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PA-O MAGAZINE
Issue 14 August 2009 www.paomagazine08.blogspot.com

Pa-O Nation’s Unforgettable Memory History Pagoda, a[mfScHSaygiSf vGO0f ikJ .f z&mS a&$.pm&H oxHKG .cefS
Pa-O Youth Organization (PYO) vdwv f ikJ Sf xdKG @SEGeSf tm.
Pa-O Community of Minnesota (USA) ytd0k .f ynm.a&SwdSk wufxif.xdw k m.tpD.tpJPA-O
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Pa-O National Day - Photo Exhibition - 10 Mrach 2009
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PA-O MAGAZINE TEAM


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PA-O MAGAZINE
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PA-O MAGAZINE
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xif;wefcsmerf; rirf;oH.o&m. [dKG efirf;oS0S/ vSoH.a0G.*?
tHzk siSf od.k yk*d~Kvf.atm0f.utm? uwdef.avGSxD. vdkSoDwJif acGwJh tD.oDAm.xmS EJlif;ygolSaeae ,l.aocsmerf;/
[dKG efirf;oS0S/ vSoH.a0G.* EJik ;f aem0fS?
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oDrm;'kuQ armhSvGacGemS olaeif.n tcde.f cg./ xGmpGO.f 'sm. orŠ K'</ jzm;'kuQ vGpw f ig/ qm'kuQ vGpx f ef.arG;/ xmSoDa[G;
oS0S[dKG efirf; aoerf;trm. vGpx f Skd ref./ vSedAmŠef. ndrSf xdSk vJO;f ? ,dv k iJ .f cg uxD.vdSk jzm;/ um;rJik Sf vJi.f vJi.f / um;rJik Sf jzmSjzmS/
xkr.f ukov kd .f yk*Kd~ vf.atm0f.rtm? xD.um.rJik Sf vJi.f vJi.f oGLwJh oSvGpjf cmS/ xD.um;rJik Sf jzmSjzmSwJh oSvGp0f S/ uxD.vdSk qmwJh yDy/D
oDAm.'kuQ xD.vGtmig. uxD.vdSk oDwhJ EJik ;f EJik ;f / terf;t0f.jzm;oGL/ t0f.qmoGL/ t0f.oDoLG wJh ,l.vSw0f;bk&mSavmifS/
oDrm.'kuQ armhSvGacGemS awmifSEJik ;f w0f; cGeo f ;D "wf?
xif;wefcsmerf; rirf;oH.o&m. t0f.vd.k ,l.vSAJi.f EJik ;f ,dk bk&mS avmifS cGeo f .D "wfaem0fS tzJSh zJSh tacg0af cg0f [0f[0f
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xkr.f w0f;w&mS vJO.f nmScsrSf om. xkr.f w&mS/ utD.rmSukov kd .f e0fS aqhSay./ wxkr.f w0f;w&mS wrmSw0f;ukov kd .f e0fS tmwef
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aAG.pifSwef = oD.oJif.
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7

ausmif S aemif c H S aAG . q&m.awmf .

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nig.vJO;f u&dSk e0fS n'sm.aeif.aygiSf wqD eDqaD rG;w0f;/ nvJO;f aeif.aygiSf ydO&f smSoGL? e0fSrS eDytd0k .f
uwdKG .vGOt f 'kH sm. xJik .f crf;udk nvJO;f aeif.aygiSf ydO&f smS&dSk wJh utD.,D;e,faz. oufao.zH.k e0fS
ausmifSaemifcSH wJh t0f.xGmtxsSaeaeoGL?
eDytd0k .f ausmifSaemifcSH e0fS (xJik ;f [JSh ) 0yfaemifcSH (Wat Noung Kham) trJik Sf 182/
qifSrGw J zlS/ qifSrG&J yfuu G Sf / a0ifS*deSf rJik ;f / c&Ji;f *deSf rJik ;f udo
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ausmifSaomifxsS xDaemifweft0f.zdk (,dkcgtJOfx0f;'GKrf) xDaemifudke0fS cHSt0f.aoGmhSzdkwJif
ap.wD . ausmif S aemif c H S zefoiJ Sf Am.rdOSf ausmifSaemifcSH &dSk EJil ;f e0fSoGL?
ytd k 0 f . ausmif S aemif c H S orJ i f S
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wGr.f aowJh 'if.yomcsmig wjcKd S/ wGr.f zd;k yem;wJh vGKrfrmSajzSpmS'sm.wGr.f zl;a0;,Ge.f / zl.a0;ajzm0fS/
zl;a0;o,rf(xJik Sf )zH.k e0fSoGL? ytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd zH.k wJh avGSavGSoJiSf oJiSf twGuf tqif.az.uajy.e0fS
w,f.qd@k SaoScef; ytd0k .f 'Hk cla0ifStxef.zJSh ausmifSaemifcSH &yf,ckd ge0fSoGL? qJik Sf e0fS eDytd0k ;f
vdSk um;om;zH.k avGmif.Al.a&SxGmtD. bm.om./ om.oem.wdSk wuft.D wm. tGO0f ifSpkA.l w,f.vl.
ausmifSaemifScHS clSa0ifS txef.zJSh (*de.f rJik ;f ) ,dck gaem0fSoGL?
ausmifSxGefSavmif;/ ausmifSaqif.avmif; uwJrf;aoScgS'sm. tvl.wum.rdOfSzHk.
udOSf tmtme0fS ausmifSzH.k / xGuzf .kH / eifSzH.k / rdOSf ytd0k .f ae;'sm.vGOSf vGOSf oGL? ausmifSaemifcSH
yGKH .pH.wJeh 0fS ausmifSaemifScHSudk ut0f.'sm. tEkynm.plajcmifS u0f.vJik Sf aum0f.wJik f aum0f.rGH
aum0f.oDG.zHk.,dk ytdk0f.tEkynm.osifSplajcmifS t,Hpm;'sm. oS0ifSpmSc&m. [0farG;ig.oGL?
uw,f.qd@k SaoS ausmifSaemifScHSe0fS om.oem. ouU&mZf 2460 aeif./ w,f.qd@k SxGL om.oem.
ouU&mZf 2470 Am.aeif.oGL? ausmifS0Jiu f kd uwJ.qd@k S'sm. ausmifSyGKH .pH.e0fS wa&Swif.w,f.arG;
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cefScefS aAG.pifS aAG.osiSf tHak oGmSh wGuw f m.oGL? w&Grw f ef eDjzHK./ odraf wmf./ ap.wD./ xDtw kH hJ
t0f.eDjzHK. ausmifzh ihJ g wjzHK./ ausmifzchJ sm wjzHK. pwJizf .kH e0fSoGL?
omSavmif ; uD aum0f ; vJ k i f S aAG . q&m.awmf ausmif S aemif c H S
uvJO;f cd.k csmwGr.f AwdKG .[ef.eDS,dck g uxGmzd'k sm. aAG.AGef (ut0f.eif;'sm.) ausmifSaemifcSH
pGKrf.ygSygSe0fS ytd0k .f zH.k 'sm.oGL? [ef.eDS,dck g aAG.AGeyf nm(Zmwd a0ifSarmufrikJ ;f ) t0f.tHk eif;ausmifS
oGL? pGKrf.aeif.aeif. trsmSpkA.l uyfSvl.ouFe.f uxde.f ,dk udKG ef[0fig.oGL/
ytd0k .f zH.k a[G; pdKG ;cdKG S bm.om. om.oem. ,Havxdx k iJ ;f xJi;f twm. rdOSf vGOw
f KGd .Am.
xJik .f crf;e0fS atm0f.vd.k v,f.wdKG .wdKG .ygS eDytd0k .f ausmifSaemifcSH oGL?

Wat Noung Kham (Pa-O)


182, Chang Moi Rd, Chang moi, Chiang Mai, 50300, Thailand,
xD t H k . ausmif S zJ h S ig Phone: 053 232459

PA-O MAGAZINE
8

Photo by Pa-O Magazine

vdwv
f ikJ Sf xdKG Sh EGe.f tm.
cGefqm.AGm=oxGHK.ay. oD.oJif.
Khunkgmaung@gmail.com

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(ref;'Jif)wJifSawGmhS ta&SwefwcdGKif;rJkifSu&dkSe0fS t0f.aovJOf;'sm. vGKrf;tudk 0ifSrmSazhSaoScgS eDoOG ;f oD;oSrJiSf ydOpf ;kd pd;k wJiaf wGmSh ASwdKG .
twdKG ifSoGL-o? vGO[ f ef;eDS ytd0k .f rdOSf *k%.f e0fS ytd0k .f xdSk rm.EJil ;f [ef;eDoLG ?
pdO.f wdKG .vGOf(galobalization)acwf wurBm.vGKrf; pGKrf.iDSrkS pdO.f wdKG .vGOf pd;k EJil ;f ,dck gwhJ tac. tae;tvS orf;t0f.vd.k
pd;k pepf ynm.a&SEJik ;f [ef;oSeDS,dck ge0fS eDoOG ;f oD;ytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd twm. oGOAf m.awm;'sm. 0ifSvdw/f 0ifSi0f;wJiSf awGmSh ytd0k .f Zm.wdo.GD Zm.wd
ta&Swefig. tajymiftvJik Sf um.v wzlSudw k iJ af wGmSh eDoOG ;f oD;ytd0k .f rmef.zH.k ,dk a&mfiSD jymiDSxd'k g.0ifSvdSk rsKSd wefawGmSh eDoOG ;f oD; pdKG ;cdKG Sa&Swm.
vdwv f ikJ Sf pGpSf vDwm.A[d.k oHCm.pdKG S/ ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf wGr.f a,ef.iJa&S tE &W m,f. wefig.oGL-o?
(A[d.k )pdKG S/ tGOif gom;zH.k ,dk t0f.vd.k xl.a&Saz.ig.oGL? uGyef 0fSrS acGoOG ;f &dSk Am. ta&Swef tajymifStvJik Sf um;vS
eDoOG ;f oD; ytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd ,dk oS&ufcKGd S xif.xdak &S/ bm.om.a&S/ tudk tem.*gwyf td0k .f ay.ausmifSom;oD; ynm.rGL;e0fS ,Hua'gSh rGeSf
ynm.a&S/ vdSk rkSa&S/ avGmif.Al.a&S/ a,Of.iJ;xHKG .pH. xdeSf odrSf azg.xef.a&S vGOSf wGr.f ytd0k .f oD.G xD/ tapmhSwJh ,H uwwJuSf vGOSf wGr.f rmef./ trGSH wJh
pwJit f a&SzH.k ,dek 0fS xdeSf odrSf w0f;/ axmif;avGSaz.w0f; wGr.f vdwv f ikJ Sf ,HuwJik v f OG Sf wGr.f ytd0k .f vD;G / t&m.wJ, h u
H &if;vGOSf wGr.f ytd0k .f wtdKG @/
xmSaoxmS'g.e0fS vSw0f;'sm.&ifSoGL? trdOSf ,dw k hJ ,HuxGmvGOSf u ytd0k .f oD; t[m.&wJiSf awGmSh eDoOG ;f oD;
“urBm.,dw k jzHK. xGmvGOpf oGL 'Hw k 'Hk EJil ;f [ef;oSeDS,dck ge0fS ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf yk*K~d vf.oD;zH.k xmSrmSwm.0Ge.f ,dk wefig.ra&;r&m.e0fS
eDoOG ;f oD;ytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG Stwm. xmSaoxmS'g. ^m%f.ynm.zH.k trGL;pig oe,f-o?
a'gSh / tapmhSpigwwJuSf / trGw H phJ igt.D wJik Sf / t&m.wJh pigt.D &if;/ t&m. acGoOG ;f [dKG efAm.zdk rdKG ;jzm; zmjzm;oD; a'gSh jcJKif;e,f ig0;f orJiSf
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t[m.&wJiaf wGmSh ynm.a&SwoD.tm.,dk wvGKd rf;vSw0f;'dKG ef; ytd0k .f ayg.xef . vG O f c sm,if ; 'sm. eD y td k 0 f . wm.wJ h - o/ [0f a wmif S c&m.
pdKG ;cdKG Stwm. acGoOG ;f rJO.f wJuSf wdKG ifSe,fEilJ ;f e0fS-o?” ig0;f orJiSf ,dk wiGg/ i0f;orJiSf ,dk twdKG iSf eDoOG ;f oD; t0f.vd.k xl.a&S avGSaz.
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9
(globalization) tuJi
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zH.k oGL? vdwv f ikJ Sf plScGKrfS,dk tm.udKG @Saz.uvSe0fS vdwv f ikJ Sf tqif;t&ef;/ [0fxGSvGOfSAm.pdk; tusKdufS vdwfapmif.tudkzJhS vdwfrJhigavmif;uD
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e0fS wJr;f vdwq f &m.oD; tGOv f SG 0ifS wJr;f axtmaoGmSh 0wWK/ &Grjf zJKifS/ az.ig.oGL?
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wGr.f ajzmif;om;wJh acGoOG ;f t0f.[dKG efAm./ a'gSh xef.w0f;wGr.f ajzmif;om;zH.k tcg0cf g0f rmSavGSwJyw f yJ f vGS0ifS-o?
wJh t0f.jyHK;t0f.jyifxmoGL? ref;ig0;f u&dSk 'g. “wpfcgvmvnf; rJjymykq;kd ” “epfcgvmvnf;
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tdKG ;aeif.aygiSf tqDqo D LG uk-d o? eDoGOf;oD; ytdk0f.vdwfvJkifS xdGK@Siif.tm. ,HwvmvGOfe0fS
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t0f.vd.k az.vdwf vJik Sf qkSoGL? uGypf OG ;f vdwv f ikJ Sf xdKG @SEGe;f tm. tusKSd w&mSawGmSh vdwaf [mfS
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wJr;f vdwo f m;oD; tH.tG wm. tcGiSf ta&SwJw h arG;w0f;/ wJr;f vdwo f m; wum.w0f; ytd0k ;f pdKG ;cdKG SoD;twm. eJi.f iH.a&SoS"mwf/ &ufcKGd Sxif.xdak &S/
tygSrJik Sf tjzmSrJik Sf e0fS wJr;f aEGmifSxGLvJO;f cdKG if;rJik yf 'k /f cdKG if;rJik Sf usrSf awGmSh bm.om.a&S/ om.oem.a&S/ ynm.a&S/ vdSk rkSa&S/ pDSyGgSa&S/ avGmif.Al.pk
a'gSh xef.Am. vdwv f ikJ qf Sk ig0;f e0fSpm;wJh warG;w0f;/ a&.&G,.f avGS'sm. jzGr;f a&S/ a,ef.iJ;xGKH .pH. xdeSf odrSf azg.xef.a&S/ qd@k S&Jik af &S/ jcdKG if.oefSa&S/
[dKG e[f 0fx.l *GK%.f 'if.aoSrwfwefS tae.wJah rG;arG; vdwv f ikJ Sf *GK%.f t*F g. urBm.vGKrf;pGKrf.iDrk tuJik zf ShJ wdKG ufqef w&efcsma&S ta&Sum;ut0f.
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PA-O MAGAZINE
10

ytd0
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Robbing the Future a'.o,dke0fS az.uoGKrfSuJkifxdkSrdGKef;wGrf.zl;a0;rdGK;zm vdkStjzmSaygifS
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pyohq@gmail.com atm0f.vd.k xD. atm0f.vd.k a[mfS atm0f.vd.k xGm;xdKG ufigS vdwaf pmif.,H
www.paoyouthorganazation.blogspot.com wzGLStausmifS wJr;f e,fAm.EJil ;f ,do k LG ?
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11

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books reviewed oGOx


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eD u rB m .tavmif ; ,d k ut0f . 'g. cH.xl.'sm. eDytd0k .f ay.zH.k urJOo f OG xf .l urJOf
vdSk rsKSd aygiSf pGKrf.zH.k e0fS xGmvdSk AdKG efu0D if&Skd vJh ADZ xGm;yqd.k 'g. xJik .f vdw/f xJik .f aig0;f / xJik .f xHSk pH.
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a'.otavGmuf/ vdSk rsKSd wrsKSd wGr.f wrsKSd u'g. oGSay.csif cGew f rG .f eifS rJOaf [mfSxGm;
vG0ifSig0;f utD.ajzGmif.Am.yDyw D hJ w,dSk w0f;/ Am. oGOfxl.c&m.xJkif.bm.om. vdwfapmif.
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zH;k = 087 314478 0ifSaz.uaoem./ tpktAl.wGrf. ,Hu'g.,dkStDtwGuf pGHK.pGHK.
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a0if.awmif.uDS ? avGSAm. wao.ao.oGL? ,H'g.vsi.f oGL?
PA-O MAGAZINE
12

avmufum. tcdef.rS csHSom.vS


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a[mifaumifcrf;e0fS oGS[0frOd .f rpPwm owpf cD;0JOf;wGr.f oGSytd0k .f wjzmS Zm.wdatm0f.
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rJih gwhJ wwa&Sw0f;/ [GwSf csm [GwSf ig'sm. tuwl./ xGme0f xGmxifS/ oSwJh wpGLw0f;oGL? FUND RAISING PROGRAM FOR
NARGIS AFFECTED
t0f.wqif. tGO.f uJik af AmhS&GOaf ':vm 500 xGLawGmSh xef.oJiSf xdSk pGO.f wvJi;f csiSf oGL? avmf.[JSh CHILDREN EDUCATION
vGO;f wJh wvGOcf smw0f;oGL? 7 June 2009 Bangkok, Thailand
(3)
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PA-O MAGAZINE
14

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Ven.Phramaha Surasak Ven.Phramaha Amphol
eDcKGd SEG,.f udk &ef;,Hxx kd if. Faculty Social Science & Faculty of Education &
rl.cdck eG ef ifS ytd0k .f csiSf zH.k Political Science Bachelor of Arts in Teaching English
oGO0f ifS'g.'g. ^m%f.ynm.rsKSd Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University

az.tm.0ifSrS Pa-O Education for Development -(PED-Project)


wodKG efxSG EJik ;f 0ifScrf;xD? Ven.Phramaha Surasak - Phone: 08 7542 9219
Wat Dusitaram, Pinklao Rd. Arun Amarin. Bangkoknoi. Bangkok. 10700 Thailand.
cGecf eG f / cGeo
f &l ed .f / cGet
f rfzOG Sf ? Khun Thomas - Pa-O Magazine Phone: 08 1087 1535
E-mail: paoyouth_pyo@hotmail.com

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15
Shwe Sayan Pagoda is Pa-O Nation’s Unforgettable memory history pagoda, Which

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and B.C (598), Which was after Siddhartha Gautama’s Visit of (8) Years after being Buddha, at
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PA-O MAGAZINE
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PA-O MAGAZINE
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ud, k yf ikd t
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wGif ausmif;oGm;wufjcif;/ ausmif;ydwf&uf rsm;udk um;eJ@ryifb h J a,mufsm;av; av;/ ig;/ &Gwyf ”JG tcrf;tem;udk woD;woef@usi;f y=u
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avhvmzwf&E_ idk yf gonf? OD;Zif;wd@k ToD[Vdk f tdrftxd yifhwwf=uygao;onf? qGrf;usKd; opf&Gufrsm;yef;rsm;jzifh vSvSyy/ aoao
Ekid if oH @kd vm&jcif;. txl;&nf&, G cf suo f nf w&m;udk eSpfcg em,l=up+rJyif? b,ftdrfu oyfoyf jyKvyk x f m;=uonf? xkyd &dwt f rd x f o J @dk
vnf; pmayA[kow k rsm;udk avhvm qnf;yl;zk@d jzpfjzpf/ b,fausmif;udjk zpfjzpf qGr;f pm;yifv h sS if tvSnu hf soC H mawmfrsm;u &Gwq f =kd uonf?
yifjzpfygonf? xked nf;twdik ;f yif yif=h uygonf? oHCmawmf y&dwf&Gwfumvonf ig;em&D/ ajcmufem&D
qG r f ; cH } uG j cif ; rsm; qGr;f rbkO;f cif “bk&m;yih*f gxmrsm;/ TqGr;f =umaomfvnf;=umwwfonf? nvkH;ayguf
TEkid if w H iG f oHCmawmfrsm;wk@d onf udk oHCmawmfwdk@tm;vSL'gef;yg.” ponfh vnf; =umwwfygonf?
jrefrmEkdifiH/ xdkif;EdkifiHrsm;uJhodk@ yd¾ygwfac: pmyd'k *f gxmrsm;udk vku d qf =dk u&+yD; oHCmawmf
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ausmif;rsm;teD;wpf0kdufwGif aexkdif=uonfh jzpfaom ouFe;f / oGm;wku d af q;/ oGm;wku d w f /H oD[kdVfAk'<bmomESifh jrefrmjynf
oufqikd &f m 'um 'umrrsm;u ae@pOftvdu k f oefbuf/ qyfjymponfh vSL'ge;f zG,&f mrsm;udk Ak'b< momwd@k t=um; uGjJ ym;aom t,ltq
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vmydk@=uygonf? qGrf;cH=uGonfhtvkyfudk usef&Sdaeaomvlrsm;udkvnf; rdrdwdk@vufjzifh wGif ae@pOfyrHk eS f bk&m;0wfwuf&m0,f ausmif;
ESppf Ofuqkev f jynfah usmf ok;H / av;/ ig;&ufrsS xdap+yD;onfh aemufq&mawmf/ oHCmawmf eD;em;&Sd tenf;i,faom 'um 'umrrsm;vnf;
twGi;f Yom yGaJ wmfwpfck tjzpfowfrw S uf m rsm;udk uyfvLS +y;D oufqidk &f mqGr;f tEkak rm'em toD;oD;aom rdrdwdk@tdrfrS bk&m;ylaZmf&ef
qGr;f cH}uG=uygonf? omrmefae@rsm;wGif qGr;f cH w&m;udk em,lum a&pufcs trSsa0+y;D &kyo f rd ;f yef;rsm;/“*dvmrfywfp”ac: azsmf&nfrsm;udk
}uo G wl pfyg;wpfav awG@aumif;awG@Eidk yf gonf? =uygonf? ,lvm =uonf? xl;jcm;onfw h pfcrk mS bk&m;&Sif
ytdk0f. rJuf*odOf.
23
ESi+hf yD;aom oHCmawmf&rdS &Sd a&S;OD;pGm=unf&h
onf? r&Sv d sS if ESpyf g;od@k o;Hk yg;t&ifwuf=uyg
onf? wpf+yKdif euf av;ig;yg; wufvu dk vf sS if
xkdifckHrS xay;=u&aom vlwdk@tm;tvGef
tm;emp&m aumif;aoma=umifh rwuf=ujcif;
jzpfygonf? Tvky&f yfonf qif[mvDvrl sK;d
(oD[Vdk &f dS Ak'b < mom) wd@k twGuf jrwfE;dk zG,f trl
t&m/ av;pm;zG,ftrlt&myif jzpfygawmh
onf?
ed*cHk sKyt
f aejzifah jym&vSsif vlw@kd onf
wpfOD;ESihfwpfOD; tajctaeay;onfh twkdif;
bkO;f ay;&ef uGr;f &Guu f rG ;f oD;rsm;u ygao;onf? oif;ydkifudk 'l;atmufvuf&Spfopf/ {uoDudk jzpfae=u&onhb f 0/ cHpm;ae=u&onfh okc/ 'kuQ
oD[Vdk Af 'k b
< momwd@k onf bk&m;&Sif uGr;f bkO;f 'l;atmuf vufav;opf 0wfqif&onf? rsm;ay:tajccHvsuf tawGt h =uKH rwlnED ikd =f u
ay;cJoh nf[k ,lq=u[efwyl gonf? od@k aomf odk@aomf oD&dvuFmEkdifiH&Sd &[ef; ygacs? xkdtawGht=uKHrsm;udk ta=umif;jyKI
aq;vdyaf omufru _ rkd u
l m; }u;D rm;aom tjypf oHCmawmf wd@k onf 0denf;usi0hf wf(&Siu f si0hf wf) wpfqifx h uf wpfqifh &ifo h xuf &ihaf tmif
[k oabmxm;/ rSwf,l=uonf? &[ef;/ r&Sad v ovm;rod? &Sv d suEf iS hf rvku d ef m=uonf jrif&h mod@k qefwufomG ;ol&o dS uJo h hkd edr&hf mod@k cek f
omra%rsm; aq;vdyaf omufvsS if &[ef;[k vm; rajymwwf?oif;ydik af &m {uoDygajcrsuf pD;qif;oGm;aomolrsm;vnf; renf;vSacs?
rowfrSwf=uawmh? &[ef;rsm; rqdkxm;bd/ pdxd 0wfou l 0wf/ ajcrsupf ad tmuf 0wfou l xdk@a=umifh wpfcsKdhwpfcsKdhaomtvkyfrsm;onf
vl0wfa=umifwdk@aomfrSvnf; aq;vdyfudk 0wf =uygonf? xkd@a=umifh OD;Zif;wkd@jrefrm vG,o f nf cufonf[q k ;Hk jzwfz@dk&ef “tawGŒ
vla&So h al &Sw
h iG f ay:ay:vGiv f iG /f xifxif &Sm;&Sm; ausmif;om; &[ef;awmfrsm;onfvnf; ukvm; t=uKEH iS fh pum;ajymaeonf/ tawGŒt=uKH u
raomufvkd=u? ckd;a=umifh ckd;0Suf oabm bke;f }uD;ausmif;Y aexdik v f sS iof w l @kd 0wfenf; qk;H jzwfay;ygvrd rhf nf” [k qkpd rSwjf yK=uygonf?
jzifo
h m aomufwwf=uonf? 0wf[ef twdik ;f 0wf=u&ygonf? jrefrmausmif; tawG h t =uKH o nf taumif ; qk H ; q&m[k
oGm;vSsiu f m; jrefrmhenf;[eftwkid ;f 0wfqifEidk f rqkEd idk yf g? owW0gwikd ;f . rdbwk@d onf olw@dk .
Oykofae@ odk@r[kwf yGJ,ae@ ygonf? vufO;D q&myifjzpfygonf? xk@d aemuf bk&m;/
oD[Vdk Ef idk if w
H iG f vjynfah e@/vuG,af e@ xk@d jyif ukvm;bke;f }u;D wd@k =unfnzdk , G f w&m;/ oHCm &wemok;H yg;onf rdrw d @kd q&myif
wd@k ywfouf+yD; odz@kd / rSwo f m;xm;zk@d aumif; *k%yf 'k af v;wpfcu k m; rnfonfu h pd rP qdk +rKw hd iG ;f r[kwfygavm? xdk@a=umifh tawGht=uKHudk
onfrmS TEkid if w H iG f vuG,af e@r&S/d (8)&uf &GmwGi;f od@k =uGvsS if vG,t f yd u f kd vG,v f suf xD; taumif;qk;H q&m[k rqkEd idk yf g? taumif;qH;k
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onf? xdv k jynhaf e@ukd “yG, J ” ae@[ak c:onf? xd@k a=umifh OD;Zif;wd@k jrefrmausmif; om;&[ef; rSw, f o l ifyh gonf? Taqmif;yg;udk zwf&r_ o d l
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tjzpf owfrSwfxm;ygonf? xkdyGJ,ae@wGif xD;ESiv hf , G tf yd f rygv#if t&kyq f ;dk aeouJo h @dk t&dyt f jrGuu f rkd l od&cdS iG /hf em;vnfciG hf &&Sad y
vl}uD;a&m vli,fyg reufapmapm(5)em&D cHpm;&onf? vdrrhf nf[k tcdik t f rm,k=H unfryd gonf?
avmuf tcsed w f iG f toD;oD;aom rdrw d @kd trd rf S
Oykof apmif&h ef Sunday School rSmuJo h @dk jzLazG; xkdifomxkdif&wm tm;emp&m owW 0 gcyif ; at;csrf ; jcif ;
oef@pifonfh ,leDazmif;0wfpkHudk 0wfqif=u oD[kdVf&Sdvkdif;um;wkdif;wGif oHCm tvif;edAŠmefo@kd a&mufEidk af p
vsuf bkef;}uD;ausmif;odk@ oGm;=uygonf? awmfrsm;twGufckHESihf ouf}uD;&G,ftdkrsm;/ wifjyol-t&Sief ENom& xDz;l §[kyd ;Hk
Oykoo f nfrsm;twGuf reufpm/ ae@vnfpmudk 'kuQdwrsm;/ udk,f0efaqmifrdcifrsm; twGuf
tvSL&Sif wpfOD;OD;u {nhfcHauGs;arG;ygonf? cku
H o
kd ;D oef@ xm;ay;xm;ygonf? oHCmawmf
naeydkif;(6)em&DavmuftcsdefwGif rdrdwdk@ rsm;twGuf ESpcf Hk om&Sad omfvnf; ESpyf g;ru
tdro f @kd jyefomG ;=uygonf? okH;av;yg;wufvmvSsifvnf; usefaomuckH Ven. Nandasara
rsm;rS z,fay; =uygonf? tjcm;aomrnfo h nfh
qif [ mvD b k e f ; }uD ; rsm; ouF e f ; bmom0ifrqdx k idk f aeaomfvnf; xay;=u& Makutarama Myanmar Temple,
0wfqif=uykH ygonf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmausmif;om;&[ef; Dematagoda Road, 284,
jrefrmEkid if &H dS &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm; awmf r sm;onf naeausmif ; qif ; csd e f w G i f Colombo 09, Sri Lanka
onf 0denf;usifh0wf(&Sifusifh0wf)ESifhtnD um;rSww f ikd Yf }uKHqaHk ewwfygonf? vkid ;f um; nandasara.ashin@gmail.com
r}unfnkdao; aomvlwdk@=unfndkatmif/ wpfp;D vmvSsif um;ay:wGif vku d yf gp;D eif;vm
=unfn+dk y;D om;vlw@kd vnf; yd+k y;D =unfnakd tmif

PA-O MAGAZINE
24
Pa-O Youth Organization http://www.aapress.com/print/AAP%203.3.09.pdf

The Pa-O Youth Organization (PYO)


was set up on 4th December, 1998 by
monks, women and youth who came
from various places in the Pa-O areas
in Burma. PYO is a member of the Members of the Pa-O community of Minnesota pose during their National Day
Students and Youth Congress of celebration, March 7, 2009, at Neighborhood House in St. Paul. (Contributed photo)
Burma (SYCB) and the Nationalities
Youth Forum (NYForum). It is a non- AAP staff report
violent independent youth organization ST. PAUL (March 7, 2009)
striving for peace, justice and The Pa-O ethnic community of Minnesota, was joined by 500 other
democracy in Burma. friends and fell ethnic groups from Burma, in its National Day celebration last
month in St. Paul. As a cultural day set on he full moon of Dann See Lar Bhaw,
The main aims of PYO are: it is celebrated simultaneously in Pa-O communities around the world. The event
1. To establish a new society based on was part historical, cultural and political, with leaders networking to make an
the principles of peace and justice. impact on democracy as the looming 2010 elections come to Myanmar with a
2. To empower Pa-O youth, build military regime still unwilling to allow fair elections or relinquish power. Some of
greater unity among the Pa-O people the guests were said to have lived in the jungle along the Thai border as refugees
and nurture younger generations to for as long as 15 years, according to Khun Aung Naing, member of the Pa-O
become future leaders. National Day Celebration Committee – U.S.A. According to the program, the
Pa-O have Mongoloid descendants and they spread throughout the region that is
The main objectives of PYO are: now Cambodia, Vietnam as early as 2500 B.C. The earliest settlers to the Thahton
1. To promote Pa-O literature and region of Burma arrived around 681 B.C., where they founded the Royal City of
culture. Suvannabhumi (El Dorado), which is now called Thahton. Around 158 dynasties
2. To promote quality critical thinking ensued up to the last king Manuhar, who took Mon queen. The presentation
of Pa-O youth. followed that the “awakening of the Pa-O national spirit” arose in the latter part
3. To educate the people in Pa-O areas of the colonial age, when Pa-Os in the hills launched a national movement against
regarding human rights and the imperialists after forming the “Five Precepts Association.” The peaceful effort
environment. began with boycotting gambling houses, opium dens, and liquor shops run by
4. To help build a federal union of Imperialists. By 1947, the Five Precepts Association had allied with other groups,
Burma with equality and self- including the Karen ethnic group, and demanded the country abolish land schemes,
determination. representation in the country and the army, and to grant them a national day.
After independence in Burma, and the coup that followed the first appearance
In order to implement and achieve the of a federal democratic union representing all ethnic groups, the Pa-O, Chin,
aims and objective of the activities, we Kachin and Karen ethnic leaders held a meeting in Rangoon and form an Ethnic
have broken down our activities into Nationals Committee to address oppression of religion, literature and culture
five categories. Those are: and struggle for democracy and self determination. The fight has continued ever
News and information, since.
Research and Documentation Greeting from Taunggyi Time!!
Pa-O literature and culture May all of you living in peace and be successful in your lives.
We, Taunggyi Time warmly announce to all of you for new template. The new template will help you
Human rights and Environment easily and conveniently find and read the news update. You all are welcome and highly appreciate for
Health visiting Taunggyi Time news blog. We will try our best to catch up all news and events regarding on
the Pa-O people and update you regularly. Thank you very much for visiting Taunggyi Time
www.paoyouthorganization.blogspot.com www.taunggyitime.blogspot.com Peace and Solidarity : : Taunggyi Time

ytdk0f. rJuf*odOf.
25

ytd0
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t&S i f y nmoD & d ( usKH a pmif h ) ytd k 0 f ; wd k i f ; &if ; om;rsm;. ,H k = unf u d k ; uG , f r _ ES i f h avh x H k ; pH r sm;?
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pum; ykcH ikd ;f ESKid ;f pum; jzpfonf? uke;f jrifv h #if a&rwif/ *k%jf rifv h #if vlrcif?
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tm;jzifh awmif,mvkyif ef;ESihf toufarG; olrsm;jzpf=u&m aexGurf S =uufOausmufw;kH ay: usrv d J =uufOuGw J myJ/
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pum;yHEk iS hf pum;xm;rsm;udk ajymonft h cgajymI rdom;pktcsi;f csi;f wHpOfuo hJ @kd aumufauGo h nf?
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wcsK@d aom ytd0k ;f pum;yHrk sm;onf &d;k &myHjk yifw@kd rv S nf;aumif;/ a[mpm vkyaf wmh 0g;wHwm;/ ul;awmh opfom;wHwm;?
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ajymif;oGm;onfvnf;&do S nf? vdck siw f mu u|/J &wmu EGm;?
wcsK@d aom pum;yHw k @kd onf tajymiftysuaf jym&mwGif toH;k iSuaf ysmoD; iSuaf ysmyifao/ 0g;oD; 0g;yifao?
wnfo h nf? wcsK@d aom pum;yHw k @kd onf apmif;ajrmif;ajymqd&k mwGif toH;k =umwmu urBm/ &Snw f mu oHo&m?
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pum;yHo k nf vlw@kd . oabmobm0ta=umif;w&m;wd@k ukd odem;vnf wDuajrudk rsKw d ,f/ ajru vlurkd sKo d nf?
apjy;D ynmA[kow k wd;k yGm;aponf[k qd&k rnf? r#px f u G w f m ajrxJjyefr0ifb;l ?

xGm;c&m./ aoc&m./ a[mfSc&m./ awmifSrwf


c&m.zH.k wGr.f vdwaf pmif./ vdwzf pd /f rJu*f odO.f trsKSd rsKSd ,dk
(ytdk0f.=ref;)wGrf. rJhig'dk@S yuD.'DZdkif; vdwf_zHK.trsKdSrsKdS
t,HoGwfS wa&SzJkifxGm; wJ;0g;odrfScgS pGKrf.jzmSwGuf
wm. “yDattd”k ytd0k .f uGeyf sLwm,dk t0f.usKSd aqmif.az.
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27
Pa-O National Day Photo Exhibition. 10 Mrach 2009
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United States of America - USA Malaysai.

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PA-O MAGAZINE
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28

Magazine Issue 14 August 2009

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