AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI

jnm smyN dy hwlwq :

BweI eISr isMG fgzvh PhjK dk ofjD tkbk ;h. fJj

fgzv pKro d/ fJbke/ ftu g?Adk ;h. JhPo f;zx gurbwxI dy
rMg ivc rMigAw hoieAw iek pUrn guris`K sI[ sDwrn
ijhy Gr ivc rihx vwlw ieh guris`K syvw, ismrn Aqy
vMf ky Ckx vrgy guxW nwl s`ijAw hox krky swry ielwky
ivc bVw hrmn ipAwrw sI[ ies dy Gr 1761 eI: nUM
iek bwlk ny jnm ilAw ijs dw nwm gUrU gRMQ swihb jI
dy hukm Anuswr guru kI sMgq ny PUlw isMG r`iKAw[ bwlk
PUlw isMG Ajy iek swl dw hI sI jdo swry pMjwb ivc
Aihmd Swh AbdwlI dy hmly dI Kbr Gr Gr PYlI hoeI
sI [aus dw ieh CyvW h`lw inrol is`Kw dw Kurw Koz
imtwaux dy audyS nwl kIqw igAw sI[ pMjwb ivc Aw ky
ies ny is`Kw aupr A`q dw kihr vrqwauxw AwrMB kr
id`qw[is`K vI cu`p krky bYTx vwly nhI sn[auhnw ny
duSmx dI hr cwl dw mukwblw krn dw PYslw kIqw[

siqgurU dw at Asrw lY ky iek gurmqw soiDAw

igAw ik sm`cw Kwlsw pMQ jgrwvW dy nyVy phMc jwvy Aqy
vYrI nUM sbk isKwaux leI jMg CyV idqI jwvy, mwlvy dw
auh ielwkw ij`Qy keI keI koh pwxI nzr nhI AauNdw
vwly pwsy duSmx nMU iKicAw jwvy qWik mwrUQlW ivc jw ky
iehnw kwblI ib`ilAw nMU AYsy h`Q idKwey jwx ik ieh kdy
pMjwb vwly pwsy Awaux dI supny ivc vI socx jogy nw
rihx’[

BweI eISr isMG is`KW dIAW bwrw imslNw ivco imsl inSwn vwlI dw juJwrU isMG sI [ies imsl dy isMGw ny
vI vYrI dw ft ky twkrw kIqw [ bhuq swry isMG ShId ho gey Aqy P`tV hox vwilAw dI igxqI vI kwPI sI [ jMg
ivc eISr isMG nMU gihrw jKm l`igAw ijs krky ieh Awpxy j`Qy nwl A~gy nw v~D sikAw [ rwq dy hnyry dw lwB
auTw ky j^mIAW nUM mYdwn ivcoN cu`k ky iek iekWq vwly pwsy iltw id`qw igAw [ ijQNo ienHW nUM Gr Gr phMcwaux dw
pRbMD kIqw igAw [ j^mI hoieAw BweI eISr isMG vI horNw nwl Apxy ipMf phMucw id`qw igAw, ijQy ies dw ielwj
kIqw igAw[ies swrI Gtnw nUM is`K ieiqhws dw v`fw G`lUGwrw kih ky Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[
 iehnW idnW ivc hI BweI eISr isMG dy Gr dUjy bwlk ny jnm ilAw, ijs dw nwm sMq isMG r`iKAw igAw
[j^mW dw TIk ielwj nw hox krky A`lyH j^m ivgV gey[ AwpxI nwjk hwlq nUM dyKky hoey auys ny Apxy iek swQI
bwbw nrYx isMG AkwlI nUM Apxy Gr bulwieAw Aqy Apxy v`fy p`uqr PUlw isMG dw h`Q aus nUM sONp id`qw [bwbw nrYx
isMG AkwlI j`Qy dy mShUr guris`K sn[

bwl AvsQw :
PUlw isMG dw bcpn pUrn guris`K isMGW dI sMgq ivc rihMdy hoey bIiqAw[ kyvl 10 kU swl dI aumr ivc hI
ies ny inqnym dIAW bwxIAW dy nwl nwl Akwl ausqq, svYXy Aidk bwxIAW vI jubwnI Xwd kr leIAW [sMiQAw
lYx ipCNo jd q`k swrI bwxI kMT nw ho jwNdI bwlk PUlw isMG hor pwsy iDAwn nw lgwaudw[ ieh Kyf ku`dx smyN vI
mUMh ivc gurbwxI dw pwT hI krdw rihMdw sI ,ijs krky j`Qy dy swry isMG ies nwl buhq ipAwr krdy sn[

SsqR ividAw :

jd bwbw nrYx isMG jI ny dyiKAw ik PUlw isMG Dwrimk ividAw ivc inpMn ho igAw hY qW aus nUM SsqR
ividAw dyxI SurU kIqI geI[ aus smyN hr is`K b`cy leI ieh ividAw is`KxI jrUrI hMudI sI [bwbw nrYx isMG jI
bwlk PUlw isMG nwl bhuq ipAwr krdy sn[ies leI kdy kdy auh Awp PUlw isMG nUM qlvwr clwaNux dy krq`b
isKwady sn[CyqI hI ieh GOV svwrI, qIr AMdwjI Aqy qrvwr bwjI ivc pUrI qrW inpMn ho igAw[PUlw isMG
qlvwr dy jOhr idKwaNux ivc bVw AwnMd pwRpq krdw sI [AiBAwsI jMgW ivc PUlw isMG dy joS Aqy idRVqw nUM dyK
ky bwbw nrYx isMG jI bhuq KuS huMdy [

mW dw ivCoVw :

PUlw isMG dI mW Awpxy spu`qr nUM v`Ddw Pu`ldw dyK ky bhuq KuS hMudI[ ek idn Acwnk auh AYsI if`gI ik su`D
bu`D Bu`l geI[ AMqm smW AwieAw dyK ky Apxy p`uqr PUlw isMG nUM kol bulwieAw Aqy is`iKAw id`qI [ aus dI ieh
is`iKAw jykr A`j dIAW mwvW Apxy puqrW nUM dyx dI koiSs krn qW Kwlsw pMQ dI f`ubdI jw rhI byVI nUM Ajy vI
bcwieAw jw skdw hY [

PUlw isMG dI mW ny smJwieAw, pu`qrw! qUM Apxy bhwdr ipqw dw lwflw puqr eNy[swrI ijMdgI s`c Drm nUM
inbwhIN Aqy kdy iksy kolNo frIN nw[gurbwxI dI is`iKAw sdw Apxy mn ivc vsweIN r`KI ,ieh hmySw shweI hox
vwlI hY[ kdy vI koeI Kqrw Awvy ,gurUu klgIDr pwqSwh dw iDAwn Dr ky mukwblw krIN[ApxI jwn auqy Kyf ky vI
Apxy Drm ivrsy nUM AmIr bxWvI[ rx q`qy ivc mrnw sUrimAW dw kMm hY[puqrw !ies smyN pMQ nMU qyrI bVI loV
hY[qyry v`ifAW dI ieho hI is`iKAw hY ik pMQ leI ijEuxW qy pMQ leI hI mrnw hY [ieh is`iKAw dy ky PUlw isMG dI
mW sdw leI ies sMswr qoN kUc kr geI[

kuJ smyN ip`Co PUlw isMG , nrYx isMG AkwlI dy j`Qy nwl hI sIR AnMdpur swihb ivKy Aw igAw [ieQy
gurduAwirAW dI syvw krn ivc kwPI smW bqIq ho jWdw sI[ kdy kdy j`Qy dy nwl hI j`Qy ivc Swml ho ky vYrIAW
nwl vI do-do h`Q krn dw mOkw iml jNwdw [vYrI dy h`ly nMU rokxW muV DwA ky duSmx au`pr tu`t pYxW,vYrIAW dy Gyry
ivco bc inklx dy dwA pyc Kyfx dw PUlw isMG nUM cMgw AiBAws ho igAw[bwbw nrYx isMG AkwlI dy ies j`Qy ivc
bwbw jI dy ip`Co PUlw isMG nUM hI jQydwr Qwp id`qw igAw ikaNik ienW dI infrqw prp`kqw Aqy qurMq PYslw lYx dI
kwblIAq qoN swry isMG cMgI qrHW jwxUM sn[

mhNwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny 1801 eI: nUM AMimRqsr Sihr nUM Apxy rwj ivc imlwaux leI cVHweI kr id`qI[ ies
smyN Apxy j`Qy smyq AkwlI PUlw isMG jI AMimRqsr ivKy hI sn [AMimRqsr BMgI imsl dy srdwrW dy AwDIn sI
[ieh BMgI srdwr mhNwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy ivru`D sn[

lVweI AwrMB hox vwlI sI pr AkwlI PUlw isMG dohW is`K POjW dy ivckwr KVHw ho igAw Aqy Awps ivc jMg
mcwaux qoN roikAw[ mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG ies dy rol qoN bhuq pRsMn hoey Aqy AwpxI POj nUM ipCy htx dw hukm dy
id`qw[ hux BMgI srdwrW ny vI isAwxP dw sbUq dyNdy hoey mhwrwjy dI ApIl nUM svIkwr krn ivc hI ApxI BlweI
smJI[ mhWrwjy ny ahunW nUM bhuq swrI zgIr bKS id`qI[AkwlI j`Qy dy lMgr leI vI mhWrwjw swihb ny bhuq swrI
jgIr lgw id`qI[ies pRkwr isK pMQ ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG dw Awdr-mwx bhuq vD igAw[

ksUr dI jMg :

ksUr dy hwkm kuqbudIn dIAW D`kySwhIAW dIAW KbrW mhWrwjy nUM lwhOr ivc phMcIAW [mhNwrwjy nyy aus nUM
smJwaux dI bVI koisS kIqI pr auh smJx dI QW POjI iqAwrIAW krn l`g ipAw[ie`Dr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny
vI aus dI suDweI krn dw mn bxw ilAw [ aus ny Aws pws dIAW CwaoxIAW qoN AwpxIAW isK POjW mMgvw leIAW[
AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG nUM vI mdd leI s`d ilAw igAw [

swrIAW is`K POjW ny PrvrI 1807

eI: nUM ksUr Sihr nUM jw Gyrw pwieAw
[ieQoN dw hwkm kuqbudIn iklHy ivc jw
viVHAw[iklHy nUM Gyrw pw ky qopwN dy goly
brswey jwx l`gy[ kuqbudIn iklHy ivcoN hI
juAwbI hmlw kr irhw sI[lVweI lmkdI
dyK ky iek rwq iklHy dI dIvwr hyTW brUd
Br id`qw igAw [idn cVHy jd A`g lgweI
geI qW iklHy dI iek dIvwr DrqI auqy
Awx if`gI[ ibjlI dI qyjI nwl bwbw PUlw
isMG ny Awpxy swQI isMGW smyq iklHy ivc
vV ky kqilAwm jw mcweI[ iklHy a~upr
isMGW dw kbjw ho igAw[ kuqbudIn n`sdw
hoieAw PiVAw igAw [
ies lVweI ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG
Aqy aus dy j`Qy ny ijhVI bhwdrI idKweI
aus qoN mjwrwjw rxjIq isMG bhuq pRBwivq hoieAw [ aus dy idl ivc AkwlI PUlw isMG pRqI AQwh ipAwr qy
siqkwr dI Bwvnw pYdw ho geI[ ieh jMg ij`q ky AkwlI PUlw isMG jI Apxy j`Qy smyq iPr sIR AMimRqsr swihb
ivKy Aw gey[

SrwrqI lokW dI suDweI :

iek vwr imstr imtkwP dy nwl kuJ GoV svwrW dw dsqw sIR AMimRqsr AwieAw[ ieqPwk nwl hI audoN
muh`rm dy idn Aw gey[ dsqy ivc swry iSpwhI iSAw muslmwn sn[ienW ny bVI DUm-Dwm nwl qwjIAw k`iFAw[
GoVy dy A`gy ip`Cy hzwrW SIAw lok AMimRqsr dy bjwrW ivcoN bVI au~cI AvwjW nwl nwhry lgwaudyN hoey sIR AMimRqsr
drbwr swihb dy swhmxy Awx phuMcy[ies smyN sIR Akwl qKq swihb ivKy dupihr dw dIvwn sijAw hoieAw
sI[AkwlI PUlw isMG jI vI dIvwn ivc bYTy hoey sn ik Acwnk aunW nUM bwhr pYNdw rOlw suxWeI ipAw [ies r`py-rOly
kwrn dIvwn ivc ivgn pYx l`gw[

bwbw jI ny Apxy kuJ isMG bwhr Byjy qW ik rOlw bMd ho sky[ pr BUqry hoey lokW ny smJx dI QW hor qyj-qyj
nwhry mwrny AwrMB kr id`qy[

jd swrI Kbr AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG kol phMucI qW ahunw dw is`KI roh jwg ipAw [qurMq kuJ coVvNy isMGw nUM
nwl lY ky Gtnw vwlI QW `qy phuMc gey[ ibjlI dI PurqI vWgUM qlvwr c`lx l`g peI, loQW DrqI `qy if`gx l`g
peIAw[ KUn nwl DrqI lwl ho geI [ hux jlUs k`Fx vwilAW nuM n`sidAW rwh nhI sI l`B irhw[

ieh iBAwnk Kbr mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM id`qI geI auh qurMq GoVy qy svwr hoky bVI qyjI nwl kqilAwm
vwlI QW qy Aw igAw[aus ny AwauNdy swr AkwlI PUlw isMG jI dy kol jw ky bVyy ipAwr nwl ikhw ik bwbw jI ieh
qW quhwfy prwhuMxy hn iehnw nwl lVnw TIk nhI hY’[ ies qrW mhwrwjy ny Awp dKl dy ky ieh lVweI bMd
krvweI[

iPr mhWrwjw ny imstr imtkwP nUM pwsy lY jw ky d`isAw ik ieh AkwlI isMG AMimRqsr dy rKvwly hn[ieh
iksy dI ADIngI nhI svIkwrdy Aqy Apxw sIs qlI a`uyqy r`K ky qurdy hn[gurbwxI dw nrwdr nhI shwr
skdy[jlUs ivc Swml SrwrqI lokW ny hI ienHW nUM BVkwieAw sI[ ijs krky ieh JVp hoeI hY[dUr –AdyS AMgryj
A&sr swrI g`l smJ ky SWq ho igAw Aqy Apxy swry kw&ly smyq CyqI auQoN lWBy clw igAw[

nrwjgI :

AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG nwl kuHJ

nrwj rihx l`g pey sn[ijs dw m`uK kwrn ivcwrW dw mq`Byd
hoxW sI[ bwbw jI cwhMdy sn ik Kwlsw pMQ dI mjbUqI leI
ApsI ivSvws bxweI r`Kx leI v`fy v`fy AOhdy gYrwN nUM nw
id`qy jwx[ fogirAW dIAw cwlW qoN bcx leI mh`qvpUrn
AOhdy is`K srdwrW nUM sONp dyxyN cwhIdy hn[ imSr gMgw rwm
dIAW Awp hudrIAW nUM n`Q pweI jwvy qy aus dy irSqydwrW nUM
rwj drbwr ivc koeI nOkrI nw id`qI jwvy[ ieh srIAW g`lW krn leI AkwlI PUlw isMG jI ibnHW koeI sUcnw id`qy
Acwnk lwhOr phMuc gey[ ieh dyK ky fogirAW ny keI gupq Xqn kIqy ik bwbw jI mhWrwjy nUM nw iml skx[ pr
bwbw jI mhWrwjy nUM imlx ivc kwmXwb ho gey Aqy iklHy ivc phuMc ky g`j ky jw Pqih bulweI[bwbw PUlw isMG jI ny
by-KOP ho ky swrI g`l mhWrwjw swihb nUM kih suxweI[swrI g`l suxn ip`Co mhwrwjw swihb ny bwbw jI nUM pRSwdw Ck
ky jwx leI ikhw pr aunHW qurMq nwh kr id`qI Aqy ikhw ik Kwlsw rwj ivc Axm`qIAW nUM AOhdyy dyxW nIqI dy
ivru`D hY[ so jW qW ApxI nIqI bdl lvo nhI qW AsI Awp jI nUM Pqih bulwaux leI mjbURr hW[

ies qrW bwbw jI ibnHW pRSwdw Cky hI lwhOr qoN sIR AMimRqsr swihb vwps prq Awey Aqy iesy idn sIR
AnMdpur swihb v`l cly jwx dI iqAwrI kr leI[luiDAwxyN rih rhy AMgryjW ny Apxy leI Kqrw mihsUs kIqw[
bwbw jI dw AMgryjW dy mnw auqy bVw dbdbw sI[ so,ibnW iksy rukwvt dy bwbw jI sIR AnMdpur swihb ivKy phMc
gey[
kvr pRqwp isMG ny pnwh lYxI :
swhzwdw pRqwp isMG jINd dw irAsqI kMmW ivc srkwr nwl JgVw pYdw ho igAw[ AMgryjW kolNo aus nUM Kqrw
mihsUs hox l`gw[aus ny quMrq sRI AMndpur swihb phMuc ky bwbw PUlw isMG jI pws pnwh lY leI[

AMgryjW nUM jd ies g`l dw pqw l`igAw qW aunHW ny bwbw PUlw isMG jI nUM sunyhw ByijAw ik swhzwdw aunW dy
hvwly kr id`qw jwvy pr bwbw jI ny ieh kih ky nwh kr id`qI ik dr Awey nUM AsIN D`kw nhIN dyNdy Aqy jwx vwly nUM
rokdy nhI[

AMgryjwN nUM Apxw ieh S`k p`kw hMu`dw idKweI id`qw ik bwbw PUlw isMG aunW dy ielwky ivc gVbV krn leI hI
ieQy AwieAw hY[AMgryjW ny mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM vI iliKAw ik ijvyN vI ho sky ies bwby nUM qusI Apxy ielwky
ivc vwps mMgvw lvo[

lwhOr drbwr ivc fogirAW ny cwlW c`l ky mhWrwjy kooloN ieh mnjUrI lY leI ik qwkq dy zor nwl bwbw PUlw
isMG jI nUM AMimRqsr ilAWdw jwvy[PlOr dy mYdwn ivc jd AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG nUM Gyrw pwaux leI POj nUM hukm
id`qw igAw qW swirAW dI hYrwnI dI h`d nw rhI jdoN POjIAW ny hiQAwr jmIn auqy r`K ky bwbw jI aupr hmlw krn
qoN nWh kr id`qI[

jd ies g`l dw pqw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM l`igAw qW aus dIAW A`KW Ku`l geIAw ik is`K pMQ ivc bwbw
jI dw ikqnw siqkwr hY[ aus ny qurMq POj nUM vwps bulw ilAw[

Syry pMjwb ny bwbw swihb isMG bydI nUM Apxy pws bulw ky smJwieAw ik ijvyN vI ho sky bwbw PUlw isMG nUM sRI
AnMdpur swihb qoN vwps AMimRqsr Aaux leI bynqI ikqI jwvy[Aqy bwbw jI nUM ivSvws idvwieAw jwvy ik aunW
dI ie`Cw aupr hOlI hOlI Aml ikqw jwvygw [ies ip`Co hI bwbw jI ny AMimRqsr swihb Awaux dw mn bxwieAw [
jd Sihr ivc bwbw jI dy Awaux dI Kbr phMucI qW hzwrW lok aunHW dy drSn krn leI dUr dUr qoN Ax
phMucy[mhwrwjw Awp vI bwbw jI dy drSnW nUM AwieAw[AkwlI isMGW dy jQy leI GoVy,hwQI ,rsdW qy hiQAwr fyry
leI Arpx kIqy[ AkwlIAW dI CwauxI AMimRqsr ivc isMGW dI Aimt Xwdgwr hY[
mulqwn dI jMg :

iek vwr mulqwn dy nvwb mujPr Kwn ny Syry pMjwb nUM slwnw tYks Brn qoN ienkwr kr id`qw[mhwrwjy ny
iek v`fI POj dIvwn moqI rwm qy BvwnI dws ipCwvrI dI kmwn hyT mulqwn dy nvwb nUM sjw dyx leI ByjI [POj ny
swry Sihr nUM Gyrw pw ilAw [CotIAW CotIoAW keI lVweIAW hoeIAW pr nqIjw koeI nw inkwilAw[rwq smyN vYrI dl
Apxy itkwixAW ivcoN inkl ky is`K POjW dw jwnI nukswn krky iklHy ivc jw vVdw[ sPlqw nw imldI dyKky sYnw
muKIAW ny Gyrw Kqm kr id`qw Aqy swrI POj vwps lwhOr Aw geI[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM jd swrI g`l dw pqw l`gw

qW auh bhuq nrwz hoey[swrI Gtnw dI pVqwl kIqI
geI[ijs ivc dIvwn BvwnI dws muK doSI pwieAw
igAw[aus nUM dIvwn dI pdvI qoN htw ky ds hzwr rupey
jurmwnw kIqw igAw[

kmzor A&srW krky Kwlsw drbwr dI bVI hyTI

hoeI[mhWrwjy nUM ies dw bVw d`uK sI[ jnvrI 1818 eI:
nUM 25000 POj Sihjwdw KVg isMG qy dIvwn cMd dy AwDIn
mulqwn nMU Gyrw pwaux leI pUrI qrHW iqAwr sI[duSmx ny
Apxy ikilAW nUM mjbUq krn ivc koeI ksr bwkI nhI
C`fI sI[Kwlsw POj dw mukwblw krn leI nvwb ny AYlwn
kr id`qw[hzwrW gwzI pTwn nvwb dy JMfy hyT Kwlsw POj
nwl do do h`Q krn leI mulqwn AMdr iek`Ty ho gey[jd Kwlsw POj Sihr dy nyVy prMcI qW jMg ArMB ho igAw[is`K
POjW nUM A`gy vDx qoN rokx leI keI rukwvtW pweIAW geIAW pr POj swrIAW rukwvtW nUM bVI bhwdrI nwl pwr
krdy hoey A`gy vDdI geI[ieQy bVI KUnI lVweI hoeI,dohW pwisAW dy hzwrw jvwn mwry gey[ rwq pYNdy swr swry
gwzI mYdwn C`f ky luk-iCp gey[svyyry idn cVHy jd dyiKAw qW Sihr dy swry drvwjy bMd sn[ isMGW ny swry Sihr nUM
Gyrw pw ilAw Aqy qopW dy mUh Kohl id`qy[nvwb ny vI AMdr qopW bIVIAW hoeIAW sn[keI idn bVI iBAwnk jMg
huMdI rhI [

iek idn swry srdwrW ny slwh pkweI ik rwq smyN dIvwrW hyT brUd Br ky A`g lgweI jwvy[ ies qrW
dIvwrW nUM fyigAw jw skdw hY [ies slwh aup`r Aml krn nwl keI QWvw `qy dIvwrW ivc pwV pY igAw pr pUrI
kwmXwbI nw imlI[iPr keI v`fIAW qopW dy sYkVy goly ieko hI QW dw inSwnw bMn ky C`fy gey ijs nwl dIvwr ivc
v`fw mGorw ho igAw[bVI PurqI nwl GoV svwr srdwr Sihr ivc dwKl ho gey ieQy,bVI KUnI jMg hoeI[ pr
AKrkwr Sihr aupr Kwlsw POj dw kbjw ho igAw[

hux mulqwn dy iklyH au~pr kbjw krnw bwkI rih igAw sI [ieh iklHw bhuq mjbUq hox krky Aijq smiJAw
jWdw sI [ieh iklHw isMGW dy Gyry ivc Aw igAw [isK POj iklHy dy cOPyry qopW dy goilAW dw mINh vrwauNdI rhI pr
iklHy aup`r ies dw koeI Asr nhI sI[ lgBg iqMn mhIny bIq gey iklHw sr nhI sI ho irhw[
 mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM hr roj dI Kbr iml rhI sI: auh bhuq icMqw ivc sI ik iklHw Pqih ikauN nhI ho
irhw[mhWrwjw Pqih pwauox dI Ardws krn leI sRI AMimRqsr phMu`icAw[aus ny sRI Akwl qKq swihb `qy jw ky vI
guru mhwrwj dy snmuK Ardws bynqI kIqI ik mulqwn dw iklHw ijiqAw jwvy[

iPr mhWrwjw, AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI nUM aunW dy fyry ivc jw ky imilAw Aqy swrw hwl suxwieAw[ies smyN
mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG dw ichrw bVw audws l`gdw sI[bwbw jI ny muskrw ky mhwrwjy nUM AwiKAw `auey fogirAW dy
pwlkw swnMU pihlW ikaNu nhI d`isAw ? Kwlsw POj nUM eynI AOkV ivc ikauN Psw C`ifAw eI? c`l! jy gurUu ny ikRpw
kIqI qW AkwlI JMfw mulqwn dy iklHy au~qy g`f ky hI vwps muVWgy[

inhMg isMGW dI CwvxI ivc ngwry qy cot lgw id`qI geI pMj sO surbIr AkwlI isMGw dy jQy ny mulqwn v~l
kUc kr id`qw[bwbw PUlw isMG jI is`Dy mYdwin jMg v`l A`gy vDy[bwbw jI nUM bhuq ikhw igAw ik pihly
ku~J Arwm kr lvo k`l idny Dwvw boilAw jwvygw pr AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI ny cVdI klHw ivc ikhw ik iklHw
Pqih krky ieko vwrI hI Arwm krWgy[

BMgIAW dI qop iklHy dy drvwjy shmxy bIV id`qI geI Aqy goly dwgy jwx l~gy ijs nwl iklHy dI dIvwr ivc
pwV pY igAw [auysy vyly AkwlI isMGW ny jYkwirAW nwl AwkwS gMujw id`qw[bwbw PUlw isMG dw j`Qw A`K Jpkx dy
Prk nwl iklyH dy AMdr jw viVAw[duSmxw auqy AYsI qlvwr clweI ik sB qRwh qwRh krn l`g pey[zmIn ayuqy loQW
rulx l`g peIAW’[ AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI au`qy hmlw krn leI nvwb Awp h`Q ivc Fwl ikRpwl PV ky A`gy
v`iDAw pr bwbw jI dy nUrwnI ichry nUM dyK ky AYsw BY-BIq hoieAw ik vwr krn leI sUqI hoeI ikRpwn h`QoN Q`ly ifg
peI[bwbw jI dy jQy dy iek isMG ny bVI PurqI nwl aus dy tukVy-tukVy kr id`qy[nvwb nUM mirAw dyK ky pTwxW dy
hONsly Fih pey, cwry pwsy BwjV pY geI[ies qrW isMGw ny mulqwn aupr pUrI qrHW ij`q hwsl kIqI[

ieh ij`q AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI Ad`uqI bhwdrI dw nqIjw sI [ srdwr Swm isMG AtwrI vwly ny vI kmwl
dI mrdwngI idKweI[jd POj smyq swry jrnYl vwps lwhOr phMucy qW A`goN iehnW dw Swndwr svwgq kIqw igAw[
mulqwn ij`qx dI KuSI ivc A`T idn AMimRqsr Aqy lwhOr ivc dIpmwlw kIqI geI[ies qoN ip`Co vwrI vwrI, ipSwvr
qy kCmIr Aidk v`fIAW s&lqwvW ivc AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG dw Xogdwn A`q mh`qv pUrn irhw [mhWrwjw,rxjIq
isMG ny AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI nUM is`K rwj dw rwKw kih dy snmwn kIqw[

nusihry dI lVweI :

Kwlsw rwj dy sUhIAw krmcwrIAW ny Kbr id`qI ik nuSihry

dy pwr qr`kI nW dI phwVI au~qy duSmx gwjIAW ny morcy jmw ley
hn [duSmx ispwhIAW dI igxqI bySumwr hY Aqy ies ivc
lgwqwr vwDw ho irhw hY [
ieDr Kbr imldyy swr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny Apxy coxvy
srdwrW nwl ies musIbq dw mukwblw krn leI vIcwrW
kIqIAW[14 mwrc 1822 eI: nUM AMimRq vyly guru gRMQ swihb jI dy
hjUr dIvwn s`ijAw smwpqI auprMq hox vwlI lVwxI sbMDI sB
dI slwh leI geI[ AKrkwr srb–sMmqI nwl `gurmqw’soiDAw
igAw ik ibnHW iksy pRkwr dI dyrI qoN duSmx aup`r hmlw kr dyxW
cwhIdw hY[Ardws krky hukmnwmw ilAw igAw Aqy swry Kwlsw dl nUM iqMn ih`isAW ivc vMifAw igAw[

- pihly ih`sy ivc 800 GoV svwr isG sUrmy Aqy 700 pYdl jvwn sn[ieh j`Qw AkwlI PUlw isMG dI AgvweI
hyT hmlw krn leI nIXq hoieAw [

- dUjy ihsy ivc 1000 GoV svwr qy 1500 pYdl jvwn,srdwr dysw isMG mjITIAw qy srdwr &qh isMG
AhlUvwlIyey dI kmwn hyT p`Cm v`lo Dwvw krn leI iqAwr kIqw igAw[

- qIjy ihsy ivc 2000 GoV svwr 3000 pYdl ijnHW ivc 600 gorKy BI Swml sn [ies j`Qy kol Cy CotIAW qopW
vI sn[ieh jQw Swihjwdw KVg isMG, sR:hrI isMG nlUAw qy jnrl ielwrf dI kmwn hyT ,swhmxy vwly pwsy
qoN hmlw krn leI iqAwr hoieAw[ies v`fy j`Qy dw kMm duSmx nUM A`gy v`Dx qoN rokxw Aqy qwkq nwl ip`Cy nUM
D`kx leI nIAq kIqw igAw[

bwkI swry GoV svwr Aqy pYdl POj mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG ny Apxy pws r`KI qWik ijs pwsy POjIAW dI loV
pvygI ausy pwsy mdd phMucweI jw sky[

hux jMg dw ibgl vjwaux dw hukm hoieAw[hr j`Qw mhwrwjw swihb dy swhmxyN AwaNdw Aqy jYkwrw bulw ky
A`gy vD jWdw[mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG jI ies smyN GoVy qoN svwr ho ky a~cI QW auqy KVy sn[aunHW dy h`Q ivc ilSkW
mwrdI hoeI qlvwr ibjlI vWgUM ilSk rhI sI [jdoN koeI jQw jYkwrw gjw ky mhwrwjy kolo guzrdw mhwrwjw vI A`goN
qlvwr lihrw ky jMg ivc jwx dI vdwiegI dyNdw[

jd mhwrwjw swihb dy swhmxy dUjw j`Qw gujr irhw sI bVI qyzI nwl iek sUhIAw AwieAw Aqy Kbr id`qI ik
muhMmd AzIm Kwn 10,000 A&gwn ispwhI Aqy 50 v`fIAW qopW lY ky dirAw luMfy qoN &OjW nUM pwr cVHw irhw hY qW ik
qr`kI phwVI a`u~qy qwkq vDweI jw sky[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny swry is`K srdwrW nUM Apxy kol bulwieAw Aqy ikhw ik ies smyN vYrI dl dI qwkq
swfy nwlo bhuq ijAwdw ho geI hY iPlhwl swnUM aunHW aupr hmlw nhI krnw cwhIdw[swfw v`fw qopKwnw rwq q`k
ph`uc jwvygw[iPr dubwrw vYrI dl aupr hmlw krn leI vIcwr kr leI jwvygI[

AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI mhwrwjw swihb dI ies slwh nwl sihmq nhI sn[aunW ny byDVk ho ky ikhw ik
guru swihb dI hjUrI ivc gurmqw soD ky aus qoN ip`Cy htxW Kwlsw pMQ dy AsUlW dy ivr`uD hY[ies leI vYirAW au`pr
hmlw krx qoN auh ruk nhI skdy[mhwrwjw swihb ny au`nHW nUM smJwaux dI bQyrI koiSS kIqI pr sB ivArQ
irhw[AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI ny muV duhrw id`qw ik auh gurmqy dy ivru`D jwx nwlo ShId ho jwx nUM cMgw
smJxgy[ies ip`CoN AkwlI PUlw isMG jI ny Apny ADIn j`Qy smyq vYrI dl auqy cVweI kr id`qI[ siq sRI Akwl
dy jYkwirAw nwl Awsmwn gUMj au~iTAw[GoiVAW dI mdd nwl luMfw dirAw pwr krky bVI ivauNqbMdI nwl swhmxy
Awey duSmx auqy hmlw kr id`qw’[ msqwny hoey gwzI pTwxW ny AkwlIAW dy ies j`Qy au~qy kihrW dI A`g
brsweI[ieDr bwbw PUlw isMG GoVy auqy svwr Apxy j`Qy nUM A`gy qNo A`gy vDWdw hoieAw dusmx dy AwhU lwh irhw sI[

hux q`k dIAW swirAW lVweIAW ivc bwbw PUlw isMG dy j`Qy dI s&lqw dw v`fw rwj hI ieh sI ik auh plk
Jpkdy hI vYrI aupr tut pYNdy Aqy aus dy sMBlx qoN pihlW hI auh qlvwr clwaNdy ik duSmx ApxI su`D-bu`D gvw
bYTdw[jW qW vYrI mwirAw jwdW jw isr auqy pYr r`K ky mYdwn ivcoN n`s jwdw[ aus smyN ieh g`l bVI pRis`D sI ik
`AkwlIAW dy h`ly nUM swhmxyN qoN koeI nhI rok skdw’[
 mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG nUM KbrW phMuc geIAW ik bwbw PUlw isMG dw j`Qw Ax–igxq gwjIAW nUM mOq dy Gwt
auqwrdy hoey dUr inkl igAw hY[aus nUM ieh vI pqw l`igAw ik AkwlIAW dy j`Qy aupr qwbV-qoV golIAW dw mINh
vrswieAw igAw hY[aus dy AMdrly kONmI ipAwr ny auCwlw mwirAw Aqy asy vyly bwkI dovy jiQAW nUM vI mYdwin jMg
ivc CyqI phuMc ky AkwlIAW dI mdd krn dw hukm dy id~qw[gurmqw krn smyN imQI hoeI nIqI Anuswr v`K v`K
idSwvW v`loN h`lw boilAw igAw [ bVw iBAwnk jMg m`c ipAw[ dohW pwisAW dy sUrmy jmINn aupr rulx l`gy [
golIAW Aqy jKmIAW dy cIk ichwVy nwl Asmwn gUMj auTAw [

dupihr ip`Co vYrI kuJ A`gy vD AwieAw ijs qoN mhWrwjw bhuq icMqq sI Acwnk aus ny kI dyiKAw ik bwbw
PUlw isMG jI Awpxy j`Qy smyq bVI qyzI nwl gwjIAW dy bhuq nyVy phuMc gey hn Aqy b`br Syr vWgUM dhwVdy hoey
dSmx dy sIny nUM cIrn l`g pey hn[

bwbw jI Aqy aunW dw GoVw j^mI ho igAw J`t bwbw PUlw isMG jI hwQI aupr svwr ho gey[bwbw jI nMU GoVy qoN
l`Qw dyK ky swry AkwlI sUrmy Apxy-Apxy GoiVAW qoN Q`ly auq`r Awey Aqy GoVy Ku`ly C`f id`qy[GoiVAW ny dul`iqAW
mwr-mwr ky AnykW vYrIAW nUM icq kr id`qw[

AkwlI isMGw ny ies qrHW qlvwr clweI ijvyN ikswn vwfIAW ivc k`xk v`Fx leI dwqrI clwauNdw
hY[gwjIAW nUM ies pRkwr dI lVweI dw kdy iKAwl q`k vI nhI sI[bwbw PUlw isMG nUM ies pRkwr X`uD kridAW dyK
ky sihzwdw KVg isMG ny Apxw dsqw bwbw jI dI mdd leI A`gy kIqw[auDr jnrl ielwrf dw POjI rswlw vI
nyVy Aw igAw[hux q`k mYdwn ivc mhwrwjy dw v`fw qopKwnw vI phMuc igAw sI[

duSmn POj ivc Gbrwht PYl geI Aqy ispwhIAW dy pYr iKskx l`g pey[ieh dyK ky bwbw jI ny hwQI auproN
Apxy j`Qy nUM llkwirAw ik Kwlsw jI mYdwn Awp dy h`Q Awaux vwlw hY[dyiKau ikqy koeI vYrI quhwfy koloN bc ky nw
inkl jwvy [ AkwlI PUlw isMG ny ApxW hwQI hor A`gy vDwieAw Aqy ho rhI kqil-Awm ivc jw vVy [ iek v`fy
p`Qr ip`Cy Cup ky bYT hoey pTwn ny ApxI kwrbweIn clw id`qI ijs kwrn iek golI bwbw jI dy moFy nUM Awx l`gI
pr jMgI sMjoA pihnI hox krky bcwA ho igAw[mYdwin jMg ivcoN n`sy jWdy gwjIAW dw AkwlIAW ny dUr dUr q`k
ip`Cw kIqw [n`sy jWdy iek pTwn ny mOkw qwV ky bwbw PUlw isMG nUM inSwnw bxW ky kwrbweIn clw id`qI ijs dIAW
golIAW bwbw jI nUM l`g geIAW[ aous pTwn nUM krnl mhW isMG ny jo ik nyVy hI sI ,AwpxI qlvwr nwl toty toty
kr id`qw [

bhwdr AkwlIAW dw j`Qw jd vYrIAW nUM Bjw ky vwps muiVAw qW bwbw PUlw isMG dI ShIdI dI Kbr ny
swirAW dy klyjy nUM cIr ky r`K id`qw [ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny jd ieh Kbr suxI as dIAW A`KW ivcoN ipAwr dy
hMJU JrinAW vWg Pu~t pey [aus ny gmgIn mwhOl ivc iek kImqI Swl mMgvw ky bwbw jI dy SrIr au`pr pwieAw [
Agly idn svyry AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI dw sskwr lMufy dirAw dy iknwry kIqw igAw Aqy mhwrwjw swihb Awp
ies smyN hwjr sn[ mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny bwbw jI dI Ad`uqI bhwdrI Aqy pMQk ipAwr dI r`j ky SlwGw kIqI
Aqy ikhw ik A`j Kwlsw rwj dw iek mjbUq QMm tu`t igAw hY[

: sm`ucy jIvn auqy iek Jwq :

fIl – fOl :
bwbw PUlw isMG jI dw SrIr g`iTAw hoieAw Aqy sufOl sI [Awp jI dw k`d byS`k ijAwdw lMmW nhI sI pr
SrIr dI PurqI ibjlI vrgI sI [ ichrw mohrw bhuq sMudr Aqy iddwrI guris`KW vwlw sI [ swrI aumr au`nHW nUM kdy
iksy ny bImwr hoieAw nhI dyiKAw sI[ ichry Aqy srIr nUM dyK ky aunW dI aumr dw TIk AMdwjw nhI sI lgwieAw
jw skdw [

jwhO – jlwl :

Awp jI dw ichrw gd-gd krdw hoieAw bVw pRBwvSwlI sI[v`fy v`fy bhwdr vYrI ienWH nUM dyK ky hI Gbrw
jWdy sn[ Awp jI dy ichry nUM dyK ky qyj nhI sI J`ilAw jWdw[nvwb mu`jPr Kwn mulqwn dI jMg smyN jdoN bwbw jI
aupr hmlw krn leI A`gy AwieAW qW ichry v`l dyK ky AYsw pRBwivq hoieAw ik vwr krn leI cu`kI hoeI ikRpwn
ibnW vwr krn dy hI nvwb dy h`QoN if`g peI[Awp jI dw bol bVw iK`c pwaux vwlw sI[

prp`kqw :
bwbw PUlw isMG jI Awpxy ierwdy dy bVy prp`k sn[ jo bcn kr dyNdy sn jwn dI bwjI lgw ky vI aus dI
pwlxW krdy sn[pMQ pRsqI ieqnI sI ik byS`k swrI dunIAW iek pwsy ho jwvy pr auh pMQk ihq Aqy ipAwr leI
hI kMm krdy[ jd kdy auh iksy v`fI musIbq ivc iGry hox krky kuJ audws huMdy qW aus smyN auhnW dy ichry dw
jlwl sDwrn hwlq nwloN v`D huMdw sI[

nOSihry dI lVweI smyN gurmqw kr lYx qoN ip`CoN mhWrwjw swihb kuJ Awnw-kwnI krn l`g pey[ pr Awp jI ny
idRV ierwdy nwl gurmqy auqy pihrw id`qw[ ijs krky ip`Co mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG vI mjbUrI v`s gurmqy Anuswr
Aml krn leI iqAwr ho igAw [swrI aumr Awp jI ny gurmqy dI pivqRqw kwiem r`Kx leI syvw inBweI[

infrqw :

AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG ies qrW dw XoDw sI ijs dy nyVy kdy koeI fr jW KO& nhI sI AwauNdw [mulqwn dy
iklyH ivcoN jd gwzI qopW qy golIAW dw mINh vrHw rhy sn Aqy hzwrw BUqry hoey gwzI iklHy nUM bcwx leI isr DV dI
bwjI lgwaux leI iqAwr KVy sn qW ieh byKOP hoky kuJ igxqI dy AkwlI sUrimAW nUM nwl lY ky iklyH aupr tut
ipAw[ijs bhwdrI nwl iklyH aupr kbjw kIqw dunIAW ivc aus dI imswl imlnI kTn hY[

auh eynW by-DVk Aqy dlyr sI ik Awp Kud h`Q ivc qlvwr lY ky ApxI jwn dI pRvwh nw krdw hoieAw
duSmx dy isr `qy AsmwnI ibjlI vWgUM jw kVkdw[ aus dIAW ij`qw dw mu`K kwrn aus dI qyjI Aqy j`ko q`ky ivc nw
pYx dw suBwA sI[aoh qurMq hI Awpxy vYrI dy jw gl pYNdw Aqy aus nUM sMBlx qoN pihlW hI mwr mukwaNdw[

pMQ pRsqI :
AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG bVy dlyr suBwAw dw mwlk sI [ ijhVI g`l iksy nUM kihxI jrUrI smJdy ibnW iksy
vwD Gwt dy kih suxwaNudy[ Kwlsw rwj jd fogirAW dIAW cwlW kwrn Kqry ivc pNYdw dyiKAw qW ieh bwbw PUlw
isMG dw hI kMm sI ik mhwrwjy nUM swP-swP kih id`qw ik fogirAW dy pwlkw Kwlsw pMQ nUM mMJDwr ivc ikauN fobx
l`gW eyN[
s`cw pihrydwr :

iek vwr mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG iek B`ul krn ipCoN sRI drbwr swihb drSn krn leI AwieAw[auh Ajy
v`fI pRkrmW krky drSnI ifaufI kol hI phMuicAw sI ik iksy ny AkwlI PUlw isMG nUM ieh d`s id`qw[bwbw jI A`K
dy Por ivc nMgI ikRpwn h`Q ivc lY ky qUPwn dI qrW drSnI ifaufI dy drvwjy kol Ax Kloqy [aunHW ny bVy krVy
SbdW ivc mhwrwjw swihb nUM ikhw,‘Kbrdwr !vyKIN ikqy ifaufI dy AMdr pYr nw pwvIN, gurU dy dr qy qyry vrgy
qnKwhIAW leI koeI QW nhI hY’’[

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ausy smNy ifauVI qoN kuJ ip`Cy h`t igAw Aqy dovyN h`Q joV ky Klo igAw [inmrqw Bry
lihjy ivc bwbw jI nUM kihx l`gw ik myry qoN ijhVI Bu`l hoeI hY ,mYN auh bKSwaux leI iqAwr hW [sMgq myry auqy
imhr krky bKS dyvy[

bwbw PUlw isMG jI ny mhwrwjy nUM sMgq dI slwh nwl iemlI dy drKq nwl bMn ky 21 koVy lgwaux dw dMf
nIXq kIqw,ijs nUM mhwrwjw swihb ny inmrqw swihq Apxy DMn Bwg jwxdy hoey pRvwn kIqw[sRI Akwl qKq swihb
dy swhmxyN njwrw bVw AjIb bx igAw[ doKoN!auh mhwrwjw ,ijs koloN kwbl kMDwr q`k dy v`fy-v`fy jwlm pTwn Qr
Qr kMbdy sn Aqy ijs dy swhmxy koeI DOx au~cI krky g`l krn dI ihMmq nhI sI krdw [A`j auh Awp sRI Akwl
q`Kq swihb dy swhmxy pMQ kolo Bu`l bKS vwaux leI Awp hI iemlI dy drKq kol jw Kloqw Aqy AwpxIAW bwhW
bMnx leI ip`Cy nUM kr id`qIAw[koVy mwrn vwlw isMG vI koVw lY ky Aw igAw [pr hwzr sMgq ny jd Syry pMjwb dI
inmrqw Aqy Juky hoey nyqr q`ky qW Awvwj id`qI ik bwbw jI jd mhwrwjw b`Dw ipAw,sjw Bugqn nUM iqAwr hY qW
iehnW nUM srIrk sjw qoN b^S id`qw jwvy’[ieh g`l pRvwn kIqI geI [mhwrwjy nUM AMimRq CkwieAw igAw Aqy ies
ip`CoN hI drSnw leI AMdr vVn id`qw[ kwS! A`j vI AYsw vwqwvrn bx jwey [Akwl purK dy crnW ivc Ardws
hI kIqIN jw skdI hY [

gurbwxI nwl ipAwr :

AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG jI gurbwxI nwl idloN ipAwr krdy sn[auh hr smyN gurbwxI dy rMg ivc rMgy rihdy
sn[aunHW AMdr idRVqw,bhwdrI pMQ-pRsqI inrvYrqw vrgy swry gux gurbwxI krky hI sn[auh bhuq G`t
swauNdy[AMimRq vyly Awsw dI vwr suxn dy p`ky nymbMD sn[jMg ivc hMudy jW fyry ivc donoN vkq dIvwn jrUr
s`jdw[duSmx aupr cVHweI krn qoN pihlW gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw hukmnwmw lYNdy Aqy ip`CoN cwly pwauNdy[Awp jI ny
Awpxw Awp Kwlsw pMQ dI Swn leI kurbwn kr id`qw[ jd q`k sMswr rhygw Amr ShId AkwlI bwbw PUlw isMG nUM
Xwd r`iKAw jwvygw[