MEASURMENT OF VOLTAGE, CURRENT, POWER AND POWER FACTOR USING RLC LOAD

Expt No:

Date:

Aim: To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by RLC loading.

APPARTUS REQUIRED: SL.No 1 2 3 4 5 Name of the Apparatus Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter RLC Load Connecting Wires Range / Type (0-300V) MI (0-10A) MI 300V,10A,LPF 5kW 1/18 SWG Quantity 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. As per requirement

THEORY: Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists of two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current coil is marked as ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measure the quantity that is proportional to the current in the circuit the pressure coil measures quantity that is proportional to the voltage in the circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading. The ammeter is connected in series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the coils, the current and voltage across the circuit are constant. The power consumed by the load is measured using the wattmeter and calculated using the relation given below. PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE Page 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fuse

(0-10)A, MI

(300V, 10A, LPF) M L

P D P S T S

1 230V
AC Supply 50Hz

(0-300)V, MI

R L C L O A D

NL

Autotransformer 230V/(0-270)V

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FORMULAE: Actual power Where W = W x Multiplication factor Observed wattmeter reading VI watts Voltmeter reading Ammeter reading Actual Power / Apparent Power

Apparent power = Where V I Power Factor, cos =

PROCEDURE: 1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Initially no load is applied. 3. Autotransformer is set to minimum voltage position before switching on the power supply. 4. Set the rated voltage by using the autotransformer. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on no load condition. Also carefully note the multiplication factor of the wattmeter that is mentioned in the wattmeter itself. 5. Apply the load by adjusting RLC load. 6. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter. 7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A. 8. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum and bring the voltage to minimum in the autotransformer. Switch off the power supply. 9. Calculated the Indicated power by the given formula. 10. Calculate the power factor by the given formula.

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OBSERVATION TABLE: Multiplication Factor=

Wattmeter Reading Sl.No Voltage V (V) Current I (A) Observed Actual (watts) Actual Power (watts) Power Factor cos

MODEL CALCULATION:

Result A single phase wattmeter is used to measure power in AC circuit using RLC loading.

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HOUSE WIRING
Expt.No: Date:

Aim: To Construct House wiring using Energy Meter METERIALS REQUIRED:

Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Name of the apparatus Switch Incandescent Lamp Lamp Holder Ceiling rose Socket Screws Wires Switch Board Energy Meter Main switch Box

Range / Type SPST, 5A 100W Batten 10A 1inch 1/18SWG 12x 8 1 300V , 16A 750 rev 50Hz 1 300V , 16A

Quantity 3 Nos. 1 No. 1No. 1No. 1No. As per required As per required 1No. 1No. 1No.

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TOOLS REQUIRED: Sl.No 1 2 Name of the tools Combination Pliers Connector screw driver
Screw driver

Quantity 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No.

3 4

Electrician knife

THEORY: Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper capable of carrying the maximum current which will flow through them. The following table shows the rating for different accessories. Conductors should be of copper or aluminium. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load which it is supposed to carry. Power sub circuits should be kept separate from lighting and fan sub circuits. Wiring should be done on the distribution system with main and branch distribution boards at convenient centers. Wiring should neat, with good appearance. Wires should pass through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross. The conductor is carried in a rigid steel conduit conforming to standards or in a porcelain tube.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MAIN SWITCH

Lamp 100W

Ceiling rose

ENERGY METER

DPIC S1 S2 L2 L1

P
1 230V
AC Supply 50Hz

Switch Board

DPIC Double Pole Iron Clad Switch

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PROCEDURE: 1. Study the given wiring diagram 2. Make the location points for energy meter, main witch box, switchboard, lamp and ceiling rose. 3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board. 4. Place the wires along with the line and fix. 5. Fix the bulb holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked positions on the wooden board. 6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions on the wooden board. 7. Give a supply to the wires circuit. 8. Test the working of light and socket.

Result: Thus the wiring for the bulb and ceiling rose was prepared and tested. PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE Page 8

STAIRCASE WIRING
Expt.No: Date:

Aim: To control the status of the given lamp by using two way switches

METERIALS REQUIRED:

Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Name of the apparatus Incandescent Lamp Lamp Holder SPDT Switch Wires P.V.C Pipe Wooden Board Round block

Range / Type 100W Pendent Type 230V,5A 1/18 1/4" -

Quantity 1 No 1 No 1 No As per requirement As per requirement 1 No 1 No

TOOLS REQUIRED: Sl.No 1 2 3 4 Name of the tools Combination Plier Connector screw drivers Screw driver Electrician knife 1 No 1 No 1 No 1 No Quantity

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Lamp 60W, 230V

N
230V, 50Hz AC Supply

1 2 3

1 2 3

SPDT - 1

SPDT - 2

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Page 10

PROCEDURE: 1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram. 2. Place the P.V.C pipe and insert two wires into the P.V.C pipe. 3. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the middle point of SPDT switch 1 4. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the lower point of SPDT switch2. 5. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the upper point SPDT switch2. 6. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT switch 2 is connected to one end of the lamp holder. 7. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line. 8. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply. 9. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.

PRECAUTIONS: While giving the connections be careful Handle the lame safely Be careful while handling the tools.

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SWITCH Sl.No 1 2 3 4 POSITION TABLE: SPDT1 12 12 23 23 SPDT2 12 23 12 23 Result OFF / ON OFF / ON OFF / ON OFF / ON

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Result:

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Page 13

FLUORESCENT LAMP WIRING

Expt.No: . Aim: To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring

Date:

METERIALS REQUIRED:

S.No 1 2 3 4 5

Name of the apparatus fluorescent lamp fixture fluorescent lamp Choke Starter wires

Range / Type 4 ft 40W 40W, 230V,

Quantity 1 No 1 No 1 No 1 No

1/18

As per requirement

TOOLS REQUIRED:

Sl.No 1 2 3 4

Name of the tools Combination Plier Connector screw drivers Screw driver Electrician knife 1 No 1 No 1 No 1 No

Quantity

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Page 14

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Starte r

Filament

40W Fluorescent lamp

Filament

Choke 40W, 230V

N P 1, 230 V , 50Hz AC

Supply

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Page 15

THEORY: Tube light has filament on either side. They are coated with tungsten material. The inside of the tube has phosphorous coating which is used to convert ultraviolet into visible light and to give the required color sensation. A choke is used to give transient high voltage so as to initiate the electron movement which is an iron starter capacitor is used to suppress radiointerference with the switch closed. The current flows through the choke and the starter. The glow switch suddenly breaks thereby creating the circuit. Due to high conductivity, inductive property of the choke, a transient high voltage is available across the filament. Hence the electrons are emitted and travel through the tube. Then tube light is produced.

PROCEDURE: 1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure. 2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube. 3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the tube 4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.

PRECAUTIONS: While giving the connection be careful. Handle the lamp safely. Be careful while handling the tools. All the connections should be right and tight.

Result:

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Page 16

MEASURMENT OF ENERGY USING ENERGYMETER

Expt No: Date:

Aim: To measure the energy in a single in a phase phase circuit using direct loading

APPARTUS REQUIRED: SL.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Name of the Apparatus Single phase Energy meter Wattmeter Voltmeter Ammeter Load Wires Range / Type 750 rev / kWh, 240V, 50Hz 300V, 10A, UPF 300V, MI 10A, MI Resistive, 5kW 1 / 18 SWG Quantity 1No. 1No. 1No. 1No. 1No. As per requirement

THEORY: The energy meter is an integrated type of instrument, where speed of rotation of the aluminum to the power consumed and number of revolutions per minute is proportional to the energy consumed by the load. The ratings associated with the energy meter are. Voltage rating Current rating Frequency rating Meter Constant

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Page 17

The driving system of the meter provides the rotational surface of the torque for the moving system, which in turn activates the energy meter. The energy meter is operated at induction principle in which eddy current.

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Page 18

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fuse

(0-10A)

P
1 230V Ac Supply 50Hz

A MI S1

L1

M C

L V

D P S T S
NL

(0-300V)

S2

L2 Resistive load 5 KW

MI
V

1 Autotransformer (0-270V)

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Page 19

Indicated in the aluminum disc interacts with the main field and creates the driving force.

FORMULAE: Energy meter specification True energy = = = = Measured energy = 750 rev / kWh Power (P) x time (s) P x t (ws) P x t / 3600 x 1000 kWh n / 750 kWh

Where n - number of revolutions / sec ` PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. Supply is given to the switch by closing the DFST switch. 3. By adjusting the voltage is brought to the rated voltage. 4. Load is switched On 5. Time taken for five revolutions in the energy meter is noted and the corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading are noted. 6. The above procedure is repeated for different load current and for fixed number of revolutions. 7. Then the load is gradually released and supply is switched OFF.

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Page 20

OBSERVATION TABLE: M.F ---------------Supply Sl. No Voltage V Wattmeter Reading P (W) True Energy pxt 1000 x 3600 (kWh) Measured energy n / 750 (kWh)

Load Current I (A)

Time t (sec)

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

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Page 21

Result: Thus the energy in a single phase was measured using energy meter.

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