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DC Machines
Objectives
State Faradays Law and Lenzs Law Calculate the voltage generated by passing a wire through a magnetic field. Sketch a simple generator and describe how it operates. Describe a commutator and brush assembly and state how it works.
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Objectives
Find the force produced on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field. State the differences between a shunt and compound dc generator and describe the performance characteristics of each. Sketch a simple dc motor and describe how it operates. State the differences among a shunt, series, and compound dc motor, and describe the performance characteristics and application examples of each.
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15-1 Introduction
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Generator Efficiency
Pin = T nr / 7.04
Pin = the input power in watts (W) T = the input shaft torque in foot-pounds (ft-lbs) nr = the rotation speed of the shaft in revolutions per minute (rpm)
Generator Losses
Rotor Copper Loss
This is the I2R loss in the rotor due to the resistance of the wire. This loss varies with the square of the rotor current.
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Friction
These are losses due to mechanical friction. They include the friction of the shaft bearings and the friction created by the commutator and brush assembly.
Windage
These are losses due to the wind resistance of the rotor. In most generators, cooling fins are attached to the rotor to circulate air through the generator, thus promoting cooling and allowing the generator to be operated at higher output currents. These cooling fins increase the windage loss.
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Ia = (Vt Vb Vcemf) / Ra
Vcemf = the induced counter emf in the armature windings in volts (V).
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Simple dc motor.
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Shunt dc motor.
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Series dc motor.
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Compound dc motor.
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Motor Efficiency
= Pout / Pin = (T nr / 7.04) / (Vt It)
= the efficiency (dimensionless) Pout = the output power in watts (W) Pin = the input power in watts (W) T = the shaft torque in foot pounds (ft-lb) nr = the rotor speed in revolutions per minute (rpm) Vt = the applied input voltage in volts (V) It = the applied input current in amperes (A)