Thiet Ke Che Tao May Phay CNC

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD
TI: THIT K V CH TAO MAY PHAY CNC MINI

`
CAC
THNG S C BAN MAY PHAY CNC MINI

Tc quay ca trc chnh: Smax= 1500 (vg/ph)
Dng c ct: 2 6 (mm)
Kch thc bao: 600x400x600.
Hnh trnh:
Trc x: 240 (mm).
Trc y: 280 (mm).
Trc z: 200 (mm).
Vt liu ch to: Nhm hp kim, thp, ng, nha.
Vt liu gia cng: G, nha, mca, nhm
GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 1

chnh xc gia cng: .
in p s dng: 220 V.
Khi lng my: 60 kg.
Cng sut: 1kw.
ng c truyn ng: S dng ng c bc 24V - 3A
ng c trc chnh: S dng ng c Spindle 3 Kw.
Mch in: mch Driver, mch giao tip dng cng LPT
Phn mm iu khin: Mach3, Kcam
Trong ti ln nhom chung em chon lm ti: Nghin cu v thit k
mch truyn d liu cho my CNC iu khin 3 trc x, y, z ca my phay. Cng
vi vi c tm hiu nghin cu v thit k ch to chung em a lm 2 mch giao tip
dng cng LPT.
MC LC
LI NOI U..........................................................................................................5
LI CAM N...........................................................................................................6
NHN XET CUA GIANG VIN............................................................................7
KHAI QUAT V IU KHIN S V LCH S PHAT TRIN CUA MAY
CNC...........................................................................................................................8
CHNG I:TNG QUAN V MAY CNC...........................................................9
I.Tng quan v my CNC.......................................................................................9
1. Khi nim my CNC........................................................................................9
2.Cu to............................................................................................................12

3.Chc nng.......................................................................................................14
4.Nguyn l gia cng..........................................................................................14
II.Kt cu chung ca my CNC............................................................................15
1. Nguyn tc cu truc ca my CNC................................................................15
2 Kt cu c kh ca my phay CNC................................................................17
III.Mch giao tip trong my CNC.......................................................................25
1.Mch giao tip l g?.......................................................................................26
2.V tr ca mch giao tip trong kt cu ca my CNC...................................27
CHNG II: GIAO TIP MAY TNH...............................................................31
I.Tng quan...........................................................................................................31
II. Chun Giao Tip...............................................................................................32
1. Chun RS 232................................................................................................32
2.Chun RS 485.................................................................................................34
3.Chun USB.....................................................................................................35
III. Chun LPT......................................................................................................36
1. Gii thiu v cng LPT..................................................................................36
2. Cu truc cng LPT( cng song song)............................................................36
CHNG III: THIT K MCH GIAO TIP VI MAY TNH DNG
TRONG MAY CNC...............................................................................................41
I. Mch giao tip n gin..................................................................................41
II. Mch giao tip dng cch ly quang..................................................................43
1. Cch ly quang pc817......................................................................................43
2. Mch giao tip dng pc817...........................................................................44
3. Mch giao tip dng PC817, IC 7404 m....................................................52
KT LUN.............................................................................................................66
PH LC................................................................................................................67
TI LIU THAM KHAO.....................................................................................68
LI NOI U
Trong cng cu c xy dng v pht trin t nc ang bc thi ky cng
nghi p hoa hi n i hoa vi nhng c h i thu n li v nhng kho khn thch
thc ln. iu ny t ra cho th h tre, nhng ngi ch tng lai ca t nc
nhng nhi m v n ng n. t nc ang cn sc lc v tr tu cung nh long
nhi t huyt ca nhng tri thc tre, trong o co nhng ky s tng lai. Vi s pht
trin nhanh chong v mnh me ca khoa hoc ky thu t noi chung v trong cc lnh
vc i n- i n t t ng hoa tin hoc noi ring lm cho b m t ca xa h i
thay i tng ngy
Trong iu khin chuyn ng l mt trong nhng lnh vc a dng v pht
trin nhanh trong ngnh iu khin v t ng ho. Trong nhng h thng iu khin
v tr, tc v moment yu cu s chnh xc cao rt cn n mt thit b p
ng.y l thch thc v cc nh khoa hc, nh sn xut ch to ra mt loi ng
c th lm c nhim v ny l ng c servo. Ngy nay ng c bc c ng

dng rng ri trong cc h thng, cc my cng c, my iu khin s, robot,... yu
cu s chnh xc cao. Vi cc ngha trong mn hc n H thng c in t
vi s hng dn ca thy gio
Ths. Nguyn Hng Linh v ti Thit k mch giao tip .
Trong thi gian nghin cu v thc hin chc chn khng trnh c sai st. Rt
mong nhn c s ng gp kin t cc qu thy c v cc bn ti c
hon thin hn.
Chung em xin chn thnh cm n!

Nhom sinh vin thc hi n
Tn Vn Hiu
Nguyn Hu Li
LI CAM N
Chng em xin gi li cm n chn thnh su sc ti thy Nguyn Hng Linh
truyn t cho chng em nhng kin thc, kinh nghim qu bu trong sut thi gian
va qua,thy tn tnh gip , trc tip ch bo, hng dn chng em trong sut
qu trnh lm n mn hc ny.
Trong thi gian hc tp, chng em khng ngng tip thu thm nhiu kin thc b
ch m cn hc tp c tinh thn lm vic, thi nghin cu khoa hc nghim
tc, hiu qu ca thy, y l nhng iu rt cn thit cho chng em trong qu trnh
hc tp v cng tc sau ny.

NHN XET CUA GIANG VIN
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KHAI QUAT V IU KHIN S V LCH S PHAT TRIN CUA MAY
CNC
iu khin s (Numerical Control) ra i vi mc ch iu khin cc qu trnh

cng ngh gia cng ct got trn cc my cng c. V thc cht, y l mt qu
trnh t ng iu khin cc hot ng ca my (nh cc my ct kim loi, robot,
bng ti vn chuyn phi liu hoc chi tit gia cng, cc kho qun l phi v sn
phm) trn c s c d liu c cung cp l dng ma s nh nguyn bao gm
cc ch s, s thp phn, cc ch ci v mt s k t c bit to nn mt chng
trnh lm vic ca thit b hay h thng.
Trc y, cung a co cc qu trnh gia cng ct got c iu khin theo
chng trnh bng cc ky thut chp hnh theo mu, chp hnh bng h thng thy
lc, cam hoc iu khin bng mch logic Ngy nay, vi vic ng dng cc
thnh qu tin b ca Khoa hoc-Cng ngh, nht l trong lnh vc iu khin s v
tin hoc a cho php cc nh Ch to my nghin cu a vo my cng c cc h
thng iu khin cho php thc hin cc qu trnh gia cng mt cch linh hot hn,
thch ng vi nn sn xut hin i v mang li hiu qu kinh t cao hn.
V mt khoa hoc: Trong nhng iu kin hin nay, nh nhng tin b ky thut
a cho php chung ta gii quyt cc bi ton phc tp hn vi chnh xc cao hn
m trc y hoc cha iu kin hoc qu phc tp khin ta phi b qua mt
s yu t v dn n mt kt qu gn ung. Chnh v vy a cho php cc nh Ch
to my thit k v ch to cc my vi cc c cu co hiu sut cao, chnh xc
truyn ng cao cung nh nhng kh nng chuyn ng to hnh phc tp v chnh
xc hn.
Lch s pht trin ca NC bt ngun t cc mc ch v qun s v hng khng
vu tr khi m yu cu cc ch tiu v cht lng ca cc my bay, tn la l cao
nht. Ngy nay, lch s pht trin NC a tri qua cc qu trnh pht trin khng
ngng cng vi s pht trin trpng lnh vc vi x l th 4bit, 8bit cho n nay a
t n 32bit v cho php th h sau cao hn th h trc v mnh hn v kh nng
lu tr v x l.
CHNG I
TNG QUAN V MAY CNC
S xut hin ca cc my CNC nhanh chng thay i vic sn xut cng
nghip. Cc ng cong c thc hin d dng nh ng thng, cc cu trc
phc tp 3 chiu cng d dng thc hin v mt lng ln cc thao tc do con ngi
thc hin c gim thiu.
Vic gia tng t ng ha trong qu trnh sn xut vi my CNC to nn s pht
trin ng k v chnh xc v cht lng. K thut t ng ca CNC gim thiu cc
sai st v gip ngi thao tc c thi gian cho cc cng vic khc. Ngoi ra cn cho
php linh hot trong thao tc cc sn phm v thi gian cn thit cho thay i my
mc sn xut cc linh kin khc.
Trong mi trng sn xut, mt lot cc my CNC kt hp thnh mt t hp, gi
l cell, c th lm nhiu thao tc trn mt b phn. My CNC ngy nay c iu
khin trc tip t cc bn v do phn mm CAM, MACH3 v th mt b phn hay
lp rp c th trc tip t thit k sang sn xut m khng cn cc bn v in ca
tng chi tit. C th ni CNC l cc phn on ca cc h thng robot cng nghip,
tc l chng c thit k thc hin nhiu thao cc sn xut (trong tm gii hn).
I.Tng quan v my CNC
1. Khi nim my CNC
Mt nh ngha hn lm v cht ch v my CNC c trnh by trang
wikipedia.com:
CNC vit tt cho Computer(ized) Numerical(ly) Control(led) (iu khin bng
my tnh) cp n vic iu khin bng
my tnh cc
my mc khc vi mc
ch sn xut (c tnh lp li) cc b phn kim kh (hay cc vt liu khc) phc tp,
bng cch s dng cc chng trnh vit bng k hiu chuyn bit theo tiu chun
V th, b nao ca my CNC l my tnh. y

khng phi l my tnh bnh thng m l my tnh vi cng sut tnh ton cc
nhanh. H iu hnh m no s dng l Fanuc, Fargor hoc Mazak, ch khng phi
l Windows hay Mac nh cc my tnh (computer) m chung ta thng dng hng
ngy (H1.1).
EIA-274-D, thng gi l m G.
H1.1- My tnh c gn lin vi my CNC thnh mt khi
My tnh ny se iu khin cc b phn c kh ct got kim loi. Chng

trnh c vit sn v c t ng thi hnh khi bn nht nut Start. Chng trnh
ny c dch ra mt th ngn ng my tnh co th hiu c. Sau o, my tnh
chuyn lnh t cc chng trnh qua cc mch in t n iu khin cc b phn
c kh.
CNC c pht trin cui thp nin 1940 u thp nin 1950 phng th nghim
Servomechanism ca trng MIT.

H1.2-My tin CNC
H1.3My
phay
CNC
Tuy
nhin,
di gc
thc
hnh,
chng
ta thy
nh sau:
T CNC
l
vit
tt ca
cm t
ting Anh Computer Numerical Control, ngha l My tin kim loi c iu khin
bng my tnh. V th, b no ca my CNC l my tnh. y khng phi l my tnh
bnh thng m l my tnh vi cng sut tnh ton cc nhanh. H iu hnh m n
s dng l Fanuc, Fargor hoc Mazak, ch khng phi l Windows hay Mac nh cc
my tnh (computer) m chng ta thng dng hng ngy.
My tnh ny s iu khin cc b phn c kh ct gt kim loi. Chng trnh
c vit sn v c t ng thi hnh khi bn nht nt Start. Chng trnh ny
c dch ra mt th ngn ng my tnh c th hiu c. Sau , my tnh
chuyn lnh t cc chng trnh qua cc mch in t n iu khin cc b phn
c kh.
2.Cu to
Gm hai phn:
phn thn v
Auto
Bar
(H1.4)

H1.4-Cu to my CNC
Phn Autobar dng cha phi v y phi ln bng h thng kh. Khi ht phi,
hoc kt phi nu bn khng x l, n Autobar s bo hiu. Nu h thng kh khng
hot ng, Autobar lp tc ngng hot ng. Khi thao tc vi my, bn phi ht sc
ch n AutoBar, phi chc chn rng Autobar m trc khi cho my hot ng.
Chng ta s tp trung nhiu vo phn thn my (xem H1.3)
H1.5-Cu to phn thn my ca my CNC

c im v chc nng ca cc b phn: (t tri sang phi, t trn xung di
trong H1.3)
- Np y: Khi lm vic, du ct phun vo ni tip xc gia phi v cng c v
bay tung te khp bung lm vic. Nu bn khng y np ny li, du c th
dnh vo ngi bn. V l do an ton, phi m bo np y trc khi x du
ct.
- Bng cnh bo: Hnh nh trn bng cnh bo trong trng hp ny nhc bn
rng nu bn khng ng np y, c th c nhng vt bay t bung lm vic
ra v trng vo ngi bn.
- ng phun du: phun du ct gia ni tip xc gia phi v li dao qu
trnh gia cng c th din ra. Du ct c 2 tc dng: Gim mi mn ca
li dao, v lm mt.

-
Cc dao: cha cc holder.

ng phi: ngm phi thng qua bush.
Bn phm nhp d liu: Ni bn nhp cc cu lnh di dng m G v m M.
Bng iu khin: Gm cc nt bm iu khin my.
Bng truyn: khi bng truyn chy, n nht chip dng ri xung v vn
chuyn ra ngoi. Chip l nhng mnh dng ri ra khi dao gia cng trn thanh
phi.
3.Chc nng
Chc nng ca my CNC l ct gt kim loi, ngha l bn a thanh thp hnh tr
(phi) vo my CNC, my s gia cng to hnh sn phm.
My CNC ct phi bng cc li dao. Cc li dao ny phi c b phn gi n.
Nhng b phn ny gi l holder. Holder c gn trn cc dao.
H1.6-Dao phay
4.Nguyn l gia cng
Nhng my CNC m
chng ta s nghin cu s
c quy c h ta nh
sau:
H1.7-H
ta
gia cng
Thng
thng,
qu trnh
gia cng
c tin
hnh
bng mt
trong
2
cch sau:
Phi quay v tnh tin theo trc z, dao tnh tin theo trc z hoc trc x hoc
trc y.

-
Dao quay (thng l drill_khoan), phi tnh tin hoc ng yn.
II.Kt cu chung ca my CNC

1. Nguyn tc cu trc ca my CNC
Phn ln my CNC lm vic theo h thng kn bao gm 4 b phn sau:

* B phn chng trnh: B phn ny bao gm co bn chng trnh, c cu di
chuyn chng trnh, c cu oc chng trnh. Cc my CNC hin a c trang
b nhng thit b co tnh cng ngh cao phc v cho vic lp trnh v iu khin
my. Cc my tnh co tc x l cao dung lng b nh ln do o co th lu
trong b nh nhiu chng trnh gia cng ng thi. Cn c vo bn ve ch to ca
chi tit m ta lp c cc chng trnh gia cng cho my thng qua cc cu lnh.
T cc cu lnh a c lp b phn ni suy ca my se thit lp c ng dch
chuyn ca dng c ct. Co nhiu cch lp chng trnh cho my CNC:
Lp trnh bn ngoi my (offline): cc chng trnh c lp sn bn ngoi
sau o c lu tr vo cc vt mang tin nh a t, a compact ri a vo
trong b nh ca my CNC thng qua cc thit b oc hoc truyn trc tip t my
tnh (i vi nhng my CNC co kt ni vi my tnh). Cch lp trnh ny thng
c p dng cho nhng chi tit phc tp.
Lp trnh trc tip trn my tnh (online): cc chng trnh c lp trc tip
ti phn xng gia cng thng qua bn phm ca my. Thng p dng cho nhng
chi tit gia cng n gin.
H1.8-. Hp iu khin
* B phn iu khin: T chng trnh gia cng c a vo my b ni suy
ca my se tnh ton ra cc ng i ca dng c. B phn iu khin se pht ra
cc lnh iu khin cc thng s ca qu trnh gia cng cung nh cc qu trnh ph
tr ( iu khin tc quay ca tng ng c servo ng vi tng trc X,Y,Z, ong
hoc m dung dch trn lnh, thay i dng c ct). Trong my gia cng iu khin
theo chng trnh s, quang ng chy ca cc dng c hoc ca chi tit a c
cho trc mt cch chnh xc thng qua cc ch dn iu khin trong chng trnh
NC. Ty theo dng ca cc chuyn ng gia im u v im cui ca quang
ng chy ny m ngi ta chia thnh 3 dng iu khin:
- iu khin theo im
- iu khin theo ng
- iu khin theo ng vin (contour).
Trong cc dng iu khin trn th dng iu khin theo im l n gin nht
c ng dng khi gia cng theo cc toa xc nh n gin, qu trnh gia cng
ch c thc hin im ch. Dng iu khin theo ng phc tp hn dng

iu khin dng im cho php to ra cc ng chy song song vi cc trc toa
, trong khi chy dao ct got lin tc to nn b mt gia cng. Trong iu kin
iu khin m rng 2 trc ca my chuyn ng vi tc nh nhau ng thi ta
co th gia cng b mt cn 45.
* B phn lin h ngc ( b phn phn hi) v b phn o lng: chnh
xc cn co h thng o m bo chnh xc. bit c khong dch chuyn
ca bn trt my v goc quay ca bn quay, ngi ta s dng cm bin o gia s,
b ma goc v xenxin. V tr bn my thng khng o trc tip qua h thng o
trn cc sng trt ca thn my m o gin tip qua vic o goc ti cc c cu
chuyn ng. Cm bin o dch chuyn l thc o co khc vch, cc tm khc
vch khng tip xuc qua nh sng hoc t tnh. Khi o theo phng php nh sng
i qua ngi ta thng dng thc vch bng thy tinh co cc vch khng cho nh
sng i qua v cc khe h cho nh sng i qua. Thit b qut gm mt ngun sng
mnh, mt tm qut v mt h thng nh gi in t. Cc tm qut ging nh mt
ci thc co khc vch khng cho nh sng i qua v khe h cho nh sng i qua.
Khi cc khe h ca thc v ca cc tm qut ng i din mt cch chnh xc,
nh sng t ngun sng co th n c cc i-t quang in rt nhy cm vi nh
sng v c nh gi bng in t. Tn hiu sng, ti se c thit b m xung
ghi nhn v t o tnh c khong dch chuyn ca bn my. Ty theo bc chia
ca thc m ta se co c chnh xco tng ng v xc nh c chnh xc
v tr bn my.
2 Kt cu c kh ca my phay CNC
2.2.1. B phn thn my.

Thn my phi m bo c cng vng, kt cu gon nh. Thn my co nhim
v ton b cc b phn ca my co chuyn ng tng i vi nhau to ra
qu trnh ct got. V vy kt cu ca thn my phi m bo chng c rung ng
trong qu trnh gia cng. Thn my bao gm cc b phn sau:
H1.9 Thn my
1- Chn .
2- Bu lng iu chnh nn mng.
3- ng hng (Dn hng trc x ).
4- H thng lp trc vt me ai c bi.
2.2.2 B phn trc X.
Nhim v : Thc hin chuyn ng doc theo thn my. thc hin chuyn
ng ny nh trc vt me ai c bi dn ng bng ng c bc hoc ng c
servo. Kt cu ca trc X nh sau:
H 1.10 - Trc X.
1 - Khung ( Phi m bo cng vng).
2 - Cm ng hng.
3 - ng dn hng trc Y.
4 - Cng tc hnh trnh.
5 - C cu lp trc vt me ai c bi.

2.2.3. B phn trc Z
Nhim v : Co tc
dng ton b phn
cm trc chnh cm
trc chnh thc hin
chuyn ng ln xung
to ra chiu su ct.
Thc hin chuyn ng
ny nh trc vt me ai
c bi, dn ng nh
ng c bc hoc
ng c servo. Kt cu
trc Z nh sau:
H 1.11- Trc Z
1 - Khung.
2 - Gn tng cng.
3 - Cng tc hnh trn
h.
4 - Cm ng h
ng.
5 - H thng lp trc
vt me ai c bi.
2.2.4. B phn trc Y.

Nhim v: Thc hin chuyn ng vung goc vi trc X. Chuyn ng trn
ng dn hng ca trc X. Thc hin chuyn ng ny nh trc vt me ai c bi,
dn ng nh ng c bc hoc ng c servo. Kt cu trc Y nh sau:
H1.12- Trc Y.
1 - Mt bn ( B tr cc rnh ch T kp phi ).
2 - Cm ng hng.
3 - C cu lp trc vt me ai c bi.
4 - Cng tc hnh trnh.
5 - V bc che chn bi v phoi.
2.2.5. B phn u my

Nhim v: Mang cm trc chnh thc hin chuyn ng doc theo trc Z, thc
hin chuyn ng ny nh trc vt me ai c bi dn ng bng ng c bc hoc
ng c servo. Kt cu chnh ca u my nh sau:
H1.13-. u my
1 - Khung
2 - Xy lanh kh nn
3 Trc chnh
4 ng c in
5 Puly dn ng
6 - ai truyn.
2.2.6. B phn xylanh kh nn

Nhim v: Thc hin nhim v thay dao nhanh. Kt cu n gin ca no nh
sau:
H1.14- Xy lanh k
h nn.
1 - H thng
ng dn kh nn.
2 - Xy lanh tho
dng c.
3 - Bu lng ai
c.
4 - B phn c
nh xy lanh.
2.2.7. B phn
vt me ai c bi
Nhim v:
Dng dn
ng cc trc
chuyn ng theo
ng
dn
hng. Trc vt
me c dn
ng nh cc
ng c bc
hoc ng c
servo. Vt me ai c bi l mt loi vt me c bit co th kh khe h trit . V vy

khi i chiu chuyn ng khng tn ti khe h m bo c chnh xc gia
cng. Kt cu ca b phn vt me ai c bi nh sau:
H 1.15- Vt me ai c bi dn ng trc X v Y
1 - Vng bi
2 - Vng
3 - ai c bi
4 - Trc vt me
5 - Mt bch
6 - C cu gi bi
7- B phn khp ni
8 - ng c Servo
B phn trc vt me ai c bi dn ng trc Z co kt cu tng t nh trc
vt me ai c bi dung dn ng trc X v trc Y. Ch khc nhau b phn truyn
chuyn ng t ng c sang trc vt. Kt cu nh sau:
H1.16-Vt me ai c bi dn ng trc Z
7 - C cu ni trc
2.2.8.B phn lm sch phoi

Nhim v: B phn ny co tc dng lm sch phoi sau mi qu trnh gia cng.
Cng vic ny c thc hin nh hai trc vt co ng knh ln, c iu khin
bng ng c quay vi tc chm. Trong qu trnh y phoi co s tham gia ca
dung dch trn lnh. Kt cu nh sau:
H1.17- B phn lm sch phoi.

1 - Trc xon
2 - Trc truyn chuyn ng
3 - Then
4 - bi
5 - C cu lt
6 - B truyn xch.
7 - ng c.
2.2.9.B phn b cha dung dch trn lnh

Nhim v: B phn ny co tc dng cha dung dch trn ngui ti vo vng
ct. Kt cu ca b phn ny nh sau:
H1.18- B cha dung dch trn lnh

1-Van
2-Bm p sut
3-Gi bm
4-Li lc
5-B phn hng dung dch t my xung
6-B phn b cha
III.Mch giao tip trong my CNC
Nh chung ta a bit, trc th h my CNC a co hai th h my cng c vi

trnh thp hn : my cng c thng thng v my cng c NC.

Tuy nhin, khi thc hin gia cng chi tit trn cc my cng c thng thng
cng nhn thng phi dng tay iu khin my (ng nhin cc chuyn ng
ct v chy dao u do my thc hin). Cng nhn cn c vo phiu nguyn cng
ctgot chi tit nhm m bo cc yu cu ky thut t ra. Trong trng hp nh
vy nng sut v cht lng sn phm ph thuc rt nhiu vo tay ngh ca cng
nhn. Mc d con nhiu hn ch so vi my NC v CNC nhng cc my cng c
thng thng hin nay vn con c s dng rt rng rai vi l do l gi thnh thp
v thun tin cho cng vic sa cha v con ph hp vi nn sn xut vn con ang
giai on pht trin.
i vi cc my cng c NC th vic iu khin cc chc nng ca my c
quyt nh bng cc chng trnh a lp sn. Cc my cng c NC rt thch hp vi
dng sn xut hng lot nh v trung bnh.
H thng iu khin ca my NC l mch in t. Thng tin vo cha trn bng
t hoc bng c l, thc hin chc nng theo tng khi, khi khi trc kt thuc,
my oc tip cc khi lnh tip theo thc hin cc dch chuyn cn thit. Cc
my NC ch thc hin cc chc nng nh: ni suy ng thng, ni suy cung tron,
chc nng oc theo bng. Cc my NC khng co chc nng lu tr chng trnh.
My cng c CNC l bc pht trin cao t cc my NC. Cc my CNC co mt
my tnh thit lp phn mm dng iu khin cc chc nng dch chuyn ca
my. Cc chng trnh gia cng c oc cng mt luc v c lu tr vo b
nh. Khi gia cng, my tnh a ra cc lnh iu khin my. My cng c CNC co
kh nng thc hin cc chc nng nh : ni suy ng thng, ni suy cung tron,
mt xon, mt parabol v bt k mt bc ba no. My CNC cung co kh nng b
chiu di v ng knh dng c. Tt c cc chc nng trn u c thc hin nh
mt phn mm ca my tnh. V a cc lnh t my tnh n gia cng trn
my CNC, cn phi co mt b phn tng tc gia my tnh v my CNC, ta goi
o l Mch giao tip.
1.Mch giao tip l g?
Mch giao tip dung kt ni gia my tnh PC v mch iu khin ng c,

cc cng tc hnh trnh, nut dng khn cp

Phm vi ng dng: nn dng mch ny vi cc driver chnh hang, cc driver t
lm th nguy c gp s c vi my tnh l kh cao nn cn thn trc khi dng. Cc
driver t lm nn dng mch Giao tip co cch ly.
H1.19-Breakout Board (Mch giao tip)

H thng trong hnh H2.1 bao gm mt my tnh vi phn mm NC iu khin
v cc ng c a. Hp iu khin bao gm ngun in( khng hin th), mch
giao tip v trnh iu khin ng c.
Trn thc t th my tnh hon ton co kh nng kt ni trc tip n cc trnh
iu khin, nhng nu lm nh vy th nguy c ri ro, hng hoc l kh cao. Bi vy
chung ta nn s dng n mch giao tip co th m bo an ton cho my lm
vic.
2.V tr ca mch giao tip trong kt cu ca my CNC
H thng my CNC gm 6 phn chnh (H1.20 ):

-
Chng trnh gia cng (part program)

Thit b oc chng trnh (program input device)
B iu khin my (MCU)
H thng truyn ng (drive system)
My cng c (machine tool)

- H thng phn hi (feedback system)
H1.20-Cu trc ca my CNC

Lu : i vi my gia cng CNC, chng trnh gia cng, thit b oc chng
trnh v b x l d liu (DPU) u c thc hin bi my tnh.
H1.21S
khi h
thng
iu
khin
theo
chng
trnh s
*Nguy
n tc
iu
khin:
Chng trnh gia cng bao gm cc ch th c ma ho iu khin qu
trnh gia cng chi tit, h iu khin chuyn i cc ch th ny thnh tn hiu in
kch hot cc chc nng hot ng ca my.
H iu khin my thc hin chc nng oc v bin dch ma lnh v sau o
xut cc tn hiu in tng ng truyn ti b khuch i servo iu hnh co cu
servo (ng c in hoc ng c thu lc) ca h thng truyn ng. Thit b
phn hi nh cc cm bin v tr, chiu, tc dch chuyn v phn hi cc tn hiu
ny v h iu khin my. H iu khin my so snh cc tn hiu ny vi tn hiu
tham chiu cho trc bi cc ma lnh iu khin v xut cc tn hiu iu chnh
(sai lch) ti b khuch i servo cho ti khi t i lng yu cu.
H MCU gm hai phn: h x l d liu (Data Processing Unit - DPU) v
mch
iu khin (Control Loop Unit - CLU)
DPU thc hin cc chc nng:
- oc ma lnh t thit b nhp
- X l ma lnh hay gii ma.
- Truyn d liu v tr, tc v cc chc nng ph tr ti CLU.
CLU thc hin cc chc nng:
- Ni suy chuyn ng trn c s cc tn hiu nhn t DPU v xut cc tn hiu
iu khin.
- Truyn tn hiu iu khin ti mch khuch i ca h truyn ng.
- Nhn tn hiu phn hi v v tr v tc .

- iu khin cc thit b ph tr.
H thng truyn ng thng thng bao gm b khuch i servo, c cu servo,
b truyn ai rng, ai c-vt me bi v bn trt. H thng ny quyt nh chnh
xc, cng sut ca my.
*Nhp d liu vo b nh my:
- bn phm.
- cc phng tin oc khc nh a, bng
- trao i d liu vi cc thit b lu tru bn ngoi.
Mch giao tip dung kt ni gia my tnh PC v mch iu khin ng c,
cc cng tc hnh trnh, nut dng khn cp V vy t hnh (H1.20), ta co th xc
nh c vt tr ca mch giao tip se nm b phn oc chng trnh (program
input device). Ngoi mch giao tip, trong b phn oc chng trnh con co mch
drive iu khin ng c bc, iu khin ng c trc chnh.
H1.22-S
lc
h
thng iu
khin
CHNG II
GIAO TIP MAY TNH

I.Tng quan
My tnh cng vi s pht trin ca ky thut ghp ni vi my tnh a m

rng ng k cc lnh lc ng dng ca my tnh, c bit trong o lng v iu
khin. Chnh v vy, nhiu ngi s dng my tnh quan tm n ch ny.
Khi mt my tnh c xut xng hoc by bn ca hng th c nh sn
xut, ngibn cung nh ngi tiu dng u ngm hiu y cha phi l mt h
thng hon chnh,cng khng phi l mt h thng khp kn. Ty theo yu cu s
dng, ngi dng co th nng cp, m rng cu hnh bng cch ghp ni thm cc
Card m rng hoc cc thit b ngoi vi nh modem, my in Cc nh sn xut a
d tr sn cc ranh cm m rng trn bn mch chnh, cc cng ghp ni : song
song (LPT), ni tip (COM). y chnh l nhng v tr m ky thut ghp ni my
tnh co th tc ng vo.
ghp ni vi my tnh ta co hai phng php:
- Ghp ni qua cng song song
- Ghp ni qua cng ni tip
im khc bit duy nht gia giao tip ni tip vi giao tip song song l
chun ny ch truyn mt bit trong mt khong thi gian, trong khi giao tip song
song truyn nhiu bit trong mt khong thi gian. S khc bit ny khin cho giao
tip song song thng nhanh hn giao tip ni tip.
Tuy nhin, khng phi thc t trn u ung trong moi trng hp. Giao tip
ni tip cung co th nhanh hn giao tip song song nu cc bit c chuyn i vi
tc nhanh hn. Chng hn, cng SATA co th t tc truyn d liu ln ti
150Mbps, trong khi cng IDE truyn thng ch dng mc 133Mbps.
Mi kh nng u co nhng u nhc im ring cho nn cho n nay vn
cng tn ti, ty theo hon cnh c th m cn nhc nn s dng cng no cho
thch hp.
II. Chun Giao Tip
Cc chun s dng giao tip vi my tnh l: RS232, RS 485,USB,LPT.

1. Chun RS 232
cc thit b thu pht co th lm vic co hiu qu v khng gp rc ri khi lm

vic phi hp, t lu ngi ta a t ra cc tiu chun cho cc cng vo/ra tn hiu

tun t trong cc thit b s. o l tiu chun RS-232, vi cc gic cm ch D dao
ng t 4 n 37 chn (4, 9, 15, 37 chn).
RS-232 (tng ng vi chun chu u l CCITT V.24) c dng ch yu
trong vic
giao tip im - im gia hai thit b u cui (DTE), v d gia hai my tnh,
gia my tnh v my in, hoc gia DT v mt DCE- thit b giao tip d liu, v
d gia mt my tnh v mem.
Ngy nay, RS232 l chun giao din I/O c s dng rng rai. Tuy nhin, do
chun ny ra i a lu, trc khi co ho vi in t TTL, v vy cc mc in p
vo/ra ca no khng tng thch vi TTL. RS 232 s dng phng thc truyn
thng khng i xng, tc l s dng tn hiu in p chnh lch gia mt dy dn
v t.
RS232, mc logic 1 tng ng t -3V n -25V, con mc logic 0 tng ng
t +3V n +25V, khong t -3V n +3V khng xc nh.
Chnh v t - 3V ti 3V l phm vi khng c nh ngha, trong trng hp
thay i gi tr logic t 0 ln 1 hoc t 1 xung 0 mt tn hiu phi vt qua quang
qu trong mt th gian ngn hp l. iu ny dn n vic phi hn ch v in
dung ca cc thit b tham gia v ca c ng truyn. Tc truyn dn ti a
ph thuc vo chiu di ca dy dn. a s cc h thng hin nay ch h tr vi tc
19,2 kBd (chiu di cho php 30 50 m).
Ch lm vic ca h thng RS 232 l hai chiu ton phn (full-duplex), tc
l hai thit b tham gia co th thu v pht cng mt luc. Nh vy vic thc hin
truyn thong cn ti thiu 3 dy dn - tring o hai dy tn hiu ni cho vi cc u
thu pht ca hai trm v mt dy t. Vi cu hnh ti thiu ny, vic m bo
an ton truyn dn thuc v trch nhim ca phn mm. RS 232 co mt u im
l co th s dng cng sutpht tng i thp, nh tr khng u vo hn ch
trong phm vi t 3-7k.
Do o, ni RS232 vi my tnh u phi qua b bin i in p nh
MAX232 chuyn mc logic TTL sang mc in p ca RS232 v ngc li.
Nhn chung, cc chip IC MAX232 c dng iu khin ng truyn. Kt ni
RS232 vi MAX232.
Hnh
2.1 S
b
tr chn ca RS232 dng 25 chn
phn bit, ngi ta s dng k hiu DB 25P ch u c (Plug- cm vo)

v DB 25S ch u ci (Socket- cm).
Khng phi tt cc chn ca DB 25 u c s dng, do o IBM a ra phin
bn chun vo/ra ni tip ch s dng co 9 chn goi l DB 9.
S dng chun RS232 co tc dng l co th truyn d liu i c xa, phng
thc lp trnh truyn d liu qua chun ny cung n gin, khng phc tp, do o
no c s dng nhiu.
Nhng bn cnh no cung co nhng nhc im l : Tc truyn ca no so vi
cng song song l chm hn, d b nhiu v kt ni phn cng phc tp do phi
them MAX232.
Hnh 2.2 S b tr
chn ca RS232 9
chn
2.Chun RS 485
Hin nay, truyn tn hiu i xa hn v ni vi nhiu thit b u cui hn,

ngi ta dng chun RS-485 tng t RS232 nhng co mc in p tn hiu cao
hn. s dng chun ny, ngi ta co cc b chuyn i tn hiu chun t RS-232
thnh tn hiu chun RS-485.

Ngng gii hn in p qui nh cho RS 485 c ni rng ra khong 7V
n 12V, v tr khng u vo cung c tng ln. Ngoi kh nng ging nh RS
232, RS-485 con co kh nng ghp ni nhiu im , v th c dng ph bin
trong cc h thng bus. C th, 32 trm co th ghp ni, c nh a ch v giao
tip ng thi trong mt on RS-485 m khng cn b lp.
t c iu ny, trong mt thi im ch mt trm c php kim sot
ng dn v pht tn hiu, v th mt b kch thch u phi a v trangh thi tr
khng cao mi khi ri, to iu kin cho cc b kch thch cc trm khc tham
gia. Ch ny c goi l tri-state. mt s vi mch RS-485 t ng x l tnh
hung ny, trong nhiu trng hp kc vic o thuc v trch nhim ca phn mm
iu khin truyn.
Trong mch ca b kch thch RS-485 co mt tn hiu u vo Enable c
dng cho mc ch chuyn b kch thch v trng thi pht tn hiu hoc tri-state.
Mc d phm vi lm vic ti a t 6V n 6V trong trng hp h mch. RS-485
cho php ni 32 trm, ng vi 32 b thu pht hoc nhiu hn, tuy theo cch chon
ti cho tng thit b thnh vin. Gii hn ny xut pht t c tnh ky thut ca h
thng truyn ti nhiu im. Cc trm c mc song song v th vic tng s trm
se lm suy gim tn hiu vt qu mc cho php.
Tc truyn ti v chiu di dy dn:
RS-485 cho php khong cch ti a gi trm u v trm cui trong mt on
mng l 1200m, khng ph thuc vo s trm tham gia. Tc truyn dn c th
ln n 10 Mbit/s, mt s h thng gn y c th ln n tc 12 Mbit/s. Tuy
nhin c s trao i gia tc truyn dn ti a v di dy dn cho php, tc l
mt mng di 1200m khng th lm vic vi tc 10Mbd. Quan h gia chng ph
thuc rt nhiu vo vic nh gi cht lng tn hiu.
3.Chun USB
USB dng h tr trao i d liu gia mt my ch (host) vi cc thit b
ngoi vi c ni vi n. Bus USB cho php thit b ngoi vi c ghp ni vi my
tnh ch c cu hnh, c s dng mt cch c lp trong khi my tnh ch v
thit b ngoi vi khc ang hot ng ( chnh l c tnh Plug and play).
USB c s dng u tin vo nm 1996 vi vi nh sn xut thit k cng USB
vo my tnh ca mnh thng 10-1996 cc h iu hnh Windown cng c
cung cp cc driver iu khin cho USB, c th l trong Windown 98 v cc h iu
hnh sau ny(trn thc t cc phin bn Windown 95 bt u c tnh nng h
tr)

Nhng mi n nm 1998 USB mi c h tr y v th hin vai tr khi
chic my tnh IMAC h tr USB bn chy th chun ny mi tr ln ph bin.
Qua cm USB pha sau my tnh c th ly ra in p +5V vi dng tiu th
khong 100mA, trong mt s trng hp c th ly dng tiu th n 500mA.
Hai ng dn d liu D+ v D- l cc tn hiu vi sai vi mc in p bng 0/3,3V.
in p ngun nui ca USB c th ln n +5,25V.
V khi chu dng ti ln c th gim xung +4,2V, nu b sung mt vi mch n
p c th to ra mt in p n nh +3,3V.
Ton b h thng c thit k sao cho khi chu dng ti ln in p ngun khng
vt qu +4,2V. Khi thit b ghp ni cn dng ln hn 100mA cn xem xt k kh
nng cung cp v chu ti ca link kin trong my tnh.
Mt s u im ca USB
Ghp ni n gin do cm c chun ha

Link hot trong khi s dng
Trin khai n gin v r tin
Tc tng i cao so vi chun ra i trc v c th ghp ni nhiu
thit b ngoi vi cng mt lc.
III. Chun LPT

1. Gii thiu v cng LPT
Cng ty Centronics, tng ni ting th gii vi v tr hng u trong s nh sn

xut my in kiu ma trn, a thit k ra cng song song nhm mc ch ni my
tnh PC vi my in. V sau, cng song song a pht trin thnh mt tiu chun
khng chnh thc. Tn goi ca cng song song bt ngun t kiu d liu truyn qua
cng ny: cc bit d liu c truyn song song hay noi c th hn la byte ni tip
con bit song song.
Cho n nay cng song song co mt hu ht cc my tnh PC c sn xut
trong nhng nm gn y. Cng song song con c goi l cng my in hay cng
Centronics. Cu truc ca cng song song rt n gin vi tm ng d liu, mt
ng dn mass chung, bn ng dn iu khin chuyn cc d liu iu khin
ti my in v nm ng dn trng thi ca my in ngc tr li my tnh. Giao
din song song s dng cc mc logic TTL, v vy vic s dng trong mc ch o
lng v iu khin co phn n gin.

Khong cch cc i gia cng song song my tnh PC v thit b ngoai vi b
hn ch v in dung k sinh v hin tng cm ng gia cc ng dn co th lm
bin dn tn hiu. Khong cch gii hn l 8m, thng thng ch c 1,5 2 m. Khi
khong cch ghp ni trn 3m nn xon cc ng dy tn hiu vi ng ni t
theo kiu cp dy xon hoc dng loi cp dt nhiu si trong o mi ng dn
d liu iu nm gia hai ng ni mass. Tc truyn d liu qua cng song
song ph thuc vo linh kin phn cng c s dng. Trn l thuyt tc o truyn
y gi tr 1 Mbit/s, nhng vi khong cch truyn b hn ch trong phm vi 1m.
Vi nhiu mc ch s dng th khong cch ny a hon ton tha ng. Nu cn
truyn trn khong cch xa hn, ta nn ngh n kh nng truyn qua cng ni tip
hoc USB. Mt im cn lu l: vic tng khong cch truyn d liu qua cng
song song khng ch lm tng kh nng gy li i vi ng d liu c truyn
m con lm tng chi ph ca ng dn.
2. Cu trc cng LPT( cng song song)
Cng LPT co 2 loi:

- cm 36 chn
- cm 25 chn
Ngy nay, loi cm 36 chn khng con c s dng, hu ht cc my tnh PC
u trang b cng song song(LPT) 25 chn nn ta ch quan tm n loi 25 chn.
Cng LPT gm co 4 ng iu khin, 5 ng trng thi v 8 ng d liu
bao gm 5 ch hot ng:
-
Ch tng thch (compatibility).

Ch nibble.
Ch byte.
Ch EPP ( Enhanced Parallel Port)
Ch ECP (Extended Capabilities Port)
3 ch u tin s dng port song song chun (SPP- Standard Parallel Port)
trong khi o ch 4, 5 cn them phn cng cho php hot ng tc cao
hn.
Nh chung ta a bit cng LPT l thit b giao tip chuyn dng gia my tnh
vi my in, nn bi di y chung em xin noi v chc nng ca cc ng dn tn

hiu giao tip gia my in vi my tnh. Con vic giao tip gia cc mch iu
khin hay cc thit b khc vi my tnh ta ch vic t li tn chn, con ngha ,
chc nng tng chn tn hiu ca LPT khng i.
H2.3- Cch b tr
chn ca LPT DB
25
Chn
Tn tn hiu
Strobe(Out)
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
10
Acknowledge(In)
11
Busy(In)
12
Paper Empty(In)
13
Select(In)
14
Auto Linefeed(Out)
15
Error(In)

16
Reset(In)
17
Select Input(Out)
18-25
GND
Bng2.1- S cch b tr chn ca LPT DB 25

Strobe (1): Vi mt mc logic thp chn ny, my tnh thng bo cho my in
bit co mt byte ang sn sng trn cc ng dn tn hiu c truyn.
D0 n D7: Cc ng dn d liu
Acknowledge: vi mt mc logic thp chn ny, my in thng bo cho my
tnh bit l a nhn c k t va gi v co th tip tc nhn.
Busy (bn 11): my in gi n chn ny mc logic cao trong khi ang on
nhn hoc in ra d liu thng bo cho my tnh bit l cc b m trong my
tnh bit l cc b m trong my tnh a b y hoc my in trong trn thi Offline.
Paper empty (ht giy 12): Mc cao chn ny co ngha l giy a dng ht.
Select (13): Mt mc cao chn ny, co ngha l my in ang trong trng thi
kch hot (On-line) Auto Linefeed (t np dong): Co khi con goi l Auto Feed.
Bng mt mc thp chn ny my tnh PC nhc my in t ng np mt dong
mi mi khi kt thuc mt dong. Error (co li): Bng mt mc thp chn ny, my
in thng bo cho my tnh l a xut hin mt li, chng hn kt giy hoc my in
ang trong trng thi Off-Line.
Select Input: bn mt mc thp chn ny, my in c la chon bi my tnh.
Qua cch m t chc nng ca tng tn hiu ring le ta co th nhn thy cc
ng dn d liu co th chia thnh 3 nhom:
- Cc ng dn tn hiu, xut ra t my tnh PC v iu khin my tnh,
c goi l cc ng dn iu khin.Cc ng dn tn hiu, a cc thng tin
thng bo ngc li t my in v my tnh, c goi l cc ng dn trng thi.

- ng dn d liu, truyn cc bit rieng le ca cc k t cn in.
T cch m t cc tn hiu v mc tn hiu ta co th nhn thy l: cc tn hiu
Acknowledge, Auto Linefeed, Error, Reset v Select Input kch hot mc thp.
Thng qua chc nng ca cc chn ny ta cung hnh dung c iu khin cng
my in.
ng chu l 8 ng dn song song u c dng chuyn d liu t my
tnh sang my in. Trong nhng trng hp ny, khi chuyn sang cc ng dng
thc hin nhim v o lng ta phi chuyn d liu t mch ngoa vi vo my tnh
thu thp v x l.
V vy ta phi tn dng mt trong nm ng dn theo hng ngc li, ngha
l t bn ngoi v my tnh truyn s liu o lng. Di y cp chi tit hn
n cc c tnh mt hng v hai hng ca cc ng dn ny. coa th ghp
nic cc thit b ngoi vi, cc mch in ng dng trong o lng v iu khin vi
cng song song ta phi tm hiu cch trao i vi cc thanh ghi thng qua cch sp
xp v a ch cc thanh ghi cung nh phn mm.
Cc ng dn ca cng song song c ni vi ba thanh ghi 8bit khc nhau:
- Thanh ghi d liu
- Thanh ghi trng thi
- Thanh ghi iu khin
Tm ng dn d liu dn ti 8 nh trn thanh ghi d liu con bn ng
dn iu khin Strobe, Auto Linefeed, Reset, Select Input dn ti bn nh trn
thanh ghi iu khin, cui cng l nm ng dn trng thi Acknowledge, Busy,
Paper empty, Select, Error ni ti nm trn thanh ghi trng thi. Ring thanh
ghi iu khin con phi chu ti mt bit na c s dng cho mc ch ghp ni
nhng khng c ni vi cm 25 chn. Bit ny co th c s dng xoa mt
bit ngt lin quan vi ng dn Acknowledge, v vy cha cp n y.
Thanh ghi iu khin cung l hai hng, thanh ghi trng thi ch co th c
oc v v vy goi l mt hng. Ta co th trao i vi 3 thanh ghi ny nh th no?
H iu hnh DOS d tnh n bn cng song song v t tn l: LPT1, LPT2,
LPT3 v LPT4.

Tuy vy, hu ht cc my tnh PC u ch co nhiu nht hai cng song song , v
cho n nay vi l do gim gi thnh, cng song song ch con li mt. V mt phn
cng, cc nh sn xut a d tnh bn nhom, mi nhom 3 a ch, trao i vi
tng nh trn thanh ghi ca mi giao din. Ta co th nhn thy cc a ch thanh
ghi nm k tip nhau.
CHNG III
THIT K MCH GIAO TIP VI MAY TNH DNG TRONG MAY CNC
Co rt nhiu loi mch giao tip, ty thuc vo yu cu ch to, ch lm

vic ca my CNC v iu kin kinh t m thit k mch giao tip cho ph hp.
I. Mch giao tip n gin
Mch giao tip ny n gin ch l mt cng m qua o cho php my tnh

gi v nhn tn hiu ca driver v cng tc hnh trnh. Khng co khc bit nhiu
gia mch giao tip n gin vi cp ni trc tip ca cng song song. Cc chn tn
hiu u ra c ni vi mch driver v cc cng tc hnh trnh. Di y l s
nguyn l mch giao tip n gin:
H 3.1- S mch giao tip n gin

Mch s dng 17 con in tr 4.7k gii hn dong bo v mch v cng
song song.
Chn tn hiu u ra ca cng giao tip trn mch rt n gin. Chn 1-17
ca cng JP1ni vi chn 1-17 ca cng song song (LPT). Chn 1 ca JP2 ni ti
chn 10 ca JP1 v chn 2 ca no c ni t.Chn 1 ca JP3 ni ti chn 11 ca

JP1 v chn 2 ca no c ni vi t. Tng t nh vy chn 1 ca JP4 v JP5 ln
lt ni vi chn 12, 13 ca JP1 v chn 2 ca JP4, JP5 c ni vi t.
Cc chn 10, 11, 12 v 13 ca JP1 se c ni ngoi vi cc cng tc gii hn
hnh trnh. Ngun cp cho mch giao tip l 1 ngun 5V thng qua cng JP6 vi
chn 1 ca JP6 ni vi +5V v chn 2 ca no ni t trn b ngun.
u im ca mch:
- Gi thnh mua link kin cung nh lm mch re.
- Kt cu n gin, d dng kim tra c li(nu co).
Chnh v kt cu n gin nn khi xy s c nh chy, chp mch iu
khin th se nh hng ti my tnh, co th se hng, phi thay mi my tnh. Nn
phng php tt nht bo v cng song song l s dng mch co cch ly
quang (opto) hoc lp mt ci card cng song song giao tip.
II. Mch giao tip dng cch ly quang
1. Cch ly quang pc817
cu to gm 2 phn,
mt l diode pht quang hai l phn thu quang khi co dong in qua diode pht
quang th "nh sng" no pht ra c thu bi phn thu quang qua o tn hiu c
gi v mch iu khin co nhng thay i trong lnh iu khin khin cho u
ra t yu cu.
Opto hay cn gi l cch ly quang l linh kin tch hp c
H3.2-Cch ly quang
817
Tc dng:
Cch c s dng
cch ly gia cc khi
chnh lch nhau v in
hay cng sut nhu khi c
cng sut nh vi khi in p ln. Hoc c th dng chng nhiu cho cc mch
cu H,ng ra PLC,chng nhiu cho cc thit b o lng .
Khi cp ngun va
vo chn s 1, LED pha trong opto ni gia chn s 1 v 2 sng, xy ra hiu ng

quang in dn n chn 3 v 4 thng, mc logic se b chuyn t 1 sang 0 m
khng cn tc ng trc tip t IC.
Mc ch: Nu co s c t tng ng dng nh chy, chp, tng p th cung
khng nh hng n tng iu khin.
2. Mch giao tip dng pc817
2.1 S nguyn l
H3.3-S nguyn l mch giao tip dng pc817
2.2 S b tr link kin

H3.4-S b tr linh kin

2.3 S i dy
H3.5-S i dy
2.4 Thuyt minh cc thnh phn ca mch
Khi ngun: Mch trn dng cch ly quang PC817(Opto) nn phi c 2
ngun nui cho 2 pha ca cch ly. Mt l PC5+ v GNDF tng ng vi ngun 5V v
0v ly t my tnh thng qua cng USB. Cc linh kin giao tip trc tip vi cng LPT
DB25 phi dng ngun ny (v tn hiu t cng LPT dng ngun ny). Sau khi qua
cch ly quang(opto) ta dng mt ngun ngoi 5V v GND khc tng ng nui
cc linh kin cn li.
S d chng ta phi dng 2 ngun v nu dng chung mt ngun th c tnh bo v
ca opto tr thnh v tc dng.
H3.6-Khi ngun
Khi LPT:
Chn s
Tn ca tn hiu
PWM
STEPX
DIRX
STEPY
DIRY
STEPZ
DIRZ
STEPW
DIRW
10
ESTOP
11
LIMIT +
12
LIMIT -
13
HOME
14
CLOCKWISE
15
Khng s dng
16
CCW
17
Khng s dng
18 - 25
GND

H3.7-Khi LPT
Khi To Step Driver:
Step c iu khin bi my vi tnh qua cng LPT

DB25.Vi 3 chn u vo c ni vo 5V th mi ng c ta phi iu khin 2
chn Step v Dir. Bi vy, ta phi dng 6 chn trong 8 chn d liu ca cng LPT
DB25 iu khin 3 ng c bc
Cc chn t 18 n 25 c ni xung t,cc chn 2 n 9 l 8 chn d liu
c a ln ngun 5V thng qua tr treo 1k (nhng thc cht ch dng 6 chn).
Bn cnh cc chn cn li cng c ni vi ngun 5V thng qua tr treo 0.47k .
Ngun 5V c ly t b ngun sang.
H3.8- Khi To Step Driver

Khi To Spindle:Cng X5 c ni vi b iu khin Spindle: PWM l chn
sung dng iu khin tc ca ng c, 2 chn con li iu khin chiu
quay.
H3.9- Khi Spindle

Khi Estop, Limit+, Limit-, Home: Cc cng tc gii hn hnh trnh c ni
vo cng X1 ca mch giao tip. Cc chn 10, 11, 12, 13 ca LPT c a ln
ngun 5v ca my tnh thng qua cc tr treo 0.47k c cch l bo v mch iu
khin v cng LPT. Pha bn kia ca cch ly c ni vi ngun ngoi 5V thng
qua cc tr treo 1k
H3.10-Khi Estop,Home
2.5 Hnh nh mch trong thc t
H3.11-Mch cch ly quang pc817 thc t
3. Mch giao tip dng PC817, IC 7404 m
3.1 IC 7404 m
7404 l mt NOT cng IC . N bao gm su bin tn m thc hin logic
nghch hnh ng. u ra ca mt bin tn l s b sung ca trng thi logic u
vo ca n, ngha l , khi u vo l cao sn lng ca n l thp v ngc li.
H3.12- S chn ca IC 7404

Bng m t chn:
Pin
Biu tng
M t
1A
Cng u vo 1
1Y
Y ra cng 1
2A
Cng u vo 2
2Y
Y ra cng 2
3A
Cng u vo 3
3Y
Y ra cng 3
GND
Ni t
4A
Y ra cng 4
4Y
Cng u vo 4
10
5A
Y ra cng 4
11
5Y
Cng u vo 4
12
6A
Y ra cng 4
13
6Y
Cng u vo 4
14
VCC
Cung cp in p, 5V(4,75-

5.25V)
3.2 Mch giao tip dng IC 7404 m

Mc ch s dng IC 7404 m nh tn goi ca no l m dong cho tn hiu
u ra ca mch giao tip t yu cu.
c im:
6 cch ly quang tc cao dng iu khin 3 trc (X,Y,Z)

2 u ra cch ly quang on/off spindle
4 u vo (Input) cch ly quang thng qua IC 7404
Output c m nn c th hot ng c vi nhng my tnh c cng LPT
3,3V
Ngun trong dng USB
Ngun ngoi dng 5V
Dng cng giao tip LPT DB 25
3.2.1 S nguyn l
H3.13-S nguyn l mch giao tip dng IC 7404 m
3.2.2 S b tr linh kin
H3.14-S b tr linh kin
3.2.3 S i dy
H3.15-S i dy
3.2.4 Thuyt minh nguyn l
Khi ngun: Tng t nh mch giao tip trn, mch dng cch ly quang
PC817(Opto) nn phi c 2 ngun nui cho 2 pha ca cch ly. Mt l PC5+ v GNDA
tng ng vi ngun 5V v 0v ly t my tnh thng qua cng USB. Cc linh kin
giao tip trc tip vi cng LPT DB25 dng ngun ny. Sau khi qua cch ly quang
(opto) ta dng mt ngun ngoi 5V v GND khc tng ng nui cc linh kin
cn li. Mch c s dng thm 2 led bo thng mch, d kim tra hn mch trn

H3.16-Khi ngun
Khi LPT: c t chn khc mt chut so vi mch trn
Bng phn cng chn vo ra:
Chn s
Tn ca tn hiu
ENABLE
STEPX
DIRX
STEPY
DIRY
STEPZ
DIRZ
Ni tr RN2
Ni tr RN2
10
ESTOP
11
LIMIT X
12
LIMIT Y
13
LIMIT Z
14
SPINDLE CW
15
Khng s dng
16
SPINDLE PWM
17
AUX1
18 - 25
GND
H3.17-Khi LPT

Khi To Step Driver: Step c iu khin thng qua cng LPT DB 25.
Vi 3 chn u vo c ni vo ngun 5 V , mi ng c iu khin 2 chn step
v dir. V vy ta dng t chn 2-6 ca cng LPT iu khin 3 ng c. Cc chn
t 2 n 9 c a ln ngun 5V thng qua tr treo 0,33k c cch ly, tn hiu
u ra cch ly mc thp se qua IC 7404 c m dong ln mc cao , tn hiu ra
cc cng jumper sv2, sv3, sv4 t yu cu. Bn cnh cc chn cn li cng c
ni vi ngun 5V thng qua tr treo 4.7k .Ngun 5V c ly t b ngun sang.

H3.18- Khi To Step Driver
Khi To Spindle: B spindle c iu khin bi my tnh qua cc chn 14.
16. 17 ca cng LPT, c ni thng qua cng SV1: PWM l chn sung dng
iu khin tc ca ng c, 2 chn CW v AUX1 iu khin chiu quay.
H3.19- Khi To Spindle

Khi Estop, Limit X, Limit Y, Limit Z: Cc cng tc gii hn hnh trnh v
dng cc trc X, Y, Z c ni ln thng qua cc cng iumper JP2, JP3, JP4, JP5.
c iu khin bi my tnh thng qua cc chn 10- 13 cng LPT qua IC m
7404, a ln ngun 5v qua tr treo 4.7k.
H3.20- Khi Estop, Limit X, Limit Y, Limit Z

3.2.5 Mt vi hnh nh mch thc t
KT LUN
n hon thnh ng tin v c bn t c nhng yu cu sau:
Hiu c nguyn l mch giao tip

S dng c phn mm v mch in Eagle
Test tn hiu mch bng led thnh cng
Tuy nhin vn cn mt s hn ch:
Mch b tr linh kin cn cha khoa hc,cc layer i dy cn xu.

Cha kt ni c mch giao tip vi mch Driver v phn mm MACH3
kim tra tnh tng thch ca mch giao tip.

Mch th nghim cha hot ng n nh. .
Cng vi vic kt hp hoc tp nghin cu v l thuyt gn lin vi thc t ch

to a giup chung em hiu su hn l thuyt ng thi bc u lm quen vi cng
vic thit k v ch to mch.
Mt ln na xin chn thnh cm n thy Nguyn Hng Lnh v cc bn trong
nhom n a tn tnh giup chung em hon thnh tt n ny.

PH LC
BNG1: LINH KIN S DNG TRONG MCH GIAO TIP DNG
PC817
ST
T
1
2
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Tn linh kin
B 25
PN87520-S
X1, X2
X3, X4
X5
PC817
C1- C4
C5
JP1
R1- R8, R17- R19, R23R26
R9- R16, R20- R22, R27R30
Ghi ch
S lng
Cng LPT 25 chn

Cng USB
Cng jump 8 chn
Cng jump 2 chn
Cng jump 3 chn
Cch ly quang
T hoa 0,1uF
T hoa 1uF
Cng jump 3 chn
in tr thng 470
1
1
2
2
1
16
4
1
1
15
in tr thng 1k
15
BNG2: LINH KIN S DNG TRONG MCH GIAO TIP DNG PC817, IC
7404
ST
T
1
2
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Tn linh kin
Ghi ch
S lng
X1
X2
X8
RN1, RN2, RN4
C1
C2
R1-R13
R14-R21
IC1, IC2,IC3
JP1,JP2,JP3,JP4
SV1
SV2,SV3,SV4
Cng LPT 25 chn

Cng jump 2 chn
Cng USB
in tr bng 4K7
T 330uF
T loc nhiu
in tr thng 330
in tr thng 4k7
IC m 7404
Cng jump 3 chn
Cng jump 6 chn
Cng jump 4 chn
1
1
1
3
1
1
13
7
3
4
1
3

16
Led1, Led2
n led bo
TI LIU THAM KHAO

Tai liu tham khao
1. CNC Robotic Geoff Williams

2. Cng ngh CNC Trn Vn Dch
Cac trang web tham khao
1. Din n in t Vit Nam : http://dientuvietnam.net
2. Din n Th gii cnc: http://thegioicnc.com
3. http://google.com.vn

Thiet Ke Che Tao May Phay CNC

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MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

TI: THIT K V CH TAO MAY PHAY CNC MINI

THNG S C BAN MAY PHAY CNC MINI

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 4

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

Chung em xin chn thnh cm n!

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 5

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 6

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

iu khin s (Numerical Control) ra i vi mc ch iu khin cc qu trnh

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 8

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

V th, b nao ca my CNC l my tnh. y

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 9

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

H1.1- My tnh c gn lin vi my CNC thnh mt khi

My tnh ny se iu khin cc b phn c kh ct got kim loi. Chng

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 10

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 11

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

H1.5-Cu to phn thn my ca my CNC

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 12

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

Cc dao: cha cc holder.

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 13

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

Dao quay (thng l drill_khoan), phi tnh tin hoc ng yn.

II.Kt cu chung ca my CNC

Phn ln my CNC lm vic theo h thng kn bao gm 4 b phn sau:

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 14

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

2.2.1. B phn thn my.

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 16

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 18

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

2.2.4. B phn trc Y.

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 19

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

2.2.6. B phn xylanh kh nn

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 20

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

servo. Vt me ai c bi l mt loi vt me c bit co th kh khe h trit . V vy

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 22

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

2.2.8.B phn lm sch phoi

H1.17- B phn lm sch phoi.

GVHD: Ths Nguyn Hng Lnh 23

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD

2.2.9.B phn b cha dung dch trn lnh

H1.18- B cha dung dch trn lnh

III.Mch giao tip trong my CNC

Nh chung ta a bit, trc th h my CNC a co hai th h my cng c vi

MCH GIAO TIP BREAKOUT BOARD