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ya'o&mZfrif;quf jyKwo f mG ;cJw h ,f? wjcm;wzufu =unf&h ifawmh Armjynf acwf
a[mif;Ekid if aH &;wku d yf JG ukeq f ;kH oGm;+y;D Armjynf acwfopfEidk if aH &;wku d yf JG pwifwmyJ
jzpfygw,f?
wu,fawmh 20 &mpktpykid ;f up+y;D acwfopfEidk if aH &;wku d yf [JG m xl;jcm;
vmygw,f? t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;ukd ya'o&mZftajrmftjrife@J qef@usi±f rkH uawmhbJ
"e&Si'f rD u dk a&pDtjrife@J yg qef@usiv f mwmjzpfvmygw,f? e,fcs@J &nf0+y;D aumufuspf
pOf;vJwehJ nf; tygt0if enf;rsKd ;pHu k dk u|r;f usiaf ewJh t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;ukd &ifqidk f
&wmjzpfawmh tawG@t}uHKrºu,f0ao;wJh Armjynf rsdK;cspftiftm;pkawGrSm
tvJvt J uGu J JG jzpfc&hJ ygw,f? 'gayrJh vltrsm;rSmawmh rsKd ;csppf w d "f mwf[m ykrd dk
Ek;d =um;jyif;xefvmygw,f? e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;/ vGwv f yfa&; &&Sad &;qkw d hJ OD;wnfcsuf
yDyjD yifjyif rcsrw S Ef idk yf g? 'ga=umifh e,fcs@J orm; tcsi;f csi;f aps;uGuef ,fajr/ =oZm
e,fy,f vk,ufcaJG 0wJh ppfy}JG uD;jzpfwhJ yxrurBmppf}uD;jzpfvmayr,hf Armjynf
Ekid if aH &;avmurSm t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm; qef@usi+f y;D vGwv f yfa&; t&,lr,fqw dk hJ
Ekid if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_ rjzpfay:cJyh g?
1917 ckEpS f ±k&mS ;jynfrmS vDeif trSL;jyKwJh abmfv&f ADS pfygwu D r[m
atmufwb dk mqk&d , S v f pfawmfveS af &;ukd qifE+J$ yD; atmifycJG cH yhJ gw,f? 'DaemufrmS
qkAd , D ufq&dk , S vf pfjynfaxmifpk orRwEkid if u H dk xlaxmifEidk yf gw,f? 'g[m urBm
ay:rSm yxrqH;k qk&d , S v f pfEidk if u
H dk xlaxmifEidk w f m jzpfw,f? wenf;ajym&&if rmhupf f
0g' v_y&f mS ;r_rmS rmhupf 0f g't& Ekid if aH &;tm%mukd ypPn;f rJv h wl ef;pm;u ykid yf idk Ef idk Ef idk f
qkyu f idk Ef idk w
f myJ jzpfygw,f? 'g[m urBmay:rSm qk&d , S v f pfpepfudk pwif taumif
txnf azmfwmyJ jzpfygw,f? tJ'aD e@up+yD; urBmay:rSm t&if;&Sipf epftjyif
qk&d , S vf pfpepfqw dk m wnf&v dS mawmhwmyJ? e,fcs@J 0g'twGuf acsmufcsm;p&m
jzpfvmw,f? vDeif trSL;jyKwJh abmf&ADS pfygwD (qkAd , D uf,el , D H uGejf rLepfygw)D
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D 0 usa&mufaewJh trsKd ;om;awG&@J e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;v_y&f mS ;r_
awGukd axmufcHtm;ay;ygw,f? tJ'DEkdifiHawGu trsdK;om;v_yf&Sm;r_awG[m
vGwv f yfa&;eJ@ vGwaf jrmuf a&;v_y&f mS ;r_awG jzpfay:vm&if qk&d , S v f pfpepftwGuf
r[mrdwaf wG wk;d yGm;vmwm jzpfw,fv@dk vnf; vDeifw@dk u ±_jrifygw,f? 'dtjyif
'DtrsKd ;om;vGwv f yfa&;eJ@ vGwaf jrmufa&; v_y&f mS ;r_awG[m qk&d , S vf pfpepf xl
axmifa&; OD;wnfcsuu f dk wufvrS ;f oGm;vdrrhf ,fv@dk vnf; vDeifw@dk u jrifygw,f?
'Dvdk urBmt h cif;tusi;f }u;D ajymif;vJvmwJt h cg Armjynfe,fcs@J qef@usif
a&; v_y&f mS ;r_uv dk nf; *,uf±u dk yf gawmhw,f? 'ga=umifh 1920 ckEpS /f ausmif;om;
oydw[ f m GCBA v_y&f mS ;r_e@J pm&if yk&d iS ;f vif;jywfom;vmwm awG@&ygr,f? 1930
ckEpS f q&mpH v,form;vufeufuidk yf ek u f efr_ ay:vmwJt h cgrmS Armjynfoal wG&@J
rsKd ;csppf w d f t&Sed t f [ke[ f m tvGef jrifrh m;ae+yDqw dk m awG@&rSmyg? wcsed w f nf;rSm
tajrmftjrife@J wku d yf eJG nf;emawG vkt d yfaeao;wmvnf; awG@&rSm jzpfygw,f?
'ga=umifh wk@d Armtpnf;t±H;k ukd xlaxmifvm=uygw,f? qk&d , S v f pfpmayawG
avhvma&;[mvnf; t&Sed jf rifw h ufvmygw,f? t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J qef@usiaf &; 'Da&
[mvnf; w&dy&f yd f wufvmygw,f? t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;u enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJ@ aoG;cGJ
ay r,fh t*Fvyd t f vkad wmf&ad wGuvG&J if tm;vH;k [m e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;tay:rSm
&yfvm=uw,f?
1938 ckEpS f (1300 jynfh ta&;awmfy}kH uD;) ayguu f w
JG thJ cgrmS awmh Arm
Ekid if H acwfopforkid ;f rSm xl;jcm;r_ ay:ayguv f mw,f? tJ't D a&;awmfy}kH u;D u Arm
jynf&@J Ekid if aH &;vrf;a=umif;ukd vGwv f yfa&;/ 'Dru dk a&pDa&;/ qk&d , S vf pfa&;qk+d yD;
wifjyEkifd v f mw,f? tJ'v D rf;a=umif;ukd av#mufvrS ;f OD;aqmifomG ;zk@d vli,frsKd ;quf
wqufuv dk nf; arG;xkwv f u dk yf gw,f? 'Dvrf;a=umif;tay: wrsKd ;om;vH;k pnf;pnf;
vH;k vH;k eJ@ av#mufvu dk Ef idk zf @dk q&dk if vlwef;pm;toD;oD;[m ol@Eidk if aH &;ygwD tzG@J
tpnf; toif;tyif;awG zG@J pnf;+y;D pepfwus v_y&f mS ;=u&r,f? vlwef;pm; toD;oD;
&J@ Edidk if aH &;ygwD tzG@J tpnf;toif;tyif; tm;vH;k [mvnf; tcsi;f csi;f pnf;vH;k pGm
vufw=JGu&r,f? e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;/ vGwv f yfa&; tjriftay:rSm wpnf;wvH;k wnf;
&Sd=u&r,fqkdwm em;vnfvm=uw,f? 'ga=umifh tJ'DumvrSmyJ Armjynf
uGejf rLepfygw[ D m v#Kd @0u S pf mG arG;zGm;cJyh gw,f? wjcm; Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkawGe@J
vufw+JG yD; e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;ukd aZmufcsvyk u f idk cf =hJ uygw,f?

2
 1939 ckEpS rf mS e,fcs@J orm;tcsi;f csi;f vk,uf&muae Oa&myrSm 'kw, d
urBmppf pwif jzpfymG ;ygw,f? 'DwcsjD zpfwhJ yG[ J m e,fcs@J Eidk if t H oD;oD;&J@ tifyidk , f m
toD;oD;ukd *,uf±u dk yf gw,f? Armjynfudk *,uf±u dk w f thJ cgrmS awmh 1300 jynfh
ta&;awmfyu kH arG;zGm;ay;vku d w f hJ Ekid if aH &;todpw d "f mwf/ rsKd ;csppf w d "f mwfawGa=umifh
t*Fvyd t f cuf Armhtcsuq f o dk vkd ay:vmwJt h cGit hf vrf;ukd xdxrd rd d toH;k cs
Ekid cf yhJ gw,f? txpftaigah wG &Sad yr,fh rsKd ;csppf w d "f mwf/ vGwv f yfa&;eJ@ vGwaf jrmuf
a&;todawGu tJ'gawGtm;vH;k ukd ausmef if;vku d Ef ikd yf gw,f?
1941 ckEpS rf mS awmh *smr%Dtpk;d &u qkAd , D uf,el , D uH dk 0ifwu dk yf gw,f?
tJ't D csed u f p+yD; 'kw, d urBmppf&@J tcif;tusi;f toGit f jyif[m ajymif;vJomG ;
ygw,f? 'kw, d urBmppf ppcsi;f rSm e,fcs@J orm;tcsi;f csi;f wku d w f yhJ yJG gy?J *smr%D/
tDwvD/ *syefpwJh e,fcs@J zufqpf0if±;dk wef; Ekid if aH wGe@J t*Fvyd af cgi;f aqmifwhJ Oa&my
e,fcs@J Eidk if aH wG qifEw J$ yhJ yJG gy?J 1941 ckEpS f ZGev f 22 &ufrmS *smr%Du qkAd , D ufudk
0ifwu dk w f t hJ cgrmS awmh 'kw, d urBmppf}uD;[m zufqpfqef@usiaf &;ppfyt JG jzpf
ajymif;oGm;ygw,f? 1941 ckEpS f 'DZifbmrSm ykvq J yd uf rf;ukd *syefw@dk 0ifwu dk +f yD;wJh
tcsed rf mS awmh tar&duef[m 'kw, d urBmppfxJ 0ifvmygw,f? t*Fvyd /f tar
&duef/ jyifopf/ qkAd , D uf,el , D w H @dk uwzuf/ zufqpf0if±;dk wef; Ekid if aH wGuwzuf
jzpfwhJ ppfy}JG uD; jzpfomG ;ygawmhw,f?
'Dtcsed rf mS Armjynfudk *syefzufqpfe,fcs@J orm;u 0ifa&mufvm+y;D t*F
vdyef ,fcs@J orm;u qkwcf mG oGm;&+yD jzpfw,f? ArmjynfrmS bDtidk af tac:wJh acwfe@J
tnDz@JG pnf;wJh wyfuv dk nf; Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;OD;aqmifwhJ &Jabmfo;kH usyd u f zG@J pnf;
xm;Ekid +f yjD zpfw,f? aemufawmh zufqpf*syefu Armjynfudk vGwv f yfa&;twk a=u
nmay;w,f? ArmjynfEidk if aH &; tiftm;pk toD;oD;eJ@ jynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH [m
zufqpf*syefvufatmufrmS avmui&Judk cHpm;ae&ygawmhw,f?
urBmrSm Edik if t H oD;oD;u uGejf rLepfygwaD wG yg0if+y;D zG@J pnf;xm;wJh wwd,
tifwmae&Sief ,fv@dk ac:wJh urBmu h eG jf rLepftzG@J csKyf}uD;[m *smr%Du qkAd , D uf
,le, D u H dk 0ifwu dk w
f hJ 1941 ckEpS u f p+y;D zufqpfqef@usiaf &;ukd wurBmvH;k yg0if=uzk@d
v_@H aqmfygw,f? ol@tzG@J 0iftm;vH;k ukv d nf; awmif;qkyd gw,f?
'kw, d urBmppf tpykid ;f rSm t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;u Ekid if aH &;orm; trsm;
tjym;ukd zrf;qD;xm;+y;D Ekid if aH &;v_y&f mS ;r_awG aooGm;atmif vkycf yhJ gw,f? 'ga=umifh
Ekid if aH &;orm; awmfawmfrsm;rsm; axmifxaJ &muf+y;D t}u}J ut J uGu J JG jzpf=uygw,f?
3
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orm;awG vGwv f mygw,f? 'gayrJh zufqpf*syefvufatmufrmS b,fEifdk if aH &; ygwD
tzG@J tpnf;rS w&m;0ifvy_ &f mS ;cGihf r&Sw d ma=umifh *syefz@JG ay;wJh tpk;d &tzG@J rmS tm&S
vli,ftzG@J w@dk e@J bDtidk af twk@d vdk tzG@J tpnf;twGi;f rSm 0ifa&muf=u&+y;D uk, d af &mif
azsmuf&/ ajrv#Kd ;=u&ygw,f?
'Dvdk tajctaerSm wu,fvy_ &f mS ;Ekid w f m 1300jynfh ta&;awmfyu kH
vli,fwoku d yf J t"du jzpfygw,f? vl}u;D rsKd ;qufawGe@J Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkawG[m
v_y&f mS ;zk@d tcGirhf ombJ jzpfaeygw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS ocifp;dk [m ArmjynfueG jf rL
epfygw&D @J taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; wm0ef,al e&+y;D / Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;[m ppf0ef
}uD; jzpfaeygw,f? wu,fawmh vuf&u dS eG jf rLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;eJ@
uGejf rLepf ygwt D axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;a[mif;wk@d awG@qakH qG;aEG;=uwmygy?J olw@dk
2 OD;[m v#Kd @0u S af wG@q=kH u+y;D urBmu h eG jf rLepftzG@J csKyaf wmif;qkcd suef @J tnD *syefzuf
qpfudk wku d zf suzf @dk aqG;aEG;=uygw,f? tusKd ;qufuawmh zwyvvk@d ac:wJh
tzG@J csKyf}uD;ukd xlaxmifEidk yf gw,f? zufqpfwu dk zf suaf &;/ jynfo@l vw G v f yfa&;
tzG@J u wu,fawmh vuf0t J iftm;pkawGe@J wnfaqmufxm;wJh wyfaygi;f pk jzpfyg
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'Dvw dk rsKd ;om;vH;k tusKd ;pD;yGm;eJ@ uku d nf w D hJ vrf;pOfuv dk nf; csEidk +f y;D yg0if
wJh tiftm;pkawGuvnf; wufnv D ufnD vkyu f idk =f uwJt h cgrmS wrsKd ;om;vH;k [m
pnf;±H;k rdvmw,f? zufqpf*syefuv dk nf; atmifjrifpmG awmfveS Ef idk cf =hJ uygw,f?
zufqpf*syefudk atmifjrifpmG awmfveS w f udk cf u
dk Ef idk wf t hJ wGuf Armjynf
trsKd ;om;vH;k [m txl;yJ Ek;d =um;wufºu pnf;vH;k ae=uygw,f? 'ga=umifh Ekid if aH &;
tiftm;pkawG[mvnf; zwyv tzG@J csKyfxJ 0ifa&muf pkpnf;vmygw,f? zqyv
tzG@J tjzpfvnf; emrnfajymif;vmygw,f? rlv vuf0t J iftm;pkawGcsn;f yg0if&m
u rsKd ;cspjf ynfcsppf w d &f w
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t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;eJ@ &ifqidk &f mrSmawmh t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;&J@ y&d,m,f
ºu,f0r_/ aumufusppf Of;vJ,w k rf mr_/ zqyv tzG@J xyJ g0ifaewJh Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pk
eJ@ Ekid if aH &;orm;awG uk, d u f sKd ;=unf+h yD; vlwef;pm;tajymif;tvJawG jzpfomG ;r_/
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d cf sKyfatmifqef;wk@d vky}f ucH &H r_w@dk a=umifh vGwv f yfa&;ukd vGwv f w
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jzpfomG ;ygw,f? 1948 ckEpS Zf EM0g&v D 4 &ufae@rmS awmh Armjynf[m vGwv f yfwhJ
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ta&;awmfyu kH wifjywJh vrf;a=umif;twkid ;f qufav#mufr,fqw dk o hJ abmukd
azmfjywmygy?J
1300jynfh ta&;awmfyu kH wifjywJh vGwv f yfa&;/ 'Dru dk a&pDa&;eJ@ qk&d , S f
vpfa&;qkw d hJ vrf;a=umif;ukd csw D ufz@dk q&dk if jynfph w kH hJ vGwv f yfa&;ukd vH;k yef;f &if;
'Dru dk a&pD tjynft h 0&atmif taumiftxnfazmf&rSm jzpfygw,f? +yD;jynfph w kH hJ
vGwv f yfa&;/ jynf0h wJh 'Dru dk a&pD r&Sb d eJ @J qk&d ,S v
f pfpepfqw dk m b,fvrdk S oGm;vk@d
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zqyv tpk;d &[m vGwv f yfa&;ukv d nf; jynfph akH tmif rvkyb f J 'Dru dk a&
pDuv dk nf; ydwyf ifwm;qD;wm vkyv f mygw,f? Edik if aH &;oabmxm; uGv J rJG q
_ w dk m
b,ftcsed f b,fumvrSmrqkd &Sw d mygy?J zqyvvkd wyfaygi;f pkrmS vlwef;pm;t
oD;oD;ukd uk, d pf m;jyKwJh Ekid if aH &;ygwt D oD;oD; yg0if=uawmh oabmxm;trsKd rsKd ;
azmfjy=urSmyJ jzpfygw,f? 'gudk 'Dru dk a&pD enf;usus ajz&Si;f &ygr,f? 'Dvrdk vkyb f J
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu D dk zqyv tzG@J csKyu f ae xkwyf ,fcyhJ gw,f? 'gayrJh Armjynf
uGejf rLepfygw[ D m trsKd ;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G af &;twGu/f vGwv f yfa&;twGuf 'Drdk
ua&pdabmiftwGi;f rSmyJ zqyvtzG@J csKyfe@J twl t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;ukd
pkud v f u dk rf wfwwfvyk yf gw,f? wcsed w f nf;rSm zqyveJ@ uGejf rLepfnn D w G af &;ukd
}uKd yrf;cJw h ,f? vGwv f yfa&;a=unmyGv J nf; wufcyhJ gw,f? vGwv f yfa&;&+y;D yxr
qH;k usi;f ywJh v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;rSmvnf; wufa&muf+y;D wkid ;f a&;jynf&mawG
ukd wufwufºuºuyJ aqG;aEG;cJyh gw,f?
'gayrJh qd&k , S vf pfygwu D v$r;f rk;d wJh zqyvtpk;d &[m uGejf rLepfygw&D @J
'Dru dk a&pDtcGit hf a&;ukd toH;k cs+yD; rwlwhJ tjrifwifjywmukd vufrcHygb;l ? 'Drdk
ua&pDtcGit hf a&;awGudk wm;qD;ydwyf ifygw,f? tjrifrwloal wGudk t=urf;zuf
zdEydS yf gw,f? owif;pmawGudk vlpv k al 0;eJ@ t=urf;zuf zsuq f ;D wmutp vlru dk f
*k%
d ;f qefqef ajz&Si;f wmrsKd ;awG vkyw f ,f? zrf;qD; axmifcswmawG vkyw f ,f? 1948
ckEpS f rwfv 28 &ufae@rmS awmh uGejf rLepfygwaD cgi;f aqmiftm;vH;k zrf;+y;D uGejf rLepf
ygwu D dk tjywf&iS ;f zk@d vky&f mrSm ratmifrjrif jzpfomG ;vk@d ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD
vnf; awmcko d mG ;&wJh tajctae jzpfomG ;ygw,f? ArmjynfjynfwiG ;f ppfr;D [m
w[ke;f [ke;f awmufavmifomG ;&ygawmhw,f? Armjynf trsKd ;om; aoG;pnf;nDnw G f
5
a&;[mvnf; +ydKuGo J mG ;ygw,f? tJ't D csed u f p+yD; zqyvtpk;d &[m Armjynf
uGejf rLepf ygwu D adk &m/ uGejf rLepf0g'ukad &m qef@usiw f m w&pyf vkyaf wmhwmygy?J
jynfov l x l }k uD;ukd zdEydS wf hJ tpd;k &tjzpfvnf; yHak y:vmygawmhw,f? zqyv
tzG@J }u;D [m jynfo@l tusKd ;aqmif&u G cf whJ t hJ pOft vmukd pGe@f y,f+y;D jynfov l x l u k dk
zdESdyfwJh tpkd;&&J@tzGJ@}uD;jzpfoGm;ygawmhw,f? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDuvnf;
tJ't D csed u f p+yD; Armjynf jynfow l &yfv;kH / wrsKd ;om;vH;k vGwaf jrmufz@dk q&dk if
jynfo@l 'rD u dk a&pDawmfveS af &; vrf;a=umif;yJ av#muf&vdrrhf ,fq+kd yD; wifjycJw h m
uae@txdygyJ? jynfol@'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&;qkdwm tvkyform;vlwef;pm;/
v,form; vlwef;pm;/ "e&Siaf ygupf vlwef;pm;eJ@ rsKd ;cspjf ynfcspt f &if;&Sif vlwef;
pm;awG 'Drdk ua&pD tjynft h 0 &&Sad &;yJ jzpfw,f? wenf;tm;jzifh tJ'D vlwef;pm;
4 &yfv;kH vGwaf jrmufa&;jzpfw,f? tJ'v D w l ef;pm; 4 &yfxrJ mS yg0ifwhJ vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHk
jynfow l &yfv;kH vGwaf jrmufa&;jzpfygw,f?
jynfwiG ;f ppfpjzpfwhJ 1948 ckEpS f rwfv 28 &ufae@up+yD; aemuf wywf
t=um 1948 ckEpS f {+yDv 5 &ufae@rmS q&m}uD;ocifu, dk af wmfrid_ ;f [m zqyv
tzJ@G xJ rygwhJ wk@d Armtpnf;t±H;k 0if ocifawGudk jyefvnfppk nf;+y;D wk@d Arm tpnf;
t±k;H ukd jyefxal xmif+y;D =um;vlawGtjzpf aqmif&u G zf @dk tm;xkww f ,f? qk&d , S v f pf
awGe@J uGejf rLepfawG[m ol@&@J wynfah wGcsn;f yJjzpfawmh olu =um;0if+y;D jynfwiG ;f
+ird ;f csr;f a&; wnfaqmufa&;ukd vH;k yef;wmyg? 'gayrJh zqyvtpk;d &[m aphpyfaqG;
aEG;ajz&Si;f a&;ukd vufrcHbJ tjyKww f udk af &;omvky+f y;D 'Dru dk a&pD qdwo f Ok ;f oxuf
qdwo f Ok ;f atmif vkyv f mwma=umifh jynfwiG ;f ppf[m euf±id_ ;f oxuf euf±id_ ;f vm
awmhw,f? 1949 ck/ ESpOf ;D ykid ;f rSmawmh KNDO tygt0if vlrsKd ;pkawG[mvnf;
wzGzJ JG awmcd&k wJb h 0ukd a&mufvm&ygawmhw,f? Armjynf vufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;
tiftm;pkawGudk zqyv tpk;d &u a&mifpo kH yl ek qf +dk yD; emrnfwyfygawmhw,f?
'kw, d urBmppf +y;D wJah emufrmS t*Fvyd ef ,fcs@J orm;[m ajcukev f ufyrf;
usomG ;ygw,f? tar&duefe,fcs@J orm;[m tm;aumif;armif;oef acgi;f axmif
vmEkid +f yD; t&if;&Sief ,fcs@J orm;avmurSm acgi;f aqmifae&m&vmcJyh gw,f? 'g
a=umifh urBmu h v k or*~udk tar&duefe,fcs@J orm; pdw}f uKd uzf @JG pnf;cJyh gw,f? 'gayrJh
'kw, d urBmppft+yD;rSm qkAd , D uf,el , D u H vnf; ppfEidk o f l jzpf±rkH u Oa&myrSm
qk&d , S v f pfEidk if aH wG ay:ayguv f m+y;D qk&d , S v f pf*% dk ;f }uu D vnf; ay:xGuv f mawmh
urBmu h v k or*~udk zG@J pnf;wJt h cg vH+k cKH a&;aumifpt D +rw J rf;tzG@J 0iftjzpf qkAd , D uf
6
 ,le, D u H dk vufcx H m;&ygw,f? wzufrmS tar&duef[m ol@bufro J mzk@d twGuf
cseaf u&Sw d w f ±kwt f pk;d &ukv d nf; t+rJwrf;tzG@J 0iftjzpf xnfah y;vku d yf gw,f?
'Denf;eJ@ urBmu h v k or*~rmS t&if;&Sief ,fcs@J orm;*k% d ;f eJ@ qd&k , S v f pf*% dk ;f ESpcf [
k m
t+rJxyd w f u dk f &ifqidk v f m&ygw,f? tJ't D ajctaea=umifyh J urBm ay:rSm ppfat;
wku d yf q
JG w dk m jzpfay:vmwmyg?
50 ckEpS af wGxrJ mS a&mufawmh 'kw, d urBmppft+yD; vGwv f yfp Ekid if H
awG[m vGwv f yfa&;xde;f odr;f a&;/ e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;twGuf tcsi;f csi;f yl;aygi;f
aqmif&u G =f uzk@d bufrvku d =f um;aea&; tkypf u k dk xlaxmif=uygw,f? w±kw
jf ynf[m 1949 ckEpS rf mS vGwaf jrmufomG ;+yD; uGejf rLepfygwD tm%m&oGm;ygw,f?
w±kwf uGejf rLepftpk;d & w±kwjf ynfo@l orRwEkid if u H dk urBmu h v
k or*~rmS ae&mray;
ygb;l ? xkid 0f rfudk xGuaf jy;ae&wJh cseaf u&Sw d t
f pk;d &ukyd J ae&may;+rJ ay;xm;ygw,f?
w±kwjf ynfo@l orRw Ekid if t H pk;d &[m bufrvku d =f um;aea&;v_y&f mS ;r_udk wufwuf
ºuºu axmufcyH gw,f? tif'edk ;D &Sm;Ekid if H befa'gi;f +rKd @rmS vGwv f yfpEkid if aH wG awG@qkH
aqG;aEG;+yD; befa'gi;f rludk csrw S yf gw,f? Ekid if tH csi;f csi;f qufq&H mrSm xm;&r,fh
rlawGyg? aemifrmS +idr;f csr;f pGm twl,OfwaJG exkid af &;rl 5 csuv f @dk xif&mS ;vm+yD;/
urBmu h v k or*~rmS vnf; tJ'rD u l dk uae@txd w&m;0if usio hf ;kH ygw,f? Armjynf
zqyv tpk;d &[m tJ'rD l 5 csuf csrw S &f mrSm uruxvkyo f al wGxrJ mS yg0ifchJ
ygw,f?
'Dvv dk y_ &f mS ;r_awGtjyif urBm+h idr;f csr;f a&; v_y&f mS ;r_awGvnf; wurBm
vH;k rSm v_y&f mS ;ae=uwma=umifh tar&duef acgi;f aqmifwhJ e,fcs@J orm;tkypf ak wG&@J
wwd, urBmppfzefw;D a&;/ uGejf rLepfqef@usiaf &; v_y&f mS ;r_udk wm;qD;Ekid cf yhJ gw,f?
ArmjynfrmS urBm+h idr;f csr;f a&;uGe*f &uftzG@J }uD;ukd q&m}uD;ocifu, dk af wmfrid_ ;f yJ
acgi;f aqmif v_y&f mS ;cJyh gw,f? 'Dvy_ &f mS ;r_awGa=umifh urBmppf}uD;ukd wm;qD;Ekid cf @J
ayr,fh a'oppf awGudk rwm;qD;Ekid cf yhJ g? Armjynf jynfwiG ;f ppfuv dk nf; r&yfpEJ idk cf yhJ g?
tar&duef&@J teDvid_ ;f wm;qD;a&;ay:vpDa=umifh a'oppfyaJG wG qufjzpfygw,f?
tar&duef[m urBmtES@H tm%modr;f yGaJ wGjzpfatmif aoG;xk;d v_@H aqmf±rkH u uk, d x f d
vufa&mufvnf; yg0ifavh&ydS gw,f?
urBmrSm ppfat;umv}uD;vnf; jzpfaecsed f ArmjynfrmS jynfwiG ;f ppfjzpf
aeawmh ArmjynfrmS ppftyk pf zk @JG wnfz@dk tcGihf tvrf;ay:vmygw,f? zqyv tpk;d &
[m jynfwiG ;f ppfuw dk udk &f if; Akv d af e0if;eJ@ wyfxrJ mS }u;D pk;d aewJh qk&d , S v f pf ppfAv dk f
7
awGudk ypm;ay;vm&ygw,f? tJ'pD pfAv dk w f pk[m ppftyk pf u k dk zG@J pnf;vm+yD; 58 rSm
zqyv tuGt J +yu J dk ta=umif;jyK+y;D tuJprf; tm%modr;f ygw,f? vkt d yfwhJ jyif
qifra_ wGvyk zf @dk 60 ckEpS rf mS a&G;aumufyu JG si;f y+yD; yxpukd tm%mv$t J yfygw,f?
'gayrJh 1962 ck rwfv 2 &ufae@rmS awmh Akv d af e0if;ppftyk pf [ k m t+yD;tykid f tm
%modr;f +yD; ppftm%m&Sipf epfudk xlaxmifygawmhw,f? Akv d af e0if;[m 1963
ckEpS rf mS [efjy+idr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yGu J dk vkyyf gw,f? q&m}uD;ocifu, dk af wmfrid_ ;f &J@
jynfwiG ;f +ird ;f csr;f a&;tzG@J u tqkjd yKxm;wJh olremuk, d rf em +ird ;f csr;f a&; aqG;aEG;yGJ
wnfaqmufa&;ukd ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD tygt0if awmwGi;f vufeufuidk f tif
tm;pkawGu vufccH ahJ yr,fh Akv d af e0if;ppftyk pf u k vufeufcsa&; tjyKww f udk af &;yJ
csrw S w f ma=umifh +idr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yGJ ysuo f mG ;&ygw,f? 'Dtcsed u f p+yD; Arm
jynf[m ppftm%m&Sipf epfom awmufav#muf}u;D pk;d rif;rlaewm uae@txdygy?J
rqv[m ppftpk;d &ukd qk&d , S v f pftwk rsuEf mS zH;k wyfay;xm;wJh ppftyk f
pk&@J Ekid if aH &;ygww D ckom jzpfygw,f? tJ'u D mvrSm vufeufuidk w f u dk yf 0JG ifwhJ Ekid if aH &;
tiftm;pkuvG&J if b,fEidk if aH &;tiftm;pkrS &yfwnfEidk pf rG ;f r&Syd gb;l ? 'ga=umifh
jynfwiG ;f ppf[m ykrd edk uf±id_ ;f us,jf yef@+yD; yk&d ufpuf ykjd yif;xefygw,f? b,fvw l ef;
pm;vl@tv$mrS vGwv f w G v
f yfvyf v_y&f mS ;cGirhf &Syd g? 'ga=umifh ausmif;om;awG&@J
'Dru dk a&pD ynma&;v_y&f mS ;r_/ tvkyo f rm;awG&@J v_y&f mS ;r_awG ay:ygw,f? tm;vH;k
t=urf;zuf ESrd ef if;cH&ygw,f?
1988 ckEpS rf mS awmh vlxt k ºkH uayguu f rJG }_ u;D ay:ayguv f mygw,f? 1300
jynfh ta&;awmfykH ESpf 50 jynf@e@J vnf; wku d qf idk yf gw,f? wu,fawmhvnf; 1300
jynft h a&;awmfy&kH @J tqufv@dk vnf; ajymvk@d &ygw,f? 1300 jynft h a&;awmfyu kH
p+yD; vGwv f yfa&;/ 'Dru dk a&pDa&;/ qd&k , S v f pfa&;vrf;a=umif;ukd wifjyvmwmrSm
vGwv f yfa&;[m rjynfrh pk&H cJ+h y;D / 'Dru dk a&pDuawmh vH;k 0ukd r&Sw d ma=umifh 8av;vH;k
vk@d yaJ c:ac:/ 88 ta&;tcif;vk@d yq J q dk kd 'Dta&;awmfy}kH u;D [m 'Dru dk a&pD ta&;awmf
yH}k uD;jzpfcyhJ gw,f? wcsKd @uvnf; 'kw, d t}udrf vGwv f yfa&; }udK;yrf;r_v@dk vnf;
qkyd gw,f?
88 'Dru
dk a&pDta&;awmfy}kH uD;ukd ppftyk pf u k e0wqkw d hJ ppftpk;d &ukd zG@J
pnf;+yD; t=urf;zuf ESrd ef if;vku d yf gw,f? 'Dta&;awmfy}kH uD;&J@ xl;jcm;csuu f awmh
ausmif;om;avmu v_y&f mS ;r_u pwifazmufcv JG udk +f yD; +rdK@ae"e&Siaf ygupf ynm
wwfawGuaerS +rKd @aeqif;&Jom;/ ukeo f nfypJG m;/ tr_xrf;t&mxrf;ponfjzifh wp
8
wp us,u f s,jf yef@jyef@ yg0ifvm+y;D taxGaxGoydw}f u;D tjzpf wjynfv;kH ys@H E@HS oGm;
wmyJ jzpfw,f? aus;vufa'oawGtxd ys@H E@HS omG ;ygw,f? 'Dta&;awmfy}kH uD;ukd
e0wu t=urf;zuf+zKd cv JG u dk Ef idk af yr,fh ppftyk pf b k ufu ol@rqvygwu D dk zsuo f rd ;f
ay;vku d &f w,f? Ekid if aH &;ygwD trsm;tjym; zG@J pnf;cGiahf y; vku d &f w,f? a&G;aumufyJG
usi;f y+yD; tEkid &f wJyh gwaD wGudk tm%mv$aJ y;r,fqw dk hJ uwde@J e0wu wufvm
&wmjzpfaejyef w,f? ygwpD 'kH rD u dk a&pDpepfudk azmfaqmifygrh ,fqw kd hJ uwdawG e0w
u ay;&ygw,f?
tJ'uD wdawGay;wm[m wu,fawmh Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pk tawmfrsm;
rsm;ukd awGa0oGm;atmif vkyw f mjzpf+yD;/ tm%mukt d rdt&ukid Ef idk zf @dk ppf tkycf sKyf
a&;udk tom;usatmifvyk af &;omjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh Ekid if aH &;ygwD t rsm;tjym;
ukd ta=umif;trsKd ;rsKd ;jy+yD; zsuo f rd ;f ygw,f? a&G;aumufyu JG dk 90 ckEpS rf mS usi;f ywJh
tcsed rf mS awmh Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wG q,f*%ef;yJ useyf gawmhw,f? a&G;aumufyrJG mS
3 ae&mtxd ta&G;rcH&if tJ'ED idk if aH &;ygwu D dk zsuyf pf+yD; ta&G;cH&oluadk wmh
woD;yk*v ~ trwftjzpf vufcrH ,fq+dk yD; vkyjf yefygw,f? tJ'v D dk pnf;urf;awG
wif;usy+f y;D a':atmifqef;pk=unfvdk Ekid if aH &;acgi;f aqmifawGudk zrf;qD;xm;wJh t
ajctaerSm a&G;aumufyu JG dk vkyw f myg? rqv wjzpfvJ wpn ygwD Ekid rf ,fwu G +f y;D
ppftyk pf u k a&G;aumufyu JG dk tavmw}uD; vkyyf gw,f? trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pD tzG@J
csKyfu a&G;aumufyrJG mS tjywftowftEkid &f awmh ppftpk;d &[m ol@uwdudk ol
ajAmifyJ csKd ;azmufygawmhw,f?
ppftpk;d &ukd qef@usiw f hJ 88 ta&;awmfyrkH mS ajray:v_y&f mS ;r_/ 'grrS [kwf
Oya'wGi;f v_y&f mS ;r_e@J Oya'y 'grrS [kwf awmwGi;f vufeufuidk t f iftm;pkawG&@J
v_y&f mS ;r_awG[m qufpyfr_ aygi;f pyfr_ tm;enf;cJw h ,f? 'ga=umifh ppftpk;d &uvnf;
awmwGi;f tiftm;pkawGtay: xm;cJw h hJ tjyKwwf u dk af &;ay:vpD qufxm;+rJ xm;cJh
w,f? ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt D ygt0if awmwGi;f vufeufuidk f tiftm;pkawG&@J
jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;/ trsdK;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;/ ygwDpHk'Drkdua&pDpepf
xlaxmifa&; qkw d mawGudk ppftpd;k &u vufeufcstnHch aH &;awmif;qkcd suef @J wk@H jyef
cJw
h ,f? 1989 ckEpS rf mS awmh ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt D wGi;f rSm +ydKuGrJ a_ y:ayguf
vmw,f? tJ'v D dk jzpfvm+yD;wJah emuf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwx D u J cGx J u G o f mG ;wJh
vufeufuidk t f iftm;pkawG[m ppftpk;d &eJ@ typftcwf&yfpaJ &;qdw k mukd vkyv f m
w,f? tJ'aD emufrmS awmh vufeufuidk t f iftm;pk awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ppftpd;dk &eJ@
9
typftcwf &yfpJa&;vkyfvkduf=uw,f? typftcwf&yfpJa&;[m +idrf;csrf;a&;
wnfaqmufwm r[kwo f vkd Oya'ytzG@J tpnf;awGudk Oya'wGi;f tzG@J tpnf;
tjzpf todtrSwjf yK+y;D Ekid if aH &;t& aqG;aEG;ajz&Si;f wmvnf; vkyw f mr[kwaf wmh
Arm jynfrmS zm;wykid ;f ig;wykid ;f Ekid if aH &;tiftm;pkawG ay:vm&jyefw,f?
90 ckEpS af &G;aumufy&JG v'f taumiftxnfazmfa&; vH;k yef;=u&if;eJ@
rSwyf kH wifxm;wJh Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wGu vlawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm; tzrf;cH&jyefw,f?
tzrf;rcHwv hJ al wGu awmcko d cl /dk jynfyxGuo f x l u G ef @J Oya'yukd a&mufomG ;=ujyef
w,f? ru'w ukad wmh e0w p+yD; tm%modr;f uwnf;u awmckv d molawGe@J
zG@J pnf;xm;Ekid cf +hJ yD;jzpfw,f?
ppftpk;d &[m 90 ckEpS af &G;aumufy&JG v'fudk vH;k 0zsuo f rd ;f zk@d e@J ppftyk pf k
rif;qufwnf+rJr,fh tajccHOya'w&yfukd &&Szd @dk trsKd ;om;nDvmcHqw dk mukd ZGwyf J
vkyyf gawmhw,f? 'g[mvuf&dS Armjynf&@J Ekid if aH &;tcif;tusi;f t±_yt f axG;
toGif tjyif t=urf;zsi;f oabmjzpfw,f?
'DvkdtwGif;a=umif;awGjzpfay:aewmukd rD;avmif&mavyifhjzpfapwJh
Ekid if w H umtjzpftysuaf wGuvnf; &Sad ew,f? 60 ckEpS af wGup+yD; urBmq h &dk , S f
vpftyk pf k tuGt J +y[ J m txGwt f xdyf a&mufcw hJ ,f? 70 ckEpS af wGusawmh ppfat;
wku fd yf JG toGit f jyif[m pwifajymif;vJvmcJw h ,f? urBmq h &dk ,S v f pftyk pf [ k m e,fcs@J
qef@usiaf &;/ trsKd ;om;vGwaf jrmufa&; v_y&f mS ;r_awGudk tjywfom;qH;k axmufcH
tm;ay;+y;D t&Sed t f [keef @J axmufcu H n
l aD e&mu qk&d , S v f pf*% dk ;f }u;D +yKd uGo J mG ;wJh
tcgrmS e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;/ trsKd ;om;vGwaf jrmufa&;/ 'Dru dk a&pD xGe;f um;a&;
wku d yf [JG m tawmfyJ tm;jywfomG ;&ygw,f? 70 ckEpS af wGrmS w±kwf jynfo@l orRw
Ekid if [ H m urBmu h v k or*~rmS w&m;0ifae&m &&Sv d mygw,f? 'gayrJh qk&d , S v f pf*% dk ;f
}u;D [m wppD+yKd uGaJ e yg+y?D 90 ckEpS af &mufwt hJ cgrmS qkAd , D uf,el , D H +yKd uGyJ gw,f?
ppfat;wku d yf v JG nf; +yD;qH;k oGm;ygw,f? tar&duefe,fcs@J orm;[m tif'cDk sKd if;em;
ppfyrJG mS cGucf u G v f ef±;_H oGm;ayr,fh ppfat;wku d yf rJG mS tompD;&oGm;wma=umifh
t&if;&Sit f yk pf rk mS a&m/ urBmrSma&m wckwnf;aom tiftm;vGeEf idk if /H wOD;wnf;
aom acgi;f aqmifq+dk yD; ol@u, dk o f l aºu;a=umfvmygw,f? olu, dk w f idk f Akvd u f s
pk;d rk;d a&; vkyaf yr,fh yg;pyfu 'Dru dk a&pDe@J vl@tcGit hf a&;ukd tjrK‡ yfxavmufatmif
ajymygawmhw,f? ppfat;wkdufyt GJ +yD;rSm EkdifiHwkdif;[m urBmhtcif;tusif;rSm
ae&m,lr_ tajymif;tvJawG vkyv f m=u&ygw,f? 'Dvu dk rBmt h cif;tusi;f ajymif;vJ
10
oGm;+y;D Ekid if w H idk ;f [m uk, d t hf qifah e&mukd xde;f odr;f a&; t"du vH;k yef;ae&wJt h csed ef @J
tajc tae[m Armjynfppftpk;d &twGuf xif&mpkid ;f cGiahf y;ovkd jzpfomG ;ygw,f?
'ga=umifh 90 ckEpS af emufyidk ;f rSm ppftpk;d &[m b,fo@l rS *±krpku d b f ;l qkw d hJ xif&mpkid ;f
ay:vpDawG csvmygw,f? ppftpkd;& uae@ajymaewJh trsdK;om;EkdifiHa&;wkd@/
rsKd ;csppf w
d "f mwf &Sio f efxufjrufa&;wk@d qw dk m ppftpk;d &xif&mpkid ;f wJh ay:vpDawG&@J
azmfjycsuyf J jzpfw,f?
uae@urBmrSm tar&duef[m ol@&@J Akv d u f sp;dk rk;d a&;ukd taumiftxnf
azmfz@dk 'Dru dk a&pDe@J vl@tcGit hf a&;ukd toHuek [ f pf&if; 0if±;dk wckwnf;&Sw d hJ pnf;
pepfwck ay:vmatmif vH;k yef;aeygw,f? Ekid if w H csKd @u tar&duefqu D a0pkudk
ar#m&f if; *sLeD,mywfwemtjzpfe@J vku d u f m ol@Eidk if t H qifah e&mukd xde;f odr;f zk@d
}udK;yrf;ygw,f? wcsKd @uawmh tar&duef&@J Akv d u f sp;dk rk;d r_udk qef@usi+f yD; urBmrSm
0if±;dk trsm;pepf&w dS hJ urBmph nf;pepfwck jzpfvmatmif vH;k yef;ae=uygw,f? tJ'D
enf;eJ@ ol@widk ;f jynf ol@trsKd ;om; tqifah e&m &Sad &;eJ@ }u;D yGm;wk;d wufa&;ukd vH;k yef;
ae=uygw,f? Ekid if cH si;f qufqaH &;rSmvnf; tpk;d &csi;f qufqaH &;ukyd J t"duxm;
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&Sw
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bmtqifah e&rS r&Sw d hJ us±;H_ Ekid if jH zpfz@dk omrsm;ygw,f?
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JG vdk nf; rsKd ;quf
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1300 jynft h a&;awmfyu kH arG;xkwv f u dk w f v hJ il ,frsKd ;qufu odyx f ;l jcm;ygw,f?
'DrsKd ;qufrmS ArmjynfwrsKd ;om;vH;k ukd pnf;vH;k apEkid cf +hJ y;D zufqpf*syefudk atmifjrif
pGm awmfveS Ef idk cf w hJ ,f? vGwv f yfa&; (jynfph w kH hJ vGwv f yfa&; jzpfwm rjzpfwm
tyxm;) ukd &&Sad tmif vH;k yef;Ekid +f yD;/ 'Dru dk a&pDa&;wku d yf u JG dk qifEEJ$ idk cf w hJ thJ xd
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vku d vf mum jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D [ke;f [ke;f awmufavmif&wJh b0ukd a&muf+y;D 'DrsKd ;quf
awG vufxufrmS yJ ArmjynfrmS ppftm%m&Sipf epfqw kd m ay:ayguv f mcJw h ,f?
11
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awG[m tJ'D 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyu kH vli,frsKd ;qufawGaemufudk ol@vw l ef;pm;/
ol@tiftm;pktvkduf qufvkdufoGm;wma=umifh aemufrsdK;qufawG[mvnf;
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1300 jynfh ta&;awmfyu kH arG;xkwv f udk w f hJ vli,frsKd ;qufawGrmS
yifu, dk rf mS uku d rwlwv hJ wl ef;pm;awGudk toD;oD; uk, d pf m;jyKvm=uygw,f? 'gayrJh
tm;vHk;[m wkdif;jynfvGwfvyfa&;twGufqkdwJh wkdif;jynfeJ@vlrsdK; (vlrsdK;pHk
jynfow l &yfv;kH ) tusKd ;twGuq f w dk hJ wlnw D t hJ usKd ;pD;yGm;twGuf uk, d u f sKd ;pGe@f +yD;
aqmif&u G cf =hJ uwma=umifh pnf;vH;k nDnw G cf =hJ uw,f? rwlwv hJ wl ef;pm;ukd uk, d pf m;
jyKvk@d ay:ayguv f mwJh yËdyuQawGudk aemufwef;ukd wGe;f yk@d xm;Ekid cf =hJ uw,f? 'gayrJh
vGwv f yfa&;&zk@d t&dyt f a&mifay:vmwJh tcsed rf mS "e&Siv f wl ef;pm;ukd uk, d pf m;jyK
olawG[m uk, d u f sKd ; =unfv h m=uw,f? vGwv f yfa&;wu,f&&if 'Dru dk a&pDudk
wu,f taumiftxnfazmf&if tm%m[m jynfo@l vufxu J dk a&muf&rSm
jzpfw,f? 'Dawmh uk, d u f sKd ;=unfh wJh "e&Siv f w l ef;pm;ukd uk, d pf m;jyKwhJ tiftm;pk[m
Ekid if aH &;tm%mukd t&,lvu dk +f yD; jynfoq l ef@usiaf &;ukd vky&f ygawmhw,f? tJ'g
a=umifh jynfou l kd vlxt k usKd ;ukd uk, d pf m;jyK+yD;wifjywJh tjrifudk vufrcHEidk ±f rkH u
jynfov l x l k tusKd ;twGuf v_y&f mS ;r_awGudk wm;qD;ydwyf ifvmw,f? 'Dvydk ËdyuQ
awG jyif;xefvmawmh tkyfpkd;olvlwef;pm;jzpfoGm;wJh zqyv tpkd;&ukd OD;
aqmifwv hJ al wG[m yËdyuQudk 'Dru dk a& pDenf;usus rajz&Si;f bJ t=urf;zufwhJ
enf;eJ@ ajz&Si;f wJt h wGuf jynfwiG ;f ppf jzpfvm &wmjzpfw,f? jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;ukd
vH;k yef;=uwJt h cgrmS vnf; tkypf ;dk ol tpk;d & tqufquf[m tjyKww f udk af &;enf;yJ
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12
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ygwt D ygt0if awmwGi;f vufeufuidk t f iftm;pkawGu axmufc}H udKqkyd gw,f?
vufawG@ taumiftxnfazmfz@dk vnf; }uKd ;pm;ygw,f? tkypf ;dk oltpk;d &tqufquf
(zqyv/ yxp/ awmfveS af &;aumifp/D rqv/ e0w/ etz) [m 'Dvadk phpyf aqG;aEG;
a&;ukd t+rJwrf;jiif;y,fygw,f? 'Duae@ trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzG@J csKyfu oifyek ;f
acsa&;/ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&; urf;vSrf;+yD;/ etzu cg;cg;oD;oD; jiif;y,faewm
[mvnf; etz [m t&iftyk pf ;dk oltqufquf&@J jynfo@l tiftm;pkawGtay:
&efvrdk ek ;f xm;a&;/ tjyKwfwu dk af &;oabmxm;ukd acgi;f rmrmyJ pGu J idk xf m;w,f
qkw d mukd azmfjywmyJ jzpfygw,f?
rsuaf rSmuftajctaerSm Armjynf[m jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;&Srd S wrsKd ;
om;vH;k pnf;vH;k nDnw G rf /S 'Dru dk a&pDxeG ;f um;rS/ urBmt h cif;tusi;f tajymif;tvJ
=um;rSm tqifah e&m &SEd idk rf mS jzpfygw,f? 'Dvjdk zpfz@dk q&kd if ppftyk pf /k ppftpk;d &/ ppftm
%m&Sipf epfudk zsuo f rd ;f ypf&rSm jzpfygw,f? ppftyk pf /k ppftm%m&Sipf epf/ ppftpk;d &
ukd xlaxmifol OD;ae0if;toufxif&mS ;&Spd Ofuwnf;u ppftyk pf u k dk tnifomqH;k
zsuf odr;f ypfz@dk tcGit hf vrf; t}udr}f udrf &cJyh gw,f?
63 jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;yGu J dk Akv
d af e0if;ppftyk pf u k oabmxm;
rSerf eS ef @J vkycf rhJ ,fq&dk if ppftyk pf u k dk nifnifomomeJ@ zsuo f rd ;f Ekid rf mS jzpfygw,f?
80 ckEpS tf pykid ;f rSm ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwOD uUÏ ocifAode;f wife@J rqv
ygwOD uUÏ OD;ae0if;wk@d awG@qakH qG;aEG;yGaJ wG atmifjrifomG ;&ifvnf; ppftyk pf u k dk
nifnifomom zsuo f rd ;f Ekid rf mS jzpfygw,f?
88 ta&;awmfyu kH mvrSm =um;jzwftpk;d &w&yfudk xlaxmifEidk &f ifvnf;
ppftyk pf u k dk nifnifomom zsuo f rd ;f Ekid rf mS jzpfygw,f?
90 ckEpS f a&G;aumufy&JG v'fudk taumiftxnfazmf&ifvnf; ppftyk pf u k dk
nifnifomom zsuo f rd ;f Ekid rf mS jzpfygw,f? Akv d af e0if;aemuf ppftyk pf x k yd o f ;D eHygwf
(1) ae&mukd qufcw H hJ Akv d o f ef;a&$[m ppftyk pf u k dk zsuo f rd ;f vkw d hJ qENr&S±d rkH u
ppftyk pf t k m%m yk+d rzJ @dk ppftyk pf rk if;quftwGuf tmrcHcsuaf y;r,fh tajccHOya'ukd
twif;tusyf csrw S t f wnfjyKz@dk vH;k yef;aeygw,f? 'Dvv dk yk &f wmvnf; Akv d of ef;a&$
&J@ uk, d u f sKd ;pD;yGm;twGuyf J jzpfaejyefygw,f? Ekid if aH &;tm%m/ wkid ;f jynf&@J t&if;
tES;D b¾ma&;ukd Akv d o f ef;a&$ vuf0g;}u;D tkyx f m;Ekid w f mukd vufvw G f rcHcsiv f @dk
jzpfygw,f?
13
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pD xGe;f um;zk@d qw dk m ppftyk pf &k @J tajrmftjrif&EdS ;dk &SEd ;dk eJ@ ar#mu f ;dk vk@d r&ovkd ppftpk;d &
ukd qef@usiw f hJ tiftm;pkawGuvnf; }u}J uu J u JG eJG @J olwayguf uk, d wf ayguf uk, d f
xifovkd ppftpk;d &ukd qef@usiv f @dk rjzpfb;l qkw
d m tawG@t}uHKawGu oifcef;pm
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t"duyËdyuQjzpfygw,f? ppftpk;d &ukq d ef@usiw f hJ tiftm;pkawGu=dk unf&h if xif
omjrifom tiftm;pkawGtjzpf Oya'wGi;f tiftm;pk/ Oya'ytiftm;pke@J Oya'
wGi;f vkv d dk Oya'yvkv d dk zm;wykid ;f ig;wykid ;f typftcwf&yfpx J m;wJh tiftm;pkawG
&Sad eygw,f? Oya'y tiftm;pkawGrmS jynfya&muftiftm;pkawG/ typftcwf
r&yfxm;wJh tiftm;pkawG/ ajratmuftzG@J tpnf;awG pwmawG &Syd gw,f? ppftyk f
pkukd rvkv d m;ayr,fh xifomjrifomrjzpfwhJ tiftm;pkawGuawmh tpk;d & tr_xrf;
awG/ wyfrawmfxu J wyfrLS ;wyfom;awG/ &Jwyfz@JG xu J tiftm;awG/ }uH@z@HG xu J
tiftm;pkawG jzpfygw,f?
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csut f jzpfxm;um wjcm;yËdyuQawGudk aemuf wef;yk@d xm;Ekid &f if bHv k yk if ef;pOf
qkdwm ay:aygufEkdifrSm rvGJyg? EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pk wckeJ@wck tmCmwxm;/
*k%
d ;f *%eJ@qufqcH =hJ uwmawGudk a&Smif&mS ;Ekid &f ygr,f? ol jzL&if igrnf;r,fqw dk hJ
oabmxm;awG ajzazsmufEidk =f u&ygr,f? remvkd 0efwpdk w d af wG ajzazsmuf&ygr,f?
vufeufuidk f wku d yf qJG ifwt hJ zG@J tcsi;f csi;f pnf;vH;k =u&ygr,f? typftcwf &yfxm;
wJhtzGJ@eJ@ typftcwfr&yfwJhtzGJ@ tcsif;csif;em;vnfr_ wnfaqmuf&ygr,f?
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Oya'wGi;f tiftm;pk tcsi;f csi;f vnf; pnf;vH;k =u&ygr,f? tiftm;pkwcku vkyw f hJ
v_y&f mS ;r_[m wjcm;tiftm;pkwcktwGuf taESmift h ,Suf jzpfomG ;wmrsKd ; rjzpf
atmif *±kpd u dk =f u&ygr,f? tiftm;pktcsi;f csi;f vufwv JG yk v
f @dk &wJt h vkyu f p
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bHv k yk if ef;pOfwck[m ay: ayguv f mrSm jzpfw,f?
wenf;ajym&if vlwef;pm;vl@tv$mtoD;oD;[m rdrv d w l ef;pm; vl@
tv$mtvdu k f toif;tyif;zG@J pnf;=uzk@d jzpfw,f? ajAmifz@JG pnf;cGirhf &&if vsKS @d 0u S f
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vl@ tv$mtoD;oD;[m uspv f pfcidk rf mwJh Ekid if aH &;ygwaD wG/ toif;tyif;tzG@J tpnf;
awG xlaxmif+yD; ppftyk pf zk suo f rd ;f a&;ukd OD;wnfxm;&if wlnw D hJ OD;wnfcsuu f dk
&&Srd mS jzpfygw,f? tiftm;pktm;vH;k [m ppftyk pf zk suo f rd ;f a&;ukd OD;wnfcsux f m;+y;D
jynfov l x l t k usKd ;ukd 0kid ;f 0ef; onfy;dk =uzk@d vydk gw,f? vlwef;pm;toD;oD; vl@tv¸m
toD;oD;&J@ tiftm;pkawG[m jynfov l x l k w&yfv;Hk tusK;d ukd 0kid ;f 0ef;onfy;dk =u&rSm
jzpfygw,f? uk, d hf vlwef;pm;tiftm;pkudk uk, d pf m;jyK&if; jynfov l x l t k usKd ;ukd
OD;xdyx f m;=uzk@d jzpfygw,f? vlrsKd ;pktiftm;pkawG (wu,fu vlwef;pm; vl@tzG@J
tpnf;awGygy?J ) [m uk, d v hf rl sKd ;&J@ xl;jcm;csuu f dk ukid pf +JG yD; wjynfv;kH jynfov l l
xktusKd ;ukd wwyfwtm; yg0ifxrf;aqmif=uzk@d jzpfygw,f? 'Dvv dk yk Ef idk zf @dk q&dk if
tiftm;pktm;vH;k [m uk, d u f sKd ;pGe@f +y;D / trsm;tusKd ;/ jynfov l x
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&Gurf ,fqw dk hJ pdw"f mwf/ tjrif/ enf;emawG &Sio f efz@dk vkyd gw,f?
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&if tmCmw/ *k% d ;f *%/ rmefrmeawGudk csKd ;ESrd yf pfomG ;Ekid yf gvrd rhf ,f? tJ'gq&dk if
wrsKd ;om;vH;k pnf;vH;k nDnw G +f yD; ygwpD kH 'Dru dk a&pDpepfuv dk nf; azmfaqmifEifdk rf mS
jzpfygw,f?
1300 jynft h a&;awmfy/kH zufqpf*syefawmfveS af &;/ vGwv f yfa&; atmifyJG
awG &&SEd idk w f t hJ xd pGr;f aqmifEidk w f hJ aqmify'k [ f m trsm;tusKd ;aqmifr,f/ uk, d f
usKd ;ukd pGe@f y,fr,fqw dk hJ aqmify'k f jzpfw,fqw dk hJ orkid ;f oifcef;pm &Sad eygw,f?
'DtpOftvmaumif;ukd xde;f odr;f +yD; wk;d yGm;oGm;atmif vkyaf qmif=u&ygr,f?
'Dvv dk yk &f if bHv k yk if ef;pOf[m taumiftxnfay:vmygvrd rhf ,f?
urBmt h a&;tcif;ukd *±kwpku d f cGjJ crf;pdwjf zm+yD; yx0DEidk if aH &;t& uk, d hf
wkid ;f jynfwjynfv;kH / trsKd ;om;w&yfv;kH tusKd ;&Sad patmif vkyaf qmifwwf& ygr,f?
'Dvv dk yk af qmifcsiw f hJ rsKd ;cspjf ynfcsppf w d "f mwfe@J uk, d u f sKd ;pGe@f +y;D tvkyv f yk f oGm;=u&yg
r,f? ?
10-7-2007

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