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K.L.E. Institute of Technology

Opposite Airport, Gokul, Hubli - 580030.

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

SEMINAR SYNOPSIS ON
Topic 1: Clock less Chip
Topic 2: Project Oxygen
Presented By
Name: AKHILESH BHUSHAN USN: 2KE09CS007
Semester: 8
Subject Code: 06CS86
For the academic year 2012-2013
Under the Guidance of
Prof. BALACHANDRA G.C.
Department Computer Science & Engineering
K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Opposite Airport, Gokul, Hubli - 580030.

CSE

K.L.E.I.T

HUBLI-30

Clock less Chip:

ABSTRACT
Clock less chips are electronic chips that are not using clock for timing signal.They
are implemented in asynchronous circuits. An asynchronous circuit is a circuit in which the
parts are largely autonomous. They are not governed by a clock circuit or global clock signal,
but instead need only wait for the signals that indicate completion of instructions and
operations. These signals are specified by simple data transfer protocols. This digital logic
design is contrasted with a synchronous circuit which operates according to clock timing
signals.
The term asynchronous logic is used to describe a variety of design styles, which use
different assumptions about circuit properties. These vary from the bundled delay model which uses 'conventional' data processing elements with completion indicated by a locally
generated delay model - to delay-insensitive design - where arbitrary delays through circuit
elements can be accommodated. The latter style tends to yield circuits which are larger and
slower than synchronous (or bundled data) implementations, but which are insensitive to
layout and parametric variations and are thus "correct by design."

REFERENCES
[1] C.H.Van Berkel, Mark B. Josephs, and Steven M. Nowick, Scanning the
Technology: Applications of Asynchronous Circuits, proceedings of IEEE,
December 1998.
[2] Ivan E Sutherland and Jo Ebergen Scientific American , Computers without clocks,
August 2002.
[3] David Geer published by IEEE Computer Society , Is it time for Clockless chips?,
March 2005.
[4] Soha Hassoun, Yong-Bin Kim And Fabrizio Lombardi copublished by IEEE CS and
IEEE Guest Editor Introduction: Clock less VLSI Systems, November December
2005.
[5] Claire Tristram from MIT Technology , It's Time for Clock less Chips October 2001
and Old tricks for new chips Apr 19th 2001 From The Economist print edition.

CSE

K.L.E.I.T

HUBLI-30

Project Oxygen:
ABSTRACT
For over forty years, computation has centred about machines, not people. We have catered to
expensive computers, pampering them in air-conditioned rooms or carrying them around with
us. Purporting to serve us, they have actually forced us to serve them. They have been
difficult to use. They have required us to interact with them on their terms, speaking their
languages and manipulating their keyboards or mice. They have not been aware of our needs
or even of whether we were in the room with them. Virtual reality only makes matters worse:
with it, we do not simply serve computers, but also live in a reality they create.
In the future, computation will be human-centred. It will be freely available
everywhere, like batteries and power sockets, or oxygen in the air we breathe. It will enter the
human world, handling our goals and needs and helping us to do more while doing less. We
will not need to carry our own devices around with us. Instead, configurable generic devices,
either handheld or embedded in the environment, will bring computation to us, whenever we
need it and wherever we might be. As we interact with these "anonymous" devices, they will
adopt our information personalities. They will respect our desires for privacy and security.
We won't have to type, click, or learn new computer jargon. Instead, we'll communicate
naturally, using speech and gestures that describe our intent, and leave it to the computer to
carry out our will.

REFERENCES
[1] MIT Project Oxygen Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT
Project Oxygen PERVASIVE, HUMAN-CENTERED COMPUTING.
[2] Ronny Krashinsky, Christopher Batten, Mark Hampton, Steven Gerding, Brian Pharris,
Jared Casper, and Krste Asanovic,"The Vector-Thread Architecture, 31st International
Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA-31), Munich, Germany, June 2004.
[3] M. Dertouzos. The Unnished Revolution, Harper-Collins Publishers,
New York, 2001.
[5] S. Garland and J. Guttag. Spectrumware.

CSE

K.L.E.I.T

HUBLI-30