Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section

According to BS8110
Part Title :- Design of Vertical Wall
Notations :
1. Factored Bending Moments ( Kn,m )
M ULT
14
Kn.m
M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.
2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel
fcu = Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).
fcu
40
N/mm2
fy
420
N/mm2
fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.
1000
mm
b = Width of rectangular section.
360
mm
h = Overall depth of section.
290
mm
d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.
mm2
As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.
As (T16-175)
1142
3. Steps of Design
276 mm
z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.
Mu1
115 Kn.m
Mu1 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (1).
Mu2
505 Kn.m
Mu capacity
115 Kn.m
Mu = The ultimate resistance moment.
As min.
540 mm2
As provided is OK
09 Aug. 2010
Mu capacity
>
Mult
As provided
>
As min.
As provided is OK
Page 7 of 12

Calculation of Crack Width According to BS 8110

( Considering Stiffening Effect of The Concrete in Tension Zone )
Part Title :- Design of Vertical Wall
Notations :
1. Service Bending Moment ( Kn.m )

M DL
6.90
Kn.m
M DL = Service bending moment due to dead load.
M LL
4.80
Kn.m
M LL = Service bending moment due to live load.
2. Properties of Materials
Fcu
Es
Allowable Crack Width
40
210000
N/mm2 Fcu = Characteristic concrete cube strength.

N/mm2 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
0.20
mm
1000
mm
b = Width of section.
360
mm
290
mm
d = Effective depth to tension reinforcement.
mm2
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
3. Properties of Section
As
1142
16
mm
175
mm
s = Spacing between steel bars.
50
mm
Cnom = Clear Nominal cover.
Cnom
4. Calculations of crack width

Ec
34000
12.35
dc
77.44
= Bar diameter.
N/mm2 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete.

n = Es / (0.50*Ec)
mm
dc = depth of concrete in compression.
7.922E+08
mm4
Inv = Moment of inertia of cracked section.
11.70
Kn.m
M = Total service bending moment.
38.78
N/mm2
s = Stress in tensile reinforcement.
Inv
s
1
s = Strain in tensile reinforcement.

1 = Strain in concrete at tensile zone
1.85E-04
2.45E-04
neg. concrete effect in tension.
m = Strain in tensile reinforcement at tensile zone
0.00E+00
Taking Stiffening of concrete in tension.
acr
96.98
mm
acr = distance from the crack point considered

to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar.
Crack width = ( 3 * acr * c ) / (1 + 2 * ( acr-Cnom ) / ( h-dc )) =
0.000 mm
Safe of crack width
Page 8 of 12
09 Aug. 2010

Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section

According to BS 8110
Part Title :- Design of Base Slab
Notations :
1. Factored Bending Moments ( Kn,m )
M ULT
14
Kn.m
M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.
2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel
fcu = Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).
fcu
40
N/mm2
fy
420
N/mm2
fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.
1000
mm
b = Width of rectangular section.
250
mm
170
mm
d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.
As (T12-175)
645
mm2
As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.
3. Steps of Design
z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.

162 mm
Mu1
38 Kn.m
Mu2
173 Kn.m
Mu capacity
As min.
38 Kn.m
Mu = The ultimate resistance moment.
375 mm2
As provided is OK
Mu capacity
>
Mult
09 Aug. 2010
As provided
>
As min.
As provided is OK
Page 9 of 12

Calculation of Crack Width According to BS 8110

( Considering Stiffening Effect of The Concrete in Tension Zone )
Part Title :- Design of Base Slab
Notations :
1. Service Bending Moment ( Kn.m )

M DL
6.90
Kn.m
M DL = Service bending moment due to dead load.
M LL
4.80
Kn.m
M LL = Service bending moment due to live load.
2. Properties of Materials
Fcu
Es
Allowable Crack Width
40
210000
N/mm2 Fcu = Characteristic concrete cube strength.

N/mm2 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel.
0.20
mm
1000
mm
b = Width of section.
250
mm
170
mm
d = Effective depth to tension reinforcement.
As
645
mm2
As = Area of tension reinforcement.
3. Properties of Section
12
mm
175
mm
s = Spacing between steel bars.
50
mm
Cnom = Clear Nominal cover.
Cnom
4. Calculations of crack width

Ec
34000
12.35
dc
44.69
Inv
M
s
1
= Bar diameter.
N/mm2 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete.

n = Es / (0.50*Ec)
mm
dc = depth of concrete in compression.
1.549E+08
mm4
Inv = Moment of inertia of cracked section.
11.70
Kn.m
M = Total service bending moment.
N/mm2
s = Stress in tensile reinforcement.
116.95
s = Strain in tensile reinforcement.

1 = Strain in concrete at tensile zone
5.57E-04
9.12E-04
neg. concrete effect in tension.
m = Strain in tensile reinforcement at tensile zone
4.21E-04
Taking Stiffening of concrete in tension.
acr
97.89
mm
acr = distance from the crack point considered

to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar.
Crack width = ( 3 * acr * c ) / (1 + 2 * ( acr-Cnom ) / ( h-dc )) =
0.084 mm
Safe of crack width
Page 10 of 12
09 Aug. 2010

Check of Early Thermal Cracking
5.
Early thermal cracking shall be checked according to BD28.

As = ( fct / fb ) * Ac * * [R (sh + th) - 0.5 * ult ] / ( 2 * w )
clause 5.3
fct / fb = 0.67
clause 5.4.
Ac
= 250 * 1000 = 250000 mm2.
Gross area of section.
= 12 mm
bar size.
= 0.50
Restraint Factor
ult = 0.0002
clause 5.3
sh = 0.0001
clause 5.6
th = 0.80 * * (T1 + T2)
clause 5.7
th = 0.80 * 0.000012 * (30 + 20) = 0.00048

w
= 0.20
allowable crack width
As required = 0.67 * 250000 * 12 * [ 0.50 * (0.0001 + 0.00048) - 0.5 * 0.0002 ] / ( 2 * 0.20 )

As required = 955 mm2.
As provided = T12-175 at Top & Bottom Surface = 2 * 113 / 0.175
As provided = 1290 mm2 > As required
OK
Page 11 of 12
09 Aug. 2010

6.
Check Soil Bearing Capacity

Thickness of Plain concrete Slab
= 0.10 m.
Thickness of Reinforced Base Slab
= 0.25 m.
The maximum water depth
= 1.40 m.
Pressure on soil due to base slab and water
= 0.075 * 23 + 0.25 * 25 + 1.40 * 10

= 21.975 kN/m2.
Assuming the vertical wall weight shall acting on 1.00m width of base slab.
Weight of vertical wall
= 0.36 * 1.60 * 25
= 14.40 kN/m
Total pressure on the soil
= 21.98 + 14.40
= 36.38 kN/m2.
= 0.36 kg/cm2.
09 Aug. 2010
Page 12 of 12

Structural Design of Swimming Pools

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DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO.

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)

Geotechnical Design Data

Site Condition and Recommendation

Design of Vertical Wall & Base Slab

Check of Early Thermal Cracking

Check Soil Bearing Capacity

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)

Garden Villa Swimming Pool

Royal Garden Villa Swimming Pool Type 1

Royal Garden Villa Swimming Pool Type 2

Swimming Pool Type 1

Swimming Pool Type 2

Swimming Pool Type 3

Cabana Plunge Pool

Ryad Single Story Villa Swimming Pool

Ryad Double Story Villa Swimming Pool

Length & Width are Varied

Length & Width are Varied

Length & Width are Varied

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)

2. Geotechnical Design Data

Site Condition and Recommendation

Density of Unreinforced Concrete

Submerged Density of Concrete

Submerged Density of Soil

Super Imposed Load

(used for design of section)

Where is angle of internal friction, and it is equal to 30.

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)

Serviceability Limit State

Resistencia Caracteristica fcu

Blinding / Mass Concrete

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)

Water Tank Walls

Codes and Standards

Design of Concrete Structures for Retaining Aqueous Liquids

Structural Use of Concrete

Early Thermal Cracking in Concrete

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)

Design of Vertical Wall & Base Slab

The water pressure

Service Moment due to water pressure

= 0.50 * 14 * 1.40 * 1.40 / 3

The maximum wall height

The at rest earth pressure due to soil

The at rest earth pressure due to surcharge

Service Moment due to earth pressure

= 0.50 * 16.0 * 1.60 * 1.60 / 3 +

Service Moment due to earth pressure

Ultimate Moment due to earth pressure

DEVELOPMENT OF BEACH HOTEL & RESORT, PLOT NO. (SB-06)

Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Section

M ULT = Factored Bending Moment.

2. Properties of Concrete section & Steel

fcu = Compressive strength of concrete (Cube).

fy = Yield strength of non-prestressing steel.

b = Width of rectangular section.

h = Overall depth of section.

d = The effective depth to the tension reinforcement.

As = Total area of non-prestressing steel.

z = The lever arm <= 0.95d.

Mu1 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (1).

Mu2 = The ultimate resistance moment - eq. (2).