CeAMlrqHo n3AaEile

tl3IATE.llCKA KOI\4llAHlzlf: [e AfOCTt4Hl,l XEIAC OOI

(De AGOSI I\]I HTLLAS 5RL)

CTPAHA HA 11POlz13XOll: ttpqrn

lzl 3AATEII : llerpoc Kan H ncroc
14KOHOMl,ltlECKTl ItlPEKTOP: Oornc Oorny

MEHI4!XbP HA PEAAKTI,,IPAHE il NPOI3BOICTBO:

BrpAXl4Hiln Kyrpy6ac

AAPEC: BynFrMeHnc 44-46,166 73 AIAHa

(Vouliagmenis 44-46, 166 73 Athens)

MEHI/1IXbP MAPKETI4HI Mnxanhc KyilyKoc

MEH[4AXbP HA |43AAHI4ETO: Hacnra Kopreca
fnABEH PEAAKTOP: Tarn Cxar4araru

lAcax Hpron Spotl 81 IoMoil]H/rK-PEIAKTOP r KOOPATIHATOP 3A

64IIKAHI tE: lrm vrpvc Duuvrpvaauc

nPoLI3BOICTBtH KOOP!rzlHAIOP:
Kapornxa flyrn4y
tultHil.qxbP Al,lcrPl/bVlllzlF: Esu 6o;a
MEHI4!XbP AOr|zrCTrzrKA 11 OIEPA|-ll,4ll:

!ilMilrpilc IacKaflilAffc
KOOPII4HATOP IOI |ACI l4KA 1/ OIIEPA!lz1h: AuroH uc I\nnvc
BenurnRr yqeH u HeroBurr 3axox 3a ABuxeHuero
CnEUIAnHA AAAnTAUI/IS 3A 6bnmPCKlzl E3l,4K:

[eunRr B KpexKo rflao I|/1IA TXOPIX EOOA (GIGA GEORGE EOOD)

PEAAKUtlfl ll KOPEK4Iff: Paruqa llaaafioroea

!eunr npeqil vrcropt4qecKoro orKpt/rile
nEqAT il nOIBbP3BAHE: SYKARIS 5.A.
Annus Mirabilis - [ognnara Ha qy4ecara ll,'lPEKTOP HA nEqATHTIUATA: AXOPAX Cl.4KAPl,'1C

BHOCIITEII: ArhKa lVleAuF 6bnrapilfl OO!

Haqanoro Ha eAilH cnop
o 2008 De AGOsTINI Hellas

CnaBara, KofiTo Hocr/ 3aronrrr O 2OO3 K-K. De AGOSTINI JAPAN

Cpue u Bb3paxgaHe ISSN:1791 4256

Telp4 il nto603HareneH Ayx Cuuuxn: Uniphoto Prest Corbis, American Photo,

De Agostini Picture Library

Ka x u nreneKTyanH uf, r ru raHT orKpl/tBa rpa Bnraqurra? UeHa Ha 6poeBere:

I-.leua xa ntpsNr 6potr: 1,50r8.

UeHa Ha f,fleABaultrre 6poese: 3,70 re.

BcilcKh re(croBe ca 3aUilTeHh c aBropaKn npaBa.3a6paHeilo

e Bbrnpofi lBexAaHelo, chaHilpaHeTo, tpeAaBaHelo ilnil
Yqenure, 06KprrxaBa I{n 3a6ene)Kurer Horo orKptrrue r3nor3BaHero Ha MaTepnanilTe c TbpfoBcKa qen noA KaKBaTo n Aa
e $opva 6e; n/cMeHoro cbrnacile Ha peAaKTopa.

Benuxure reopur4 Ha eAHa HayqHa KoHqenqufl 3a 60r

lryl$gifi rci.lnpiai$aPAgAlEajrAKegg!{eIP]ll4

rr*!e!!rei:lr|liirii. a{lwt:{99:t{ett9!:$t,rrn:ii!':{i8pgrsi€ . q
3a ga nory,lrre no-4o6po o6c.rryxsaHe, nopbqBallre BceKfi 6pot1
::iieiiiit$loqo0lri Ha nopegilqara or eAffH u cbrl1 TbpaoBcrr.l nyHxr r raH$opmllparire
npoAaBaqa 3a HarltepeHueTo c14 Aa KynyBaTe cfreABaqilTe bpoeBe.

3a ga-
i,43AalenfrT cil 3ana3Ba npaBoro Aa npoMeHt peAa fia n3AaBaHe
Ha nopeAfi4ara, KaKTo h npaBoro Ha il36op Ha hMeHara,
KO|/TO qe Ce npeAcTaBffT.
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61.

ro
UcaK HproH
Karue e HeroBrztytT )KIrBor?
XX BEK, BJIA|OAAPEHI{E, HA IIPO|PECA Ha HayKara
npe3 nocneAHnTe cTofleTnf, xopaTa Beqe Morar Aa nbryBaT
B Kocnnoca w [a n3cnerqBar ToBa, KoeTo e o6qoyrgBecrHo KaTo
"nocre4Hara rpaHnqa". Haqanoro ce nocraBfl c l43crpenBaHero
Ha n3KycrBeHilTe cnbrHvlqtA, flBilxeqil ce e op6urrara Ha HauaTa
LU.,,.,:".,

x' ,: :: : a nflaHera. B rparzrHa cMeTKa nbryBatnflTa go flyHaTa ce yBeHqaBaT c

ycnex tA Ha ecTecrBeHilf cnbTHt/K Ha 3eunra cTbnBa qoBeuKil KpaK.
Mnoro or niloHepilTe, nocBerilnr/ xr4Bora ctA Ha m3yl{aBaHero Ha

T ...'.;..,', .-:.1:
npilporqHnTe HayKV, norarar ocHoBl4Te Ha rontlMa qacr or HayKara,
n3BecrHa il npaKrilKyBaHa AHec. /lscnegeaHnflra ilM xbHar nno4o-
Be no4 MHor-o v pa3nvvHrzr QopMl/, Karo rFXHara Bb3Moxno Hait-
BneqarnnBaqa il ApaMarnqHa nponBa e il3cnerqBaHero Ha Kocnnoca.
I. ,l..ll..,..,
..tl ..,.'.

11 ex gahxn vcr optAfrTa H a Ben il KilT e MtAcnvr e ntA, e H e Bb3M oxH o

p e rn

Et
...t . :. r' ....

- Aa noAMnHeM eAHa il3KntoL{r/TenHa nilqHoc1 6es ronro AHeuHilTe

BenilqecrBeHil MvtctAvt 6uxa 6unw HeMilcnm MtA - ctp l/lcar Hpros.
L4 He caMo 3apaAm HeroBilTe rpn ocHoBHvt npilHoca KbM HayKara:
.. .i ...... . . .. . :, . :.:

l,.,,lll.,,,[, t.;,:,,.;..l'
3aronrr 3a BceMilpHoro npnBnrqaHe, il3cne4Ba+wflTa e o6nacrra Ha
:..1,..

onrilKara il nporpecilBHvtFT MareMarilqecKn rpyry"Brrpxy aHann3a c

ffi', 6esrpaurHil peAoeel Ho tA 3apahn ToBa, L{e AonptAHacA 3a pa3Bnrne-

p' To Ha MHoro Apytu HayqHm o6nactu: or reoperilqHara tA npnnoxHa

MareMarilKa rqo reoror-r4 ATa n anxvMtA+ra. BcnqKilTe My nocrilxeHnfl
HaAMilHaBar MHoroKparHo Heqara, Kot4To o6nrHoeeHmflT qoeex 6vl
Morbn eBeHTyanHo Aa nocTilrHe npe3 qenilF cl4 xl4Bor.

ffi, Y.{eHnnr e KnoqoBa nilqHocr B t/croptAnra Ha HayKara, KoflTo npe-

AocraBH Ha qoBeLtecrBoro nbrHara Kapra 3a nbreuecrBtrfl e KocA oca.
Karue e lzlcax Hpron Karo qoeer?
 Il:Ial: IalI lrl Iz l! MrI fil;tI IzI I fi

1517 $ MaprrH flyrep nocraBn Haqaroro Ha llporecraHrcKara pe$opmaqurn.

1543 fl KonepHvrK r43fiara cBoflra reopilfl 3a fiBilxeHilero na He6ecnnre rena.

1618 &
lAz6yxea Tprgecerrogn uHara eofi xa.

1633 $ Tlnrevauqv+ra npil3HaBa lannneo fannneil 3a BilHoBeH no o6eunenuero B epec.

1642 B
lAz6yxea flyprraucrara peBonroqr4fl .

1643 B Hu 4 nnyapw (25 gerervrapu 1642 r. crap criln) e Yncropn (Anrnr,rn) ce pax,qa lzlcar HproH.

1648 B
flprrnovsa Tpr4ecerrogiluHara eoirHa.
1 655 B
Tlcar HoroH e nprer e Kpancroro yL{unnqe e fpauruu.

1660 ff
Pecraepaqnn na anrnufi crara MoHapxilfl .

1661 $ ny, XIV nprzrema aBroKparilqHa ponfl B ynpaBneHilero Ha OpaHrlran.

Hprou e nprer e Keurlr6prgxKvrfl yHilBepcilTer.

1665 $ Benraxara r{yMa - e AHrnils rs6yxsa enr4eMyrn or 6y6oHHa vyma.

1668 $ Hroron u:o6pernea nbpByrn B cBera pe$nerropeH renecKon.

1669 $ HroroH 3anoqBa pa6ora Karo npenoAaBarer B Konexa "Tpvnutn", Kerlna6pra4x.

1672 B
lltpaunr cnop Mex4y Horon r Xyr.
1675 B
OcHoaaxa e Kpancxara o6cepearopurn e lpurnyrav.

1679 I Broprnr cnop Mex4y HoroH r Xyx.

1682 g Xaneeeara KoMera npeMilHaBa noxpafr 3eunra.

1 685 I flxerivrc ll ce ab:xa.{sa Ha npecrona ua Asrnrs.

1687 $ HroroH nocrylrrpa 3aKoHa 3a BceMilpHoro npilBnyrqaHe.

lly6nnxyea rpyga "MareMarrqecKr npuHr-lrnr Ha HarypQunocoSrnra" (Philosophiae Naturalis
Principia Mathematica).

1688 $
B Anrnun uz6yxea CnaeHara peBontoqilfl.

I 689 B
HnroH e r:6paH 3a qfleH Ha napnaMeHra.

1690 E
HproH nperbpnflBa HepBeH cpyrB.

1696 ff HroroH e Ha3HaqeH 3a na3ilren Ha Kpancrnn MoHereH ABop.

1699 ! HroroH noeMa nail-eucoxun o6qecraen nocr B KpancxNn MoHereH ABop - ynpaBilren Ha MoHerHmfl ABop.

1701 I 3anoqea Borirnara 3a ilcnaHcKoro HacnerqcrBo.

1703 $ Horon e n:6pan 3a npegce4arefl Ha EpuraHcroro KpancKo HayqHo ApyxecrBo (Royal Society of London for the
lmprovement of Natural Knowledge).

1705 B
Hnron e yAocroeH c pyrqapcKo 3BaHile.

1710 I flonemurara MexAy Horon ra l-orQprag Ilayr6nrrrq.

1714 $
Curprra na rpannqa Ana.
1727 $ HoroH yMilpa Ha 31 mapr (20 rvrapr no crap criln) e KeHcrnrrts (AHrnrn).

1758 &
Xaneeeara KoMera orHoBo,qo6nilxaea 3emsra.

1915 [| Rranu{afiH o6nesea cBoflra O6r4a reoprafl Ha orHocr4renHocrra.

BerI{KIrflT yrreH v HefoBI,IflT
3arcoH 3a ABIrlKeHnero
Hrorou, crrH Ha cKpoMeH 3eMeBnaAenerl or anrnufict<ara rIpoBI4HrJrrr,, BoAI{
6eAen cryAeHTcKr4 x{r{Bor rr rr3BbprxBa cBorrre rl3cneABaHux 6es rloAKperlara
sa ceueficTBoTo cz. lopu rplr Te3r{ oScro,qrercrea o6aqe, e rpafiua cMerKa
rofi e rasSpan :a Jlyracoe upo$ecop no MareMarl4r<a (AnrNuocr, cb3AalleHa
npes 1663 r. or Xeupz Jlyrac) ua Kefiiu6pr4AxKr4t yHr{Bepczrer rI orKpI4Ba
3aKoHr,rre 3a BceMr4pHoro npvBnuqaHe. Heroeuta craBa AocrI4ra Il-f,na Enpona.
Kaxbe e xrr3HeHrr-f,T frbr Ha ro3r4 yueH, rofiro ce fopAee c raKI4Ba BeJITTKI{
^ BcBoeroAercreoHnros
rrocrux{eHvfl cpel MHoroTo I4cropuqecnvt 14 HayrIHu orKpurll-q na XVII e., n e cnoKoeH u 3aMilcneH, Ho B

AericrBilTenHocr HnKoTa He ce
KaKT,B e rofi raro qoeer? Abpxil KaTo HOpMaflHO AeTe.
Ecrqxure My npffFTenil cMffTar
o6qyeaHero c Hero 3a rPyAHo.
[enmfiT B KpexKo TfiNO
Tpyauo AercrBo
EDI{OIEAHI,IT AEH IIA te+z t. (no crap crun) n e Xana ce Mecril creA Bropvn ct+
I-DpaHHrrre roAtAHt Ha flyprarancrara peBontoqilfl B 6par. Karv6aHapilFra Ha q-bpK-
aurnrrZcxoro ceno Yncropn ce paxAa 6e6e NttHtt.{e Bara ce BilxAa flcHo or AoMa
rrrrouqe.Trrl Karo e npexAeBpeMeHHo poAeHo, TFnoro Ha HproH. Bceru nul, Koraro
My e raKa gpe6Ho, qe Moxe ga ce no6epe B ManKa norneA-bT My ce cnilpa Ha KaM-
reHAxepa. Huxofi He o,t il npegcraBr, qe ro u{e oxtl- 6aHaprnra, oMpa3ara xtvt matl-
Bee, KaKTO il qe,3a xanocl rpn Meceqa npeAil Hero- KaTa, KOFTO rO e il3ocTaBilIa,
Boro pax4aHe 6ar4a rvry ule yMpe. Manxoro MoMqe e nraMBa c raKaBa cuna, ve rotTt ne
Kp-bcreHo Ha cBon 6arLla - lzlcax. flpolzreHo Ha BcilqKrl MOXe Aa Ce or-bpBe or Mt4c-bnra
oqaKBaHilfl , KpexKoro c-b3AaHile oLlenFBa. Aa noAnanil rav6anapnnra n 4a
Sarllara Ha lzlcax Horon e 4pe6eH cronaHilH t4 y6rae ceon AoBeAeH 6ar4a rrr ceo-
co6creeHilx Ha orHocr/TenHo Mar"bK napLlen 3eMF, Rra uat7rxa. Pa:gnnara c uafirara B roAilHilTe Ha paH- ^ LloBeKbr no cpeAara Ha

xorlro ynpaenflBa tA o6pa6orea cavr. TotZ e ua 37 Horo AercrBo ocraBn Aan6oxut cne4vr B Ayuara Ha
roEtAHtA, Koraro cKnoqBa 6pax c XaHa ErZcxoy - lzlcax Hprou.
marlrara na lzlcax HproH. CeMeficreoro Ha matZxara
npilHaAnexil K-bM T. Hap. "qrpxoeHo cucnoene'i Oupa:ara na Llcax Kr,M yql4Jrrruero
A ntt HtAcwa a pilcroKpa qiln. lyrvrara "4xeHrtn ue H "
Iuncara Ha po4ilTencKtt fptAxtA
TonnilHa npeB-
t4
npoh3nil3a or hMero Ha ra3il KnacoBa npocnotlra.
ptqa Hrcron B crecHilTeneH il npilKpt4T MnaAex/
[o roea BpeMe e il3KnpqurenHa pf4Kocr Mbx t4
rofiro npe4noqilra Aa uro6pernea HoBvr ilTpaqKil tl
xeHa c pa3nnqeH cor_lilaneH cTaryc Aa nonyqaT pa3-
peueHile:a 6par, oco6eHo B crporara collilanHa MexaHn3Mil vnv Aa qeTe KHnft/ B cTaFTa
Aa ilrpae HaBbH c Apyrilre Aeqa.
cpeAa Ha roraBaurHa AHrnnR.
Cne4 curprra na 6aqara ua Horou, Koraro cr'tHbr llo roea epeme rofi noceulaBa npeflyqunilu1Ho Aer-
rl e egea rpilro4ilueH, XaHa ce oMbxBa noBropHo cKo 3aBeAeHue.rlrncara Ha KoHqeHTpaLlilF no BpeMe
nbpBilfl peA e KpoMyeff. Totl ce
npol/BonocraBt Ha "6oxecrBeHoro
npaBo Ha xpanr" 9aplr l, Karo ro
3acTaBfl Aa ce oTTeT,nil oT npecTona
sa AHTnus. BnocneAcrBile e
Ha3HaqeH 3a nopA-npoTeKTop Ha
Arrnurn, UJornangva v l/tpnaapna
- nocl xoiro vy npeAocraBn
npaBo!4p!i4r4a B{luc1 paeur','ii:.:.i-':,{{$j::
;r r'' ri-'u{
11
ia.r<pangiinie:ttleli4rur-uprra
cil, BMecTo Ha KpoMyen nporeKroparbr '*."1{
Qairtavecxn npecraBa Aa :'.'.:.: l
cbr4ecrByBa. Hacre4naa To rai-
roneMvtr My cilH Puvap4, t+o{ro
o6ave ynpaennea KparKo BpeMe.

3a cBeuleHilKa 6apna6rc Crvrral ror)rro e Aocra no-
Bb3pacreH or Hefl. B rosu rvroueHT Tfl noBepnBa rpil-
xilre 3a ManKilfl lzlcar na cBorra mafira Map4xuput
Eftcxoy u Hanycxa Yncropn - xoA, xofiro qe ce orparut
il3Knrcqilrefl Ho He6naronprflrHo Bbpxy pa3Bttrilero
ua HoroH. Koraro 3a MoMqero craBa ffcHo Ao KaKBa
creneH AoBeAeHilffr ny 6ar4a e o6ce6un np6oera Ha
HeroBara varZxa, Konro Ha ceot)t pe4 npene6perea
MaflKvlR ltlcax, to 3anoqBa Aa tz:nvrBa HenpilF3-bH
KbM Hero, KaKTO r/ rHFB r/ OMpa3a 3apaAil ToBa, qe My
Ha 3aHFTr4flTa e HeroBa oTntlqilTeflHa vepra, xaro rotl
He o6prr4a BHilMaH[e ua :a6enexrrre r Ha npegyn-
pexAeHilFTa Ha cBoilTe y\lL.i.TenA. Te ro Haxatear c
np'brrKa il fo r3npaulaT Aa cToLr npaB B brbna Ha Krlac-
Hara cran. Koraro My 3aAaBar B'bnpoc, totTt e ronxoea
HecnoKoeH, qe He ycnflBa Aa orroBopt4 npaBilnHo,
3apaAil Koero HeTbpnenvBvtflT yqilren fo MbMpvl t4
AoKapBa Ao nnaq. Ero gaulo HproH ne o6nqa Aa xoAvr
Ha yvunuqe. TotZ ce eptqa y AoMa BeAHara cneA Kpatt

e orHen uarZxara. Llrpreara, B KoFTo cnyxu Cltnr, e Ha 3aHArVATa, KaTO OTAaBa qflnOTO Ct4 BHnMaHile Ha
pa3nonoxeHa B c'bcepHilF Ha Yncropn rpaA/ K'bAero c-b3raBaHero Ha HoBl4 npmcnoco6neurn.
Heycneulrurr Qepuep
Ha 12-roguLuHa Bb3pacr lzlcax:anoqea Aa noce-
qaea Kpancroro yqunilu{e e lpaHruu - MantK rpa4,
pa3nonoxeH caMo Ha HFKolKo MVntA or Yncropn.
Htorou orcflAa B AoMa Ha anreKapn Yrzrnnrvr Knapr.
Bropara c-bnpyra ua Knapx n Xaua ca 6nutxu npnt-
'ITEJIK14.
flo epeve Ha cBofl npecrorl B Kbqara ua Krapx,
Horou c paAocr ua6nn4aea pa6orara Ha cBoff
lzlcax
noneqilren. llpoQecunra na r-H Knapr - $aprvraqeel,
eu:6yx4a np6onrrcreoro vr l.4Hrepeca sa HoroH
KbM HayKara u na6oparopHyrre eKcnepilMeHrr. flpes
roEnHVTe, npeKapaHil crc ceveficreo Knapr, rorTr
3anoqBa caM Aa il3BbpuBa eKcnepilMeHTn v AoptA Aa
npeAn ilcBa co6creeHilre cri neKapcrBa.
llo roea BpeMe rp-bllKrAT v narvlcKvlflT ca ocHoBHr/
KoMnoHeHTr Ha yue6uara nporpaMa Ha noBeqero
cpegHil yqvntAula e AHrnrR. Flporpamure Ha HflKor4
yue6nn 3aBeAeHilfl BKnroqBar c-blt1o MareMartAKa v
cbBpeMeHHa tAcroptAfl. flo-ronRvara qacr or yqtAnw-
qara o6aue He orAenffT MHoro BpeMe 3a npenoAaBa-
Hero Ha re3il npegMern. Horou KoHqeHTpilpa yctAnv-
FTa Cil Bbpxy r/3yqaBaHeTo Ha flaTilHcKr/R il ro oBfla-
cilTeI Te ce croAfBaT. 3a cuxaneHue
TexHnfT poMaHc npilKn]oqBa.
llpes rperara roAhHa e Kpancxoro
yqilnnu{e MarirKara Ha HoroH, Lrr4r4To
nfiaHoBe ca roft Aa ofnaBil $arvrrzrn-
Hara $epivra, ro Monu Aa ce B-bpHe B :.
Yncropn.3a ecuqrr o6aqe e flcHo, qe
HproH crc cBofl npilnexeH xapaKTep
il npeAnoLrilTaHilF, cbc cBofl HayqeH ;:
TaraHT u ronrM noreHqilan Aa ce npe- ;l
BbpHe B'bB BenilK yqeH, He npuTexaBa
HilKaKBa gap6a ga ynpaBnFBa Qepua. i
Taxa Hanpnuep, BeAHbx craAo oBqe
ce u:ry6ea B cbceAHilTe nonn,3acerll
c nueHilqa, il 3anoqBa Aa nace peKon-
rara. B xenaHnero cvr ga pa:6epe rar
ca n36Aranv xil BorHrrre,
H oroH, xofi ro
e rpn6eano Aa Ha6ntogaBa cragoro,
3anoqBa Aa cneAil or6nnso BflTbpa u
Aa il3yqaBa ABilxeHuFTa Ha BfT-bpHilTe MenHilLil4 14 ^ Cxnqa Ha cnbHqeB
qacoaHHK
npuroKa Ha Bogara B F3oBupa nog Qopruara Ha ManKo npoeKTilpaH or HroroH no
noroqe. llpra gpyr cnyva/r, Koraro crpauHa 6ypa npv6-
BpeMeTo, KoraTo noceulaBa
ocHoBHoTo yqrnffule
nilxaBa Sepnara, parailTe ce cyerflT B onurilTe cil Aa
B

lpartm. 3a cb3AaBaHero Ha
AflBa noqTn Ao c-bB-bpueHcTBo, BbnpeKil qe noBeqeTo 3aulilTnT noceBilTe il xilBorHilTe. Hpron o6aqe He cnbHLleB qacoBHilK, oTqilTau
My npnflTenil ce oTKa3BaT eABa Ha nonoBuHaTa n-bT npaBil Hr,rqo Apyro, ocBeH ga na6nrogaea cvnara tA BpeMeTo cnopeA Abrx/HaTa
3apaAil cnoxHocrra Ha e3ilKa. B xparZHa cverxa rofi nocoKara Ha Bnrbpa, Aopr4 14 B MoMeHra, xoraro 6ypnra Ha cflHKaTa, KOflTO naEa Bbpxy
cboTBeTHoTo 3a AeHfr qhcno Ha
oBna4flBa narvHcKufu xofiro e re3il roAr4Hr4 e ocHoB- Bp'bxnerrBa $eprvrara. noaoxeHrero Ha cnbHqero, ce
HilflT e3r4K Ua eeponerzcxaTa HayKa il e r,l3K'lrorlilTeflHo Toea ca orHoueHilero I noAxoA-bl rorro Hprou N3UCKBA V3KTfr CVTCN HO TOq HO
nofle3eH He caMo 3a qereHero Ha BaxHyr 6n6nvorpa- BtAHarv noKa3Ba; ero 3aulo rvrarZxa ruy ry6n scRraxea n03nqiloHilpaHe Ha acTpafl HHTe

$rarzr, no cbulo 14 3a r-bnKyBaHero Ha reopr4l4. HaAexAa, qe cilHbr h saxont AeH ule ynpaBnflBa acTpoHoMucecKil u3qhcneHhfl .

B npoqeca Ha npr4o6ueaHe Ha re:ra $yr-r4arvren- ceMefiHoro cronaHcrBo. ByrZvoro Yunat't Eltcxoy

TanHil 3HaHilfl v yMeHttA Horou 4euoHcrpilpa cBof ycnflBa pa a y6epw Aa no3Bonil Ha MoMqero Aa ce
ranaHr Aa u:pa6orea u rviahctopn Qunrrr 4purynxu, BbpHe B yqilnilule.
Karo c-b3gaBa cnbHqeB \lacoBHr4K xorZro npegcraen
na AH Croprp - AoBegeHara A-bulepn Ha Yrnsvr
Knapx. lzlrnonEeafixw c-bt!ilre cnoco6Hocrn, rorZ cts- : l- n:-
AaBa KyKneHcKLr K'blqr4 u o6saeex4aHe 3a KyKneH-
' jE
il tt N €t M 0 A+ C''tt rfl r[
cKilTe K-br!r4 :a Au n HeirHrre npilflrenKu. flocreneHHo rj:i _:g-ga.i:,

Hpron r AH ce nprzretp3Bar eAnH KbM Apyr. C'uqara

roAilHa/ npe4u Hrorou Aa 3aMilHe Aa cJreABa B yHilBep- HloToH ry5il cAMooEnAAAH14E
Bgercrnre cv roAVHn HoroH e il3Kroqu- cran. Oveer4Ho xynr4aaHbr He e nogrorBeH 3a
Poanara xruta sa Horou renrio xeo6qurefleH il 3aMilcreH. As Cro- 6ypnara peaKqrff Ha Hprou. B rpariHa o'aerxa
pbp - MoMuqero, B Koero ce eno6sa, Hero- lzlcar naganea ceon c'byqeHilK n Bcu'..rKu ca il3y-
Bara nbpBa (ra naoxe 6ra e4uHcraera) nrc6oe, MeHil OT HeTOBOTO CMenO noBeAeHile, CbBCeM
Ka3Ba 3a Hero, qe tofi noqru BilHaril Mt!1qil, pa:nnvuo or o6rvafixara my nacnsHocr.
3apefH B cBorlre Milcfll4/ n pfrAKo v3nv3a Toru nHqu4eHr Moxe Aa 6rge arranpuer
or Kbtqara. l/car e cgegnugo MoMqe, Koero raro o6ilxnogeHa cxBarKa MexAy MoMqera.
npeAno']ilTa Aa cbrBopffBa cnoxHr4 ilrpaqKn lActopunra o6ave parxprea eAHa crpaHa or
B Crafira cill BMecro Aa ilrpae c ApyrilTe xapaKTepa Ha Horou - KoFaro craBa pa3-
MOMqeTa B yqilnilqHilfi ABOp. Apa3HilTeneH, rofi npurncxa npon4BHt4l-l!4re
B HavarHoro yvr4lryr{e oqeHKlrre My He ca cil B brbra. B creneaqilre ro4uuu HoroH,
go6pu, xnto n'bK cnoprHure r,ty nzneu. Cuy- paananurReafixu no noBog cnyqilnoro ce,
qeHilqilre My ro Hapilqar ":y6tp'1 HroroH rasea: "Aro B To3u MoMeHT ue 6nx oratp
o6aqe He ilcKa Aa cil cb3AaBa Henpilflr- Han, Moxe 6u nnxora
Hoclr n o6ilrHoseHo rrpnra 6e:o6parHnre HflMaUJe Aa U3fiF3a
npf Kopil, c Kor,,rTo ro Ha3oBaBaT. or cBofl co6craeFl
Pa:6rapa ce, He BilHaril e rara. EgnH 4eH e rareop."
yqt4nhule HeroB cbyqeHilK 3anotrBa xecroKo
,( Ha creHara B KyxHfi-d Bbs
Aa ro npe4il3Br4xaa. B Haqaroro /lcar rupnu, oqa ua Hnrou
QaunnHara
6e:4a raxe n gyna. [locreneHHo o6ave rpy- rua saannc, n:au6aH or
6ilsHcreoro Ha no6ofiHilra craea Bce no-oxec- nero. Tofi r:gu6asa oulo
ToqeHo vr rofi ranura Ha MraAilfi Mcar. B roau mxa r co6crgesoro cn rue
Bbpxy cTeHaTa B yqffnilule
MoMeHT HnroH nr6p<ea flpocrHo, xBalt1a cBoF
BCeKU nbT, KOTaTO noty'raBa
cby'teHnK 3a yuilTe v fo t43Bnnqa oT KIacHaTa no6pn ouesrr.
,[eHnr npegv{
NCTOp14L{eCKoTO
oTKpk'tTme
flpueu n Kefru6plrAxrcr{fl
\-Hr{BepcrrTeT
C-'rE,q Kcro [oJTyr{ABA cbrJLACI4ETo H,q. rrarTrc,q cn,
HrcroH Hafi-cerHe nMa B-b3MoxHocr Aa npoA-bnxvr
o6pa:oaauuero cr4 B u:6panara or Hero o6nacr.
Heqara o6a,le ce oKa3Bar He ronKoBa po3oBr4, Kon-
KOTO My fi3ileXAaT nbpBoHaqanHO. ^ Korexbr"TpIHrrn"e ocsoeau npe: XVI a. Cpe4 BcilqKil ocraHaflil vHcrvryrv s Keiu6pu4Nrun yHrBepctrTer
xonexrr"TpuHuru"e nari-cnnHo cetp3aH c Kparfl. ETo 3aLlo noBeqero AbpxaBHil nocroBe ce 3aeMar or Bb3nl4TaHrqil
Bte epevero, Koraro e npiler B Konexa '"fpttruutttt" Ha rolexa "Tpruuru'l

e Ker,rn,t6pr4xKnn yH[4Bepcure1, ceueracrBoro My ,( Tprre:axona 3a ABilxeHilero Ha nnaHerflTe, orKpurfl or HeMcKilfl

L43npaula no Aecer nayHAa 4xo6Hu napil Ha roAilHa. acrpoHoM Zoxarec Kenrep (1 571 -1 630), oKa3Bar orpoMHo BrnffHile
srpxy HrcroH B npoqeca Ha orKpilTile Ha 3aKoHa 3a 3eMHoro npil-
Carao xpaHara B yHilBepcilrera crpyBa eAilH nayHg TerflflHe. Kenflep e nbpBflgr yqeH, not,1ro r:vucnrea, qe nflaHerHilTe
MeceqHo. 3a Hero e HeB'b3MoxHo ga ollenee c raK-bB op6rru ca enilncoBilAHil.

rr.ranrr 6ngxer. B pe:ynrar Ha ToBa My ce Hanara Aa

npr4eMe craryra Ha crilneHAilaHr. CruneuguaHTilTe ca 6o,qu cnorarTreaHrlTe qyBcrBa, AoKaro Apyrr4Te cryAeHTLI

6"/AeHrtA, Kol/{ro ca ocao6ogeuu or raKcil :a o6yve- npeKapBar cBo6o4noro cil BpeMe B 3a6aBrreHr1R.

Hhe. B gaA,rRHa re fi3ntnHffBar ua6op or onpegeneHil EgrH geH, AoKaro HoroH cegn B ABopa Aarell
3aAaLril 3a npenoAaBaTenilTe fi ApyrilTe cTyAeHTyr, B T. q.
oT ApyrilTe uyMHil cTyAeHTil, noKpa14 Hefo Mr/HaBa

npucnlDKBaHe B Tpane3apilFTa, KaTo ce xpaHRT c Heu3- eAilH or cbKypcH14qr4re My. ABaMara noAXBaular pa3-
FAeHara or rFX xpaHa. Bcexn 4en, cneA Karo npilKnoqil roBop 14 Horou uayvaBa, qe HeroBilflT cbcryAeHr e
c BcilqKilTe Bb3noxeHrl My 3aAaqil KaTo cTilneHAilaHI, ropMo3eH oT cBoilre c-bKBapTilpaHrn. cnoAenFfiKil
HoroH ce 3aeMa c yqeHilero, onvteaiAt<vt ce Aa ocBo- no6oBTa xru cnoxo/rcrBilero v rtAlu]lt{ara, ABaMara
BeAHara ce cnpilFTerflBar. HloroH fo KaHil 3a cBor4
cbKBaprilpaHr il Bbnpocbr e ypeAeH BeAHara. or
Kf.lwsgga6&, &6&&&M88wr; TO3vr MOMeHT HararbK Hprou u cryAeHTbr lxoH
Ynxwnc cnogenflT eAHa ri cbula cran roAVtHVt HapeA.
6APOY Te u:rpaxgar cilnHa Bpb3Ka Ha 6a3a B3ailMHoro pa3-
6rparencreo, xaro YurrHc craBa He3aMeHrM Apyrap
lzlcax Sapoy e ro:n, xofrro npegaBa orna- My oT caMvrfl Kpafi.
Ha HoroH, KorZro He caMo My noMara npil HeroBilTe
BffBaHara or Hefo Kare4pa -
flyracosara, Horon r Sapoy ca ABe HanblHo npol.4-
na lzlcar Hnrou. llrpeoHaqaflHo 6apoy e BonofloxHvr nrqHocnl. 6apoy e xr,l3HeH, eKcnepilMeHTil, Ho npenilcBa c-brl]o TaKa Ha qilcTo 14
Ha3HaqeH 3a KpancKrl npoQecop (npo$e- AenilKareH u o6ulurereH qoBeK, AoKaro MHOrO OT HerOBilTe pbKonilCyr.
cop perryc * Professor Regius) no rpbL[Krl Hrcron e cAbpxaH rA v3n'ArBa rpyAHocrr/i Cne4 raro a rpariHa cMerKa yLre6HilTe ycnoB/rfl B
e Kerau6pragxxlrfl yHmBepcilTer. flo-rtcHo, npu o6r4yeanero cn c xopara. Oceen roea
Kon exa "Tp 14 H tAT tA" cr aBar n o-Ao6p 14, no3Bonfl Ba fi Kil
creA Karo XeHprzr flyrac ocHoBaBa flyxaco- 6apoy e peBHocreH nporecraHT, Heuo
BaTa KaTeApa no MaTeMaTrlKa, cTaBa nbp- cbBceM ecTecTBeHo 3a eAilH npeflcTaBil- Ha HoroH no-4o6pa KoHLleHTpaLlilfl, rorl ce nocBe-
sunr Ilyxacos npoQecop. Ten Ha AyxoBeHcrBoro. Hnrou o6aqe nma ulaBa n3llFno Ha cBoilTe HayqHil 3aHilMaHilfl/ KaTo
6apoy e cbr4o raKa reonor. Tofi ergna- csoR co6creeHa ilHTepnperaqnfl 3a cbu1- npeAcTaBF HoBa ilHrepnperaqilfi Ha Teopilr/Te Ha
MepflBa Aa pa3B/e cBofira Kapilepa il Aa ce Hocrra Ha 5or, sapa4il Koero He e rufll4-
orAaAe Ha 6orocnoecrnre nayxr.3a Aa npo- qeH BflpBau{. 6apoy ue 3Hae 3a Bb3rneflilre Kennep u l-anrneo, KoFro cMafiBa cBera Ha npmpoA-
Abflxr,4 cBoilTe 3aHyrMaHilff, HanycKa nocTa Ha HoroH no orHoueHue Ha xpilcrvrnH- HnTe HayKil. Tor,t na npaKTilKa npeHe6perBa KnactA-
"npo$ecop no MareMarilKa'l cneA raro eeqe cKaTa Bflpa, Tlrfi xarO i-]i:tir':::tJi:1'1r:i'li.:-.r''!:i:r:':1:::::i;-ii15 ,r;r:.,,rt: : ',:: ; qeCKilTe yqeHilfl, KOI4TO Ca OCHOBeH
e B3enaKTr4BHo yqacrhe s pa:pa6oreaHero axo 6erue raKa, He ;t.',#'..:t;lil KOMnOHeHT Ha yHilBepCilTeTCKaTa
Ha ocHoBHara reopeMa na gm$eperiqnan- 6n ro npegroxnn ra
HOTO tl UHTerpanHO CMFTaHe. cBol4 HacnelHuK KaTo :i i::
,q yqe6Ha nporpaMa, il cnyqarlHo
CuuleepeueHuo Horos, MflaA u MHoro Iyracoe npo$ecop. :l: HACOqBA BHilMAHilCTO CIII KbM MATC-
hHTeIlilfeHTeH, 3aBbpLxBa Kofl exa, nonyLlaBa Egrncreesara .:,r:
MATilKATA.
A/nnoMa il craBa il3cne4osarel. 6apoy noee- o6qa vepra MexAy ii Be4Htx Horou orilBa B
pffBa Ha Hlctou vecrra ga 6tge eroprn flyra- 6apoy u Hprou e
coa npo$ecop, rrri raro qeHr il3KJlor..rilTeflHo
Crayrrp6pragx, rpaA\re 6nraso Ao
TflXHaTa HeyTOnilMa :,i
BMcoKo HeroBytre nocrl,lxeHun. B ocHoeara xaxAa 3a 3HaHHfl. Kerrrrvr6pra4x.,[oxaro ce pa3xox4a
Ha Horouogoto Ha3HaqeHile:a eropr fiyra- tB ynvqHVA naHailp, Tofi nonaAa Ha
coa npoQecop o6aqe croRr nrqHure au6u- KHilra 3a acrpoflorilFra. Kynyea a w
qrar,r Ha Eapoy. [1pe: 1669 r.6apoy e Ha3HaLleH ) 6apoy ce pagBa Ha
nonyrf pHocT cpeA cBol4- ce Bpbula B cBoffra cTafl B o6ulexil-
3a KanenaH na 9apn: ll, a Hnxonro rogvHtAno-
Te Korerfi. E3rKoBnre My
KbcHo, npe3 1673 r., ce epu4a s ronexa'Tplr- cnoco6uocrn npeBb3xox-
TileTO. AOKaTO fl L{eTe C eHTycila3bM,

nutu" xato HeroB ynpaByrTen - nocl noBepeH gat te:n Ha Hnrou. crpaHilqa cneA crpaHilr-14, ce Har-bKBa
Ha Heno3Har cfiMBon. Toraea, :a 4a
MOXe pa36epe KaKBo o3HaqaBa ro3l4 cvlMBor, HtoroH
3anoqBa Aa qere KHnra 3a Eexnugoeara reoMerpnfl.
Tara ce BneqarnflBa or AoKa3arercrBara Ha reope-
MilTe, qe npoLrura KHrra cneg rHura. Koraro nafi-
cerHe crilra Ao KHurara Ha Pene,[erapr"leouerpvfl",
F il3nor3Ba,:a 4a:agun6oqil il pa3Bile 3HaqurerlHo
cBoure MareMaruqecKil 3HaHilfl n cnoco6Hocrn.
Cropo cneg roea HoroH AoKa3Ba 6rHouuara reo- --E4
peMa - eAHo or uarl-paHuure My nocrilxeHiln. Toea
ce cnyqBa eAHa foAnHa cneA HeroBara cpeula c KHl4-
Fara no acrponorilfl.
Iyxacoaara KareApa no MareMarilKa B
Ker)rm6pu4xxr4n yHilBepcilrer e ocHoBaHa cbc
cpeAcrBa, AapeHh or npenogo6Hilfl qfleH Ha nap-
naMeHra Xenpr,r Iyxac. llupennr lyxacoe npoQe-
cop e lzlcax 5apoy, roriro e MareMar[K n reoror. B
yHilBepcilTera ro/r ce nor3Ba c-bc cnaBara Ha cnoco-
6eH u enuRreneH qoBeK. Cnopep cauun Sapoy npea
1664 r. Hpron nonyqaBa 6aranaerpcxa creneH.
llpncrxganero Ha creneHTa o3HaqaBa cbulo/ qe
Horox e Aocrar-bqHo xeanrrrSraqrapaH, 3a Aa ocraHe
B KOIleXail Aa npoAbnxn CBOflTa U3CIeAOBaTenCKa ^ B CpeAHnre BeKoBe HsKonKo naHAeMtrh or 6y6ouHa qyMa araKyBar HeeEHoKparHo Eepona a pauxure
Ha trepuoA or 300 roAAHn v B3trMar xuBora Ha HaA eAHa cerBbpr or HaceneHuero Ha KoHThHeHra.
pa6ora. HoroH, pa:6rapa ce, peuraBa Aa npoAtnxil
Kananll:aqnoHunre cucreMil ca cbBceM nptrMhrrBHu - xopara u3xBbpnflT cBoure eKcKpeMeHTff ff yphHa Ha
cBoFTa h3clre4oBarercxa 4erlnocr e xonexa. Hsrorr yluqara. Taraea HexilrileHnqHa cpega 6naronpnlrcrBa pa3npocrpaHeHhero Ha Benuxara qyMa il3 qflna EBpona

HeoqaKBaHfl ct6wtua o6aqe

r.rle ocyerflT npecron
Heo6xoglrrunre My rtlrxuHa il cnoxoficreile, 3a Aa ce
Ha Hpron e Kerfuvr6pr,r4x, npnHyx4aBafixu ro 4a
KOHLleHrpupa B-bpxy cBoilre il3cjleEBaHr4fl .
npeKparil cBoffra pa6ora, MaKap il BpeMeHHo.
llper 1666 r., Koraro
HtoroH xneee Bce ou{e B
Yncropn, l-oneumsr noxap il3nenennea IoHgoH 4o
MilHaBa KoMera. flpea cnegeaqhn Meceq Benurara
ocHoBr4. AurnnR T-bKMo e 3anoqHara Fa ce cbB3eMa
qyMa npeB3eMa rpaAa. Enn4evmnra, HapilqaHa c-bulo
or Bennxara qyMa u or pa3pp(ara BcfleAcrBue Ha BTo-
"vepHara cnupr'i ce pa3npocrpaunsa 6rpao il B3uMa
para Aurno-xonaHAcKa eoiHa. BupeKu Bcvl-rKo crpa-
AecerKu xrAnAArA xeprBr4. llo roea BpeMe ce pa3npoc-
Hara e npuHyAeHa Aa npexuBee ol4e eAilH rexbKyflap.
, . /.
,

TpaHflBaT BCflKaKBLT CA)D(OBe V KnrcKV U TaKa n3BeCT-

HegaencuNlo or cMbprHara onacHoct; npe4 KoflTo ce
Hurr nonLm4qecxra $lrnocoQTorvrac Xo6c e o6ennen,
il3npaBff aurnwilcntat napog o6aue, rorl npo4unxaea
qe e npeAu3Buxan Bennxara qyMa c'bc cBoHTe KHtaru,
ga o6crrx4a no,qo3pnrenHara nonBa Ha KoMerara.
Kor4To HaBflyr.tar rHeBa ua l-ocnog cpeqy aHrnuil-
cKnfl HapoA. Ero raqo ny6nuryeauero Ha Bcilrr.Kilre - Toea e crasra sa HoroH B poAHhF My AoM, KbAero roi ce nocser4aea Ha HayqHoil3cfleAoBarencKa AeHHoc
u KtAero Bnocne4crBhe peanu3npa cBotaTe nocl,{xeHhfl cneA 3aBpbu]aHero cu or Keiu6pltgx,:a ga u:6erre
My KHurv e Asrnns e aa6paHeHo. Karacrpo$anurare
BenrKara,{yMa.
nocneAnllil or Benurara qyMa n3rnexAar HenpeoAo-
nuMV,a npilqilHeHilTe BpeAil He ce orpaHilqaBaTcaMo
Ao IouAoH. llpea 1665 r. Benuxara vyua uarl-uaxpan
Aocrura rpaAqero Keurrvr6pra4x. Yuueepcurerrr e
3arBopeH 4 nocraBeH noA KapaHTilHa or npaBrrer-
CTBOTO tA BCIAqKIA npenoAaBaTenn tA CryAeHTn Ca npil-
HyAeHil Aa Ce eBaKyvlpaT n nor-bpcflr cnaceHile B npo-
Br4Hr-14FTa. Toea ce orHacfl u ga HoroH, xorlro rpn6ea
Aa ce BbpHe B poAHLrn cu Yncropn.
leere ro4rHil, npeKapaHil B poAHvrR My rpaA
o6ave, ce npeBp-bular e Hafi-qeuHure n npo4yK-
Tr4BHu roAhHil npe3 qenun My xt4Bor. ,[anev or
coqilarHara il HeecrecrBeHa cpeAa Ha yHuBepcilrer-
crara na6oparopvln, rofi uva Bb3MoxHocr Aa ocb-
qecrBr/ cBoure eKcnepilMeHTil e Hata-go6para v v1e-
anHa na6oparop[fl 3a BceKil eAnH u3cregoBarer B

o6nacrra Ha npupoAHr4re HayKu - caMara npilpo4a.

Tyr Horox ce nocBeqaBa il3llflno Ha cBonre HayqHtt
3aHilMaHnF, paanonarafixur c Aocrar-bqHo BpeMe il
Annus Mirabilis - l-oRilHara Ha qy4ecara
I4s6,ruK Ha BAbxHoBeHr,rero
{eerr foAI{HI4 B yJICTopr, 6arainxnr ot
qyMara, ca BpeMero na safi-ronRuoro BA'bxHoBe-
Hre la HproH npe3 qenilfl My xt4Bor. llornex4arlxn
Ha3aA KbM re3il rogt4Hyt, rofi or6enRgea: "Toea
B-bpxbT Ha MoeTo BA-bxHoBeHile, KoraTo Mr4cflex 3a
MareMarilKa n $ranocoQun noBeqe or BceKil Apyr
nurJ' B 4erlcrBnreflHocr ilAeilTe 3a rpflre ocHoBHr4
orKpt4TytF ua Horou - BceMmpHoro npilBnilqaHe,
ceoficreara Ha cBerrilHara u Qnyxcvrnra (graQepeH-
qilarHoro 14 14HTerparHo cnaRraHe), ro cnoxox4ar
nMeHHO B TO3il nepilOA.
Bte speuero, Koraro yHilBepcilTer-br e 3arBopeH,
Hpron pa6ola cbulo 14 no npo6nemnre Ea ceofic-
rBara Ha cBernilHara. Cne4 Aprcroren e Bb3npil-
era KoHqenqvtTa 3a 6nnata cBernilHa, cbcronlt-1a
ce or eAilH-egilHcrBeH ereMeHT, rofiro He uoxe
Aa 6tge pa3noxeHr a qBer-br fi ce npomeHn e uep-
BeH hnil 3eJIeH TOTaBar KOTaTO CeHKUTe Ce CMeC-
ear. HoroH ncKa Aa recrBa ra3il xilnore3a, 3a Aa
BAAV Aanv e BflpHa. B onura cu Aa F 4oxaxe, rofi
h3non3Ba npeAMel [3BecTeH KaTo npil3Ma - Tpt4b-
rbllHa cT-bKneHa np-bqKa, KoffTo, nocTaBeHa Ha n-bTf
Ha cBerflilHara, npoil3BexAa Abra. Hprou orKpfiBa,
qe cBeTnilHaTa He ce cbcTol4 oT eAuH-eA[HcTBeH
qBfll a or MHoxecrBo npocrr4 qBeroBe. B xHnrara
"Mraxporpa$ran" na Po6tpr Xyx rosu onilr e Hape-
ven "crg6ouoceH excnepumenr'l
Hpron npeKapBa ronflMa qacr or cBoero BpeMe
B n3cneABaHnn e o6nacrra Ha MareMarilKara.
Cne4 xaro Beqe e oBnaAfln reoMerpunTa - Hay-
6eue Kara, Korro cnope4,Qexapr il3yqaBa xom6mHaqr-
nre or Bpb3Kr4 Mexgy AilarpaMu tA srAcna, Htoron
Aocrilra Ao cBoflra reoprn :a $nyxcranre cneA no-
HaTaTbUJHO pa3BllTile r il3CJreABaHe Ha ilAeRTa.
Tazt'r vgea AHec e il3BecrHa nog nMero gnQepeH-
LlilanHo yr 14HTerparHo cMflTaHe (uareuarnvecrr
anann:). bnarogapeHne na HrcronoBoro orKpt4-
Tile Ha $nyrcururre, cKopocrra Ha ABilxeHile Ha
TeraTa, KoffTo Ao To3l4 MoMeHT npocTo e HafiyqK-
BaHa or yqeHilre, Moxe Aa 6tge npecmerHara.
Hprou u3rorBn cBoflra pa6ora srpxy Snyxcurare
nocreneHHo BbB BpeMero, npeKapaHo y AoMa.
3narrenraroro orKprrrr,re
Bxuqu Hrcros e MHoro no-Mort4BilpaH 3a cBo-
RTa HayqHoil3cnegoBarencKa AeilHocr, orKonKoro B
Kefim6purgx. Cmnra ce, qe uAeFTa 3a BceMilpHoro
npilBnilqaHe ro oceHflBa ilMeHHo npe3 To3r4 nepuoA
B MoMeHTa, Koraro Br/xAa KaK eAHa n6tnxa naga or
A'bpBo B rpa4ilHara Ha HeroBilF 4oru. Heeuamoxuo
e ga par6epeM Aaan ra3u ucropuA e BflpHa, rAnv He,
Ho e crrypHo, qe Hpron pa3BuBa reopnffTa 3a 3eM-
Horo npuTernflHe rope*ony no roBa epeue. HrcroH
::r:,i::',,r':@
n prrernff06parHonponoplll4oHan Ho Ha pa3croff -
He e
Hnero Ha KBaApaI, qpe3 il3non3BaHe Ha TpeTilF 3aKoH
Ha Kennep (xea4parure Ha nepiloAure Ha o6uxanRue
Ha nfiaHerilTe oxono Cnuuqero ce orHacrr KaKTo
xy6oeere Ha pa3croflHr4FTa ilM Ao Cnrurlero), Karo ro
npilnara ruvr qenrpo6exHara 3aBilcr4Mocr or op6r-
TanHVA nepuoA; rofi o6aqe He nocrilra ycnex c ro3l4
noAXoA. Bce oqe e Hannqe rpeuKa B pa3crolHilero
or eAilH rpaAyc reorpaQcxa ultpilHa.
Ha rogil nbpBil eran HoroH He cno4enfl c
HfiKOTO Te3U CBOil Teopilr4, KarO npeAnoLlnra caM
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j
npuBrl4qaHe, il ce cncreMarv3vtpar Karo npuH- f+'i A ?;;="-
Or gpyra crpaHa, Xyr, xofiro He no4o3r4pa Hru.lo
qwnv c ncnra $opruynilpoBKl4. KHrrara, o3arflaBeHA €ud. &". t;
3a rHeBa n ocxtp6neHilero Ha Hrcrou, Ka3Ba Ha
"Marelnarn.{ecKil npnHqunrrr Ha Haryp$vtnocogi-"
,
t''eea. T-* 5:
o & s"
EAmuuA Xanera, acrpoHoM il qneH Ha Kpancroro
HayqHo ApyxecTBo, qe e ycn8n fla AoKaxe ABnxe- nra" (Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica)
Hnero Ha ne6ecnure rena. XanerZ HacronBa sa o6ac- unil npocro "Haqana" (Principia) - uafi-:uavu64:- *. *
HeHue, uo Xyr npocro orroBapfl, qe Bce oule He My Hr4nr rpyn B xr4Bora ua HrcroH, sarZ-cerue
"*ft_; #r:,r:J""
,..''o;u...,+-rio_,;4i,,i.3T.i.i.:.i,"..15,n,,.,
CnaBara, Korro Hocrzr 3aKoHbr
Crarycrr, rroJryqeH cJreA ) Koraro,lxerinc ll ce cgo6raa c'bc olH

ny6lurcynaHero Ha oolJlqailatt HacneAHvrK, ce cb3AaBa Bb3MoxHocr

3a B'bcraBaHe cpeuly Ar,4Krarypara
na Onnarp Kpomyen.
BeAHer,q crEA trvEnr4KvBAHETo cvr "Haqana"
npegu3Br4KBa 6ypn or xean6v. ,flopra xopa xaro
Xyx, xorzrro HenpeK-bcHaro Kp14T14KyBar Horon,
HFMar Apyr ur:6op, ocBeH Aa ro no3ApaBFT il Aa
My orAaAaT 3acnyxeHoro/ cneA Karo caMilflr c-bp
,!xoH XocrrHc, go6rp npilflren Ha Xyr il 3aMecr-
HrK-npeAceAaren Ha HayqHoro ApyxecrBo/ oqe-
urea HoronoBmTe nocrr4xeHnn. lope-gony B To3t4
nepiloA cnaBara na Xyr 3anoqBa ga aanntea. Ho
F\optA tA cneA roBa rorZ He nponycKa BceKil yAo-
6en cnyvarZ Aa 3aflB/r npeA xopara, qe Horon e
orKpagHan HefoBr4Te rAeil; cBer-br o6a,le eeqe He
ce BcnyuBa B AyMilre uy. Or gpyra crpaHa,3apa4il
ycnexa Ha cBoilTe pa6orrrr cnaBara na HrcroH npo-
AbnxaBa Aa pacTe v Bnt4flHnero My cpeA qreHoBere
He 6prrancxoro KparrcKo HayqHo ApyxecrBo craBa
BCe no-ronFMo c BceKil il3MilHall AeH.
,[o<aro Horou nuure "Harrana",,{xetZvtc ll ce ars-
KaqBa Ha npecrona ua AurnnR.3a ga raretpgvr cBoFTa
Bnacl HoBr4flT KaTonilqecKvr Kpan 3anoqBa Aa BoAt/i vr
HacbpLraBa nonvrtAKa, KoFTo Aa noAcilnil AonbnHil-
^ KaprilHa sa arrnufrcxun
refiHo Brr4rHr/ero Ha Karot14rjr43Ma B AHrnuR. CamuRr Bcrquocr KpancKr/iflr ABop HacroflBa yHilBepcvt-
napnaMeHT npe3 BTopaTa
HoroH e il3KfloqeHile, Ho noBeqero or npenogaBare- nonoBtrHa Ha XVll B. rer-br Aa npneMe 6eue4rrrrucKr4fl MoHaX An6aH
rrre u npoQecopilre s KerZrvr6pr,i4xKr4fl yHilBepcilrer Opaucrac, 6er Aa e nonoxvrfl KnerBa Karo nporec-
ca c Be uleH ri r_[4/ n oc'l eAo BaTen ri Ha n poTecTa HTcTBoTo, ra Hr. Korato yH il Bepcnrelbr orKa3Ba Hacrofl TerI Ho,
L1C
TAKA YHilBCPCMTCTbT NONAAA NOA BNilFHilCTO HA oceMTe AeneraTil Ha yHilBepcilTeTcKt/F cbBeT ca cBil-
pen!4ril03Ho Te'{eHile.
TOBa KaHu Aa ce rBFr B c'bAa npeg lxopgx lxeQpnc -
C-bAl4flTa, il3BeCTeH CbC CBot/iTe CypOBvl npilC-bA/1.
,3
:-t *l
Ha npoqeca 3aMecrH14K-npe4ce4arenflr,{xou

$:t;" Scnx.Yl--L$--6--stFrH
*
*! lleqen e orcrpaHeH or 3anara 3apaAil HenoAqilHe-
Hile il Hecna3BaHe Ha ct4e6Hure pa3nopexAaHilF.
=5s,* KATOrr44r4 CpEqy nPOTECTAHTT4 'e flxe$przrc Aopil HacroffBa OpaHcilc 4a 6tge y4oc-
ToeH cbc 3BaHile. Koraro AenerarilTe ca ua pu6a ga
flyua-ra "raronrK" BoAn cBor npou3xo! or JrrlqecKara q'bpKBa, cneA xato llanara orKa3Ba ' npneMar re3il ycIoBt4F, MaKap il HeoxorHo t4 c-bc
rpbqKara "Katholikos'i roRro oEHaqaea "gce- Aa yrB'bpAn HeroBns pa3BoA. OcHoeaHa e -.
crpaxa/ qe npeqeAeHr-br ule cTaHe noBoE 3a oqe
vupeH'i KaronnqecKara q'bpKBa e sarT-rorg- AHrnilKaHcKara q'bpKBa, Haqelto Ha KoflTo :;
Mara aBToHoMHa qbpKBa, Haqefio Ha KoFTo 3acraBa Kpanffr Cneg roea nporecraHTcKoro
vcKaqnfl or nogo6en xapaKrep, HoroH ce nporl4Bo-
crou llanara. HefiHoro npol,4BonocraBnHe Ha ABilxeHrle npelbpnflBa r3BecreH :acrotit, :
nocTaBF peuilTenHo Ha ToBa peueHile, KaTo TB-bpAt/:
nporecraHTcrBoro ce KopeHu B nporecra Ha Karo KarorilqKara Mepn l:anovaa ga norracra .{! "flntxHlr cMe Aa ce'no4qilHrBaMe Ha npaBHilF peA,
nyrepaHqvrre cper4y gapn: V ilMneparop Ha peQoprvaroprare.Toea o6aqe BoAn Ao ur:xoA i HO He CreABa Aa 6tAervr HaKa3BaHil 3a rOBa, qe npe-
CaeqeHara pL4McKa /rMneplrr. Ha nypnraHilTe, Kor4To ce 6opnr :a no-paAn- He6perBaMe 6eanpaeuero." CneA Karo qyBar re3kl
llpe: Xlll 8., Koraro nana fpr,rropr,rri lX KarH14 npoMeHra. Kon$poxraqvrrra MexAy
AyMil Ha HoroH, Aenerarilre peuaBar Aa He npaBFT
BbBexAa vHlsv3nq'n+Ta, Pulroraronnqecrata re3fi ABe fpynil npoA'bnxaBa rofiKoBa Abnro ^
KOMnpOMT/C.
qbpKBa norBa epermqilre tB qtna Espona. il nponacrra MexAy rf,x e ronKoBa roltflMa,
[iogo6no nolbnKBaHe Ha penilrl]o3Hara cBo- qe craBa HenpeoAonr4Ma. C er:xaqsaHeto Ha lxerZvrc ll npopuxaea cBoflTa arpecilBHa nonil-
6o4a xarro or crpaHa Ha AbpxaBara, raKa n or npecrona na lxeimc I roHQnnrlur ce :agtn- TilKa, Ho ABere naprilr4 B ono3rr-lt4f - roprrrre (pon-
crpaHa Ha l-$praara 3acil,nBa rrlor4ra Ha Ll'upr- 6oqaea u Ao MoMeHra, e roirro Fra Bnacr ilABa nilcrilre) Bnrvre (nra6epanrre), cnflorflBar ycvnv-
tA
Bara, Karo c'bqeBpeMeHHo craBa npl4qvrHa 3a tlapr: l, npepacrBa B flTa aA,3a Aa cnpaT TnpaHilFTa Ha Kpanfl. Tara nper
rraHoro6por)rHn rpareAilu, no4o6no Ha re3il, rpaxAaHcKa sofixa. 1688 r. r,r6yxea CnaeHara peBonpqnn. Cneg ronnv
pe3yarar or r43rapnHero Ha Beil.lvrUl/r. llpegeoxgauvr or Kpo-
HarilcK lxeravrc ll 6nra erre Opauqrq, a yranqM
Maprnu Ilyrep e KaronnqecKn MoHax, Ho ruyen - sotir-rttx n pea-
ror)r nporecrrpa cpeqy npeKoMepHo MHororo HocreH nyplrraH, nz6yx-
Opauxcxlr, nilAep Ha nporecraHTilre il c-bnpyr Ha
ntlAynreHwtA, xonro Lltpraara il3AaBa il npo- aar BofrHilre Ha rpilre Abulepnra Ha ,[xerZrvrc ll - Mepur, KaKTo t4 ry6epHa-
gaea. Tori ce 6opur, 3a Aa npoKapa penilruo3- KpancrBa. rop Ha Hn4epnaHAtAn, noeMa KoHTpona HaA MoHap-
nara pe$oprvraqilfl, Karo orpr4qa BcnqKr4 aBTo- xtAqta.YwnatA ce Bb3KaqBa Ha oBaKaHTeHilF npec-
phrerh Ha Karonrqecrara q'bpKBa. Cnep roaa ron nog IMero yilnFM lll.
Xpl,4CTvlfHCKaTa qbpKBa Ce pa3AenF il ce paxAa ) ABere rpynu B'pBaulil Hrcrou, qilflTo rl3BecrHocr flo6ilBa oule no-ronnMa
xpficTtlFHcTBOTO. B MoMeHr Ha CXBarKa.
npoTecTaHTcKilflT KfloH Ha
cuna cneA cnyqaF B cbAa, e il36paH 3a qneH Ha nap-
penilrilo3- KonQnnrrrruexgyrnx
tlpe: XVI e. Xenpra Vlll o6nesea
Hara He3aBvtct4Mocr ua Agrnnn or Pnmorato- npoAbnxaBa u AHec. raMeHTa. Tara rofi craBa eAilH or ABaMara qneHoBe
Ha napnaMeHra or KerZn6pvt1x.Ktu'A yHueepcurer. 3a
 Hero ro3r4 noBpar e 6naronpilflTeH, Tbfi Karo ce qyB-
cTBa il3TOUleH OT r43CIeAOBaTenCKaTa pa6oTa, il3Bbp-
ueHa 3a HanilcBaHero Ha "Haqana',: CbBceM ecrecrBeHo
HrcroH npexapBa noBeqe epeme e lon4oH,3a Aa Moxe
no-I|ecHo Ea npilcbcTBa Ha napnaMeHTapHfiTe cecmil.
Toea npovenn tA3q,flno HaqilHa My Ha xilBor.
Cnasuu Auu
Bpeuero, npeKapaHo e IoH4oH, npeAocraBfl Ha
3arBopeHufl HoroH npegocrarbqHo B-b3MoxHocrvr
ra o6r4yeaue c Apyrr/re. B ocHoeara cwroir e crec-
HnTeneH qoBeK il He 3Hae KaK Aa ce oTHacF c-bc cBo-
ilre Koneril il no3Haril. Or 4pyra crpaHa, xopara
B rpaAa, KoriTo ca 3ano3HaTfi c HefoBtlTe HayqHLr
nocrr/xeHilF ncnl6opaMy3a qneH Ha napraMeHTa,
He ilcKar Aa fo vr3ocraBFT caM.
TorZ ce enycxa B pa3roBoprtt v o6weua wAev, oco-
6euo penrrno3Hrl, c $ranocoQa flxou flox, Kororo
cpeula B eAilH l,,rHTeneKTyaneH canoH. OceeH roea
EBaMaTa ycTaHoBFBaT/ qe cnoAenflT eAHa il cbula
paqiloHanHa ilHrepnperaqva na 6w6nvRra. Bcexr
or rFX yBaxaBa gu6oro rHreneKra Ha ApyrilF.
lope-gony no c-blt1oro epeve HoroH noAHoBFBa
KoHraKrilre cil c-bc cBoF 6neu: cry4eHr s KerZvr6pra4x
9apn: Monraro, n-bpBr4 rpaQ ua XanraQarc. B ro:ra
MoMeHT rofi e e4ua or Hafi-enilRrenHlrre Srarypra
e flemoxparilqHara naprilF n no-K-bcHo craBa
KaHqnep Ha xa3Hara (vrranrrrcrrtp Ha $rzrHaucr,rre).
Snaro4apenue ua MoHraro, Horon BbpBrl B KpaK
ctc ca6vtwara B nonilTilL{ecKilF cBFT r/ ce paABa
Ha cneqilanHo orHoueHne or crpaHa na Caupen
lftttitnc, 6ileLU rM14Hl,rcrbp Ha BoeHHovropcxnn $nor.
Ttrl xaro no BpeMe Ha CnaeHara peeonoqrn l1nfinc
ce orrerfln or cBoF AbpxaBeH nocl rofi pa3nonara
c AocTaT-br{Ho BpeMe 3a aKaAeM/{qHr4Te BellnqilF.
3naefirvr unoro go6pe KaK Aa ce cnpaBn c-bc cra-
pvre fivctAt-lvt, rofi eteex4a HproH s cBera Ha coqil-
anHnre KpbroBe, roilro e c-bBceM pa3nriqeH or AHvrre
Ha yeAilHeHile v Hayv'HtA r43cfieABaHilF.
Horou c
eHTycila3'bM yqacrBa B 3aceAaHilFTa
Ha SprraHcroro KpancKo HayqHo 4pyxecreo. Tyr
cper4a u.reerlqapcKr4fl MareMarilK HNxona (Dacro
Abo . Mex4y,:rnxcg 3apaxga cilnHa Bpb3Ka
€rr: ',
-+::i I
::;:--'jiEaiir '.'
.
!,/--
) YecrurHcrupcxr/Fr ABopeLl
e Anmrn ce h3non3Ba Karo
KaMapa Ha napnaMeHTa. 3apaAil
HeBepofl THaTa cr apxilTeKTypa
B roTuqecKil cTilfl ABopeqlT e
perncrpilpaH xaro O6exr sa
cBeroBHoro racnegcreo. Tyr e
norpe6aHa npuHLleca,4afl Ha.
^ [Nop4N flxe$pnc il3npau]a oKono
300 Ayuil na 6ecunoro B Aenoro
cpeqy nbpBilfl xepqor Ha iMoHuayl
xoftro ercraga cpeuly AxefiMc ll.
Hapnvau "xtpeasvflr cbAvfl", HeroBilTe
6e:unnocrnu trprcbAtr nnauar BceKuro.
- 6prraHcKoro KpancKo HayqHo ApyxecrBo
e uaft-crapara HayqHa aKaAeMflF B cBera.
IlrpsoHavarno npeAcraBrfl Ba 3aceAaHile
Ha yreHu or Oxc$opAcKl/fl yHilBepcilrel, Ho
no-KbcHo KpanlT To nprlHaea o$rquarno
no4 umero Kpancxo HayqHo ApyxecrBo
("Royal 5ociety").
oqe oT caMoTo Ha'{alo. oacro e MnaAex, qHhTo
raraHr e npil3Har ot llartt6uvt4 il 5epHynil, Karo ce
cMflTa, qe rofi oqeunea "Ha,lana" noBeqe or BceKtl
Apyr yqeH. Koraro pas6rapa, qe npeAXoEHoro 143Aa-
Hue e r43qepnauo, Huxona vcKa pa3peueHme or
Horon Aa peAaKTupa il Hankiue KoMeHraph K-br'l
cneABa uloro 143AaH ile. Btnperr qe peAa Krh pa Hara
Bepcmn Ha KHilrara HriKora ne ce ny6nrxyea, Horon
e nonacKaH oT HeroBoTo npeAnoxeHile utoi,ezun"a
noA cBoeTo KprAnoro3vt MHoro no-MflaA MaTeMaThK.
c no4o6Hrzr xopa, HrcroH nph3HaBa
O6r4yearZxra
npe4 IoxcBovrre Bb3rnegil 3a reonorilFTa, Ao Kohro
AOCTilra CneA MHOrO pa3MilCnil V HayUHt t43cre,A-
eaHilR. MHeHilero My ce cBexAa Ao orpt4qaHe Ha
Ceerara Tporzrqa, vnA Ha eAnHcrBoro MexAy locnog.
lzlcyc Xprrrcroc u CeerrR flyx.,{orrprrrlara :a Ceerara
Tporzrqa e or oco6eHo 3HaqeHvie 3a noAA-bpxaHe
Ha xpLrcl4nHcKoro eAilHcrBo; ueitnoro orpt4LlaHe e
paBHocilnHo Ha eperu3-bM. Ior o6erilaea Aa c-brpy.l-
Ht/tlil npil HanncBaHero v ny6nwxyeauero Ha ro3r'1
TpyA, He3aBilcvrMo qe 6u uorrrn Aa 3acrpaLxil no3r4-
rjr/ilre B poAilHara my. llpegnonara ce, Lre p-bKonh-
cb1, o3arnaBeu "lzlcropuvecKa paBHocMerKa 3a ABe
3a6enexnrenHil rpeuK/r B CBeroro nncaure" (An
Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of
Scripture), e rpn6eano Ea 6r'Ae ny6nuxyeaH ratauo
no 3ao6ilKoneH HaqilH, Karo HanpnMep Aa 6tFe
HanilcaH Ha $pencxra il Aa ce ny6nvxyea e Xoraugrn.
B rparina cMerKa o6aue crpaxtr epernqHure My B-b3-
rneAil Aa 6rr4ar pa:xprarn or o6ulecrBoro h HeTo-
BilTe Koreril, B-b3nilpa HproH or ny6ntxaqnata.
 CpuB tA Bb3pax,qaHe
Tpyguocru c HaMr.rpaHero Ha pa6ora
Korero yrIpABtr{TErItr Ha KpancKilfl Kollex B
Kefina6pr4x yMrpa npe3 aBrycr 1 689 r., npuflrerure
ua HproH xaro fixon Xemn4rH or,{erritorparuqHara
naprrr u Kpvrcruan XrorZrenc. yqeH, ce o6ptr4ar c
traon6a rum Kpann Aa Ha3Haqr HproH Ha BaKaHr-
Horo Mflcro. Ttrl xaro o6aqe HoroH He orroBapn
Ha KpfiTepilrre - He e cBeqeHilK unr npoQecop
e Kpancrur Korex, mon6ara e orxBbpneHa. ,{opra
qoBeK c nocn4xeHnrra Ha Hrcrou He Moxe Aa
HaKapa YHreepcnrera Aa npeocMilcnil peueHil-
eTo TonKoBa cKopo cneA Kpafl Ha TnpaHnfTa Ha
,Qxefiuc ll.
Tui xaro ponnilcrure ilMar MHo3r4HcrBo B napna-
MeHTa, :a HoroH ce oKa3Ba rpy4Ho Aa nonyqu Abp-
xaBeH nocr B MLlHr4crepcreo. Karro ce il oqaKBa,
cneA pa3nycKaHeTo Ha napnaMeHTa 3a HoBn Aene-
Tarn or HMero Ha Kefirrn6pragxrnn yHuBepcilrer ca
uz6paaw npilBbpxeHnqn Ha PonnucrKara naprilfl
r Hpron ry6r ceonra pa6ora Karo qreH Ha napna-
MEHTA.
Bcnegcreue rorl cper4a rpy.qHocn4 c HaMupa-
Hero Ha pa6ora. Toea, xoero no4Kpenn HtoroH e
ro3r4 MoMeHl ca 6naropo4ntATeycttnv+ na flox. Tofi
ypexAa cpeula MexAy Hpron u AilnroMara xepqor
Monuayr; orroBop'bl xofiro nonyvaea o6ave, e, ue
3apaAH HaAMOqileTO Ha poflItncTuTe
B To314 MOMeHT
u{e e rpygHo Aa ce HaMepu go6tp nocr 3a HproH.
flper cnegeaqara roguHa rofi npenoptqea HoroH
3a MbxHocrra ilHcneKTop e Kpancrnn MoHereH
ABop 14 AilpeKrop Ha yqunilulero "9aprupxayc".
Onurure rrny o6ave He ce yBeHqaBar c ycnex il B
xpaina cMerKa Hpron ce 3aBp-bqa e Kerhu6purgx.
Hepneu cpnn
llpe: 1693 r., cne4 re3n HffKonKo cnyqKn, Horou
3anoqBa 6aeHo 4a ry6vr ncwxuuecKoro cr paBHoBe-
cre. llocreneHHo 3anoqBa Aa noKa3Ba cilMnroMu
Ha cepno3Ha Aenpecnf, KaTo floul14 xaflollilHaqnm
u zary6a Ha naMerra, il r3npaula Ha npilflTeflltre
6espa:crtgHil nucMa, c Kollro o6nenea Kpafl Ha
cr,r
rFXHoro nprnrencrBo. Ha Jlor u3npaula nilcMo c
AyMilre: "Koraro pas6pax, qe cre 6oneH, ce Ha4fl-
BaxAa yMpere'i a na llufinc nrue c yxaceH noqepK:
"Hsiuau HaMepeHile Aa ce cpeqam c Bac unu c
Hnxofi 4pyrl'Koraro llufinc 3anoqBa Aa ce rpeBoxt4
:a ctg6ara Ha HoroH, nura eAilH ceofi npnnren e
Kerirvr6pu4x, xorlro rvry orroBapfl, qe Htoron crpa4a
or HepBHo pa:crporlcreo, Ho He e zary6un pa3cb-
AbKa cr.,{ea meceqa no-KbcHo l1urlnc rann HoroH
Aa ilrpaflT 3apoBe, 6es 4a cnomeHaBa Huu{o 3a npe-
AuurHoro My nilcMo. Hpron orroBapn ee4Hara 6er
HhKaKBn 3aTpyAHeHUfl ilnil npenpaTKu KbM cTapaTa
KOpecnoHEeHqilF.
Koraro orHoBo Bb3Bpbqa cnoxorlcrerero cvt,
HtoroH nonyqaBa ronno nucm6 orflox, Koero ilacu:
"6nxvcxan ga Bra cnyxa no BcflKaKbB HaqilH - raKa,
KaKro cMerHere ta 4o6pe."
Fnaro4apeuuF Ha yamv+Ta Ha cBohre nprnTenu
r Crapa anrnnicxa 6anxHora or
eAltH nayHA. Ha xonssoro cu HoroH e
nocraBrn xonne sa "Haqana'l enxAa ce n
peQnexropHunr renecKon, a xaro $oH e
u:eecrsoro g6'bnxoBo AbpBo.
YtIEHUTE, OEBI4Hf BAH14 B EPEC
B Eapona npea Cpegr-roeeKoBuero Pyrrvrora-
TornqecKara qbpKBa pa3nonara c a6conorxa
snacr. Xopara, Kolrro rBbpArr l4Jl4 roBoprr
Heqa, B pa3pe3 c Mr4pofneAa, 3anoxeH oT
[upxeara, ca n3npaBflHl4 Ha cb.q. B cnyvari
ve 6t4ar o6Raenu 3a BilHoBHu, 6ilear erce-
KyrupaHn qpe3 il3rapflHe Ha KaaAaTa unv
oTIlbqBaHu KaTo "xopa, Kol4To l(oHTaKTyBaT
c AflBona, r. e. eeqnqn/eeqepn" ("eeu{mqal
Beqep"e repMmHbl r3non3BaH 3a eperuqure,
a yqeHure He npaBfr r43Knpqerre).
,{o6pe rareecrHo e, qe eenuruRr lanil-
neo e npecneABaH oT r4HKBr43vt-Ivt''ra3apafln
ToBa, qe nopKpenn reopnflTa na Konepurax.
Ha npoqeca rofi ycnnaa Aa cnacu xuBora
cu, KaTo ce cbmacnBa HuKora noBeqe Aa He
I Xopara, r:npaenun Ha ct4 u o6naaBaHu 3a
Br4HoBHvl B 3aHhMaHuF c MartocHrvecreo, 6naar
eK3eKyrhpaHh. HaquHilTe 3a eK3eKyrhpaHe ca MHoro,
Karo HanpilMep n3rapsHe Ha xra4a rnu o6eceaHe.
I 3a r:crqasero Ha eAHa MoHera B
KpancKur MoHereH ABop pa6ornr 50 KoHr
n 300 pa6oruuqu. Koraro MoHerHnrr ABop
pa6oru c nbneH KanaqtrTel a AHrnhq nsua
naprueH 4e$rqrr.
Hprou ce Bb3craHoBnsa. llpel 1695 r. MoHraro,
Beqe MnHucrup Ha QraHaHcvre v npeAce4aren Ha
Eprrancroro KpancKo HayqHo ApyxecrBo, npeA-
nara Ha HproH nocra na3nrefi Ha KpancKufl MoHe-
reH ABop. HoroH npueMa, Ho 3ana3Ba pa6orara cu
raro npoSecop B Konexa "Tpr,tnnnw".,{nrxuocrra
e cnHeKypHa.3a MoHrarp xecrbr e Karo noAap-bK
3a HeroBfifl npilFTen a4y,vvfien, c KofiTo ilcKa Aa My
3acBngerencrBa cBoero yBaxeHile. flo epeuero Ha
HproH o6aqe Aa 6r4eu na3nrer, ce npeBpbqa B
Heulo MHofo noBeqe oT cilHeKypHa AnbxHocT.
PaxAanero Ha cbp I4cam
3a Aurnvta B To3r4 MoMeHr e Hafi-eaxHo il cneuHo
Aa Bb3craHoBu $uuaucoeara cu cra6unHocr.
noAAbpxa raau ugen. Or 4pyra crpana, ruri
Karo ilranhaHcxrRr $unoco$,[xopgano
6ypno r.re npoMeHr cBoero MHeHhe, npe3
1600 r. rori e h3ropeH Ha KnaAara.
Brnex4afiru ce B ilcropl,lflTa, ga Horon e
qflno qacTue Aa ce poAl4 B AbpxaBa, KoRTo
He e Beqe no4 KoHTpona na Puuoxaronu-
qecKara qbpKBa. Hegaeucll^4o or roea, roft
e npuHy4eH Aa Kpile $axra, ve He BflpBa B
Ceerara Tpouqa, KoflTo e or raKoBa 3Haqe-
rue ga AnrnuxaHcKara LlbpKBa.
flo roea BpeMe yqeHure He npogbnxa-
BaT il3CneABaHufl, KOVIO OTpl4qaT CbU{eCT-
ByBaHero ra Focnop unt xpncrvtflHcrBoro.
lo6rraxaearaxu ce Ao roBa, Koero BnpBal
qe e ncTilHa, qpe3 eKcnep!4MeHTu u npenno-
toxeHhfl, Te npocTo npaBflT 3aKnoqeHueTo/
qe n3cfie.qBaHero e HecbBMecrrMo cBu6nu-
ATa UnV qbpKoBHuTe y'reHufl, 14 fo npeKpa-
rRear. Oanrrl qe caMnf,r Horos re npileMa
Ceerara Tpolrqa, e pe3ynrar or co6crsenara
My 143cfl egoBarencxa pa6ora.
Vlnxevzu4vtara e orMeHeHa npea 1808 r.,
Bb3craHoBeHa npee 1 81 4 r. v 3a8,nHarv u3Ko-
peHeHa npea 1834 r. flper 1983 r. nana floax
llaeer ll npil3HaBa, qe npoqecbr cper4y lanra-
neo e 6mn rpeulKa.
Hanuqe e napiltleH geQrurrlml, a n tuitr Karo cpe-
6tpHrrrre MoHeril ce n3cr4qar Ha p-bKa, $anurrr$ra-
qupaHeTo Ha napil c TaKilBa eneMeHTapHil Tex-
Ht4Kil, Karo 06pf3BaHero Ha crpaHilTe Ha MoHerilTe
c Hoxr4qr4, e uilpoKo pa3npocrpaHeuo.3a Aa ocb-
qecrBl4 napilqHara pe$opivra, HproH peuaBa Aa
y4bnxil pa6orHoro BpeMe Ha Kpancxun MoHereH
ABop Ha 20 qaca AHeBHo. Taxa nponaeoAcrBeHilFr
o6eM cKaqa or 1 5 000 nayHAa na 1 20 000 nayHga
ceAMr,rrlHo m npo6neurr c napr4qHilfl geQuqrar
pa3peureH.
Cne4eaqara cr-bnKa ua HproH e Ea pa3pa6oril
cilcreMa 3a orKpilBaHe Ha $anluilera napra. Ttrl
KaTO HerOBilflT nOCT Ha na3ilTer BKnloqBa lopUAr/-
qecKil npaBoMor.l.1r4n, rofi ocrrx4a 6egmunocrno
npecrbnHilLl/re. Harir-ronnMara My Llen e il3Becr-
nwat Yvnattrt 9anonup, rofiro ycnnea pa vz6ara
cr4e6uoro npecnegBaHe HflKolKo nbru. Tof e ron-
KoBa Har-bn, ve Aoprl B c-bga ornpaBfl o6enHe-
Hile B il3MaMa cpeuly Kpancxrn MoHereH ABop.
HrcroH Lr3creABa ecnxo gerlcrBre Ha 9anouup,
TOiIHO KaKTO QaXrrzrre u pe3ynTaTuTe oT cBoilTe
HayqHil pa6orn, u e rparlua cMerKa u3npaqa ro3r4
3nocropH14K, Ha4x?trpun 3aKoHa 6e:6porZ nbrm, Ha
6ecunoro. Bnocnegcreue 6ponr Ha npecrbnreHil-
rra, cBbp3aHn c $anLuraQtAKa\wF Ha napil, HaMa-
nFBa ApacrilqHo. Tpu roAtAHtA no-K-bcHo Horou uafi-
HaKpafl nonyqaBa 3acnyxeHoro AoBepile il noeMa
Hail-eilcoxr4s nocr
- ynpaBilTen Ha MoHerHylfl ABop,
xotlro:ana:ea Ao Kpafl Ha xilBora cu. B rcropu-
Fra Ha Kpancrun MoHereH geop Hroron e eAilH-
crBeHilFl xorlro or no3ut-ltlnTa Ha na3ilTer e tA3AtAr-
Har Ao ynpaBhren. Karo raxue HeroBr/flT t4HTepec
ce il3MecTBa B nol3a Ha 3aAbflXeHuflTa My, CBbp-
3aHil c A-bpxaeHara cnyx6a, v roia noAaBa ocraBKa
or nocra cu Karo npoQecop B Konexa "fpvauru".
llpe: 1703 r., xoraro ce orltyxAaBa Bce noBeqe
il noBeqe or HayKara, Hrcrou e u36paH 3a npegce-
Aaren Ha Kpancxoro HayqHo ApyxecrBo. Tora npr-
eMa npe4noxeHilero/ rrfi raro MaKap u Antx-
Hocrra Aa npe4nofiara pbKoBoAHu $ynxrlNur, rn
e no-cKopo alMLtHklcTpaTilBHa, oTKoJlKoTo CXO-
flacrilqHa. B gerlcreurenHocr rMa oqe eAHa npm-
e I
^ Kpan,aqa Ana (uaveno Ha AHilflF or
'1702 t. 1 71 4 r.) He ce L4HrepecyBa
Ao
or nortlTuKa. Ero:aqo ce rBbpAil, qe
Ts nonara ocHoB,lTe Ha TpaArq[flTa Ha
6puraHcxara xpancxa Qaurrnr
/'4a
LlapyBa, ro 4a re ynpaenneal
,( Cneg cmrprra na
XyK HrKor,l He Moxe Aa
ce npoTnBonocraBh Ha
Hntog g xaqectgoto
My Ha npeAceAaTen Ha
Kparcroro 4pyxecrao.
p-uxoeo4r gpyxec-
TorZ
TBOTO C XeflF3Ha pbKa
ynpaBneHrero My
nocTeneHHo cTaBa Bce
no-gecnorrvro. Ka:aa1
.le HrcroH noBiluaBa roH
popr ua Xareri.
qilHa, Koflro Kapa HloroH Aa noeMe npeAceAaren-
cKilfl nocr. Crqara roAilHa Xyx, xofiro ce onhrBa
no BcFKaKbB HaqilH Aa Abpxfl Hprou Aaneq or
SpuraHcxoro KpancKo HayqHo ApyxecrBo, yMhpa.
Ero :aqo HflMa noBeqe npwtlAHtA 3a Kone6aHhe
Aanil Ea npileMe, vntA He Mf croro. llrpeara cr-bnKa.
KoflTo TlcaK HproH npeAnpileMa, 3a Aa cbxr4Br,J
ApyxecrBoro, Koero MexAyBpeMeHHo e h3ry6hro
TBopqecKLlfl cn eHTycila3bM tA vMnynq e Aa h36rra
or HacregcrBoro Ha Xyx. Tttir Karo BcrlqKrl Belur4.
cB'bp3aHil no HRKaKbB HaqilH c Xyr, ca fi3xB-bp-
fleHil, HefoB[4FT nopTpeT ilnil c'b3AaAeHHTe oT Hero
MauilH14 u MexaHil3Ml4 He AOCTilTaT AO HaC. Luor,1
KaTO Beqe HFMa 3aU{O Aa Ce npilTecHflBa, rte ule
6r4e HeocnoBarerHo HanaAHar il 068r/HeH or A'br-
foToAr4urHr4R ctl onoHeHl HproH orHoBo cb6hpa
BCVtr{KTA HayqHil il3cfleABaHilF na "ontV,Xa", ntro-
penil no-paHo npe3 foAl4Hr4re. lllo ce Kacae Ao Bpe-
MeTO Ha h3AaBaHe, rOfi Ka3Ba;"3a6aeux ce,3a Aa He
6t4a ereneveH B HoB Ntcnyr:
flo-rrcHo, npet 1705 r., KpanilLla AHa noceqaaa
Ketl m6pugxr vfl y HrAlepcrArer u ygocrofl Ba H toro H c
pilLlapcKo 3BaHile. Tofi e ntpennl KofiTo nonyLlaBa
pilqapcKo 3BaHme 3apaAn cBoLlTe HayqHh nocrilxe-
HilF. Koraro npeEil qeTilpilAeceT roAtAHtA e npiler B
Korexa "Tpunwv", rofi e 6eAeH KaHAilAar cl4neH-
BilaHL a Cefa cFKauJ oule c paxAaHeTo cH e cbp
lzlcar Htorou.
Teu gA ut n p6o3HareneH Ayx
Kofi e nprn?
Be.m v4ocroEH c plTIIApcKo 3BArilm, HproH orHoBo
Brrr43a B cnop. Toau n-br craBa B"bnpoc 3a orKpnBa-
Hero Ha MareMaruqecK tAA aHa nv3 (4n$epeu rlraan uoro
H nHTerpanHoro cruRrane), Koero cr4 ocnopear Hrcron r
repMa H cKl4rr MareMaril K lorQpra4 Bunxenm I1ail6nv4.
Karro 6e Beqe cnoMeHaro, gn$epenqilarHoro 14 r4Hre-
rparHoro cMrraHe Ha larZ6nurq u reopuffra Ha $nyrcra-
rre na HoroH non3Bar pa3rilLrHr4 noAXoAr4 (o:naqe-
Hnn), uo 3a eAHu vt cbuJtt noHflTl4r. Bunpocrr e rorZ
npbB oT Tflx cTilra Ao peueHilero.
Orono 1676 r. Ilail6nwq u3npau.la nilcMo Ao
Kpancxoro ApyxecrBo cbc 3anilTBaHe orHocHo
erana Ha pa3Bilrue Ha MareMarurara. Ongen6ypr;
ceKperapnr Ha ApyxecrBoro, cu6upa HflKonKo 3Ha-
qhrenHu MareMaruqecrr pa6orra il ru u3npaula Ha
I1aft6uwt1. Ilait6n ra q aa6enneBa pbKon ilca sa H rorou
:a $nyrcrrre n tAcKa or Hero no-nogpo6Hn o6nc-
HeHr4F. B ceoR orroBop lzlcax cnomeHaea 6mHoAn-
HaTa TeopeMa, Ho He onncBa FcHo cBoflTa Teopilf
:a $nyrcrrare, a caMo cnoMeHaBa HrKovr KoAilpaHvr
r,rgen. OcnoenilFr BaxeH Bbnpoc e Aanil flarl6nraq e
ycnnn caM ga 4eu.rra$prapa KoAa nfln He.
MareuaruqecKurr rpyA, xoltro ctnpoBox4a
"Onrvxa", ny6nnxyeaaa npe: 1710 r., e n-bpBara
ny6nura4nn na Hprouoevre $nyxcwnr (cmnraue
c 6erxpafino ManKil Berilqunn). B orroBop e ny6-
nhKyBaHa aHoHr4MHa cTaTtAfl, KoRTO TBbpAyt, qe
$nyxcalrre ca nrafilarcrBo - yt caMo np[AaBar
noaa Qoprvra Ha ilHrepnperaqilflra Ha gm$eper+-
qranHoro cMFraHe. l-lpe: 1710 r. eAilH or yqeHil-
qilre Ha HrcroH - ,QxoH Kufin, npueex4a AoBoAr4
Ilrqrrane BbB Bpeucro
IACTOPUfl HA KOHO'II4KTI4TE HA IIOBEK,
KOI4TO HE O6UqA CNOPOBETE
Or4e or 4ercrure cv fo1uHn Hprox ce crpaxyBa or KoH-
Qponraqvrn. flo mponua na cu46ara o6aqe roi ce c6ntcrea
c MHoxecrBo xousnrxru npe3 cBoff xugor. Hsror or rRx
H3FneXAaT npOBOKilpaHu OT HerO, HO TOBa, KOeTO rO npilTec-
xnea Hari-rvlHoro, ca 6urxure c Apyril xopa. Koraro e nogno-
xeH Ha cepilo3Ha KpyrruKa or crpaHa Ha Xy6 n:aecrHo aperue
roi anpsa, qe HuKora noBeqe HffMa pany6ntryea cBoR Teo-
pvrl vnn n:cne4aaue. Ctr4eepemexno o6ave, roraro nnxofi ro
npegu3BrKa vnv npaBr Heqo npornB BonflTa My, roil uurora
He 3ana3Ba MbrqaHue. Moxe ga ce 3aKnoqil, qe ra3u KoH-
Qnurrxa cbqHocr ro u3npaBf, npeA il3BecrHilTe noreMilKrr.
Cnoprr c fixon OnamcreA - nbpBuf, KpancKil acrpo-
HoM ,r ocHoBaren na Kpancxara o6cepsaropun e fpnHyuu,
u3nara Ha noKa3 arpecuBHocrra Ha HnroH.3a fla 3aB'bpurr4
cBonra KHilra'Teopun 3a ABhxeHuero ua flyuara'j HoroH
naolr Onamcreg Aa My npegocraBil pe3yflTarilTe or HeroBilTe
Ha6nro4enraR. B rolu rvrorueHr OraMcreg orKa3Ba Aa il3nbflHrl
mor6ara, rtfi raro ce onursa Aa nonyqil no-ToqHh pe3yn-
rarn. Or Apyra crpaHa, rlrl raro ue e na6nogaren, Horon
He ce Hyx4ae or gaHHr c no-rorflMa rovHocr. MxoroxparHo
cpeuly o6em HeH nero ere "(Dl/1nocoQcrr,rre rpyAoBe )
Ha KparcKoro HayqHo 4pyxecreo'i uo npovurarZxn
Kopuqara
sa "Onruxa'1
PTICKS'
craruflra, Ilail6nv4 nporecrilpa 6ypHo. OrHaqano 6';$*ittn
HproH He ce uHTepecyBa MHoro or o6auHeHuero; Bf,LEXIOXS, trXtrltCTtONt
tSILSXTONS .d COI"OUftS
Koraro o6ave paa6rrrpa or roHa u cbAbpxaHilero Ha
apfyMeHTilTe, qe aHoHl4MHara crarilF e HanucaHa LIGHT,
or Ilah6nnq, roit ce parrHeBffBa il Hac'bpraaea KtAhn Tro TREATISES
Aa Hanuue Apyra crarilfl. YcraHoeRearlrr roea, IBCIES d MACNIaUO
Ilail6avq uonr 6purancKoro KparrcKo HayqHo Apy-
xecrBo (opraHilgaqilnra, Ha KoFTo HeroBvrflT ono-
HeHr e npe4ceAaren) Aa npoBeAe pa3cneABaHe il Aa
ycra H o B 14 Ltcr vlar a. l pyxecreoro crtzl ra Ao il 3 BoAa,
qe HtoroH e orKpnBarennr Ha gra$epeHqilanHoro 14
uHTerpanHoro cMflTaHe. Bcnegcrene Hprou nuure
aHoHl4MHa peqeH3ufl B noAKpena Ha u3BoAa. - Ka3Bat qe llai6Htaq il HoroH
orKptrBar MaTeMarilcecKufl aHantr3
Tarn pasunua Ha KpvtrtlKvt ce noBTapfl orHoBo 14 rope-Aony no eAHo vr cbr4o BpeMe.
orHoBo. Hnrou apncroKparu npegnarar Aa ce HaMe- He e cyAHo, Koraro yqeHu cbc cxoAHil
cFI 3a Aa ycnoKoflr cilryaqunra. Bpax4ara Mexrqy ABa- Bb3npL4FTI1fl n pa:6rpaHrr n:cneg-
BaT eAHa tr Cbqa TeMa, qe Moxe Aa ce
Mara yqeHu o6aqe e ronroBa ocrpa, ve e rpygno nnroft
crilrHe Ao no4o6ua 6rpxorrr.
Aa ce HaMecu ta Heu]ara caMo ce BrouaBar. Ilah6an4
BoAr4 c-bqo raKa cnoeecHa 6op6a c HrorouoBr4fl yqeHnK
Cannyen Knaprl no npes 1761 r., B pa3rapa Ha 6nrxara,
Ilah6unu,yMilpa. lopra cnatprra nny o6ave He Moxe Aa
yraJroxyr rHeBa Ha HproH u rofi nporqbnxaBa AaKpvtru-
KyBa cBoF onoHeHT foAvrHr4 HapeA.
Ttfi xaro MareMarilqecKnfrr aHanv3 ce oKa3Ba
r43Knror{ilrerHo none3eH, rori 6upao ce pa3npocrpa-
HFBa il3 qnna Eepona. llocnegoearenure ua HproH
o6ave rerpgo npogtnxaBar Aa nor3Bar cMFTaHero
c 6e:rparlno MarKil Berilqunra. 100 roAVtHtA ca neo6-
xo1tAMvt,3a Ea 3anorlHar o3HaqeHnffra na larZ6Hrarl
flpoeoxrpaH or Xyx, roi
:r: OTI"IOBO Bb3nIaMeHtBa cflopa.
l,lonu (Dratucreg Aa My npeAocraen uu$oprvrar{aara u BceKil
nbr cpeqa orxaa. B rparixa cuexa u3nor3Ba cBofiTe npa-
BoMor4rrfi u Bnacr Karo npeAcegarer Ha bpuraHcroro xpan-
cKo HayqHo Ap)oxecreo,3a Aa ce cgo6ue c roea, Koero My e
neo6xogulrro. Hnros ue Moxe Aa pa:6epe peficreunra Ha
OnavcreA, xaro cu 3aflaBa aupoca:"3au4o ror)r ne ucxa ga cu
c-bTpygHr4qil c MeH no To3u Tonxoaa cepuo:ex rpyg?'i
Koraro (Dnaucreg ratea:'Toti npocro npaBu HRKor npo-
MeHu cbc 3raroro, l43KonaHo or men'i HrcroH oraprqa c
gynnrare: "Toft caMo ro e h3Konan, Ho a3 ro npeBbpHax B 3ra-
rea nptcreH." To:r,l xou$nuxr MexAy rflx npoAbnxaBa [o
cMbprra ua Onaucreg, Karo B eAuH MoMeHT BbBlll4qa il
Xanerl, xoftro Karo acrpoHoM e rexeH c'bnepHurK.
Horox npurexaBa u3KroqilTeneH TanaHl no 6eanep-
H!4Te My au6nqun u rop4ocr HilKaK He rvry orcrunear. .[py-
rure "o6urHoeenu" reavn c'blt1o AeMoHcrpr/par pa3yMHa
ropAocl Ho HtoroHoeara He noArexu ua cpaexexne. Paa-
rnexgafirr ct6tr:wara B nepcneKTilBa, HrKor or rox$nrr-
rure 6uxa Mornu Aa 6tgar ur6eruarv, aKo v rorl 6e rRrax
cil "o6ilxHoaeH':
Aa ce non3Bar B AHrnilF. ,[Hec Qnyrclrrnre Ha
He ce n3nofl3Bar.
Horon I Cmrprnara MacKa Ha Hlo.ToH. CTpafiaHnFra My,
npnqnHeHu or KaMbH14 a 6t'6pequre, ca rorKoBa
yxacHn/ qe e.HeTbp51,ry.to coB:t5:Aa ro r4eAa.
,,

flocne4nure foArrHlr or )r(ItBora,

IIOCBeTeHII Ha TeO!'IOfIIfl Ta
llocnegHure roAtAHtA or cBoF xvrBor HoroH nocBe-
ulaBa Harz-Beqe Ha reoflorr4flTa il oco6eHo Ha il3creA-
BaHilf, cBbp3auur c6n6neilcrure $axrn u patv.Tezvr
3aHilMaHilff pngro 6mear npeKbcBaHil or nvrcaHe Ha
HayqHo ApyxecrBo 14 3anoqBa Aa ce onnaK-
HayqHil crarw vyvacrv+ e Ae6aril. C nanpegaaHero
Ha Bb3pacrra o6aqe rorl orHoBo 3anoqBa Aa 3anilcBa
Ba or ocrprl 6onxra. flpnunHara ca KaMbHr4 -,#
,.ry
t'
cBoilTe Milcr11 Ha 6v6neitct<a reMarnKa.
e 6r6peqrrrre fi HflMa. Harqex4a 3a v3qe- : .:::::::1

EgraH 4en B ABopeLla, Koraro o6RcHRea cBoffra

ilHTepnperaLlilfl 3a xpoHonortAflra ua KaponnH,
npilHLlecara Yenc, rn npoffBflBa ilcKpeH ilHrepec il
ficKa p-bKonilca no reMara. Toil n ro npeAocraBn,
npil ycnoBile Aa He ro npaevt ny6nnlrHo Aocron-
Hile, Karo opfl3Ba qacrilTe, rorro 6nxa Mornil
6r4ar eu:nprzrerr4 Karo eperilqHn. HRronxo toAVtHVt
no-K'bcHo o6aqe Horon noflyqaBa il3Becrfie, qe
npe4ocraBeHVflr Ha npilHqeca KaponuH pbKonilc
HFKaK ckr e HanycHan ABopeqa r e ny6nrxyeaH e
[1apnx. B'unpexr qe onacHilTe nacaxil ca 3aril-
'reHil, ce oqaKBa Teoro3r4Te Aa ro pa3Kpt4TtAKyBaT,
r-uri raro HoBara xpoHonormff na Htorou c"bAbpxa
B-b3rneAil, roriro 6uxa Mornil Aa npeo6rpuar o614o-
il3BecrHr/rre no3HaHilfl. Toaa e nprvNHara rota ga He
ny6nvtxyea cBon rpyA no-paHo. Curyaqunra o6ave
e npoMeHeHa. Be.re He e HenpileMnileo ga ce ny6-
nvKyBa Heulo, Aopvr r/ He3aB'bpueHo, Karo o$rzrqra-
anHa re3a nog ilMero Ha HtoroH. Totl e ronroea pa:-
oqapoBaH, qe peuaBa Aa ce 3aeMe c noAroToBKaTa
Ha ny6nuxaqilFTa, Karo go6aen oule eJreMeHTil or
neHne. Horon, npegyraxg4ritKu :cBoffTa
cMbpl Monil c'bnpyra Ha cBoflTa nneMeH-
HNqa Karpuu Aa n3roph HaKoH or Hero-
BilTe nhcMa il pbKonncil. Ha cutprultn cut
oA-bp npil3HaBa epeTilqHfire cil BffpBaHilfl/
KOT4TO Kpile npe3 qenHF cl4 xl4Bor, 14 orKa3Ba
Aa
Aa B3eMe npilqacTile, xoero 6n Morno Aa onpoc-
ril FpexoBere ny. Ha 31 Mapr, eAr4H AeH {fleA KFr€
ry6ur c-u:naHme, HoroH yMapa.Torir e Ha 84ropwan.
C rpaHguoano norpe6eHr4e, AgcrofiHo3a Kpa[cKa
oco6a, qoBeKrr c na rl-ronRr. qf 3a pa3Bmrnero
I "o.
Ha npnpoAHr4re HayKH npe: XVll 8., e norpe6aH B
YecrnrHcrrpcKoro a6arcrBo. EAHa rogilHa cneA
cMbprra rvy e ny6nuryBaH rpyrq-br Ha nocneA-
HilTe .qBe roAilHl4 or xt/BoTa My
"Kopurr,rpaHa xpoHonorilfl Ha,qpeB-
Hrlre KpallcrBa" (The Chronology of
Ancient Kingdoms, Amended). 'ffi',e**
Ll:eexgarlrra Erpona or Hnro-
f:,{iffi'
3ililTe Ha cpeAHOeexoeuero, )
Horou oreapfl Bparilre 3a

MaTeMaTilqecKaTa cilcTeMa 3a AaTilpaHe. eAHa HOBa epa Ha MoAep-

Hara HayKa. lA uuto xaoc-br
ilo c,r eA glrqr a!'IxuMI4K Ha npeAXoAHaTa enoxa, HLlro
.''.
btu.

HtoroHoeilre noneM!4Kn,
Brnperu qe ocraBa 3ApaB Ao npeKnoHHa Bb3pac1, HeroBr4flT Kpt4Tulq7l3-bM r4nLl
Karo Aopvr 3ana3Ba noBeqero or co6creeHilre crl nyAocr Morar Aa 3aA-bp- *ffi
:16r, npea 1725 r. Hpton ce pa:6onnea or nHeBMo-
_"d
A<ar tAnv cnpar crbn-
HtAfl Vt Ce npeMecrBa e KeHcilHrttH, KbAeTo Bb3AyxbT KilTe K-bM npoMRHaTa,
e no-qilcr. l1o epeve Ha neqeHilero o6aue xponmv- qilflro qen e Hanpeflb- "q
Hara My 6onecr noAarpa ce BrouaBa Ao raKaBa cre- Kbr Ha o6qecrBoro
neH, qe 3a Hero craBa rpyAHo Aa xoAvl.,Qopu s raKoBa xrretir-
B-bB Bcr4r.tKyr ,,ffi
cbcronHile, rofi ue ce BcnyuBa B AyMilre Ha xopara crn acnextvr. B
oKono Hefo il npoAbnxaBa Aa xoAr4 Ha qbpKBa neu.
Ayxa Ha npo-
lee ro4ranra no-K-bcHo, npez 1727 r., HrcroH, rorZro TilBOpeqilffTa,
noqril e npilKnoqiln cBofl rpy4 erpxy 6rzr6neficrara KOT4TO r/3n-brBaT
xpoHonorvrn, ce Bp-bula or 3acegaHrie Ha Kpancxoro qenilfl My xr4Bol

) Brpxy Ha4-
TOil e nocneA-
rpo6nnn namer HNAT ANXVMIAK IA

HrK Ha H0ToH B cbuleBpeMeHHo

YecrMilHcrbpcKoro nbpBr4fr cbBpeMe-
a6arcreo ca il34bn-
HeH yqeH.
6aH,4 Herogure
KHilTh, MOHETil il
n pfl3Ma.

Craryara Ha iltorou e
Keina6prgxxrn yiueep-
curer B pr'rara cr g'lpxu
npn3Ma n nofneAbr":r{y e
B3prH Ha,4anec. Ao ieto
e u3roxeHa cTaTylTa Ha
H.SKOrauHllrT My yghTetl
llcax 6apoy,
 Kan HHTeJreKTyaJrHr,rflT rr{raHT
oTKp[ B a rp aBr,rTarl trflT a?
BcenarapHoro npvBnlluane (rpanvrcaquxra) ce rprreMa 3a crrHoHrru na Hrorou.
Tosa e eAHH or Hafi-ugBecrHrrre repMrrHrr, BbBeAeHr.r B HayKara. Aro ce BrneAaMe
[poqec, cBbp3aH c HroroHoer4Te orKpr{rus o6a'ae, naaar]Jutas6rrxa
B TBopqecKIr-tI
H.f,Ma ponrra Ha npl4quHa,TataBa) KaKBaro e rtBecrHa 3a xopara. Kareo xapal4cax
Aa HanpaBlr ToBa roJrKoBa BalKHo orKprrrr4e B cbBpeMeHunauayxfl

Perueunero na Xa;refi
f/exro E r43BECrHo HA rroBEqETo or HAC, Hafi-
A-.on"rr"r npilHoc Ha HproH B r4cropl4flTa Ha
HayKaTa e oTKp[BaHeTO Ha BCeMilpHOTO npuBnil-
vaue. l4cropusra c n6unxara e n3BecrHa il Ao flHec
H MOXe Aa Ce KaXe, qe xopaTa HaBcflKbAe no cBeTa
cBbp3Bar Htoron c R6urara.
ExcnepuueHrure il npoyr{BaHnrra BbB Bp'b3Ka ( Xanerl ry6r cao.e-,,1:4i-l:,f!i

c BceMilpHoro npilBnrqaHe ca cr6paHr,r B 6aqa npe: 1 684 t:ir6.e|r. i'

npnHygeH Aa pa6orra:,;.1.
"MareuarnqecKil npilHtlnnu na narypQranoco$r- npu AOCTa TeXKklr -r. t:
nra" (Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica o6crogrencrea. Toi
o6a,.re e 3aBnaAf,H.oT
- Principia). Paa6rapa ce, 3a Aa 6t4e ny6nraxyeaHa
TanaHTa Ha HDToH 14

HproHosara KH[ra, or 3HaqeHue e ycbp4ilero Ha HacoqBa BchqKhTe

caMhfl aBrop. ,{erlcrernra, Kot4ro roil rpn6sa ga cv ycvnwq Aa

HanpaBil
npeAnpileMe o6aqe, 3a Aa rapaHTytpa r.rerlHara ny6-
nvKa4ufl, ca c"bulo TonKoBa BaxHN. Ha "Haqana'i Karo,
Egnarug Xanerl He enpea Ha ilcropt4flra Ha po6tpr Bnara Bcl/r]Kl4Te cltl!;
napt{ B Ta3il Kay3a:ii;
Xyx, xonro Xyx rvry AoBepflBa no BpeMe Ha rexeH flpaxr[,{ecxn roli r:,

pa3roBop B eAHo raQeHe. B xo4a Ha pa3roBopa XepTBa XUBOTa C!,1;

Xyx ro yeepnBa, qe e AoKa3an ycneulHo c MareMa,
TH'{ecKil cnoco6u 3axoHa 3a 3eMHoro npuBnilqaHe.
Kpr,rcro$up PeH, xorlro c'bqo npucbcrBa, Ka3Ba:
"Axo ssxoi or Bac ycnee .qa AoKaxe npe3 cneA-
Bau{rre ABa Meceqa, ve o6parHo-xBaAparnqHilrr
3aKOH Ce OTHaCF Cbu.lo 14 3a acTpoHoMuqecKilTe
rena, u.le My AaM 4Q wunuura'i EcrecreeHo XanerZ
He ce noBnuflBa unn BneqaTnflBa oT npeAnoxe-
Hr4re napu. B 4eficrsrarenHocl rorl Beqe e Hanpa-
Bfrr HaKor v3t4tAcneHttfl Ha nraHerHilte op6wtttt ut
pe3ynTaT[re BoAflr Ao cutypHvt npeAcKa3aHnF, Ho
npocTo He Moxe Aa rn AoKaxe MaTeMaTilqecKil.
3a gorasarencrBara e neo6xo4nmo Aa u3nofi3Ba
cnoxHa MareMarnKa. Xanerl He BflpBa, qe Xyx pat-
nolara c aAeKBaTHilTe MaTeMaTrqecKil yMeHuF,
Heo6xo4umu 3a pa3peuaBaHero Ha npo6nerva. KorZ
o6a,.{e 6r Morbn Aa ro peun? B rnaeara My n3HilKBa
rMero Ha eAuH t43BecreH MareMarilK u npo$ecop e
Kefi rvr6pr,r4xxt4ff yH t4 BepcilTer.
flpnvrHara Xanera 4a noceril Horou e ilMeHHo
3aqoro rorl npnrexaea nopo6nn 3HaHufl 14 yMe-
uva. W npe4nonoxeHuero My ce oKa3Ba BflpHo.
[pe4u Xanerl Aa 3aAaAe Bbnpoca, Hpron eeve p_a$ffi
norara c HeroBr4f orroBop. Xanerl Hacroqea Hotot+ ;;
Aa u3jloxl4 cBoilTe v4etA B pbKonilc u .qa ro
nvKyBa. Bunperu roea HloroH He erruauepnea
ny6nnxyea cBosra reopilff. Kprtrtwxara n
nn+r Henpu+reH roH$nrxr c Xyx cne4
Hero Ha HeroBara pa6ora a o6nacrra Ha
HapaHFBaT MHOI-O Ct4flHO r{yBCTBrTenHaTa My
porqa u ror4 He xenae Aa r3gaBa 4pyr caofi
nnc. 9yecrea, qe He cil 3acnyxaBa ga cnogenR c,
o6ulecreoro cBoure orKpr rttfl, aKo roBa orHoBo qe
ro HaKapa Aa crpaAa. Xanerl o6aqe He ce orKa3Ba.
Tora e crarypeH, qe aKo HproHoeara reopnfl BrArl
6an cea1o6u1nre npnHrlnnrl Ha HayKara qe ce npo-
ueHRr. CrpacrHara npilBbp3aHocr na XanerZ ycnffBa
nocreneHHo Aa pa3Tonil cTyEeHoro, HenpeKnoHHo
cbpqe Ha HoroH u Harl-naxpaR rora ro y6ex4asa 4a
ny 6 nuxy ea cBofl pbKon ilc.
Axo Hprou npeAcraBil cBoflra pa6ora npeg
SpnraHcroro KpancKo HayqHo ApyxecrBo, cbc
cr4rypHocr rfl ule MilHe npe3 cbBera ra u.1e 6t4e
ny6nuxysana. B ro:u MoMeHT o6aue QraHaHcoBoro
 "3a MeH ToBa e orpoMHo nporl,rBopeque, Ho Bf,pBaM,
qe xnrofi He ce e
( Kaprnna or XX e. u:o6pa:aea Horon, norbHan B pa3Mrlcnt4
oTHOCHO rAegTa 3a BCeMilpHOTO npilBnilqaHe B CBO' pOAeH AOM
e Yncropn. MHoro or HeroB[Te BeflilKil orKpilTufl ca HanpaBeHI
hMeHHO TyK.
cbcTofHue Ha ApyxecrBoTo e AocTa 3aTpyAHeHo
3apaAil HacKopo l43AaEeHara xHhra "EcrecreeHa
tAcropvt+ na pu6nte", Konro He ce npoAaBa go6pe.
3annarara Ha Xanefi, rorZro no roea BpeMe e npocro
AID(OBHI4K Bb3r]r3a Ha nOrOBnHaTa CyMa, BnOXeHa
sa ny6nuxyeaHero Ha HexeflaHara KHrra 3a pra6rare.
,[opu npr ra3tA curyaqvR, rrrrl raro Xanefr ocu:uaea
3HaqeHilero Ha KHrrara, rosro Hprou e,qn'bxeH Aa
Hanrue 3apagu np6oera KbM caMara uayra, rorir
peuaBa Aa F il3Aa4e 3a cBoF co6crseHa cMerKa.
IpanuraqrrflTa rpr6Ba Aa cbnlecrByBa
rr cbc cnrypHocr cbrqecrByBa
l
"il, flpeAra ,qa craHe npo$ecop B Konexa 'Ipvavrn",
ii tlpros Beqe nMa uAefl 3a reopnnTa, rosro o6RcHnea
lIFi'-ecemrapuoro npuBnr4qaHe. He e 4ocrarrrvHo o6ave pa
#ji;..pa:"r" ilAeflra cn BbB BaxHo orKpl4rre. 3a Aa norq-
{ai!:i,i:L
?ji:.xpenra cBonra reopun, rofi rpn6ea fla u3nor3Ba HoBa
i:,,:,,,.Soppra Ha MareMar[Ka. Heo6xogruilTe MareMarilqec-
,.--: XU merOAr Ce CBeXAaT Ha npaKTIKa EO HOBOOTKpl4Tl4fl
MeroA MareMaruqecKu aHanv3t xofiro e paapa6oreH
no-KbcHo, go $nyrcwtre, pa3Brrn or HproH.
,,,, vr
' r lenxeHuero no oKpbxHocr e npileMaHo
i *i:, :,{Bl4x€Hl4e Ha caMufl xpur. Horou o6ave enpea, ve
,.:r..,1 T!'BKI|lOqBa ABe CilJIt4 - eAHaTa e HaCOqeHa nO TaH-
a Apylara - K'bM qeHrbpa ua xptra. Toaa,
].,,.t,:.r. -reHrara,
t.!,,;4, '6o"to e Heo6xo4urno, 3a Aa ce aHann3ilpa ABilxe-
Hilero no oKpbxHocl e Qnyxcnnra. Koraro npilnara
;l::. . Te3il MaTeMaTnqecKil KoHllenqufi KbM ABLIXeHileTO
; Ha nflaHerure, ilAeflTa Ha HproH ce ilHTerpilpa BbB
', "BceMupno npuBnrqaHe". Torl ycnnBa Aa AoKaxe,
qe KaKTo R6tnrara na4a or A-bpBoro, raKa ra lynara
"naga" rru 3emRra. Ho ne ycnnea flcHo Aa AoKaxe,
qe rpaBrraquFTa ce orHacfl He caMo Eo Heqara
ua 3eunra, Ho t4 Ao Bct4rlKo, Koero cbqecrByBa
Kocruoca. [o roru MoMeHr o6qoro
cxBau.laHe 3a
ABuxeHuero Ha He6ecHnre o6erru e, qe ro ce KoH-
Tponupa oT HfKaKBa cilna, pa3nuqHa oT Ta3il Ha
3euRra, il yqeHure orqarHo ce onurBar Aa orKpr4flr
npfiqilHaTa 3a ABilxeHileTo.
B rosr KoHreKcr 3axonrr 3a BceMupHoro npilB-
nilqaHe He AaBa orroBop Ha re3h yvenu. Toea,
xoero HoroH orKpuBa, e, qe uMa raKaBa cvna vrfl
c6nucxar c Hero no-pano;"
geficrea e Kocr\noca. Huxora He ycnflBa Aa ycraHoBr4
KaKBO npmrrilHnBa cvnaTa, Ho Ka3Ba no HeilH aApec:
"3a ues roBa e orpoMHo nporfiBopeque, Ho Bnp-
BaM, r{e nurori se ce e c6fibcKan c Hero no-pano',
Karo B 3aKnpqeHne ocraBfl qrTaTerure caMu Aa
oTKpl4flT KaKBO npilqUHflBa CUnaTa.
"Hauana"nopax4a ge6ar no noBo4 Ha eAHo npo-
TilBopeque, KoeTo HvrKofa npeA4 He e 6rno Auc]iy-
TrpaHo. Hpron Ka3Ba Ha cBorre npv+Tenlz', qe cno-
peA Hero Ta3r npeAnonaraeMo HoBa reMa B Hero-
Bara KHilra e 6una npegcraBeHa oqe or flurarop.
Heroernr npilHoc e B roBa, qe fl AoKa3Ba, Karo
u3nor3Ba MeroAure Ha cbBpeMeHHara MareMarHKa.
Peensuparirxrrr 4peBHara MbApocI, 1430naqeHa Hff Korir
or PnmoxaronilqecKara qbpKBa, "Haqana" r3rnexga
uMa 3a qen Aa nrpae ponflTa Ha PeuecaHc B HayKaE.
3narc Ha rrpoBr,rAeHrrero
"Ha,{ana" BKnoqBa rpvl pa3Fena. Cneg
"Enemeurure naEaxnvg" wgBa peA Ha "Ae$rHraqrarai
a HaKpafl ca $oprvrynrrrpanu "3aroHnre 3a ABrxeHH-
ero'i "Tpure 3aKoHa 3a ABnxeHrero" ua Hprou ca
143IOXeHil nMeHHO B Ta3il rracT.
flrpeunr 3aKoH e u3BecreHraro "3axoH 3a hHep
qvara" v paeuo4eilcreaula cnna
fnactA, ue "Hyneea
npeAu3Br4KBa HyneBo ycKopeHue'i Toea, xoero uua
Karo npeABuA, e npocTo: eAHo ABilxeu{o ce rflno cnhpa
Aa ce ABilxr4, Trfi xaro onpe4eneHa cilna My Bb3-
4eficrea ta ro Kapa Aa cnpe; rnroro ocraBa B cbc-
ToflHile ua nororl unat 3ana3Ba npaeonrHefiHoro
cil ABr/xeHile c nocroFHHa cKopocl AoKaTo onpe'
AeneHa cuna My eu:geficrea il To orHoBo 3anoqHe
Aa ce ABnxr4. .[uHaurxara ua Apucroren rBbpgr4,
qe eflHo Tffno npecTaBa Aa ce ABux.tA ToraBa, KoraTo
Bbpxy Hero He oKa3BaT errrgeficraue HVKaKBV cvnn-
3a cpaeneHue, HoBoro B Teopilflra ua Horou e, ve
cnopeA Hero c'bcroflHrero Ha noKofi cbqo e cbcron-
Hue Ha ABilxeHne. Tasr npouRHa B MvlcfieHero BoAr4
B AO nOflBaTa Ha HOBa nHTepnpeTaLluf Ha AuHaM4KaTa.
Bropnnr 3aKoH e o3arnaBeH "YpaeHeHre Ha ABh-
xennero" 14 Tpernpa 3aBilct4Mocrra MexAy BbHur-
Hara cura n ycKopeHuero. Koraro purHeM eAHa
TOnKa, KOIKOTO nO-Cr4reH e pnTHilKbl TOIKOBa nO-
HaAaneq ra no-6rrpso ule n3neril ronKara. 9per roea
ypaBHeHile Moxe Aa ce tA3uvcnt4 npoMffHara B cKo-
pocrTa oT cr4raTa, Koflro e npilnoxeHa cnpflMo ron-
KaTa, n oT MacaTa Ha TonKaTa.
a
 Tperrnr 3aKoH - "3aroutr sa 4eficreuero il npo- npeAcraBeHil or Horou - HanpilMep rpaBilTarlilflra,
rueogerlcrereto", rnacut, qe Koraro AaAeHo rnno qilflTo npilq14Ha e AopLl HeflcHa - BoAFT HayKaTa
ynpaxHfi onpeAeneHa cilna Bbpxy Apyro rffno, ro Ha3aA B oKynrHnfl cenr, :acRrafiKri nocrilxeHilRTa
it,
BropoTo rFno ule ynpaxHil cbuJaTa cilfla Bbpxy Ha lexapr. C epemero o6ave rgenre na Htorou ce
",, nipeoro rflno, Ho e o6parHa nocoKa. Koraro 4ee Brr3npileMaT oT HoBilTe il3ctreAoBaTenV w tuh rato
r ronKtA, xBlpneHil oT pa3nil!.rHr4 nocoKr4, ce yAapnT Te fionpilHacFT 3a MHoxecTBo HoBr/ non3il/ cTaTy-
t eAHa:e Apyra t{ ABere orcKaLtar B npol4BonofloxHt4 c-ur Ha "Ha,lana" ce :aretpxgaea.
noc6kr,r. Tpelanr 3aKoH onilcBa roea gerxeHne. llo
To3{t.;HaqilH "Haqana" il3nafa Ha6no4eHrnra, npo-
v3ntA3.autA oT Te3Lr ToIKOBa npocTl4 3aKoHr4/ KaTO
../,. vl3rara pe3ynTaTilTe v v3Bo4tAre rofl/ltlHo, crbnKa
'-.._
_r
-'. ,.,oflo cr-bnKa.,{nec resu 3aKoHl4 Ht4 Ll3rnexAar oqe-
,.;,1->-..-*;'
, BIAAHIA vr $axrrrl qe roBa e raKa, AoKa3Ba KaK ilAe-
\ '.'?t-/r,. J '' 1 mte Ha HproH noBlllFBar Haunfl xr/rBor.
\S /'\.",
''^-
\. -r .X "-r
.)
$:-*
7
4"&J Kpurrarcr I{ BT'3xI{ueHI{e
\ -')",,'
"h\\ -.-,,
// B nrpails pa3Aen cneA B-bBeAeHilero HoroH
\Y/
\' / tzr.nara parr-roo6paeHV cnyqan, cBbp3aH14 c ABilxe-
\I Huero Ha eAHo rFno; B-bB Bropr4n pa3Aen go6aBn
V. cilflaTa Ha TpileHe/ a B TpeTilfl - crlcTeMaTa Ha
'-\- Bceneuara, Bb3 ocHoBa Ha n'bpBt/F t/ Bropmn pa3-
". -{1,:r':.:'
Eer. HeroBilFT noAXoA npil pa3rcKBaHero Ha cilc-
... '...
. TeMara Ha BcereHara noKa3Ba, qe il3cneABaHilflTa B
-:r--- .t KHilraTa He Ce OTHaCFT caMO AO npilpoAHnTe FBne-
- . -. nnR, a o6xBaular n pe6atvt 3a Bpb3Kara c 6or. Toea
' He e npocro eAHa reoperilqHa KHilra no $il3ilKa, a
' c-bLrlo TaKa il KHr/ra, KoFTo BKIilo'.{Ba eIeMeHTil Ha
TeororilFTa. Xopara no roBa BpeMe He npileMar
'a-. -' ..
. BeAHara ilAeilTe aa "Hauana", rtfi raro ca npeKa-
reHo HoBr4 il peBonpL{yroHHr 3a rRx. Brnpexn ue
;n::ffi:;"11f,:;:"
: -Hauana'j ce 6aaupa Ha MareMarilqecmte il AocrotlHcrBa ca oqeBilAHil 3a
-eoMerphflra.IyMilreHarpbqKun Te3il, KOL1TO 3HaFT il pa:6f4pa1 HayqHilTe tt aCneX- ^,!peeuorptqxuflT MareMarflK, xofiro nonara ocHoBflTe Ha
crnoco$ llnaroH "Hexa He Bnu3a reoMerpilFTa - EBKnuA.,qoKaro fi3Hacfl reKqnF no noKaHa Ha
ieBexhflrnoreoMerpuF,,HeocraBar Ttl Ca nOAnOXeHil Ha fonfMa KptlTilKa. HnXOU fpn- ertlnercKr Qapaor, ro nvtat:"l4va nv HflKaKbB no-fleceH HaqilH 3a
:pexe6perraru or HoroH. rVqV EOptA npeTeHAilpal tle HayqHilTe KOHLlenqilil, yvere?'i ra Koero roft orroaapn: "Hniua qapcxr nlr xtu yuerero."

llpouexo4 Ha xnMufiTa
l-l railHa or o6qecr-
roror-r 3ana3Ba e
f_l eeHocrra cBoflra crpacr KbM anxil-
M[flra 3a n3BecTHo BpeMe, AoKaTo
vlKoHoMrlcrbr ,QxoH Kefinc KynyBa
co6craeHoprqHo nognilcaH p'bKonhc
ua Hprog Ha eAilH rrpr. Tosut pbKonilc
il.qHec ce na3u B KoneKqilflTa c pbKo-
nncvt B floprcrvryr. B uauara c-bBpe-
MeHHa enoxa aflxrMuflTa ce npr-
eMa KaTo Heu{o oKynTHo, Ho B oHe3r
foAtAHVt rR r/Ma cBoflTa 4eficrerrenHa
il3cnegoBarencra ctoilnocr Lt MHofo
yqeHil fl npaKTLrKyBaT c'bBceM cepil-
ogHo. Htorou He npaBil vt3KrtoqeH4e.
Cxenruqurm4 rofiro o6rpaxga
cBeTa Ha any0AMtAflTa, npoil3tlt/3a oT
Hefiuara qen - Ea c'b3rqa.qe
o6r,rxrioeeH Meran. Oqe or
BpeMeHa ce cMffTa, qe Bc!4l]Kil Hel4a
B CBera ca cbcTaBeHu oT
ocHoBH14 e,reMeHTa: 3eMf, BoAa, of-bH
14B'b3pyx. OcHogHara r.qefl Ha arxvt-
MUflTa e, qe pa3rklKvlre BbB Bel4ec-
TBaTa Ca npuqr4.HeHil oT pa3IrKaTa B
pa3npeEeneHilero Ha re3n qerilpl4
eneMeHTa. Axo roea pa3npeAeneHure
MOXe Aa Ce npoMeHu, BcFKo Bel4ec-
rBo Moxe ga ce npeo6pa3yBa B Epyro
Ber4ecrBo. Ero saulo, ocHoeaeafixil ce
Ha Ta3il Teopilfl, e ecTecTBeHo Aa ce
cMflTa, '-{e BceKn xellaH npeAMel Karo
Heqo pnAKo 14 LleHHo, Moxe .qa ce
nonyqil or BceKrl o6ilxHoeeH npeAMer.
9pe: anxrmnflTa yqeHrre ce onilr-
ear e xpafiHa cMerKa Aa c-b3AaAar.
HOBil BeUleCTBa, KarO npoMeHRT c'bc-"
TaBa Ha ApyttA eeqecraa. flo ragr
norhKa xilMr/flTa BoAl4 cBoeTo HaqaIo
or il He e '{yAHo 3aqo ron-
anxilMt4FTa
KOBa yqeHu fl r43yqaBar.
HproH ce 3aHfl-
MaBa c aflxnMufl no-
cKopo c qea Aa Hayqfi
noBe'{e 3a cBoftcrBara
Ha BeqecTBaTa, orKon-
KOrO Aa nonyqr 3naTo
rnr cpe6po or 6poHe
tAntA xanah. "Brrpxy
I KaplaHa or XVll e.
n:o6pa:naa anxnunx. B
o6racna Ha anxvtllrtra,
oceer c go6ueaHeto Ha :naro,
' H'KOI yqeHn ce onnTBaTAa
npor:eegar Qoplaa Ha xreo1
iapeqeHa "xoMyHKynyc"
ecrecrBoro Ha KilcerilHnre" (De Natura v Ka3BaL ce anxilMl/sra BoArl cBoero Hacano oule or
epeuero Ha,[peseH Erllner tr,qpeBra fupqnn.
Acidorum) e eAHa or HeroBilTe KHvtrtA,
KOflTO BKrrOrtBa il3cfleABaHrfra My B
o6nacrra Ha anxrMilara. (Darrul qe
nuure KHrra 3a aIxuMl4flTa, nOKa3Ba
ronxo cepno3Ho ff rcyvaea. gecro
ce 3arBapff B cBoFTa na6opatoprn
3a HffKOTKO CeEMUT]il V npaBr ontATn
no Merorqa "npo6a : rpeuJKa'i .[opil
Ha yt{eHullr/Te My He e no3BolleHo Aa
MilHaBar norpatZ ra3n cran.
gecro npra anxilMtlqHilre eKcnepil-
MeHTn ce n3non3Ba xnBaK lzl roqno
cnopeE oqaKBaHuflTa KoIlt/qecTBoTo
x[BaK, orKpt4To B Kocara ua HoroH,
HaABilUaBa qerilpHAecer nbTtl roBa
Ha o6rrHoeeH qoBeK. ClqecreYea
AOpil reoprfl, qe no-paHHara My nctl-
3naro or xilqecKa uecta6rnnocr e nprqrHeHa
.qpeBHil or orpaBnHe c xilBaK. Bunperr ve ca
Hanrqe o6ave gorararercrBa 3a roBa;
qerilp]4 qe noqepK'br My e pa3Kpl4BeH, HffMa
AOKa3arencTBa Aa cTpaAa oT TpeMop
Anxurunxtr Ha Mlncrtt re
- qecr cilMnToM Ha xuBaL{Ho oTpa-
eRHe. tl rufi xaro no-KbcHo EytueBHoro
3a Hac il3rne)Kga crpaHHo Aa npue-
My cbcroflHr4e ce cra6untr3npa, Aoc-
nervr Sarra, qe yqeH xaro HPtoH ce
TOBepHOCTTa Ha ra3n reopufl e nocra-
nocBeu{aBa Ha [3cneABaHeTO Ha eAHa
BeHa no4 B'bnpoc. Bupern roBa B
pe3ynTaTilTe oT HefoBilTe n3cne.qBa- AOCTa CbMHr/TenHa MaTepnF, oTtlt4-
rarZrra nporpeca Ha HayKara orroFaBa
Hr4F c'bqecreyear 6enexKvr orHocHo
"BKyCa" Ha BeqecrBaTa, TaKa qe e Ao AHec. Toea npoyveaue o6aqe ce
oKa3Ba Heo6xo4l4Mo B crpeMexa My
cnfyp+o,,le rofi onurBa unn o6nueea
MeranrTe no BpeMe Ha cBol/Te eKc- Aa pa3oepe ocHoBHure nprHq4nu
ua Bcenenara - crpeMelK, xotZro He
neprMeHrn. lziarnexqa Hroron npr-
yracBa npe3 qentltff My xl4Bor. Hrcrou
eMa cBorre nocrl/)KeHilfl e o6nacrra
oTKpilBa npnHllrnrTe Ha ABnxeHhe
Ha aflxr1M]4flra no-cKopo KaTo Bp'b-
Ha cBera qpe3 pa3BtlTfiero Ha npl4-
ulaHe K'bM BeJlvrKoTo ApeBHo 3HaHne,
tA t/3yqaBa cBovlcrBaTa
porqHilTe HayKaA
orKoflKoTo Karo HoBa cr-bnKa .Hanpefl.
Ha BeLqecrBara qpe3 allxt4Ml4flTa Karo
3a Hero npaKTLlKyBaHero Ha anxtAMtAfl,
:xAwnfr. Heu{o noBeqe, HeroBLlTe
Karo M'bApeLlrTe or ApeBHocrra, e c-bB-
pa6orr eknpqBai TeonorrqH14 Pa3-
ceM ecrecrBeno. Ero 3au.lo noHFKora ro
c'b)KgeHuff, sa ga pa:6epe no-naau1a6-
HapilqaT "BenurmRt uaruocHrr".
Hara KaprLrHa v Ea crn66v nb3erta Ha
'HauilTe B3ailMOOTHOUeHilF C HayKaTa
r c 5or. Merogm Karo anxrMrFra ca
Hepa3AenHa qacr or rvrHoro6poiHnre
My nocTilxe{Vq, or pa3M!4cnrTe My
Bbpxy ponrra ra Eor il or lbpceHero
Ha ocHoBHr4Te 3aKoHl4 Ha BceneHara.
Mnoro noBeqe or aJlxt4Ml4K Ha Mera-
Jlvrre, H0ToH e ro314, xofiro moxe 4a
npufloxt4 aIXl4MrFTa KbM CBOfl HaqrH
Ha MUCneHe, Aa cMecil cBonre u3cneA-
BaHUfl C'bC CBOFTa BApa Vl tlcrrHaTa c
TOBa, KOeTO rqpyruTe npueMaT npocro
sa $eHorrnen. A,nxrmnRra 3aB3eMa
BcvlrlKt4 o6nactu, B Kovlro e B-bBneL{eH:
ToBa e cbulfiHara Ha HproH.
YqeH r,rre, o 6rcpbxr aBarrlu
ga6eJr ex(rr rer HoTo oT Kprr rrre
HrcroH, rofiro He yMee 4a o6rqyra c xopara oKono Hero, npeAiloqr4Ta
na npeKapBa r\ennfl cr{ xrrrBors cBof,Ta na6oparoprrf,, rrorbJrHar or
H3CJreABaHkrflTa CI{, TOTIHO KaKTO npe3 rOAr4HrITe Ha CBOeTO AeTCTBO, KOTaTO
uaficropz HoBI4 I4rpaqKI4 Ir MexaHr43Mr4 B eraflTa cu.3a 4o6po r.rJrr4 Jrolro
o6aue, HeroBI4f,T "3axou 3a BceMrlpuoro npr{Bnr4rlaue" npnaruqa Bc-f,KaKBr4
xopa, KoI4To HflMa Aa ocraB.ar'tpauexJllrBoro MoM.Ie" caMo.

Ha fr -cu JypHuflT cbrpyg HtnK, xo fi ro orKput Ba XaneeBara KoMera

Egmung Xaneft (1 656-17 421

Xanetl e po4eH B 3aMoxHo TbproBcKo ceMeficreo B nperqrpaAnnra Ha IloHgoH. l4sxntoqltrenHo HaAapeH a o6nacrra Ha MareMarrKara, rofi
e npher a oxc$opgcxl4n yHt/Bepcrrer. fioraro yvra a oxcQopg, Xanerl craBa acrcreHr Ha Onamcre r4 My noMara B HeroBr4re Ha6nrcgenrR.
A
Onarvrcreg, xofiro aeqe e il3BecreH acrpoHoM, ocHoBaBa Kpancxara o6cepearopra a vfpunyuu,cfleA Karo nonyqaBa pa3peureHue or KpancKara
$anunnn c KpancKn yKa3 3a Ha3HaqeHile. Koraro (Dnaucreg ny6nuryea cBoilTe acrpoHoMnqecru Ha6no4eHufl, Koytro cbfl.bpxar petairnn
orHocHo ABilxeHilero Ha 3Be3Aure e CeeepHoro nonyxu6o, Xanerl peuasa Aa il3Bbputr4 cblLl4re Ha6no4eHur 3a 3Be3rqure e lOxnoro nony-
rcn6o. O6ptr4a ce c mon6a KbM Kpan ffxet)tnac ll 4a nonyvr pa3peueHue.qa ce Kaqm Ha 6opga na ropa6, ynpaBnflBaH or lzlsro.lHol4Hguficxara
KoMnaHilt - KoMnaHilfl, Koflro BoAI4 rbproBl4flTa c a3rarcK[re crpaHr. Koraro 6ropoxparuvr+ure $opmann ocrvt u npor]eAypt4 nprKnpqBar,
Xanetl Hanycra Oxc$opgcrufl yHrBepc[Ter u 3aMuHaBa sa Ceera Enena - MafibK ocrpoB e lOxHrn ArnaHlax. Tyx rorl Ha6nro4aea
Mecronoro-
xeH[ero Ha noBeqe or 300 uenogBt4xHl4 3Be3A]4 n pe3ynrarure ca ny6nuryeaHil B HeroBara xHura "Catalogus Stellarum Australium,i
Karo npaeuno o6aqe Xanetl e u3BecreH Karo orKpuBarerfl Ha Xaneeeara KoMera, Koero He o3HaqaBa, qe e orKpiln 3Be3Aa, xoRro Hmrori
npeAil Hero He e Bl4Affn ylnu sa6ennsan. TotZ nponenBa ilHrepec KbM rorffMara KoMera, KoflTo Bt4xAa e flapux. Ha6no4aea
or6nnso AB[xe-
Huara Ha KoMerara IA fv 3anvcBa. Bnocnegcreue nprnara 3aKoHa na Hpron 3a ABuxeHqero KbM cBoure 3anucvt n v311ucnflBaop6rrara
n
nepfioAa Ha 3aBbpraHe (epemero 3a eAilH ntneH o6opor) Ha xotterara. Tara par6npa, qe KoMerara e He6ero Ha4 flaprax e
cbu{ara,3a KoflTo
qeTe no-paHo B Cneqfianr3upaHaTa nilTepaTypa.
XanetZ e cbl4o ronKoBa eHrycila3ilpaH no orHoueHne Ha u3KnrouilTerHufl HayqeH TaraHT Ha HptoH n oco-
6eHo rlna HeroBur 3aKoH 3a ABuxeHrero, npnJloxeH rtu
na6nogeH[RTa Bbpxy KoMerara or flaprx. Toea e
nprquHara 3a HeFoBara npuBbp3aHocr rtuHproH, rorlro e ronflM KbcMer'lt4r Aa uMa qoBeK Karo Xanefi sa
ceotZ eepeu nprflTen r noMot{Ht4K. Axo XanerZ He 6eue 3acraHan 3aA Hero, Hprou iuoxe 6vt nvrxora HFMaue
Aa
3aBbplllt4 cBotl MoHyMeHrareH rpy4"MareuarrqecKr npilHllunu Ha Haryp$unoco$nnra"(philosophiae Naturalis
Principia Mathematica). XanerZ npeiqnpfieMa BcrqKil npuroroBrreH va za ny6nuryBaHero Ha HtoroHoeara KH!4ra,
HacbpqaBa HoroH ebe BpeMe Ha 6epnvrHeulacr[r tAAoptA3annaqa pa3xoAylre no u3AaBaHero fi orco6craeHun
cr gxo6. Ero:ar4o Moxe Aa ce Kaxe, qe qacr or 3acnyrilre 3a HayqHnre orRptATVn Ha HoroH npuHaAnexn Ha
XanetZ, gopu aro rofi H[Kora ga ue 6e r3Bbptutan cBoilre co6crseHu Hay.{Ht4 t43cneABaHnff.
Cne4 cmtprra ua Onarvrcre4, Xanetl HacnegflBa HeroBilfl nocr B Kpancxara o6cepearopn a e fpvnyuu w
Ao cMbprra cr npe3 1742r.cnyxn Karo KparcKr4 acrpoHoM. flpo4rnxaea Aa u3BbpuBa cBoilTe na6nngeuun
HFKorlKo Meceqa npeAu cMbprra cv.lAtvvtcn rBa, qe cneABau.loro npeMuHaBaHe Ha Xaneeaara KoMera norpafi
3emRra qe 6t4e orono 1 758 r. 3a cr:xaneure He xilBee AocrarbqHo Abnro, 3a Aa fl BylAr4 cbc co6creeHrre cu
ovr; Xaneeeara KoMera o6aqe ce noflBflBa roqHo cnopea HeroBure v3t4r cneH4fr.
Xanetl Hnrora He pas6upa KaK ule 6r4e HapeveHa KoMerara, Konro orKprlBa, Ho cneA HeroBara cMbpr rfl
e HapeqeHa Ha HeroBo r4Me.

Cnope4 HeroB[Te il3Ltl4creHilfl cneABaqnfl nurXaneeeara KoMera qe npeMilHe noxparZ 3emsra npet 2061 r.
 Aumufr cru MareMarrK, npilff ren
h MeHrop xa lzlcar Horox. flpaeu
Horox npo$ecop a Kefrru6pra4x-
KUR yHilBepCUreL KaTO My npe-
orcrbnBa co6craexun cu nocr.
llapaqenr
(1 493-1 s41 )
llleeirqapcru Svrzt'tx vr narl-seluxnnr
anxuMr4K Ha XVI a, C MHoro6pofiHure cur
BOeHHOMOpCKT4 eKcnepuMeHTvr AonpilHacF 3a
rnaBHoKoMaHflBaq r 6nu:rr 3a3fl paBFBaHe OCHOBT/Te Ha HayKaTa.
npuflrefl Ha Horou. l4seecreFl
e u cbc cBo.fl AHeBHrlK.
Hemcrn Mareuarur, xofi ro pa:pa6orea
MHoro HoB14 ypaBHeHufl. B cpaexerlue
c Horon, roil aKqeHrrpa Bbpxy 3Haqe-
H!4ETO HA MATCMATUKATA.

Axrrturicrn yven.
e c'bc cBoffTa Kpt4TuKa Kpanuqa ua ArrnrR u Abqepn
u Bpaxpa c Horou. ua lxefiuc ll. Vgocronea HroroH
c puqapcKo 3BaHue.

^ lh,rHocrnre B cffBilTe Kapera ca npeAcraBeHtr B Ta3h rflaBa.

 ExcqenrputqHUtf,T nutcarefl Ha carnpuqHnre
sa6ene)KKrrt
flxonaran CyuQr (1 667 -17 451

fxoHaran cyu$r e poAeH B flu6nvn,lrlpnaugta, nper 1667 r. orrne4an e or cBor4 poAHtAHn,

rutl xaro 6aqa rvry yrr,rrapa nperqm HefoBoro paxAaHe, a uailxa My ce MecTil s Anrnns
|/,| ro h3ocTaBff.

.Qercreoro My e cxoAHo c roBa Ha Hnrou.

Cyu$r e eKcqeHTpt4K t4 tr3KnrotrilTenHo capKacrnqeH qoBeK. Heroeara xHura "flrreulecrBr4flTa
aa l-unaep" (Gulliver's Travels), eAHa or Hatt-u:eecrHr4re B AercKara nureparypa, onilcBa Aocra
capKacrvtt{Ho qoBeuJKara npilpo4a. Hanprmep, e vacr lV, B Konro l-unueep ornBa B crpaHara Ha
xol4H'bMilTe (crpanara Ha ronere), xopara ca rao6parenn Karo no-Ht4culyt, ypo1nvBn u npoc14
cbulecTBa, oTilexAaHu oT KoHe.
Eguaor HeroBilTe uafi-ocrpr carupvt e "Cxpouno npeAfioxeHue: 3a roBa KaK Aa He AonycHeM Eeqara na 6e4nnqure e lfipnanpna Aa cra-
Har 6peue 3a cBoilTe poAtlreail nnu cBoFTa po4rHa, a Hanpon4B - KaK Aa craHar nore3Hrl ra o6qecreoro'i Xecroxmsr ra 6pyraneH acneKr
Ha roBa npeAnoxeHile e, qe ro rpernpa Aeqara Karo xpaHa, Karo crilra AoraM, qe onucBa HflKoflKo
BKycHr4 HaquHa Aa 6l[ar crorBeHrur
noAHeceHu Ha AaMrre il rocnoAara. TpygHo 3a BffpBaHe e, qe aBTopbr Ha roBa npegnoxeHne e Cyra$1 caMuflr rofi ceeuleHnx.
Cyu$r utaa 6nutxu B3ailMoorHottleHilF c MoMilqe Ha ilMe Crena. TorZ nnuje KHilra cbc 3ailaBne "flHeeuuxrr sa Crena" (The Journal to
Stella), xonro BKnoqBa BcttrlKtA nilcMa, Kovtro re cr pa3MeHflT B npo4bnxeHile Ha MHoro roAtAHu. B ta:r xuura eAHa or repouHilTe e HeroBara
nneMeHHYrlla Karpuu. Cyra$rgtpxu Ha Her il re o6nqar Ea ElcKyrnpar Ha pa3nuqHil TeMh, or nonilruKa Ao BceKr4,qHeBnu npo6neuu. Crena
peBHyBa AocTa oT TFXHOTO npnflTeICTBO.
CyrQr He pa:6rzpa HproH. Kaseal '{e onucaHilero Ha "nnaear4nn ocrpoe" B rnaBa lll or "flrreu.recrBuflra na funueep" npegcraBnflBa
o6r,rga cper4y 3aKoHilre na HrcroH 3a BceMilpHoro nphBnilqaHe.
B nocnegnnre cu ro+vtHuCyn|t ry6n ocrporara Ha cBoF cnyx n crpa4a or rexKil npilcr-bnu Ha cBeroBbprex. C enou1aeaHero Ha HeroBo-
ro 3ApaBe yMcrBeHoro My cbcrorHne ce paacrpotlea. Yvtnpa e,[u6nlrH npe.: 1745 r., Karo npegil cM'bprra cil crpaAa or napaHoff.

AeropnrerbrB eMnnpuqHara QuuocoOulr, xofiro e f,o6pa

KOMNAHWN3A HK'TOH
,[xon llor (1 632-17041

Oranoco$tr ,{xon Ilor no.qKpenfl Horou no HaquH, pa3nilqeH or ro3r4 na Xanerl. B wromeura, Koraro HtoroH e 6e:
pa6ora,rofi ro npeAcraBfl Ha 6naropo4r+ilLlvr il noreHqr4aflHil cnoHcopu, a Koraro u3naAa B c-bcroflHyre Ha ncrxr4qecKo pa3-
crpoficreo, ro oKypaxaBa, Karo My nilue npilFTencKil nucMa. 3a pa:nuxa or Xaner,t, rlox ne ce BbBnrr{a B fl3cneABaHilrra
Ha Horon, rttl xaro toh cavrvnt He e yqeH. Hegaeilcilruo or roBa npaBn BcilqKo Bb3MoxHo, 3a
Aa noflKpenn HproH. Iox e
eAilH or ManKoro npilflTefln, Ha Kororo Htorou rMa AoBepile
W raxa,.qopil Koraro HoroH nnLue "...ce HaARBax Aa yMpere" B nucMo
Ao Jlox B nepuoAa, Koraro crpaAa or gr:n6oxa
Aenpecfi8, B Kpaff Ha nucMoTo crle.q noAnr{ca cm rofi elnpeKu Bcl4qKo Ao6aen "BaLU Hafi-Het4acre n cnyra", KoeTo noKa3Ba, qe np4grencrBoro
MexAy HoroH u lor e cvtnHo v orKpt4ro, Aoptl tA B nepiloAa Ha HrcroHoeoro ncilx[qecKo parcrporZcreo.
Iox e poAeu npe:1632 r. e PilHrruH, Ctrvrtpcel, Aurnvta. Cneg raro yqil MeAuql4Ha u Sranoco$ran e OrcQopAcKuAyH'Bepcilrelce
MecrH B fepuaHun Karo ceKperap na aHrnntlcKil AilnlloMar. Bpur4a ce e AHrnnR, Kb4ero pa6oruKaro neKap 3a n-bpBt4r .pu6 LJJaQcr6uprrr
e floH4oH. cropo cneg roea o6aqe rpa6rr e oc-bAeH H eK3eKyrilpaH 3a npegareacrao. ror e npilHyAeH; "u
;;; *";.;;r;.;;;r;A;-
ne no4o6ua clA6a; Karo cbyqacrHrax Ha rpa$a pilcKyBa 4a 6tge n3npaBeH npeA cbulilTe o6ehHeHr4R. Hnronxo roAvtHtAno-KbcHo nonyqaBa
pa3peueHile Aa ce BbpHe e AHrnnR il Aa 3aeMe crapara cil An-bxHocr.
Ior u Hpros HFMar HenocpeAcrBeHa Bp-b3Ka B cBoilTe o6nactwHa il3creABaHe. Iox o6aqe npnnara KpilTfirtHilTe KoMeHTapu ua H19rou
u.laBa cBofl rpaHAilo3eH rpy4 "Onrar Bbpxy qoBeurrn paryn" (An
Essay Concerning Human Understanding) Ha onpegeneH Kpbr yqeHil, Mexgy xorro Po6rpr 5or)tn vt KptrrcrvtanXrorZreHc. H1groH e npeAcra-
BeH Karo "nafi-yuvrxanuata nuqHocr". /lox, no4o6Ho Ha MHoTo cBol4 cbBpeMeHHur-lyt, e nneHeH u or 6eenogo6HnR ranaHr Ha H19roH.
Tota ce orrernfl or HayqHara cil Kapilepa u npeKapBa ocrarbKa or cBofl xr4Bor B Ecexc. gerrzrpra toAuHrAno-KbcHo 34paBero My ce Bno-
uaBa il rorl yrvrrapa.

@
 Aeropnrerbr e o6nacrra Ha KocMlrqecKoro
uHx(eHepcTBo u npueMHUtKbT xa flyxacoBaTa
KaTeflpa no MaTeMaTuKa
Cruer'H Xoxnnr (1942-)
"(TorI) ue e npilFTeH qoeex'i rorir e "nporner il HenoHocuu ranaHr". Toea e MHeHilero Ha XoxrHr ga
HproH, Koero il3Ka3Ba B cBoflra xuura 6ecrcenrp "Kparxa ucroptA+ na epemero" (A Brief History ofTime).
OrHoueHnero Ha XornHr KbM nt4rlHocrra Ha HproH HflMa HilKaKBa Bp-b3Ka c olleHKara Ha la6enexnrenHns
Horonoe rananr. llpm roea XoxilHr u Hpros ue 6uxa Mornil Aa 6rgar no-par nwt+Vt, lt1o ce Kacae Ao rexHu-
re xapaKrepil. HoroH HylKora He cnnpa rqa KpilrnKyBa cBofire Koreril, oco6euo cBoilre KoHKypeHril, KaKro
il Aa u3cneABa nogpo6no il Kpyln4vHo r uarZ-uanxrre geratlnn or rexHilTe HayqHil n3cneABaHilfl. Huxoi ue
Moxe Aa c6upxa Horou, xorZro e lbxeH n eMollr4oHanHo necra6rneH, c6narwn n sa6aeeH HpaB Ha CrileuH Xoxuur.
Xoxnnr e Bceil3BecreH xaro"reunRr B r4HBafiilAHa ronuqra'i Po4eH e OxcSopg npet 1942 r., ot.l"1e Karo gere rorZ npoflBnBa M3KntoL{r4reneH
ranaHr e o6nacrra Ha MareMarilKara n $n:uxara. Yqu e OxcQop4cr[R yHnBepcilrer il BeAHara cneA Ar{nnoMilpaHero cil 3anoqBa il3cnegoBa-
rencra pa6ora a KerZrvr6pra4xKr4fl yHnBepcurer. liope-gony no roBa BpeMe My nocraBrr AnarHosa "amuorpo$rauna flarepaflHa crnepo:a'i Koflro e
npilqvrHa rflnoro My nocreneHHo Aa ce o6ergeuxur rzr arpoQrzrpa, xaro s rpatlHa cMerKa rofi ce napanr:rzrpa. Btnperil cBoflra 6onecr o6aqe, rora
craBa qacr or HayqHuR eflilT c'bc cBohre nuoHepcKyr npoyqBaHilff e o6nacr-ra Ha KocMonor!4ffTa - qepHure AynKV n cb3AaBaHero Ha Bcenenata.
Craaa qneH Ha 6prraHcxoro KpancKo HayqHo EpyxecrBo Ha 32-rognLuna B-b3pacl c Koero e uarl-mna4rRT qneH B ilcropr/Fra Ha Apyxec-
reoro. BnocnegcrBile nonyqaBa npe4fioxeHile ga ornaBil lyxacoeara KareApa no MareMarhKa. HproH e Bropr4flT yveH, xofiro 3aeMa nocra
Iyracoe npo$ecop B ,rcropr4nTa Ha Ker,rrvr6praAxKyrn yHilBepcnrer. B ro3il acneKr Moxe Aa ce Kaxe, ,le Xoxunr cfleABa HtoroHoeilre crbnKr4
no oTHoueHile Ha KapilepHoTo pa3BilTile.
Btnpexra ue ran gu6oKo yBaxeHile KbM niloHepcxara pa6ora Ha HoroH no "Ypaeueunflra Ha ABilxenneto", r43rnexAa Xoxr4Hr HqN4a
go6pra enevarfleHilfl 3a HeroBrdn xapaKTep il nilqHocr. Ble eceril cnyvarl ToBa, Aanil Htoros e 4o6tp, rAnn now Karo qoBeK, HrMa HilKaKBo
3HaqeHile.3a Xorrnr HrcroHoeara reopnr HflMa Hilr4o o614o c HeroBnF TeMnepaMeHT.
XoxrHr npo4bnxaBa cBorra n3cre4oBarencra AerlHocl 3a Aa pa3peuil 3aTaAKilTe na Bcenesara, Karo cbqeBpeMeHHo ce 6opra c
6onecrra cu.

Saqara Ha crrBpeMeHHara QrnnocoQnn, Kofiro floKa3Ba KorKo e

Ba)KHO MaTeMaTUqeCKOTO MUCneHe
Pere flexapr (1 596-1 650)
Pene ,[erapr e o6aeeH :a 6ar.r1a Ha c-bBpeMeHHara $unoco$rn. Tofi e po4eH npe3 1596 r. e 6naropo4Hrrrvecro ceueircreo e Ia E eH Typen
@uec rpag,[exapr), OpaHqun. lltryea nocrorHHo or Mflcro Ha Mffcro, ocHoBHo 3apaAil ToBa, qe He e EoBoneH Aa qepnil 3HaHfifl eArlHcrBeHo
oro6pa:oearenHl4Te ilHcrilryqrara. [lpecnegBa HoBr4 14HTeneKryanHu npeAil3BnKarercrBa, Karo noceu{aBa narl-pa:nnvHn Kbrqera no cBera.
,Qoxaro nhue B XonaHgun rpartara "Ceerbr", xoittto BKntoqBa u3cne4BaHilsra My B o6nacrra Ha cBernuHara, Kocruoca il qoBeuJKara npnpo-
4a, PutuoxaronnqecKara vHKBu3uquF il3npaBn Ha cbA l-anrneo. flpo4ecrr o6flBffBa peBoJrolll4oHHutTe HayqHil ilAen Ha l-anuneo 3a eperr4qHfi
r rorZ e ocb4eH Ha AoMaueH apecr.
B pe:ynrar Ha roea ,{erapr ce crpaxyBa A any6nnxyaa cBoF TpaKTar "Ceertr'i Buecro roaa pa34enr KHurara Ha HflKon-
Ko qacrm, Karo rilo3arlraBnBa "Tparrar 3a cBernilHara'i'Tparrar:a voeera'i"3arour 3a gBilxeHnero","feomerpna" n
r. n. l-ly6nraryBa ru orAerHo, Karo ce onurBa Aa il3Knloqil Bcilr{Ko, roero 6u Morno .qa il3rnexAa cnopHo no erHo-
ueHne Ha xprcrmnHcKr/re AoKTpr4Hn. llrpeonavanHilre My nttcaHnfl cbA'bpxar pa3yMHt4 o6RcHeHns He caMo 3a
nosaara Ha cBera nnu BceneHara, Ho 14 Ha caMilF 6or. OcHoeHr4FT My rpyA "Pa:crx4eHne ra rrleroga'| rofiro e
tllt4poKo nonynFpeH c rr3BecrHara $para "Mucnn, cneAoBarenHo c'bqecrByBarvr'i o6ctx4a HaKparKo HaqilHmre 3a
paqiloHanHo il MeToAr4qecKo MylcIeHe.
Hpron e :anneHeH or KHurara Ha ,Qerapr ra n rrvnra :agun6oqeHo no BpeMero, Koraro e e ronexa 'Tpn nwru".Katear,
qe eAHa or npmqnHrre Hrcron ga xapecea ,[exapr e, qe eAilH or HeroBrre npunTenr -
QranocoSrr Touac Mop, e nJlaMeHeH
noAApbxHr4K Ha ilAeilre na flerapr. Cne4oearenno, xoraroTolac Mop cnrapa Aa noAA'bpxa uHTeneKryanHara pa6ora Ha
,[erap1 Hrcrou crqo 3acraBa cper4y ,[exapr. faxa unw rHaqe o6aqe He Moxe Aa ce orpeqe, qe Ao [3BecrHa creneH
HoroH sarnpuema pa6orara na lexap1 Konro nolrara ocHoBr/re Ha cbBpeMeHHara MareMar4Ka.
llocne4Hure foAr4Hr4 oT cBofl xueor lexapr npeKapBa e crorxonnr, B ponflTa Ha nilqeH yqilTen Ha
uBeAcKara Kpaflilqa Kprcrnna. Cavo cneg uecr Mecella or npecrofl vy e CroxxonM, npe3 1650 r. roft
yMnpa or nHeBMoHr4fl. Kagaal qe Karo qoBeK, npilBr4KHan Aa pa6oru B fiernoro Ao o6ag,rcil BeponrHo
e Hapyurn HeBb3BparilMo cBoero 3gpaBe 3apaAil npiluleBKure Ha KpucruHa Aa yqvt paHo cyrpl4H.
 Beru,rKrrre Teopwil Ha
HayrrHa KoHIIe[qIIfl 3il.:
BeAurx Aftnrqafiu peua ursera Ha I
Ka3Ba: "tr4cKaM Aa
orrnTr4Te cv Ia o6scsw Eor, clrxra, ue Bor e Bceneuara.
B Halrrr4 AHU rrecTo ce npueMaT KaTo aHTr{Te3a Ha penHll4Xlar,
cbBceM He e TaKbB r{ oTKpr{TVflTa My ce paxAaT or ner:osaTa
Lre HaA HayKara cr,qecrByBa eAHa rro-Brrclra ckrrra. Karro
C€.:
5e: HroroHoBrrre orKpr4Tr4f, 'Arroro" rr Apyrrrre KocMr4qecKr/r
HflMarne Aa rr3cneAear KocNaoca raKa, KaKTo ro [paB,f,T 4uec,.,
rtoBeqe - HflMarue Aa 3HaeM KaKBo 3Har{r4 rroJrer s Kocl4oca..,
e KonKo rrbTlr Bib3IroMeHaTenHr4Te rrJroqu Ha HayqHoTo ilo3
5l,qar rpaBr4paHr{ HaHoBo, rraMerHrrKtT Ha HroroH 3a qoBeqe€:
rrpoA:bnxv Ia cTotl r{3[paBeH.

ErHo Aere Ha 6pera Ha Mopero B

TbpceHe Ha r{cTr{HaTa
6 6TTpr4poAArA r.1 Hnr)iHurs 3AKouu 6ranrz
I Inorprarra c MpaK. 1,4 peve Eor: 4a 6t4e
l-l rcroH - fi HacraHa ceetnuua'!

Aurnuficr<nrat noer AnexcaH4tp lloyn nraue

re3v AyMtl' B qecr Ha nocrilxeHilFTa Ha HproH.
llro4oeere, Ha KoilTo rloBeqecrBoro ce paABa cneA
Horou, ca 6ea6porzr. Muoro6porirnilre My orKptlrnfl
ca npocTo "cBetnnHata", KoFTo ofpnBa qoBeuKoTo
5u4er4e, a reopililre My npoA'bnxaBar Aa oKa3Bar
c-bKpylut4TeJrHo Bflr4FHre B-bpxy cBeTa Ha HayKaTa.
"He sHatl KaK il3rrexgaM B or-tilTe Ha cBera, Ho a3
r,,reAaM Ha ce6e cil Karo Ha Aere, roero, rrpaefixu
cH HaMopcK/ta6par,e HaMepilno HflKonKo no-o6nu
Ka^4bqeTa il no-uapeHil paKoBtAHtA, OTKOflKOTO Ce e
yAano Ha Apyrnre/ AoKaro B c-brqoro BpeMe npeA
,\1eH ce e npocrilpan Heil3cneABaH 6e:6pexnranr
oKeaH Ha vctuuata!
[lpegnonara ce, qe HrcroH il3pr/qa re3il cfioBa
B nocne4HilTe roAnHV or cBoF xueor. .{oplt
3a Hero, rofiro n:cne4Ba uilpoK cneKTbp
or o6nacrr, Karo rexHilKa, MareMarilKa,
acTpoHoMr/F/ anxvMvlfl tA Teonofnq, v
npeAnara Ha qoBeqecTBoTo MHOrO-
6potaurrr orKpvrtt+, 6oxecreeHilRr
CBFT npoAbnxaBa Aa e il3nbllHeH C
raiHn. HrcroH BFpBa, qe KonKoro no-
::l:iri,",:i:.i:
::t liit:,i*l

BT4COKO Ce il3KaqBa qoBeK, TonKoBa I Opesc.*r+s

no-Aaneq BilxAa, KaTo TaKa oTKpilBa tOp6eH nbo
qteH Ha
HOBil 3aKOH14 tA TeOpLAtA 14 yceLqa 3ara!- KpancKo HayqHg:
KL4Te Ha 3aKOHilTe Ha npilpoAaTa, cb3- 3apaiqh ToBai qe
cbulecrByBaHeTo
AaAeHa or 5ot orB'bA ct4creMara Ha cBera
Henryu. Heroeata
TaKaBa/ KaKBaTO e 3a noBeqeTo xopa. HrcToHoBara .qnHaMilKa,
 "AKo Byrx{gax nc-ganeq or
gpyrlrre, To e 3au{oTo cTofx Ha

pameHere Ha ruraHTuI""

Or uo4o:peHrrero Ao yBepeHocrra
B rpan Ha XVlll e.3aroHur 3a BceMilpHoro rc, :-
n [4Lla He cpeu]a n peAil3Bil KarencrBoro Ha reo p r c -_:

il3BecrHa xaro TeopzrR Ha MHoxecrBara.

Bcnq ro 3anoqBa c orKpl,rrilero Ha Ypan or 6pLr.. --
cKnF acrpoHoM c HeMcKo noreKlo Ynlru Xepu=-
HenpaarnHara op6nra na YpaH nocraBff no! c: -
nenre 3axoua Ha HoroH. Oruprrrero e Hd --:-
Ea KoMnpoMernpa 3aroHa 3a BceMtapHoro na.':-
flilqaHe. f1o rzipouun Ha cu46ara Xepuen HFi. a-=
AOpil Aa MOXe Aa OrKpfie HOBaTa nflaHera, aKo a::-
neKTopHr4FT renecKon ua HproH He 6e yeer,'-,".-
pa3crofl HllrFTa Ha Ha6nogeHue.
Or 4pyra crpaHa, He3aBilcr4Mo ve Sperci:.'=-
acrpoHoM lOp6eH nuo Bepre ycraHoBnBa, qe or{a,'
Tilero Ha XepLuen BoAr/i Ao npoBan ra Hrcrorc:.-.
Teopilfl, rorZ He Moxe Aa orpeqe Han-brHo :a"i=.-=-
xilTeflHara re3a Ha Horon. Heroeara xtlnore3a naa
noflara, ve 4eSoprvraqilFTa Ha op6tnata e noBrl'r -:
or npilBnilqaHero Ha Apyra, no-AaneqHa Ffaf:-:
rluo Bepre cMffTa, qe aKo roBa e raKa, Moxe .-a :=
3aKroLrt4, \re ABilxeHilero Ha He6ecrt4Te rera -::-
A-bnxaBa Aa ce noAqyrHRea Ha HoroF{oBr,4F 3aKct.

v lloeeqero or nroro6porHrre npeqr3HV v3qvate+V+,

xeo6xogrmn:a r3ftpenBaHero Ha paKera, ce ocHoBaBar Ha
3aKoHrre, Koilro Horor $opvyrupa. Teopunre na 6t4eqero
rer:6exHo uqece 6aJilpar Ha HoroHoBilte reopfiil.
 HtoroHoeata reopilfl 3a qacrkiqilTe or o6nacrra Ha
onTnKaTa, KoflTo Beqe e 3aMecTeHa oT BbnHoBaTa
reopilF. Tofi 4evoncrpilpa, qe cBerrilHara He Moxe
Aa 6t,qe o6Rcneua eAilHcrBeHo c B-bnHoBara reo-
pv+ nn,A c reopilflTa 3a qacrilt-lrrre, rurl raro uua
ABoicrBeHn caoficrea.
Mero4tr ua HtoroH Aa AocrilrHe cBoilre reopilil ce
ocHoBaBa Ha norB'bpx,4aBaHe Ha Qaxlare qpe3 MHo-
ro6porirHil eKcnepilMeHrm. Torl e ynopnr r/ BflpBa, qe
BcflKa reopnn, Konro He Moxe 4a 6uge o6qcHeHa c
onpeAeneHo flBneHile, e npocro xilnore3a. Ero :aqo
HoroH He cil nocraBff 3a qen Aa orKpile npilqilHara
3a rpaBilTallilRTa il ulo ce Kacae Ao BceMilpHoTo
npTiBnTiqaHe, cMFTa, rre nptAnafahKvt fo KbM ffBreHil-
ero, o6flcHeHilero e AocrarbqHo peueHile.
3a pa:nrxa or Hpron, Mero4br ua AfinqarlH e
To3il Ha "vucneHrre eKcnepilMeHTvl".foh ce onr4TBa
Aa nonyqil pe3ynraril, xaro cr6rpa 3aKfltoqeHnn
Bb3 OCHOBa Ha AaAeH npilHqiln il npOCTO il3non3Ba
nofnKa. B ocHoeara cil HeroBr4ffT MeroA 3a AocrilraHe
Ao tA1ev ce pa3nilqaBa or ro3r4 Ha HproH, xorZro Qop-
Myn il pa n pil H rlil nil, otuurahnt n pnpo4H ure ff BneH ilfl ,
b= Karo HanpilMep naAaulil npeAMeril ilnr Ayxaq BFr-bp.
flo rosil HaqilH yrHAyKrvBHVAr HoroH fi AeAyK-
rneunnr AfiHqarlH gocrurar cBoilTe HayqHil MeroAr4
oT pa3nilqHil Kpailuja.

^ :op/ AHec, Koraro cKopocrra Ha pa6ora ua o6opygeaHero e no-BilcoKa,

:i:iepfiMeHTrre Hano4o6nsar re:r, r3BbpuBaHfl or Tanilneo ilnil HoroH.

Cnopeg oqaKBaHilera ua luo Beprae, nper 1846 r.

-or$pra4 lane orKpyrBa nnaHerara HenryH.Tara noAo3-
ceHuero, nopogeHo or orKpr/Tilero ua XepLuen 6naro-
JapeHre Ha pe$nexropHr/F rerecKon Ha HoroH, e
Ha npaKTilKa ellilMr4HilpaHo c noMoqTa Ha cbu]t4F
ro3fi TenecKon. To:u cnyvarzr ycvnBa HagexAHocrra Ha
HrcroHoeara ArlHaMriKa.

-lna ueroAa
Orrprruero 3a BceMilpHoro npilBnilqaHe AaBa
o6rcHenuR Ha MHoro HBneHilr, Karo cbuleBpe-
rileHHo o6a,le nocraefl v HoBtl B'bnpocu: Ha nbpBo
rvlFcTo - KaK C-bulecTByea rpaeriraqrnra?
TeopurRra Ha orHocilTenHocrra ua ArZnqarZn ce
ctifiTa 3a Hai-eenilroro HayqHo orKpr/Tile Ha XX e. B
4eftcreurenHocr reopilFra e ct6upareneH TepMnH,
xor,tro o6xear4a HeroBfiTe feoptttl, pa3AeneHil B ABe
qacrr4: eAHara, ny6nnxyeaaa nbpBa, e cbc 3arnaBile
"CneqnanHa reopilF Ha orHocilrennocrra'i a
Apyrara
npeAcraBnflBa Aopa3B?tr BapilaHr Ha nbpBaTa il e
o3arraBeHa "O6r4a reopran Ha orHocytrenHocrra'i B
"O6r4a reopraff Ha orHocr4rensocrra" ArZnr4arirH 4nc-
Kyrrpa npilLtr/Hara 3a rpaBtaraqilFTa, Konro y6araa
Ha Hpron. Heroeara re3a e, qe BceMilpHoro npwBnt+-
LraHe ce noFBflBa B pe3ynTaT Ha il3Kpt4BflBaHe MeXAy
BpeMero n npocrpaHcrBoro. C EpyrtA AyMtA MoAenbr
"npocrpaHcTBo-BpeMe"e noBIylnH oT rpaBilraLll4ffra,
c Koero npe.qil3Bt4KBa KoHllenllilflTa Ha HproH 3a
a6cor toruoro npocrpaHcrBo.
,{oraro npeo6ptqa eAilH or npilHllilnkire Ha
^ HtoroHoBara AilHaMilKa ce npilnara tr no orHoueHile Ha,,Mo3bKa" Ha xounnrprre - CPU
HoroHoeara EtAHaMVKa, ArZur4arzrn Bb3KpecFBa (Central Processing Unit - qeHrpaneH npoqecop).
HroroH ce Bpr,rrla Kr,M )Kr{Bor rqr/re noKoneHva Aa orKpnflr EpynA tAcrvtHr4. Toea
ooMIlc,rfl, .re llcarc Hrorou e ro3l{, e ecrecrBoro Ha npolleca- vcrvHnre rpn6ea ga ce
rcofiro HI{ yilpaBJrflBa B MoMeHTa...tt
,43MeCTBaT OTApyril HOBOOTKpytTt4 nCTVtHtA.
Or 4pyra crpaHa, roBa He o3HaqaBa, qe eAHa
Toea ca AyMilre Ha acrpoHaBTa 6un AH4epc B orro- AilcKpe4rrrrpaHa ilcruHa craea 6escvlr/cneua, ttrZ
Bop Ha B-bnpoca Ha cilHa Ha Ha3eMeH oneparop rofi Karo e rpyAHo HoBilTe tA4ev Aa ce AocrnrHar c eAilH
ynpaBnrBa coBanKara "Anono 8" npr :aeptqaHero
cxox. He e Bb3MoxHo naxoit, rofiro oqe He 3Hae
fi or Ilyuara npe: 1968 r. Karro o6scHqea HrcroH, KaKEa crbKMyr orbH,4a nao6pela rorBapcKa neqKa.
rpaBilTaqilFTa 4eficrea e Koclnoca raKa, KaKTo il Ha
Crrpoemqara, cKpr4l4 B'brpe B Kyrvflra c M'bA-
3eusra - T.e. KoHTponilpa ABilxeHilero Ha rerara. pocl ocraBeHa Hil B HacneAcrBo or Hrcrou, Bce oule
5ea gnaqeHue KonKo HoBr4 orKpr4Tr4n nnnreoptAtA
He cail3qepnaHr. Bcern n-b1, Koraro B cBera ce non-
u.le ce norBflT e 6-uger4e, Henoxone6uvrara cilcreMa
BfBa cneABauluqT BennK HayqeH TaIaHT, roToB Aa - B pe:ynrar sa HecnhpHhre
or npilHr-Iilnil ua Htorou ule ocraHe B ocHoBara Ha npeMilHe rpaHilLl/re Ha BpeMero, Hpron ule 6rAe
ycunt4q Ha y\eH4re qoBeqefrBoTo
cbBpeMeHHara HayKa u uefiuure gocrorlHcrea qe qacr or HefoBara n3cre4oBarencra pa6ora raxa,
Hafi-uarpar crunea Ha Iynara.
KonKo Aaneq r4e Hfl 3aBeAe
npoA-bnxaT Aa cnyxaT KaTo onopHyr ToqKu Ha Hayq-
KaKTO Te3il npeAil HerO Ca qacT oT HefoBaTa. nporpecbT B HayKaTa?
Hilre il3cneABaHuR. Te:n, vnnro crg6a e Aa pa3uil-
pFr rpaHnqilre Ha HayKara/ MoraT caMo Aa il3BreKar
non3a or ycilneHoro r/3cnegBaHe Ha HoroHoeilre
eKcnepilMeHTyr.
Hlorou xagea:"Aro BilxAax no-Aaneq or Apyrnre,
To e 3auloro croflx Ha paMeHere Ha ruranrr.'lopu
NOCTLIXCHilflTA HA
']OBEK C HCTOBilF t43KNOqLITCNEH
TaflaHT ce Abnxar na ga6enexurenHilTe Aocrilxe-
HilF Ha Apyril yqeHil npeAr{ Hero.
Heils6exHo e HFKon gerZcreurenuv orKpwrtA+ Ea
6r4ar uluecreHil or rpn6ea ga aa6pa-
HoBr4, Ho ne
BflMe, rle tAcrnHrre, orKpr,4Tr,4 6naroAapeHue Ha ycil-
nr4flTa Ha HauJilre npegqil, ule no3Boaflr Ha 6u4e-

Teoprrra sa Hotot e or cbqecrBeHo 3HaqeHre 3a

ABilrarellHara cilna ff brbna Ha r3crpenBaHe Ha car-e4!114#rffi. .
-. -
 1o0lfiT;tlffiTril

ilCAKH]OTOH

ISSN t79l-42s6

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