Methods that can be used in PIP:

Focus group: A small group (3 to 8 persons) whose members are brought together by the researcher for an
in-depth discussion of a specific issue or topic with an interviewer present
Interview: An interview may be tightly structured, semi-structured, unstructured, in-depth or conversational.
This methodology involves the researcher and the interviewee in a one-to-one situation and may be quite
time consuming.
Observation: Methodology that involves watching and recording behaviours within a clearly defined area,
passive watching and recording
Participant: The researcher is immersed in the action being observed but observation their role as
researcher is not obvious.
Personal: Requires the researcher to reflect upon, and evaluate, their reflection own experiences, memories,
values and opinions in relation to a specific issue or topic. Requires the researcher to reflect upon, and
evaluate, their reflection own experiences, memories, values and opinions in relation to a specific issue or
topic.
Survey: A methods which can use different instruments such as observation, interview or a written list of
questions called a questionnaire.
Content analysis: The study and interpretation of written and visual material, for example, magazines,
television advertisements, photographs.

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