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jcif;jzifhom taumiftxnf azmfEdik fw,f?

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‚tEkyÉdavmr ±kyf0g'‛
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tbd"rRmqdkwm[m vlom;wkd@&J@ urBm@tjrifygyJ?

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3
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uae jzpfay:vm=uwmcsnf;yJ? ±kyfj'yfrhw J Jh pGrf;tifqkdwmr&Sd/ pGrf;tifrhw
J Jh ±kyfj'yfqkdwmvnf;r&Sdygbl;?

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aumiftxnfe@J trSefwu,fwnf&aSd e=uw,f? toGiftrsKd;rsKd;eJ@ jzpfwnfae=uw,f? vlom;awGuom ±kyjf 'yfukd tm&kHcHrr_ S wqifh
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nmu oufaojyEkid fcJh+yD;jzpfw,f? tapmqkH;umvrS ouf&SdawG&J@ ±kd;±kd;toGifo¾efrsm;rSwqifh qifhuJajymif;vJwkd;wufr_ jzpfpOfudk
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awG[m vlom;&J@ OD;aESmufxJukd a&mifjyef[yf+yD; 'Dvkd OD;aESmuf&J@ wkef@jyefv_yf&mS ;r_[m vlom;tawG;tac:awG&J@ tajccHjzpfw,f?
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oD;ukd jzwfoef;cJh&w,f? (vlawG&J@ pdwfxJokd@ a&mifjyef[yfjcif;ukd ,EW&m;qefqef a=u;rkHjyifa&mifjyef[yfwmrsKd; em;rvnfoifhbl;?)

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&mawGtjzpf &Sad ew,f?

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(15) (tEkyÉdavmr r[kwfwJh) wuUaA'csOf;uyfr_eJ@ qef@usifpGm tEkyÉdavmr±kyf0g'&J@ tckdiftrm oGifjyifvuQ%mtcsKd@ukd &Sif;&Sif;vif;

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5
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6
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7
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pm;rxkd;Ekid fyg?)

(34) vlom;wkd@&J@ xkwfvkyaf &;vkyfaqmifru _ kd u|efawmfw@kd pOf;pm;ajymqkdwJhtcgrSm vlom;qkdwm vl@tzG@J tpnf;qkdif&m vlom;tjzpf &nf
n$ef; qkdvdwk myg? 'g[m±kd;&Sif;vSwJhtrSefw&m;wpf&yfygyJ? 'ga=umifhrkd@ xkwfvkyfa&;qkdwm[mvnf; vl@tzG@J tpnf;qkdif&m xkwfvkyfa&;
vkd@ t"dyg` ,f&ygw,f? vlyk*~dKvfwpfOD;csif; ta=umif;av;awGavhvm+yD; orkdif;tod r&Ekdifyg? vl@tzG@J tpnf;0if vlom;awGta=umif;
em;vnfrSom &Ekdifygw,f?

(35) vlr_xkwfvkyfa&;rSm tajccHyg0if&mtykid f; (3) ykid f; &Syd gw,f? ‚if;wk@d uawmh (1) vlom;vkyt
f m; (2) obm0 (ajr,m/ uke=f urf; tp&Sd
onfrsm;) eJ@ 3? ukefxkwfud&d,mrsm; (vufeufu&d,mrsm;/ pufe@J pGrf;tif tp&Sdonfw@kd ) jzpfygw,f? odye`H J@ enf;ynmqkdif&m tody
nm[m vkyftm;&J@ ukefxkwfprG f;&nfukd t}uD;tus,fjrifhrm; wkd;wufapwma=umifh ol@ukdvnf; vkyftm;&J@ tpdwftykdif;wpf&yf
tjzpf =unfhjrifoifhw,f? 'Dt&mawGtm;vkH;[m xkwfvkyfa&;&J@ pGrf;tm;pk (okd@r[kwf) ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pkacgif;pOfatmuf twlwuG
yg0if=uw,f?

(36) vlr_xkwfvkyfa&;twGif; vlom;tcsif;csif;=um;rSm &Sif;vif;wduswJh qufqHr_awG &Sv

d mw,f? puf±kHyikd f&SifeJ@ tvkyform;awG&J@ quf
qHa&; v,form;awGeJ@ ajr&SifawGt=um; qufqHa&;/ tkycf sKyfa&;rª;eJ@ 0efxrf;awGt=um; qufqHa&;eJ@ rwljcm;em;wJh tvkyform;
tv$mawG=um;u qufqHa&;awmifyg0ifwJh qufqHa&;awGtm;vkH;ukd tJovkdrsKd; ukefxkwfqufqaH &;&J@ Oyrmrsm;tjzpf a,bl,s
Oyrmay;Ekdifw,f? txl;ojzifh ‚if;wk@d txJrS ta&;}uD;qkH; qufqHa&;uawmh ajr&SifeJ@t&if;&Sifwkd@uJhokd@ ukefxkwfypPnf;ykdif&SifawGeJ@
tvkyform;/ v,form;awG=um;u qufqHa&;awGyjJ zpfw,f? 'DqufqHa&;awG[m "eypPnf;qufqHa&;rsm; (wpfenf;tm;jzifh) ukef
xkwfypPnf; w&m;0ifykdifqkdifre_ J@ eD;eD;uyfuyf qufpyfaew,f?

(37) ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pke@J ukex

f kwfqufqHa&;wkd@[m vlr_p;D yGm;a&; taqmufttkHudk jyÏmef;xlaqmuf&mrSm twlwuG yg0ifae=uw,f?
(vlr_p;D yGm;a&;taqmufttkHqw kd m ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pke@J ukefxkwfqufqHa&;udk aygif;ac:xm;wmygyJ?)

xkwfvkyaf &;enf;em
(38) ukex f kwfprG f;tm;pkrsm;eJ@ ‚if;wk@d eJ@ qkdif&mqkdif&m ukefxkwfqufqHrr_ sm;&J@ rwljcm;em;whJ jzpfxGef;wkd;wufr_ tqifhumvrsm; tvkduf
vlrx_ kwfvkyfa&;&J@ vuQ%m[m ajymif;vJoGm;wwfwma=umifh tckdiftrm acwfumvwpfckrSm&SdwJh vlr_pD;yGm;a&; taqmufttkHudk
xkwv f kyfa&;enf;emtjzpf ykid f;jcm;owfrSwf=uygw,f? (aus;u|efacwf xkwfvkyfa&;enf;em/ ya'o&mZfacwf xkwfvkyfa&;enf;em/ t
&if;&Sifacwf xkwfvkyfa&;enf;em) 'geJ@tvm;wl ukefxkwfvkyaf &;enf;emawG[m orkdif;acwfumvawGtvkduf trsKd;tpm;uGJjym;jcm;
em;aew,fqw kd m &Sif;aeygw,f?

(39) vlrp_ D;yGm;a&; taqmufttkHeJ@ xkwfvkyfa&;enf;emwkd@u vlr_b0&J@tajccHtkwfjrpfudk jyXmef;vdkufonf? t&if;ppfvu dk f&if 'g[mvlr_
jzpfxGef;wk;d wufa&;&J@ OD;wnfcsufukd qkH;jzwfwJh t"dutusqkH; ta=umif;t&if;jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifhrkd@ ol@ukd vl@tzG@J tpnf; &J@ tajccH
(okd@r[kwf) vl@tzGJ@tpnf;&J taqmufttkHvd@k ac:=uwmygyJ?

(40) ‚vlrb _ 0&J@ tjcm;toGiftjyiftm;vkH; (EkdifiHawmf/ EkdifiHa&;pepf/ w&m;a&;qkdif&m Oya'rsm;/ t,ltqrsm;eJ@ tawG;tac:/ ,Ofaus; r_/
bmoma&;/ vlrx _ kH;wrf;pOfvmeJ@ wefzd;k ) qkdwJh 'Dt&mtm;vkH;[m tajccHp;D yGm;a&;taqmufttkHuae ay:xGufvm=uw,f?
tajccHp;D yGm;a&; taqmufttkHay:rSm tajccH=uw,f? 'ga=umifhrkd@ 'Dt&mtm;vkH;ukd tay:xyf taqmufttkHvd@k ac:=uw,f? Oyrm
a&S;OD; uGefjrLepfacwfumv tqifhwek f;u Ekid fiHawmfqkdwmr&Sd/ pkaygif;vlrb _ 0&J@ a&S;OD;toGifo¾efawGy&J w
Sd ,f? Oyrm (Gram
sabhas, tribal panchayats.) pwmawGjzpfw,f? bk&ifawGeJ@ zdESdyfa&;ud&d,mawGvJr&Sdbl;? aus;u|efpepfrmS ay:aygufvm+yDjzpfwhJ
Ekid fiHawmf[m aus;u|efawGudk zdESdyfwJhu&d d,myJ ‘*&d’eJ@ ‘a&mr’wkd@rSm 'Drkdua&pDpepf&SdcJhayr,fh 'g[m aus;u|efykdif&iS fawG twGuf
omjzpfw,f? ya'o&mZfpepfatmufrmS Ekid fiHawmftm%m[m bk&ifhvufxJrSm&Sd+yD; ajr,mykdifqkdifr_pepfe@J ukdufnDatmifvkyfxm;
w,f/ 'Drkdua&pDr&Sdbl;? oufOD;qHyikd fpepf&@J tm%mcGJa0owfrSwfxm;wJh tzG@J tpnf;wpf&yfy&J w Sd ,f? t&if;&Sifpepf atmufrmS awmh
tvkyform; vkyfom;jynfolawGtwGuf tcGifhta&;rsm; t}uD;tus,favsmhyg;jcif;eJ@twl "e&Sif'Drkdua&pD ay:aygufcJhw,f?

8
 vlrp_ D;yGm;a&;zGJ@wnfr_rsm;qkid f&m t,ltq
(41) tajccHtaqmufttkH/ tay:xyftaqmufttkHeJ@ ‚if;wk@d tay:rSm trSjD yKaewJh vlr_b0wkd@ukdpkaygif;+yD; vlr_p;D yGm;a&;zGJ@wnfr_vkd@ ac:
ygw,f?

(42) vlawG[m olwkd@b0&J@ vlr_xkwfvkyaf &;twGif;rSm ckdifrmwduswJh qufqHa&;rsm;twGif; 0ifa&mufyg0ifvm=u&w,f? 'DqufqHa&;rsm;

[m olwkd@&J@ qENryg&ifvJ rjzpfovkd olwkd@&J@qENeJ@ trStD ckduif;pGmvnf; jzpfae=uw,f? 'DqufqHa&;awG[m ‚if;wk@d &J@ &kyyf ikd f;qkdif&m
ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pk jzpfxGef;wk;d wufr_&@J tckdiftrm tqifhumveJ@ ukdufnDpGm jzpfay:aewJh ukefxkwfqufqHa&;awGjzpf=uw,f? 'Dukef
xkwfqufqaH &; pkpkaygif;u vl@tzG@J tpnf;&J@ pD;yGg;a&;tqmufttkHudk jyÏmef;ay;w,f? 'g[m Oya'qkdif&meJ@ Ekid fiHa&;qkdif&m tay:
v$m taqmufttkH wpf&yf ay:xGufvmapwJh wu,fhtajccH tkwfjrpfjzpfw,f? tJ't D ajccHeJ@ ukdufnDwJh vlr_todqkdif&m tckdiftrm
yko
H ¾efawG ay:vmw,f? ±kyfyikd f;qkdif&mb0twGuf ukefypPnf;rsm; xkwfvkyfa&;enf;emu vlrq _ kdif&m/ Ekid fiHa&;qkdif&meJ@ ynma&;
qkdif&m b0jzpfpOfawGudk a,bk,stm;jzifh tqkH;tjzwfay;w,f? vlawG&J@ todu olwkd@&J@b0ukd qkH;jzwfjyÏmef;wmr[kwf? ajymif;
jyefbJ olwkd@&J@ vlr_a&;b0u olwdk@&J@todudk qkH;jzwfjyÏmef;wmjzpfw,f?‛(rmhufpfa&;om; wJh Ekid fiHa&;abm*aA'a0zefa&; ‘trSmpm’
(1859) vufa&G;pifusrf;/ pmrsufESm 182)

(43) txufyg aumufEkwfcsufxJu txl;tav;xm;&r,fh ‘vlr_b0u vlr_todukd qkH;jzwfjyÏmef;w,f’ qkdwhJ tcsu[ f m rmhufpf0g'&J@
tvGefta&;}uD;wJh t,ltqwpf&yfjzpfw,f? orkdif;vrf;a=umif;ukd todpdwf"gwf (t,ltqrsm;eJ@ tawG;tac:rsm;) wpfckxJu qkH;
jzwfwmr[kwfyJ vl@tzG@J tpnf;xJrSm trSefwu,f wnf&aSd ewJht&mawGu aemufqH;k ydwf twnfjyKtqkH;tjzwf jyKvkdufwmomjzpf
w,f? 'Dt,ltq[m tEkyÉdavmr±ky0f g'&J@ rlawGudk tckdiftrm tokH;jyKvkdufjcif;jzpfw,f?

tajccHtaqmufttkeH J@ tay:xyftaqmufttkH
(44) pD;yGg;a&; tajccHtaqmufttkHeJ@ tay:xyftaqmufttkH oabmw&m;ukd orkdif;rSm tay:xyftaqmufttkH&J@ tcef;r&Sdbl; qkdwJh
t"dy`g,foufa&mufapatmif taygpm; t"dy`g,fzGifhwmrsKd; (Vuigarised) rjzpfoifhbl;vk@d rmhupf feJ@ tdef*s,f wkd@u xyfcgwvJvJ t
av;xm;ajymcJh=uw,f? trSeftwkdif;qkd&if Ekid fiHawmf/ tawG;tac:/ vlr_x;kH wrf;"avhrsm; rwljcm;em;aom jynfolvlxktkyfprk sm;&J@
aexkdifyH/k pOf;pm;ykH pwmawGtm;vkH;yg0ifwJh tay:xyftaqmufttkH[m orkdif;rSm tvGefta&;}uD;wJhtcef;u yg0ifaew,f? wpfOD;
csif; vlyk*dK~ vfrsm;/ acgif;aqmifrsm;/ tbd"rRm&Sifrsm; tp&Sdow
l kd@&J@ jyKrlaqmif&u
G fr_rsm;uawmifrS zG@H +zdK;wkd;wufr_awGtay: =oZmouf
a&mufw,f? twkdcsKyftm;jzifh tajccHtaqmufttkHu orkdif;&J@ tajccHOD;wnfr_rSm tqkH;tjzwfjyKEkid fwJh ta&;ygr_&SdaewmeJ@ wpfcsdef
wnf;rSm tay:xyftaqmufttkHuvJ umvtoD;oD;awGrSm enf;vrf;toD;oD;awGeJ@ orkdif;OD;wnfcsufukd =oZmoufa&mufapEkdif
w,f? tajccHtaqmufttkHeJ@ tay:xyftaqmufttkHwkd@[m wpfckay:wpfck oufa&mufr_awGeJ@ wkef@jyefoufa&mufr_awG&Sd
=uw,f?

vl@tzG@J tpnf;qkdif&meJ@ orkdif;qkdif&m jzpfxGef;wk;d wufr_wdkif;ukd omrefpD;yGg;a&; ta=umif;t&if;rsm;tjzpf av#mhcsjypfjcif;&J@ }uD;av;

vSwJh trSm;ukd tde*f s,f u ol@&J@ vufa&G;pifay;pmrsm;xJrmS xnfhoGif;xkwfa0cJhwhJ ausmf=um;vSwJh‘bavmhcsfxH ay;pmrsm;’ xJrSm
owday;xm;cJhw,f?

Ekid fiHawmf
(45) EkdifiHawmf[m tay:xyftaqmufttkHxu J t"du tpdwftykdif;wpfckjzpfw,f? 'gayr,fh Ekid fiHawmfqkdwm vlom;orkid f;&J@ tapmqkH;
umvrSm jzpfwnfcJhwm r[kwf? yk*~vduykid fypPnf;eJ@ vlwef;pm;awG ay:aygufvm+yD;wJhaemufrSom Ekid fiHawmf[m jzpfwnfay:ayguf
vmwmjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh EkdifiHawmf[m vlwef;pm; vl@tzGJ@tpnf;&J@ txGuf&v'fwpfckyJjzpfw,f?

(46) t&if;cHtm;jzifh Ekid fiHawmf[m vl@tzGJ@tpnf;tay:tkypf ;kd a&;eJ@ &efbufvlwef;pm;wkd@tay: zdESdyfa&;wkd@twGuf tkypf ;kd olvw l ef;pm;
awG&J@vufxJu vufeufud&, d mwpfckjzpfw,f? aoG;pkyrf _&dw
S Jh vl@tzG@J tpnf;wpf&yfrmS EkdifiHawmf[m tvkyfvkyfuikd fol vlwef;pm;
awGtay: ESdyfuGyfzd@k twGuf zdESdyfolvlwef;pm;awG&J@ vufxJu &ufpuf=urf=uKwfwJh vufeufjzpfw,f? tESpcf sKyfqkd&&if Ekid fiHawmf
qkdwm pk;d rk;d tkycf sKyfolvlwef;pm;&J@ tm%m&SifpepfvuQ%m&Sad ew,f? t&if;&Sif vl@tzGJ@tpnf;rSmqkd&if Ekid fiHawmf[m "e&Siftm%m
&Sifpepf&@J tvkyfwm0efawGudk xrf;aqmif&w,f? qkd&S,fvpf vl@tzG@J tpnf;rSmqkd&if Ekid fiHawmf[m ypPnf;rJh tm%m&Sifpepfukd ukd,f
pm;jyKw,f? Ekid fiHawmfu csKyfukdxm;wJh t"duzdESdyfa&;vufeufawGuawmh t+rJwef; wyfrawmf/ ykvdyw f yfzJ@G / tusOf;axmifrsm;eJ@
Oya'rsm; pwmawGy?J

(47) EkdifiHawmf&@J tESpfom&ykdif;ukd tomxm; EkdifiHawmfukd o¾efydik f;t&=unfhr,fq&kd if 'Do¾efawG[m wkdif;jynf&J@ xl;jcm;csufeJ@ orkdif;
tajctaexl;jcm;csufawGtay: rlwnf+yD; wkdif;jynftvkduf umvtvkduf trsKd;rsKd;uGJae=urSm jzpfw,f? ya'o&mZfpepf/ bk&ifpepf/

9
 orRwpepf/ ygvDrefpepf/ ajAmifuswJh zufqpftm%m&Sifpepf pojzihf &Scd Jh=uwmjzpfw,f? qkd&S,fvpfawmfvSefa&; acwfumvtwGif;
rSmvJ Ekid fiHawmftm%mrSm xl;jcm;wJhtoGifo¾ef trsKd;rsKd;&Sd=uw,f?

tqufrjywf}uD;xGm;vmaewJh tiftm;pkrsm;
(48) ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pkeJ@ xkwfvkyfa&;qufqrH _wkd@[m t&mudpPwpfckwnf;rSm aygif;pnf;nDnGwfr_&d=S uw,f? tJ'n
D DnGwfr_a=umifh xkwf
vkyfa&;enf;empepfwpf&yf&yf wnf&w Sd kd;wufwJh umv&SnftwGif;rSm ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;pk[m t}uD;tus,fwkd;wufvmw,f? ukef
xkwfprG f;tm;pk }uD;xGm;wkd;wufr_e@J vkdufavsmnDaxGpGm ukefxkwfqufqHa&;tajctaeawGrmS vnf; tajymif;tvJawG jzpfvmw,f?
(ukefxkwfqufqaH &;awGudk tajccHvlr_qufqaH &;rsm;tjzpfvnf; a,bk,stm;jzifh &Sif;jyEkid fw,f?) wkd;wufa&;acwfumvrsm;&J@ vl
r_b0twGif;rSm t}uD;tus,f wkd;wufajymif;vJr_awG&Sdw,f? aemuf+yD; ,Ofaus;r_/ ody`HeJ@ vlaer_b0 t&nftaoG; (tqifhtwef;)
pwmawG[m pD;yGg;a&;taqmufttkH wkd;wufvmr_eJ@twl a0a0qmqm zG@J +zdK;wkd;wufvmr_udk awG@Eikd fw,f?

tajccH yÉdyuQ
(49) 'gayr,fh xkwfvyk fa&;ypPnf;ud&d,m/ enf;vrf;rsm;eJ@ ‚if;wk@d tay:rSaD ewhJ ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;pkrsm;aumif;rGefvmr_ tvsiftjrefw;kd wuf
vmr_eJ@wygwnf; yÉdyuQawG[mvnf; jyif;xefonf;oefvmw,f? txl;ojzifh ukefxkwfqufqaH &; ta[mif;awG[m topf
ayguzf Gm; }uD;xGm;jrifhrm;vmaewJh ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;awG&J@ vkdtyfcsufeJ@ ukdufnDEdik fzkd@ vkH;0rvkHavmufawmhbl;?

‚vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif;&Sd ±kyyf ikd f;qkdif&m ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pkrsm;onf jzpfxGef;wk;d wufaepOf wpkHw&mtqifhwpfckokd@a&muf

vmaomtcg wnfqJuek fxkwfqufqHa&;rsm; (okd@r[kwf) (‚if;ukyd if w&m;Oya' ±_axmifh tac:ta0:t&qkdv#if wpfav#mufv;kH usifh
okH;vmcJhaom) "eOpPm qufqHa&;rsm;ESifh twkduftcH yÉdyuQjzpfvmawmhonf? TqufqaH &;rsm;onf ukefxkwfpGr;f tm;pkrsm;wkd;
wufa&;twGuf wGef;tm;tjzpfrS aESmif}udK;tjzpfokd@ ajymif;oGm;awmhonf? TwGif vlr_awmfvSefa&;acwf}uD;wpfck pygawmhonf? ‛
(rmhupf fa&;om;wJh ‚Ekid fiHa&;abm*aA' a0zefcsuf trSmpm‛ rS)

(50) }uD;xGm;zG@H +zdK;vmaewJh ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pku ukefxkwfqufqaH &;ta[mif;wk@d &J@ aESmif}udK;rsm;ukd tykid f;ykdif; zsufqD;ypfw,fqkdwhJ 'Dt
,ltqtm; taumiftxnfrhJ tiftm;pkESp&f yfw@kd tjyeftvSef wkdufckduaf ejcif;tjzpf r=unfhjrifoihfbl;qkdwm &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;em;
vnfxm;zk@d vkdw,f? vl@tzG@J tpnf;xJrSmeJ@ vlwef;pm;wku d fyGJxJrmS vlwef;pm;yÉdyuQawG onf;oefjyif;xefvmr_ o¾efe@J 'DyÉdyuQudk
taumiftxnf&d&S dS awG@Eikd fw,f? aemuf+yD; vlwef;pm; wkdufyJu G , kd fwkdifuvnf; 'DyÉdyuQ&@J az:jycsuw
f pf&yfjzpfw,f?

(51) 'DtajccH 'DyÉdyuQ[m tqkH;tjzwfjyKwJhtqifhwpf&yfo@kd rar#mfvihfyJ ±kwfw&uf a&mufvmwmr[kwf/ jyif;xefonf;oefwJh xdyfwkduf

awG@r_eJ@ r+idrrf ouf qly&l _yfaxG;r_&@J &Snfvsm;vSwJh jzpfpOfwpfckuae tJ'tD qkH;tjzwfuswJh tqifhukd a&mufvmwmjzpfw,f? 'Dwkduyf GJ
awG[m pD;yGg;a&;b0 e,fy,fwGif;rSmom &Sw d mr[kwf/ Ekid fiHa&;e,fy,f/ tawG;tac:e,fy,feJ@ tjcm;e,fy,ftm;vkH;rSmvnf; &Sd
w,f?

(52) uGefjrLepfygwD a=unmpmwrf;xJrSm atmufygtwkdif; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; az:jyxm;ygw,f?

‚,ae@xufwikd f wnf&aSd eaom vl@tzG@J tpnf;tm;vkH;. orkdif;onf vlwef;pm;wkdufyGJrsm;. orkdif;jzpfayonf? vlwef;pm;wkdufyrGJ sm;
. orkdif;yifjzpfayonf? vGwfvyfolESifh aus;u|ef/ rif;nD rif;om;ESifh vlomrefrsm;/ t&SifocifEiS fh v,fu|ef/ vufr_ynmonfESifh
usbrf;tvkyform;/ wcGef;wnf;ESifh qkd&v#if zdESdyfolESifh tzdESdyfcHrsm;onf wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; tpOft+rJ qef@usifbufjzpfae=uum zk;H
uG,fI wpfrsKd;/ twdtvif;jzifhwpfzkH tqufrjywf wkdufckdufcJh=uonf? Twku d fyGJwdik f;onf vl@tzG@J tpnf;wpfckvkH;ukd awmfvSefaom
jyefvnf wnfaqmufjcif; (okd@r[kwf) wkdufckdufaeaom vlwef;pm;rsm;yg wpfygwnf; qkH;&_;H ysufp;D jcif;wkd@jzifh tqkH;owfavh&Sdonf?‛
vkd@ &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f?

'ga=umifhrkd orkdif;ukd em;vnfzkd@qkd&if u|efawmfw@kd [m vlwef;pm;eJ@ vlwef;pm;wku

d fyGJwkd@&J@ tcef;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm=unfhzkd@vkdygw,f?

vlwef;pm; eJ@ vlwef;pm; wku

d fyJG
(53) vlwef;pm;awGqwkd m bmvJ? (}uD;jrwfaom tpjyKcsu)f qkdwhJ usrf;xJrmS vDeifu (‘vlwef;pm;’awG qkdonfrmS oufqkdif&m orkdif;
acwf. vlr_xkwfvkyfa&;pepfxJwGif ‚if;wk@d rnfonfhae&mu yg0ifaeovJ/ (trsm;tm;jzifh wnfwHr_&+Sd yD; Oya't& owfrSwfxm;
avh&Sdwwfovkd) xkwfvkyfa&;ypPnf;rsm;ESifh ‚if;wk@d rnfokd@oufqkdifaeovJ/ vl@tzG@J pnf;qdkif&m vkyftm;zG@J pnf;r_pepfxJwGif ‚if;wdk@
rnfonfth cef;u¾u yg0ifovJ/ xdk@tjyif tusdK;quftaejzifh vl@tzG@J tpnf;. OpPm"exJrS ‚if;wk@d a0pk rnfokd@&ovJ/ rnfr#twkdif;
twm&ovJæ[lonfhtcsufrsm;tay: rlwnfum toD;oD;uGJjym;ae=uaom vltpkta0;}uD;rsm;jzpfavonf) vkd@&Sif;jy cJhw,f?

10
 vl@tzG@J tpnf;rSm vlwef;pm;trsKd;rsKd;&Sd=uw,f? Oyrm – tvkyform;/ v,form;/ t&if;&Sif/ ajr&Sifæ ponfjzifh vlwef;pm;
toDoD;wk@d xJrSmvnf; vl@tv$mtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdae=ujyefw,f? Oyrm– u|efawmfwkd@ ygwDvkyif ef;pOfxJrSm "e&Sif}uD;/ tvwfv$m "e&SifeJ@
"e&Sifaygufpukefonfrsm;pwJh tv$mawG&J@ tcef;ukd az:jyxm;w,f? tJovkdyJ csr;f omv,form;/ tvwfv$mv,form;eJ@ qif;&J
om;v,form; pwmawG&J@ tcef;ukdvnf; az:jyxm;ygw,f? u|efawmfw@kd [m rmhufpf0g'Drsm;taeeJ@ vlwef;pm;rsm;eJ@ trsKd;rsKd; uGJjym;
jcm;em;ae=uwJh tv$mwk@d &J@ tcef;u¾ukd avhvm=u&r,f? (u|efawmfw@kd wkdif;jynfu vlwefpm;rsm;eJ@ tjcm;ZmwfrsKd;EG,f/ bmom
a&;tkypf krsm; pwmawGuJhod@k tkypf kawGt=um; uGJjym;jcm;em;r_udk &Sif;jy=u&r,f?)

(54) 'Dta=umif;awGa=umifh &efbufvw l ef;pm;awG=um;u yÉdyuQawGeJ@ awmfvSefa&;tqifhxd a&muf&SdapwJh 'DyÉdyuQawG&J@ onf;oefjyif;

r_ukd em;vnfrSom orkdif;a=umif;ajymif;vJr_ukd em;vnfrSmjzpfw,f?

Ekid fiHa&; tawG;tac:wkdufyGJ

(55) awmfvSefwJh ajymif;vJr_}uD;ukdjzpfapwJh 'DyÉdyuQawG&J@ xufjrufonf;oefvmaer_[m pD;yGm;a&;e,fy,frSmom txift&Sm;jzpfay:ae
wmr[kwf/ wkdufyJ[G m Ekid fiHa&;e,fy,frmS yg jzpfay:vmw,f? bma=umifhvqJ kdawmh b,fawmfvSefa&;rSmrqkd tqkH;tjzwfuswJhjy\
em[m Ekid fiHawmftm%m jy\emjzpfv@kd yJ? ukefxkwfqufqaH &;ta[mif;ukd ukd,fpm;jyKaewJh tkyfp;kd olvlwef;pm;awG ±_;H ESrd fh+yD; wkd;
wufjzpfxGef;aewJh xkwfvkyfa&;enf;emudk udk,fpm;jyKaewJh opfvGifwJh vlwefpm;awGu Ekid fiHawmftm%mudk &,lEdik fwJhtcg usawmh
rSomv#if awmfvSefa&;[m atmifyJ&G wmjzpfw,f?

zdESdyfolvlwefpm;awG&J@ t,ltqawG/ cH,lr_awGeJ@ oabmw&m;awGudk qef@usif&wJh tawG;tac:wkdufyJ[ G m vlwef;pm;wkdufyJG&J@

uif;uGmvkd@r&Ekid fwJh ta&;ygwJh tykid f;wpfykdif;jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh vlwef;pm;wku
d fyGJ[m t+rJwap pD;yGg;a&;qkdif&m/ Ekid fiHa&;qkdif&meJ@
tawG;tac:qkdif&m e,fy,fawGrSm ay:aygufaewmjzpfw,f?

(56) tJ'v D kd awmfvSefwJh ajymif;vJr_}uD;&J@ orkdif;qkdif&m tqifhwdik f;rSm wkd;wufjzpfay:vmaewJh vlwef;pm;topf[m awmfvSefa&;twGif;
&kyfb0t& trSefwu,f vkdvm;axmufcH=uol tjcm;vlwef;pm;awGukd aygif;zGJ@pnf;±kH;ay;w,f? OD;aqmifra_ y;w,f? Oyrm – jzpf
xGef;p "e&Sifvw l efpm;[m ya'o&mZfpepfukd z,f&Sm;jzKwfcsz@kd twGuf ya'o&mZfvl@tzG@J tpnf;twGif;u tiftm;pktm;vkH;ukd
aygif;pnf;nDnGwfapw,f? tvm;wlyJ tvkyform;vlwef;pm;[m t&if;&Sifpepfukd jzKwfcsz,f&mS ;a&;twGuf r[mrdwt f m;vkH;ukd
aygif;pnf;nDnGwfapw,f?

tckdiftrmusus avhvm&ef vkdtyfjcif;

(57) txufrmS pepfwus&Sif;vif;az:jyxm;wJh orkdif;a&;jzpfxGe;f wkd;wufr_w&m;awG[m vlom;awG&J@ vlr_zH@G +zdK;wkd;wufa&; tqifhtoD;
oD;ukd cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmzkd@eJ@ odjrifem;vnfapzkd@ cGJcGJjcm;jcm; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; tokH;cs&rSmjzpfw,f?

txufyg t,ltqawG[mus,fjyef@+yD; a,bk,soabmaqmifw,f? rmhufpfe@J tdef*s,fwkd@u xyfjyefwvJvJ tav;xm;az:jycJhwhJ

twkdif; tjcm;ta=umif;tcsuftrsKd;rsKd;wk@d [mvJ orkdif;qkdif&m jzpfxGef;wkd;wufr_&@J xl;jcm;csufawGtay: }uD;rm;wJhoufqkdif r_&Sdaeyg
ao;w,f? Oyrm – yx0De@J &moDOwkqikd f&m ta=umif;tcsufrsm;/ tckdiftrm vl@tzG@J tpnf;twGif;&Sd vlom;wkd@vkdtyfcsuf awG&J@
oabmobm0/ uke=f urf;ypPnf;rsm;&&SdEdik fr_/ twwfynm jzpfxGe;f wkd;wufr_ a&csde&f J@vuQ%m/ Ekid fiHa&;eJ@ Ekid fiHawmftaqmuftOD;
trsKd;om;toD;oD;&J@ vlr_tavhtx/ "avhxkH;pHe@J ,kwfpt G qkH; pdwf"gwfa&;&m taetxm;rsm;/ bmom a&;rsm;/ trsKd;om;qkdif&m
tao;pdwf xl;jcm;csufuav;rsm;[m tckdiftrm orkdif;zGH@+zdK;r_tay: oufqkdifae=uw,f? rmhupf fu orkdif;qkdif&mjzpfpOfrsm;tm;
tckdiftrmeJ@ txl;jyKavhvmwmukdawmh rvkyb f J/ orkdif;&J@ w&m;awGudk taumiftxnfrhJ a,bk,saumufcsufqGJ okH;oyfaewmrsKd;
vkyrf ae=uzkd@ owday;cJhw,f?

cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;aom vlr_pD;yGm;a&;zGJ@wnfrp_ epfrsm;

rmhupf feJ@ tde*f s,f wkd@&J@ usrf;pmtkyrf sm;rSm twdwfumvu vlr_pD;yGm;a&; zG@J wnfr_pepfrsm;ukd a,bk,stm;jzifhrl cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmr_ jyK
cJh=uygw,f? rnfo@kd yifjzpfap olwkd@[m t&if;&Sifpepf ray:aygufao;rSDu zG@J wnfr_pepftm;vkH;ukdawmh tao;pdwfusus cGJjcrf;pdwf
jzmr_rjyKEkdifcJh=uyg?

a&S;OD;uGefjrLepfvl@tzGJ@tpnf;
(58) vlom;jzpfwnfay:xGe;f vmwJh tapmqkH;umvrSm vlawG[m rsKd;EG,ftkyfpk/ rdom;pktkyfpk ponfjzifh tkypf kvkduaf exkdifvmcJh=uw,fqkd
wm trsm;od=u+yD;jzpfygw,f? tcuftcJqkH;/ tqkd;0g;qkH; t=urf;wrf;qkH; tajctaeawGatmufrmS obm0eJ@ wkdufyJq G if &if; vlom;
vlom;awG[m pkaygif;tvkyfvkyfcJh=u&w,f? xGufukefawGukd twlwuGcGJa0,l=uw,f? 'Dvkd vl@tzG@J tpnf;b0&J@ tqifhudk a&S;OD;uGef

11
 jrLepftqifhvd@k ac:cJh=uw,f? 'DtqifhrSm ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pk[m zG@H +zdK;wkd;wufr_ r&Sdq;kH jzpfw,f? 'Dtqifh ukefxkwfqHqufa&;awG
udkawmh tESpfom&tm;jzifh vlwef;pm;rJhqufqHa&;rsm;tjzpf az:jyEkid fw,f? 'gayr,fh vlawG[m jznf;jznf;eJ@rSefreS f obm0tay: ykrd kd
+yD; pkdrkd;EkdifatmifEdik fvm=uw,f? w&dp>mef arG;jrLjcif;/ ig;zrf;jcif;/ pkduyf sKd;jcif;/ a&S;OD;vufeuf ud&d,mrsm; xkwfvkyjf cif; pwJh xkwfvyk f
a&;toGif o¾efopfrsm;[m ay:aygufvmw,f?

ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pk }uD;xGm;wkd;wufvmr_eJ@ twl vl@r_tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; tvkycf GJjcm; vkyfuidk fr_ ay:vmw,f? tapmqkH;
tvkyfcGJjcm;r_[m a,musfm;awGeJ@ rdef;rawGt=um; jzpfvm+yD; aemufyikd f;usawmh pku d fysKd;a&;eJ@ trJvkdufr_wkd@ t=um;rSm jzpfvmw,f?
tcsdef=umvmwmeJ@tr# a&S;OD;uGefjrLepf vlr_zJ@G pnf;r_ o¾ef[m ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pk&@J qufvufzGH@+zdK; wkd;wufvmapa&;twGuf rvkH
avmuf rudkun f Dawmhbl;jzpfvmw,f? rsKd;EG,fpak wGtwGif;rSm rsKd;EG,fpkacgif;aqmifawG[m yk+d yD;tm%m&Sdvmw,f? tkypf kwpfckvH;k ykdif
tyktd v#H xGufukefawG &,lcGifh&Sdvmw,f? tjcm;wpfbufrSm qkd&ifvJ rsKd;EG,fpk tcsif;csif;cif;wJh ppfyJaG wGtwGif; zrf;rdwJh ppftusOf;
om;awG[m xkwfvkyfa&; vkyfaqmifrt _ wGuf tokH;csvd@k &vmw,f? 'DtusOf;om;awG[m rsKd;EG,fpkacgif;aqmifr_&@J tkycf sKyfr_atmuf
rSm aus;u|efawGjzpfvm=uw,f? tjypfay;cH=u&wJh rsKd;EG,fpktkyfp0k ifawG[mvJ acgif;aqmifawG&J@ vufatmufcH taptyg;awGjzpf
vm=uw,f? 'Denf;eJ@ a&S;OD;uGefjrLepf vl@tzG@J tpnf;twGif;rSm aus;u|efpepf ay:aygufvmcJh&w,f? tESpfcsKyfajym&&if aus;u|efpepf
[m ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pk ykrd }kd uD;xGm;a&;&J@ vkdtyfcsufawGudk jznfhpGr;f ay;zk@d orkdif;rSm rvGJomra&Smifom ay:ukday:vmcJh&wmjzpfw,f?

aus;u|epf epf
(59) aus;u|efrsm;tay: aoG;pkyrf _ukd tajccHwJh xkwfvkyfa&;[m ukefxkwfpGr;f tm;pk t}uD;tus,f wkd;wufr_udk taxmuftuljyKay;cJh
w,f? aus;u|efawG&J@ vkyftm;ykv d #Hr_[m 'Dwkd;wufr_twGuf }uD;rm;wJh wkd;wufr_jzpfcJhw,f? ±kyfykdif;qkdif&m xkwfvkyfa&;buftoD;oD;
rSm wkd;wufr_topfawGjzpfvmw,f? ausmufw;kH / opfom;/ oH pwmawGeJ@jyKvkyf+yD; ykrd o kd pfvGifwJh vufeufud&, d mawGukd tokH;jyK
vm=uw,f? 'Dukefxkwfud&, d mawGeJ@ qufEG,faewJh vufr_ynmeJ@ vlom;vkdtyfru _ kd jznfhpGr;f ay;zkd@jzpfwJh vuf r_ynm onfawG[m
vnfwkd;wufvmw,f? tvkyfujGJ ym;jcm;em;r_[m vsifjrefpGm qufvufjzpfay:vmcJhw,f?

ukefxkwfqufqaH &;[m aus;u|efyikd f&SifawG&J@ ukefxkwfypPnf;awGukda&m/ aus;u|efawG ukd,fwkdifuykd g tºuGif;rJhyikd fqkdifr_tay:rSm t

ajccHcJhw,f? vl@tzGJ@tpnf;xJrSm aus;u|efeJ@ aus;u|efykdif&iS f&,fv@kd vlwef;pm;ESpf&yf ododomomcGJxm;w,f? aus;ykid fu|efykdif Ekid f
iHawmfwpf&yf[m udk,fydik fESdyu f Gyfa&;ud&d,mawG/ tzG@J awG/ ukd,fydik fOya'awG tp&SdwmawGeJ@ twl tay:xyftaqmufttkH tjzpf
ay:aygufvmcJhw,f? aus;u|efv@l tzG@J tpnf;[m 'Dtqifhumv&Sd ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pk vsifjrefpGmwkd;wufa&;rSm wkd;wufwJh tcef;
u¾wpf&yftaeeJ@ yg0ifxrf;aqmifcJhayr,fh vl@tzG@J tpnf;b0xJrSmawmh aus;u|efawGtay: vlrqefqkH;/ tnSmtwm tuif;rJh
qkH;/ aoG;pkyrf _eJ@ zdESdyfr_ukd txift&Sm;awG@Ekdifw,f? tcsdefumv&Snf=umvmwmeJ@tr# xkwfvkyfrp_ Grf;&nf rSefreS f}uD;xGm;apa&;twGuf
vl@tzG@J tpnf;vkt d yfcsufawGu awmif;qkdaeayr,fhvnf; aus;u|efawGrSmawmh tvkyfvkyfzd@k eJ@ ukefxkwfpGr;f &nfjrSifhwifz@kd rwuf
ºuG=ua wmhbl;? 'DyÉdyuQ[m av;eufjyif;xefvm+yD; aus;u|efpepf qufvufwnf&Sdr_[m vl@tzG@J tpnf; ykrd kdwkd;wuf a&;twGuf
ql;ajimifhcvkww f pfckjzpfvmawmhw,f? 'DtajctaeeJ@twl wkdif;jynftrsm;pkrSm aus;u|efykeu f efr_awGay:vmw,f? orkdif;rSm tJo
vkdykefuefr_&J@ ra&wGuEf ikd fwJh om"uawGudk rSwfwrf;wifxm;cJhw,f? 'Denf;eJ@ ol@&J@ ukex f kwfprG f;tm;pkeJ@ ukex
f kwfqufqHa&;wkd@
t=um;yÉdyuQ[m vl@tzG@J tpnf; r+idro f ufr_}uD;rsm;jzpfvmapwJh onf;oefwJh vlwef;pm;wdkufyGJo¾eftjzpfeJ@ xifxif&Sm;&Sm;ay:
xGufvmcJhygw,f? aus;u|efpepf[m tpdwfpdwft¹r$m¹r$m +ydKuGJysufpD;oGm;+yD; ol@ae&mrSm ya'o&mZfpepfay:vmw,f?

ya'o&mZfpepf
(60) ya'o&mZfpepf&@J t"dutoGifo¾efuawmh ya'o&mZft&SifocifawGu ajr,mtygt0if ukefxkwfypPnf;awGyikd fqkdifxm;r_yJ? 'gay
r,fh ajru|efawGudkawmh olwkd@rykdif=ubl;? tm%mukd tqifhqifhcef@cGJ csKyfukdifxm;wJhpepf[m ya'o&mZfpepf&J@ xl;jcm;wJh vuQ%m
jzpfw,f? ajru|efawG[m ajruGufi,fuav;awGukd ukd,fhbmom xGef,ufpkduyf sKd;cGifh&SdcJhw,f? olwkd@[m ti,fpm; vufr_vkyfief;/
xkwv f kyfa&; pwmawGrSmvnf; yg0ifvkyfuikd fEkdif=uw,f? wpfpHw k pf&m t"dyg` ,ft&ajym&&if t&ifwkef;u aus;u|efawGjzpf+yD; ,ck
ajru|efjzpfvm=uolawG[m vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm; u|efcH&jcif;r&Sdawmhbl;? 'ga=umifh olwkd@[m tvkyfuykd +kd yD; pdwftm; xufxuf oefoef
eJ@ vkyfvmEkid fw,f? 'geJ@twl ukefxkwfud&d,mtrsKd;rsKd; rSefrSefwkd;wufjzpfxGe;f vmr_u ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;pk t}uD;tus,f jyef@yGg;}uD;
xGm;a&;ukd taxmuftuljyKcJhw,f? ukefoG,fa&;eJ@ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;awG[m zG@H +zdK;wkd;wufvmw,f? Ekid fiHjcm;eJ@ ukef
ypPnf;trsKd;rsKd; ukefoG,fr_[mvnf; toGifo¾efwpfcktjzpf ykHay:vmw,f? 'Dtcsufu vlr_xkwfvkyaf &; ykrd w kd kd;wufapzkd@ wkef@jyef
wGef;aqmfay;cJhw,f? ya'o&mZfpepf&@J ta&;}uD;wJh xl;jcm;csufwpf&yfuawmh ajr&SifawGu }uD;rm;vSwJh v,f,m e,fajr awGudk
ykid fqkdifxm;r_eJ@ vl@tzG@J tpnf;b0udk wpfckvkH;t& v$r;f rk;d tkycf sKyfxm;Ekdifry_ J? 'geJ@twl wkdif;jynftrsm;pkrSm {u&mZfawG/ bk&ifawG/
t&SifocifawGeJ@ ajr&SifawG&J@ tkycf sKyfa&;tm%m[mvnf; jzpfwnfvmw,f? 'g[m vl@tzG@J tpnf;qkdif&m t}uD;tus,f ykv d #Hr_
tay: tajccHxm;wJh}uD;rm;wJh tifyg,m ({u&mZfe,fajr) awGay:aygufvmwJh acwfumvyJ? Ekid fiHawmf taqmufttkHtjzpf wpfck
wnf;aom tm%mykdifpepfu Ekid fiHa&;tm%mukd csKyfukdifxm;w,f? ya'o&mZfpepfatmufrmS oufOD;qHyidk fpepf[m t"du tusqkH;

12
 Ekid fiHawmfyHok ¾efjzpfcJhw,f? tay:xyf taqmufttkHtykid f;rSmqkd&if ya'o&mZfpepf w&m;Oya'awGeJ@ xkH;wrf;pOfvmawG &S=d u
w,f? (Oyrm– tdEd, N jynfrSmqk&d if (Manu smriti,etc) rEk"rRpm&D tp&Sdonfw@kd ) ya'o&mZfpepf atmufrmS ukefxkwfprG f;tm;
pkawG t}uD;tus,f wdk;wufvmr_a=umifhvnf; pnfprd frSefor#udk cHpm;aysmfyg;/ tcsdefjzKef; ae=uwJh tkypf ;kd olvlwef;pm;twGufom
t"dutm;jzifhjzpfaewJh tEkynm/ ,Ofaus;r_/ pmay pwmawGvnf; zG@H +zdK;a0qmvm=uw,f? 'gayr,fh 'DpepfatmufrmS ukefoG,fa&;
wkd;wufvmr_eJ@ a&aEG;aiG@ tif*sif/ ,uUef;puf/ o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;ykHpHopfrsm; tp&SdwmawGvkd wDxGif awG@&rSd _}uD;rsm;tay:tajccHwJh
ykrd okd pfvGifaom ukefxkwfvkyif ef; ykoH ¾efawG&J@ zG@H +zdK;wkd;wufrw
_ kd@eJ@twl ukefonfawG/ ukefxkwfvkyfief;&Sif pwmawGvkd vlwef;pm;
topfwpf&yfvnf; ay:aygufvmw,f? 'Dvlwef;pm;[m topfjzpfxGef;vmaewJh "e&Sifvw l ef;pm;awGukd ukd,fpm;jyKxm;wmjzpf+yD;
vufawG@rSm 'D"e&Sif vlwef;pm;awG[mvnf; ay:xGe;f vmaewJh ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pkawG&J@ ukd,fpm;vS,fawGyJjzpf=uw,f? ya'o&mZf
pepftwGif;&Sd vl@tzG@J tpnf;qkdif&m qufqHa&;rsm;/ vGwfvyfpmG ukefoG,frt _ ay: csrw
S fxm;wJh ra&rwGufEdik faom uef@owfwm;jrpf
csurf sm;/ ukefpnftrsm;tjym; xkwfvkyfwJh vkyfief;awGrSm vkyfuikd fae=uolrsm;tay: csKyfcs,fcsufrsm;pwJh tcsufrsm;tm;vkH;[m
ukefxkwfprG f;tm;pkrsm; wkd;wufa&;twGuf twkwftaESmifjzpfaecJh=uw,f?

wpfcsdefwnf;rSm twkdif;twm}uD;rm;wJh v,form;ppfyaGJ wGeJ@ ykefuefr_awGtjzpfaz:jywJh ya'o&mZfpepftwGif;rS v,form;wkdufyGJ

[mvnf; onf;oefjyif;xefvmw,f? us,fjyef@vmw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ wkdif;jynftrsm;pkrSm ya'o&mZfzdEdyS fr_ qef@usif;a&;eJ@ 'Drkdua&pD
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14