TS.

Bi Vn Hng

TH HNH QUN DY NG C IN
XOAY CHIU BA PHA
I. MC TIU, YU CU CHUN U RA
Hc xong bi ny sinh vin t c:
- Xy dng v phn bit c cc loi s tri dy qun stator
ng c.
- Qun dy v lng dy vo rnh stator ng c ng quy trnh.
- Kim tra v vn hnh ng c ng nguyn l.
II. PHNG TIN DY HC CN THIT
Phng tin dy hc ti thiu cho mt nhm (2 3 sinh vin)
Chng loi quy cch
k thut

n v

ng c KB ba pha rotor
lng sc 1 Hp, Z = 24, 2p = 4.

Chic

01

ng c KB ba pha rotor
lng sc 1 Hp, Z = 30, 2p = 4.

Chic

01

ng c KB ba pha rotor
lng sc 1 Hp, Z = 36, 2p = 4.

Chic

01

Dy in t ng knh 0,4mm

kg

0,5

Phim cch in dy 0,2mm

m2

0,5

Giy cch in dy 0,1mm

m2

0,5

ng gen cch in 1mm

Si

03

ng gen cch in 5mm

Si

01

Ch ai

10

10

Dy in mm

11

VOM

Chic

01

12

Dng c tho lp ng c

01

STT

S
Ghi ch
lng

III. KIN THC L THUYT CA BI THC HNH

1. Kt cu dy qun stator
1.1. ng c xoay chiu ba pha mt cp tc
Dy qun stator ng c in xoay chiu ba pha mt cp tc bao
gm ba cun dy c lm bng dy in t, c thng s ging nhau v
c t mi pha lch nhau 1200 trong li st t stator, cc u dy ra
ca ba cun c k hiu l A X; B Y; C Z. ng c c th c
la chn vn hnh ch Sao (Y) hoc Tam gic () ty thuc vo
quan h gia in p nh mc ca ng c vi in p nh mc ca
li in, nh minh ha hnh 7.1 v hnh 7.2.
Trong :
+ Ud0: in p dy ca ngun.
+ Ufc: in p nh mc mt cun dy stator.
+ iu kin ng c vn hnh ch Y: Ud0 =

3 Ufc.

+ iu kin ng c vn hnh ch : Ud0 = Ufc.

Hnh 7.1. S nguyn l ng c vn hnh ch Y

Ty thuc vo cng sut ca ng c, kt cu dy qun stator c
la chn v ch to t mt trong cc kiu s tri sau:
- Dy qun kiu ng tm ba mt phng.
- Dy qun kiu ng tm hai mt phng.
- Dy qun kiu ng tm xp n.
- Dy qun kiu ng khun tp trung.
- Dy qun kiu ng khun phn tn n gin (b i).
2

TS. Bi Vn Hng
- Dy qun kiu ng khun phn tn mc xch.
- Dy qun kiu ng khun xp kp (dy qun hai lp).

Hnh 7.2. S nguyn l ng c vn hnh ch

1.2. ng c xoay chiu ba pha hai cp tc

Dy qun stator ng c in xoay chiu ba pha hai cp tc bao
gm su cun dy c lm bng dy in t, c thng s ging nhau.
Trong , mi pha c hai cun v c k hiu l A1 X1, A2 X2; B1
Y1, B2 Y2; C1 Z1, C2 Z2, nh minh ha hnh 7.3.
Pha A

Pha B

Pha C

Hnh 7.3. K hiu cc cun dy stator ng c hai cp tc

Cc cun dy ca ba pha cng c lch nhau 1200 trong li st t
stator. Ty thuc vo cch u dy trong s tri dy qun, ng c c
th c la chn vn hnh ch Tam gic ni tip tc thp/Sao
song song tc cao (/YY), hoc Tam gic ni tip tc cao/Sao
song song tc thp, nh minh ha hnh 7.4 v hnh 7.5.

Hnh 7.4. u dy tc thp/YY tc cao

Hnh 7.5. u dy tc cao/YY tc thp

IV. QUY TRNH THC HNH

1. Ly mu dy qun
Bc 1. Ly mu cc thng s nh mc ca ng c
- Cng s nh mc: Pm [kW]
- in p v dng in nh mc: U mY / U m [V] v I mY / I m [A]
- S cc t, tn s v tc nh mc: 2 p , f m [Hz] v nm [v/p]
- H s cng sut v hiu sut nh mc: Cos m , v m
Bc 2. Ly mu cc thng s ca dy qun stator
4

TS. Bi Vn Hng
- Kiu dy qun v cch thc u dy ca mi pha
- Hnh thc cch in v ai u cc bi dy
- S si chp v s mch nhnh song song
- ng knh dy v s vng dy ca mi bi

2. Xy dng s tri dy qun

2.1. S tri dy qun ng tm
Quy trnh xy dng s dy qun stator kiu ng tm hai mt
phng, c: Z = 24, 2p = 4, m = 3, a = 1.
Bc 1. Xc nh thng s li st t stator ng c: Z = 24, 2p = 4, a =1

Z
24

6 [rnh]
2p 4
Bc 13. Tnh s rnh mt pha trong mt bc cc:
q
1

(7.1)

Bc 2. Tnh bc cc t:

6
2 [rnh]
3 3

(7.2)
4

Hnh 7.6. S tri dy qun stator kiu ng tm hai mt phng

Z = 24, 2p = 4, a = 1
Bc 4. Tnh gc lch pha sc in ng gia hai rnh lin tip

1800 1800

300

(7.3)
5

Bc 5. Tnh khong cch gia cc pha

120 0 120 0

4 [rnh]

30 0
Bc 6. V s tri dy qun c minh ha nh hnh 7.6

( A B C )

(7.4)

Bc 7. Xc nh quy trnh lng dy

Th t lng cc bi dy vo rnh ca li st t stator (quy trnh
lng dy) c thc hin ln lt nh sau: 1,2 7,8 9,10 15,16
17,18 23, 24 5,6 11,12 13,14 19,20 21,22 3,4.

2.2. S tri dy qun ng khun

Quy trnh xy dng s dy qun stator kiu ng khun tp
trung, c: Z = 36, 2p = 4, m = 3, a = 1.
Bc 1. Xc nh thng s li st t stator ng c: Z = 36, 2p = 4, a =1

Bc 2. Tnh bc cc t:
1

Z 36

9 [rnh]
2p 4
3

(7.5)
4

Hnh 7.7. S tri dy qun stator kiu ng khun tp trung

Z = 36, 2p = 4, a = 1
Bc 3. Tnh s rnh mt pha trong mt bc cc

9
3 [rnh]
3 3
Bc 4. Tnh gc lch pha sc in ng gia hai rnh lin tip
q

(7.6)

TS. Bi Vn Hng
1800 180 0

20 0

9
Bc 5. Tnh khong cch gia cc pha

(7.7)

120 0 120 0
( A B C )

6 [rnh]

20 0
Bc 6. V s tri dy qun c minh ha nh hnh 7.7

(7.8)

Bc 7. Xc nh quy trnh lng dy

Th t lng cc bi dy vo rnh ca li st t stator (quy trnh
lng dy) c thc hin ln lt nh sau:
+ Ch: 1,2,3
+ Lng: 10,11,12 7,8,9 16,17,18 13,14,15 22,23, 24
19,29,21 28,29,30 25,26,27 34,35,36 31,32,33 1,2,3.

2.3. S tri dy qun xp kp

Quy trnh xy dng s dy qun stator kiu xp kp, c: Z = 24,
2p = 4, m = 3, a = 1.
1

Hnh 7.8. S tri dy qun stator kiu xp kp

Z = 24, 2p = 4, a = 1
Bc 1. Xc nh thng s li st t stator ng c: Z = 24, 2p = 4, a =1
Bc 2. Tnh bc cc t: 6 [rnh]
Bc 3. Tnh s rnh mt pha trong mt bc cc: q 2 [rnh]
7

Bc 4. Tnh gc lch pha sc in ng gia hai rnh lin tip:

300
Bc 5. Tnh khong cch gia cc pha: A B C 4 [rnh]
Bc 6. V s tri dy qun c minh ha nh hnh 7.8:
Bc 7. Xc nh quy trnh lng dy:
Th t lng cc bi dy vo rnh ca li st t stator (quy trnh
lng dy) c thc hin ln lt nh sau:
+ Ch: 1+,2+,3+,4+,5+
+ V: 6-,7-,8-,9-,10-, 6+,11- 7+,12- 8+,13- 9+,14- 10+,
15 11+,16- 12+,17- 13+,18- 14+,19- 15+,20- 16+,21-
17+,22- 18+,23- 19+,24- 20+,1- 21+,2- 22+,3- 23+,4-
24+,5- 1+,2+,3+,4+,5+.
-

2.4. S tri dy qun q phn s

Quy trnh xy dng s dy qun stator c q phn s kiu xp
kp, c: Z = 30, 2p = 4, m = 3, a = 1.
Bc 1. Tnh bc cc t: 7,5 [rnh]
Bc 2. Tnh s rnh mt pha trn mt bc cc: q 2,5 [rnh]
Hay q 2

1
, Vy b = 2, c = 1, v d = 2
2

Bng 7.1. Bng Clement iu chnh

A
2*
2
2
2

C
2
2*
2
2

B
2
2
2*
2

A
2*
2*
2
2

C
2
2*
2*
2

B
2
2
2*
2*

A
3
3
2
2

C
2
3
3
2

Bc 3. Tnh bc qun dy: y 0,8. 0,8.7,5 6 [rnh]

B
2
2
3
3
(7.9)

Bc 4. Tnh gc lch pha sc in ng gia hai rnh lin nhau:

24 0
Bc 5. Tnh khong cch gia cc pha A B C: ( A B C ) 5 [rnh]
Bc 6. V s tri dy qun c minh ha nh hnh 7.9
8

TS. Bi Vn Hng
1

Hnh 7.9. S dy qun kiu xp kp

Z = 30, 2p = 4, m = 3, a = 1
Bc 7. Xc nh quy trnh lng dy
Th t lng cc bi dy vo rnh ca li st t stator (quy trnh
lng dy) c thc hin ln lt nh sau:
+ Ch: 1+,2+,3+,4+,5+,6+
+ V: ,7-,8-,9-,10-,11-,12- 7+,113- 8+,14- 9+,15- 10+,16 11+,17- 12+,18- 13+,19- 14+,20- 15+,21- 16+,22-
17+,23- 18+,24- 19+,25- 20+,26- 21+,27- 22+,28- 23+,29 24+,30- 25+,1- 26+,2- 27+,3- 28+,4- 29+,5- 30+,6-
1+,2+,3+,4+,5+,6+.

2.5. S tri dy qun hai cp tc

Quy trnh xy dng s tri dy qun hai cp tc kiu xp
kp cho ng c in xoay chiu ba pha, c: Z = 24, 2p1 = 2 v 2p2 = 4,
m = 3 v a = 1.
Bc 1. Tnh bc cc t cho tc cao: c 12 [rnh]
Bc 2. Tnh s rnh mt pha trn mt bc cc: q 4 [rnh]
Bc 3. Tnh bc cc t cho tc thp: th 6 [rnh]
Bc 4. Tnh bc qun dy: y 5 [rnh]
Bc 5. Tnh gc lch pha sc in ng gia hai rnh lin nhau:
9

 150
Bc 6. Tnh khong cch gia cc pha A B C: A B C 8 [rnh]
Bc 7. V s tri dy qun c minh ha nh hnh 7.10
1

Hnh 7.10. S tri dy qun hai cp tc

Z = 24, 2p = 4, m = 3, a = 1
Bc 8. Xc nh quy trnh lng dy
Th t lng cc bi dy vo rnh ca li st t stator (quy trnh
lng dy) c thc hin ln lt nh sau:
+ Ch: 1+,2+,3+,4+,5+
+ V: 6-,7-,8-,9-,10-, 6+,11- 7+,12- 8+,13- 9+,14- 10+, 15 11 ,16- 12+,17- 13+,18- 14+,19- 15+,20- 16+,21- 17+,22 18+,23- 19+,24- 20+,1- 21+,2- 22+,3- 23+,4- 24+,5-
1+,2+,3+,4+,5+.
+

3. Gia cng dy qun stator

3.1. Lm khun
Bc 1. Tnh chu vi khun qun dy theo biu thc (7.10) nh sau:
CV 2.( K L . y L' ) [mm]

(7.10)

Trong :
+ KL: h s c tnh theo biu thc (7.11)
+ y: bc qun c xc nh da vo kiu dy qun [rnh]
+ L: chiu di cnh tc dng ca bi dy, biu thc (7.12)

10

TS. Bi Vn Hng
( Dt hr )
KL
Z
+ Dt: ng knh trong rotor [mm]

(7.11)

+ Z: tng s rnh stator [rnh]

+ : h s c xc nh theo s cc t (bng 7.2)
+ hr: chiu cao rng ca rnh stator [mm]
L' L (6 10) [mm]
+ L: chiu di li st t stator [mm]

(7.12)

Hnh 7.11. Thng s lm chu vi khun

Bng 7.2. h s
2p
2
4
6
8

1,27 1,3
1,33 1,35
1,5
1,7

Hnh 7.12. Kiu dng khun vn nng

Bc 2. Gia cng khun qun dy vn nng da theo kch thc ca chu
vi khun tnh, nh minh ha hnh 7.12.

11

3.2. Lt cch in
Cch in cho b dy, bao gm: cch in thn rnh, cch in
ming rnh (ba p) v nm chn cch in (hnh 7.13), cch in u bi
dy (lt vai) (hnh 7.18).

d2

d1

hr

hr

d1

d2

Hnh 7.13. Hnh dng rnh stator v v tr t cch in

Trong :
- Cch in rnh v cch in ming rnh thng c lm bng
giy cch in c dy khong 0,2mm (ty thuc vo cng sut ca
my in), v c kch thc ph hp vi kch thc ca rnh stator nh
minh ha hnh 7.14.
- Nm chn cch in thng c lm bng tre hoc g php, c
tc dng tng cng cch in v bn c cho bi dy.

2.d 1

- Cch in u cc bi dy thng c lm bng giy cch in

c dy khong 0,1mm (ty thuc vo cng sut ca my in). Kch
thc, hnh dng v cch thc lt cch in cc u bi dy ph thuc
vo kiu dy qun.

Hnh 7.14. Hnh dng cch in rnh v ming rnh

3.3. Qun dy ln khun

Bc 1. Qun th mt bi dy, tin hnh lng bi dy vo rnh stator
ng c v iu chnh cho ph hp (kch thc khun va).
12

TS. Bi Vn Hng
Bc 2. Tin hnh qun cc bi dy cn li
- Qun cc vng dy xp song song v u nhau, khng chng cho
ln nhau.
- Trong qu trnh qun dy, nu phi ni dy, th cc mi ni bt
buc phi t v tr u bi dy, nhm thun tin cho vic kim tra sa
cha (nu b s c). Mi ni phi c hn ch c nh v cch in bng
ng gen.

3.4. Lng dy vo rnh

- S dng cc dng c lng dy, nh: dng (c) sa cch in
rnh, dao gt dy trong rnh (hnh 7.15), dng c chn bi dy trong rnh
sau khi cch in ming rnh t nm chn.

Hnh 7.15. Dao chi dy bng tre

- Trc khi lng dy phi quan st v ng c a u dy v
pha c cha l ra dy u vo hp u dy ng c.
- t cc cnh bi dy vo rnh theo th t ca quy trnh lng dy.
Ln lt gt tng si dy qua khe rnh vo gn trong lp giy cch in
rnh (hnh 7.16).

Hnh 7.16. Thao tc lng dy vo rnh

Ch : hai u dy ra ca nhm bi c lung ng gen cch in
v t nm trong rnh khong 2cm.

13

- Gi cc cnh tc dng sao cho thng ri dng dao vo dy chi

dc theo khe rnh (hnh hnh 7.17) y t t tng si dy vo rnh
stator.
Ch : khng lm cong hoc gp khc on dy nm trong rnh
stator.

Hnh 7.17. Chi thng cc si dy trong rnh

- Dng tay y cch in ming rnh vo ming rnh. Ch khng
vng dy nm ngoi giy cch in rnh hoc cch in ming rnh.
- Nn hai u ca bi dy to khong khng gian rng cho vic
lng cc bi dy tip theo.

3.5. Lt giy cch in gia cc nhm bi dy

- Ct v lt giy cch in gia cc nhm bi giy pha ngoi rnh
phn lp cc nhm bi dy gia cc pha vi nhau (hnh 7.18).
Ch : Giy cch in gia cc nhm bi ch va cch in
gia hai nhm bi dy, m khng nn ct qu tha v s gy tr ngi cho
vic ai dy cng nh s thot nhit v ng u ca lp sn khi tm
sn cch in cho cc bi dy qun ng c.

3.5. u dy
- u lin kt cc nhm bi dy theo s tri dy qun. Ti ch
ni lin kt nhm bi dy phi c lng ng gen cch in.
- a cc u dy ra ngoi: dng giy in mm nhiu si c 2
mu khc nhau ni cc u dy ra (u u A, B, C mt mu, v u
cui X, Y, Z mt mu).
14

TS. Bi Vn Hng
Ch : a cc u A, B, C ra hp cc theo mt pha, cc u X,
Y, Z theo pha cn li (mc ch d phn bit).
- Lp cc u dy trn hp cc theo s in hp cc (sau khi c
nh phn u bi).

3.6. ai dy
- Dng dy nn li cc u bi dy sao cho gn v thm m. Hai
u dy stator c nn trn u v rng a rotor vo d dng,
khng chm cc cch in phn u bi dy v np my (hnh 7.18).

Hnh 7.18. Lt cch in v ai u bi dy.

- Dy mt on bng ch ai v mt on dy in t gp lm i
lm kim ai dy v tin hnh ai dy ti cc v tr ai dy ti cc v tr
giao nhau ca hai nhm bi.
Ch : khi ai dy, phi gi c nh giy lt cch in, khng b
x dch.

3.7. Kim tra b dy sau khi gia cng

- Dng ng h VOM o kim tra thng mch b dy qun, sau
dng ng h Megaohm o in tr cch in gia cc pha vi nhau,
gia cc pha vi v my. Nu in tr cch in khng t yu cu, phi
tin hnh tng cng cch in v chn li cc nm tre vo rnh c
nh phn dy qun trong rnh.
- in tr cch in pha vi v my:
Rc

(1000 U m )
[M]
1000

(7.13)

V d: ng c c in p nh mc Um = 400V, in tr cch
in l: Rc 1,4 M.
- in tr mt chiu gia cc pha: RAX = RBY = RCZ
15

- Dng in khng ti ca cc pha: I0A = I0B = I0C 0,5Im

- Tc khng ti: n0 1500 vng/pht
- Nhit n nh ca v ng c khi ti nh mc: v 750C
- Nhit n nh ca dy qun khi ti nh mc: dy 1500C
V. NHIM V THC HNH
1. Qun dy stator ng c xoay chiu ba pha kiu ng tm hai
mt phng.
2. Qun dy stator ng c xoay chiu ba pha kiu ng khun tp
trung.
3. Qun dy stator ng c xoay chiu ba pha kiu xp kp.
4. Qun dy stator ng c xoay chiu ba pha q phn s.
5. Qun dy stator ng c xoay chiu ba pha hai cp tc .
VI. BO CO KT QU THC HNH
PHIU BO CO KT QU THC HNH
TN BI THC HNH
Qun dy ng c in xoay chiu ba pha
H v tn sinh vin:
MSSV: Lp: Nhm:
NI DUNG BO CO CA SINH VIN

nh gi
SV GV

1.

Kt qu ly mu
- Thng s nh mc:

- Thng s dy qun:

16

2.

TS. Bi Vn Hng
Thng s dy qun gia cng mi
- Chu vi khun: .
- Kiu dy qun: .. .. ..
- Sng vng 1 bi: .. .. . ...
- ng knh dy: .. .. . ..

3.

Kt qu o in tr
- in tr cch in:
- in tr mt chiu cc pha: .. ..

4.

Kt qu kim tra khng ti

- Dng khng ti: I0A, I0B, I0C

- Tc khng ti: n0

5.

Kt qu kim tra ti nh mc
- Nhit v ng c: v

- Nhit dy qun: dy

6.

Thi gian thc hin bi thc hnh

Kt qu thc hnh

17