CACBOHIRAT Cacbohirat (gluxit, saccarit) l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc, thng c cng thc chung l Cn(H2O)m Cacbohirat c phn thnh

nh ba nhm chnh sau y: - Monosaccarit: l nhm cacbohirat n gin nht, khng th thy phn c. V d: glucoz, fructoz (C6H12O6) - isaccarit: l nhm cacbohirat m khi thy phn sinh ra 2 phn t monosaccarit. V d: saccaroz, mantoz (C12H22O11) - Polisaccarit: l nhm cacbohirat phc tp m khi thy phn n cng sinh ra nhiu phn t monosaccarit. V d: tinh bt, xenluloz (C6H10O5)n

GLUCOZ I TNH CHT VT L V TRNG THI T NHIN - Glucoz l cht kt tinh, khng mu, nng chy 146oC (dng ) v 150oC (dng ), d tan trong nc - C v ngt, c trong hu ht cc b phn ca cy (l, hoa, r) c bit l qu chn (cn gi l ng nho)

- Trong mu ngi c mt lng nh glucoz, hu nh khng i (khong 0,1 %) II CU TRC PHN T Glucoz c cng thc phn t l C6H12O6, tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng 1. Dng mch h Hoc vit gn l: CH2OH[CHOH] 4CHO 2. Dng mch vng - Nhm OH C5 cng vo nhm C = O to ra hai dng vng 6 cnh v

glucoz ( 36 %) dng mch h (0,003 %) glucoz ( 64 %) - Nu nhm OH nh vi C1 nm di mt phng ca vng 6 cnh l -, ngc li nm trn mt phng ca vng 6 cnh l - Nhm OH v tr C s 1 c gi l OH hemiaxetal III TNH CHT HA HC Glucoz c cc tnh cht ca anehit (do c nhm chc anehit CHO) v ancol a chc (do c 5 nhm OH v tr lin k) 1. Tnh cht ca ancol a chc (poliancol hay poliol) a) Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng: Dung dch glucoz ha tan Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch phc ng glucoz c mu xanh lam 2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH) (C6H11O6)2Cu + 2H2O b) Phn ng to este: C6H7O(OH)5 + 5(CH3CO)2O C6H7O(OOCCH3)5 + 5CH3COOH

2. Tnh cht ca anehit a) Oxi ha glucoz: - Vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng (thuc th Tollens) cho phn ng trng bc CH2OH[CHOH] 4CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH CH2OH[CHOH] 4COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O (amoni gluconat) - Vi dung dch Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng (thuc th Felinh) CH2OH[CHOH] 4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH CH2OH[CHOH] 4COONa + Cu2O + 2H2O (natri gluconat) ( gch) - Vi dung dch nc brom: CH2OH[CHOH] 4CHO + Br2 + H2O CH2OH[CHOH] 4COOH + 2HBr b) Kh glucoz: CH2OH[CHOH] 4CHO + H2 CH2OH[CHOH] 4CH2OH (sobitol) 3. Phn ng ln men

4. Tnh cht ring ca dng mch vng - Ring nhm OH C1 (OH hemiaxetal) ca dng vng tc dng vi metanol c HCl xc tc, to ra metyl glicozit.

- Khi nhm OH C1 chuyn thnh nhm OCH3, dng vng khng th chuyn sang dng mch h c na. IV IU CH V NG DNG 1. iu ch (trong cng nghip) - Thy phn tinh bt vi xc tc l HCl long hoc enzim - Thy phn xenluloz vi xc tc HCl c (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 2. ng dng - Trong y hc: dng lm thuc tng lc cho ngi bnh (d hp thu v cung cp nhiu nng

lng) - Trong cng nghip: dng trng gng, trng rut phch (thay cho anehit v anehit c) V NG PHN CA GLUCOZ : FRUCTOZ 1. Cu to a) Dng mch h: Fructoz (C6H12O6) dng mch h l mt polihiroxi xeton, c cng thc cu to thu gn l:

Hoc vit gn l: CH2OH[CHOH] 3COCH2OH b) Dng mch vng: - Tn ti c dng mch vng 5 cnh v 6 cnh - Dng mch vng 5 cnh c 2 dng l fructoz v fructoz + Trong dung dch, fructoz tn ti ch yu dng vng 5 cnh + trng thi tinh th, fructoz dng , vng 5 cnh fructoz fructoz

2. Tnh cht vt l v trng thi t nhin - L cht rn kt tinh, d tan trong nc, c v ngt gp ri ng ma v gp 2,5 ln glucoz - V ngt ca mt ong ch yu do fructoz (chim ti 40 %) 3. Tnh cht ha hc - Fructoz c tnh cht ca poliol v ca OH hemiaxetal tng t glucoz - Trong mi trng trung tnh hoc axit, fructoz khng th hin tnh kh ca anehit, nhng

trong mi trng kim, fructoz li c tnh cht ny do c s chuyn ha gia glucoz v fructoz qua trung gian l mt eniol.

glucoz

eniol

fructoz ( Ch : Fructoz khng phn ng c vi dung dch nc brom v khng c phn ng ln men) SACCAROZ I TNH CHT VT L V TRNG THI T NHIN - Saccaroz l cht kt tinh, khng mu, d tan trong nc, ngt hn glucoz, nng chy nhit 185oC - C nhiu trong cy ma (nn saccaroz cn c gi l ng ma), c ci ng, tht nt - C nhiu dng sn phm: ng phn, ng knh, ng ct II CU TRC PHN T - Cng thc phn t: C12H22O11 - Trong phn t saccaoz gc glucoz v gc fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua nguyn t oxi gia C1 ca glucoz v C2 ca fructoz (C1 O C2) - Cng thc cu to v cch nh s ca vng:

gc glucoz gc fructoz - Nhm OH hemiaxetal khng cn nn saccaroz khng th m vng to nhm CHO III TNH CHT HA HC 1. Tnh cht ca ancol a chc Dung dch saccaroz ha tan kt ta Cu(OH)2 thnh dung dch phc ng saccaroz mu xanh lam

2C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H21O11)2Cu + 2H2O 2. Phn ng ca isaccarit (thy phn) Saccaroz b thy phn thnh glucoz v fructoz khi: + un nng vi dung dch axit + C xc tc enzim trong h tiu ha ca ngi IV - NG DNG V SN XUT NG SACCAROZ 1. ng dng Saccaroz c dng nhiu trong cng nghip thc phm, sn xut bnh ko, nc gii khtTrong cng nghip dc phm pha ch thuc. 2. Sn xut ng saccaroz Cc giai on sn xut saccaroz t ma: (1) p ma ly nc ma (12 15 % ng) (2) un nc ma vi vi sa 60oC + Cc axit bo v cc protit c trong nc ma chuyn thnh kt ta v c lc b + Saccaroz chuyn thnh mui tan canxi saccarat C12H22O11 + Ca(OH)2 + H2O C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O (3) Sc CO2 vo dung dch v lc b kt ta CaCO3 thu c dung dch saccaroz c mu vng C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O + CO2 C12H22O11 + CaCO3 + 2H2O (4) Ty mu nc ng bng kh SO2 (5) C c dung dch nc ng (khng mu v trong sut) di p sut thp. Lm lnh v dng my li tm tch ng kt tinh. V NG PHN CA SACCAROZ : MANTOZ Mantoz cn c gi l ng mch nha. Cng thc phn t C12H22O11 1. Cu trc

- trng thi tinh th, phn t mantoz gm 2 gc glucoz lin kt vi nhau C1 ca gc glucoz ny vi C4 ca gc glucoz kia qua mt nguyn t oxi

- Lin kt C1 O C4 c gi l lin kt 1,4 glicozit - Trong dung dch, gc glucoz th 2 c th m vng to ra nhm CHO Lin kt 1,4 glicozit

2. Tnh cht ha hc a) Tnh cht ca ancol a chc: ging nh saccaroz b) Phn ng ca isaccarit (thy phn): Mantoz b thy phn thnh 2 phn t glucoz khi: - un nng vi dung dch axit - Hoc c xc tc enzim mantaza Glucoz c) Tnh kh ca anehit: Mantoz c 1 nhm anehit nn cho phn ng trng bc, phn ng kh Cu(OH)2 v phn ng vi dung dch nc brom 3. iu ch Thy phn tinh bt nh xc tc enzim amilaza (c trong mm la) 2(C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC12H22O11 Tinh bt Mantoz TINH BT I TNH CHT VT L V TRNG THI T NHIN - Tinh bt l cht rn v nh hnh, mu trng, khng tan trong nc ngui - Trong nc nng t 65oC tr ln, tinh bt chuyn thnh dung dch keo (h tinh bt) - Tinh bt c nhiu trong cc loi ng cc, c (khoai, sn), qu (to, chui) II CU TRC PHN T 1. Cu trc Tinh bt l hn hp ca hai loi polisaccarit : amiloz v amilopectin, trong amiloz chim 20 30 % khi lng tinh bt

a) Phn t amiloz - Cc gc glucoz lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt 1,4 glicozit to thnh mch khng phn nhnh - Phn t amiloz khng dui thng m xon li thnh hnh l xo. Mi vng xon gm 6 gc glucoz

b) Phn t amilopectin - Cc gc glucoz lin kt vi nhau bng 2 loi lin kt:

+ Lin kt 1,4 glicozit to thnh mt chui di (20 30 mt xch glucoz) + Lin kt 1,6 glicozit to nhnh 2. c im a) Phn t khi ca tinh bt khng xc nh do n bin thin trong khong rng b) Tinh bt thuc loi polime nn khng c hai tnh cht sau: ha tan Cu(OH)2 (d c nhiu nhm OH lin k) v tnh kh ca anehit (d tn cng phn t vn c nhm OH hemiaxetal). Cc nhm OH trong tinh bt c kh nng to este nh glucoz. III TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn ng ca polisaccarit (thy phn) a) Thy phn nh xc tc axit v c: dung dch thu c sau phn ng c kh nng trng bc (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 b) Thy phn nh enzim:

- Qu trnh lm bnh m l qu trnh extrin ha bng men v bng nhit. Cm chy l hin tng extrin ha bng nhit - n bnh m, cm chy d tiu v c v hi ngt v phn t tinh bt c phn ct nh thnh cc isaccarit v monosaccarit 2. Phn ng mu vi dung dch iot (c trng) - H tinh bt + dung dch I2 hp cht mu xanh tm - un nng th thy mt mu, ngui th mu xanh tm li xut hin Gii thch: Mch phn t ca amiloz khng phn nhnh v xon thnh dng hnh tr. Cc phn t iot len vo, nm pha trong ng tr v to thnh hp cht bc c mu xanh tm. Lin kt gia iot v amiloz trong hp cht bc l lin kt yu. Ngoi ra, amilopectin cn c kh nng hp th iot trn b mt cc mch nhnh. Hp cht bc khng bn nhit cao, khi un nng mu xanh tm b mt v khi ngui mu xanh tm xut hin tr li. IV S CHUYN HA TINH BT TRONG C TH (SGK ha hc nng cao lp 12 trang 43) V S TO THNH TINH BT TRONG CY XANH (PHN NG QUANG HP) XENLULOZ I TNH CHT VT L V TRNG THI T NHIN - Xenluloz l cht rn hnh si, mu trng, khng mi, khng v, khng tan trong nc v trong dung mi hu c thng thng nh benzen, ete - Xenluloz l thnh phn chnh to ra lp mng t bo thc vt, b khung ca cy ci

- Xenluloz c nhiu trong trong cy bng (95 98 %), ay, gai, tre, na (50 80 %), g (40 50 %) II CU TRC PHN T 1. Cu trc - Cng thc phn t: (C6H10O5)n - Xenluloz l mt polime hp thnh t cc mt xch glucoz bi cc lin kt 1,4 glicozit

2. c im - Mch phn t khng nhnh, khng xon, c bn ha hc v c hc cao - C khi lng phn t rt ln (khong 1.000.000 2.400.000) - Xenluloz thuc loi polime nn khng c hai tnh cht sau: ha tan Cu(OH)2 (d c nhiu nhm OH lin k) v tnh kh ca anehit (d tn cng phn t vn c nhm OH hemiaxetal). - Trong mi mt xch C6H10O5 c 3 nhm OH t do, cng thc ca xenluloz c th c vit l [C6H7O2(OH)3]n III TNH CHT HA HC 1. Phn ng ca polisaccarit (thy phn) - Xy ra khi un nng xenluloz vi dung dch axit v c (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 - Phn ng cng xy ra nh enzim xenlulaza (trong d dy tru, b). C th con ngi khng ng ha c xenluloz 2. Phn ng ca ancol a chc a) Vi HNO3/H2SO4 c (phn ng este ha): [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + nHNO3 (c) [C6H7O2(OH)2ONO2]n + nH2O Xenluloz mononitrat [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 2nHNO3 (c) [C6H7O2(OH)(ONO2)2]n + 2nH2O Xenluloz initrat [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHNO3 (c) [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O Xenluloz trinitrat - Hn hp xenluloz mononitrat, xenluloz initrat c gi l coloxilin. Coloxilin dng ch to cht do xenluloit dng lm bng bn, chi

- Hn hp cha ch yu xenluloz trinitrat c gi l piroxilin (lm cht n), dng ch to thuc sng khng khi. Phn ng n xy ra nh sau: 2[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n 6nCO2 + 6nCO + 4nH2O + 3nN2 + 3nH2 b) Vi anhirit axetic (c H2SO4 c) [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3n(CH3CO)2O [C6H7O2(OCOCH3)3]n + 3nCH3COOH Xenluloz triaxetat l mt loi cht do, d ko thnh t si c) Vi CS2 v NaOH [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + nNaOH [C6H7O2(OH)2ONa]n + nH2O [C6H7O2(OH)2ONa]n + nCS2 [C6H7O2(OH)2OCSSNa]n Xenluloz xantogenat Xenluloz xantogenat dng iu ch t visco d) Xenluloz khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2, nhng tan c trong dung dch [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 (nc Svayde) to cht lng nht dng to t ng - amoniac. IV - NG DNG Xenluloz c nhiu ng dng quan trng trong sn xut v i sng nh sn xut giy, t, si, ancol etylic MT S DNG BI TP V CACBOHIRAT Bi 1: Ln men a gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90 %, lng CO2 sinh ra cho hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi trong thu c 10,0 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim 3,40 gam. Vy gi tr ca a l: A. 20,0 gam B. 15,0 gam C. 30,0 gam D. 13,5 gam Gi : mCO2 = m kt ta m dung dch gim = 10 3,4 = 6,6 gam nCO2 = 0,15 a

= = 15 gam Bi 2: Ln men mt tn tinh bt cha 5 % tp cht tr thnh ancol etylic, hiu sut mi qu trnh ln men l 85 %. Nu em pha long ancol thnh ru 40o (khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 g/cm3) th th tch dung dch ru thu c l: A. 1218,1 lt B. 1812,1 lt C. 1225,1 lt D. 1852,1 lt Gi : (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 2nC2H5OH + 2nCO2 m(C2H5OH) = ml V(dung dch ru) = = 389793,21 gam = 1218,1 lt V(C2H5OH nc) =

Bi 3: Ha tan m gam hn hp saccaroz v mantoz vo nc thu c dung dch X. Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 10,8 gam kt ta Phn 2: Thy phn hon hon c dung dch Y. Cho Y phn ng va ht vi 40 gam Br2 trong dung dch. Gi thit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l: A. 273,6 gam B. 102,6 gam C. 136,8 gam D. 205,2 gam Gi : nAg = 0,1 mol ; nBr2 = 0,25 mol Phn 1: ch c mantoz phn ng vi AgNO3 trong NH3 theo t l 1 : 2 n mantoz = 0,1 : 2 = 0,05 (mol) Phn 2: - thy phn th saccaroz cho glucoz v fructoz cn mantoz cho glucoz. Tc dng vi dung dch brom ch c glucoz tc dng - n(mantoz) = 0,05 mol thy phn cho 0,1 mol glucoz m nBr2 p = 0,25 n(glucoz do saccaroz) . Thy phn = 0,25 0,1 = 0,15 mol n(saccaroz) = 0,15 mol Vy gi tr m = 2.(0,05 + 0,15).342 = 136,8 gam Bi 4: Kh cacbonic chim t l 0,03 % th tch khng kh. Cn bao nhiu lt khng kh ( ktc) cung cp CO2 cho phn ng quang hp to ra 50 gam tinh bt: A. 112554,3 lt B. 136628,7 lt C. 125541,3 lt D. 138266,7 lt Gi :

V(CO2 cn) = lt V(khng kh cn) = = 138266,7 lt Bi 5: Phn ng tng hp glucoz trong cy xanh nh sau: 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 (H = 2813 kJ). Nu trong mt pht, mi cm2 b mt tri t nhn c khong 2,09 J nng lng mt tri th cn bao nhiu thi gian 10 l xanh vi din tch mi l l 10 cm2 to ra c 1,8 gam glucoz. Bit nng lng mt tri ch s dng 10 % vo phn ng tng hp glucoz: A. 18 gi B. 22 gi 26 pht C. 26 gi 18 pht D. 20 gi Gi : Trong 1 pht, nng lng mt tri do 10 l cy s dng cho tng hp glucoz l: J

Nng lng cn to ra 1,8 gam glucoz l: kJ = 28130 J Thi gian cn l: 28130 : 20,9 =1346 pht hay 22 gi 26 pht

Bi 6: sn xut ra 1 tn xenluloz trinitrat cn a kg xenluloz v b kg axit nitric. Bit s hao ht trong sn xut l 12 %. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l: A. 619,8 kg v 723 kg B. 719,8 kg v 823 kg C. 719,8 kg v 723 kg D. 619,8 kg v 823 kg Gi : [C6H7O2(OH)3] + 3nHNO3 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O Do hao ht 12% H = 88 %

a= kg v b = kg Bi 7: Cho xenluloz phn ng vi anhirit axetic (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) thu c 11,1 gam hn hp X gm xenluloz triaxetat, xenluloz iaxetat v 6,6 gam axit axetic. Phn trm theo khi lng ca xenluloz iaxetat trong hn hp X l: A. 77,8 % B. 72,5 % C. 22,2 % D. 27,5 % Gi : [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3n(CH3CO)2O [C6H7O2(OCOCH3)3]n + 3nCH3COOH x x 3x [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 2n(CH3CO)2O [C6H7O2(OH)(OCOCH3)2]n + 2nCH3COOH y y 2y T c h phng trnh: iaxetat) = % Bin son H Ch Tun - H Y H Ni Bnh lun (61) canhtran93 - (29/10/2011 10:23:29) rt hay...cm n thy nguyenvancuong - (01/10/2011 11:37:20) thay"gioi ghe" hjhj.:d inhlem9x - (26/09/2011 08:19:41) Thy c SGk k wa' h! vinhancl - (19/09/2011 04:28:46) 2813 l u ra nh ? kiet168 - (19/09/2011 01:11:16) c ch sai.my ng ny ch xem ci gi u ko.ai pht hin ch sai no???? chudu_vodka - (17/09/2011 10:11:27) ch c g mi m,SGK ton tp % (khi lng xenluloz

daothienmy - (03/09/2011 03:19:03) cm n thy ! xuxumayman - (21/08/2011 07:17:49) cm n thy rt nhiu girldonganh93 - (19/08/2011 10:3:23) cm n thy nhiu heomap1264 - (13/08/2011 10:59:38) cam on thay.thay giang bai rat cu the.cong thuc cua cacbohidrat phuc tap co can phai nho ko thay? ntd94st - (09/08/2011 07:48:08) thanks thy giathi - (07/08/2011 06:20:38) thm o g....... minhtri24694 - (06/08/2011 10:32:18) hay wa quanghungpro - (02/08/2011 04:20:54) thng thi kernel - (12/07/2011 08:51:34) Rt chi tit, cm n thy nhiu kona94 - (12/07/2011 07:16:10) hay wa thay oi, thank thay nhieu khuyettat - (04/06/2011 03:26:10) thank thy nhiu!!! khuyettat - (04/06/2011 03:26:05) thank thy nhiu!!! ngathanh - (01/06/2011 06:36:24) so vi sgk thi ko khc gi.cac bt thi kung bt a thay naz.e thy dhoc nhiu bi kh hon phanthjnjna - (23/04/2011 01:41:45) ko th tuyt vi hn.... ducmanh93 - (08/03/2011 03:4:41) Thy i c bn .pdf thy gi ln bn em xem offline cho tin! ngoctran0403 - (09/02/2011 09:51:55) cam on thay! mquocdungvt - (02/12/2010 07:13:41) that la hay ,cam on thay,bai giang cua thay lam em nho sau

hon khi doc troc sgk dung_123_123456 - (30/11/2010 10:11:08) thy ost nhng ci sgk ko c th hay hn ost nhng ci sgk a. em thy so vi sgk th ko hn c l bao duonghuy_dca - (23/11/2010 12:0:00) Em cm n thy rt nhiu,bi ging ca thy rt b ch v hay.Tha thy , thy c kinh nghim g trong vic hc ho thy ch cho em? Nu thy c a ch email,thy cho em c khng ,c g vng mc,em mong thy gi .Em xin chn thnh cm n.Chc thy sc kho,cng tc tt! choihuynra - (21/11/2010 12:50:45) Em cm n thy rt rt nhiu . truong quang hoi - (14/11/2010 10:32:10) cam on thay ha!!!!!!!! minhvu2309 - (30/10/2010 03:29:10) cm n thnh nhiu nguyetngo93 - (28/10/2010 07:37:01) thay oi day co ai la tat ca cac dang ko ha mrhoc1993 - (17/10/2010 06:43:52) tai sao minh coy aste vao worad lai bi thieu chu~ nhj jia' ma co dowm load de in ra giay hoc thi hay tiny_cherry93 - (23/09/2010 07:24:06) hn bai t mt s ch bi thiu love7672 - (22/09/2010 11:36:43) found hocado - (16/09/2010 08:54:46) cho em huong trih hoi san xuat ancol tu xenluzo theblue_1212 - (16/09/2010 12:25:41) tuyt voi NGOCTHINH - (14/09/2010 11:28:08) ju em thay bai giang nay hay nhat kua hoa huu co misshacker1202 - (14/08/2010 10:36:21) bi cng hay nhng c nhiu iu rt kh hiu thy co th thm vi bi ton nhn bit c khng vs thm vi bi nh kiu bi s 3 acthat - (15/07/2010 08:43:07) cung hay nhung hai sat vao bai hc kenkentuyetbn - (06/07/2010 09:42:18)

thay giang hay that votinh9x - (03/07/2010 01:39:22) cung bt .cai quan trong la ko toat len caj y cua chuong nay ca? conan_10 - (21/04/2010 05:34:07) cam on thay nhieu longquochan - (28/02/2010 03:29:43) bai giang cua thay hay,cam on thay nhieu............... tajkut3 - (31/12/2009 12:35:24) Sao mjnh` hok they' they` tra? loj` laj. nhj? .Kj` la. wa' ????! ngongoctrang - (28/12/2009 11:53:34) co cach nao hoc tot ly thuyet cua han huu co khong thay.e toan bi mat diem han do quangpc - (27/12/2009 04:4:49) E cm n thy nhiu ! tuong - (17/12/2009 10:49:13) k hju j het lun botay.com heaven in the sun - (27/11/2009 04:18:13) thay co the viet them mot so huong ha han biet giua cac chat voi nhau k ah? zanynguyen - (03/11/2009 10:0:06) cm n thy bi giang hay w^^ KAZUHA-HONGNGAT - (26/10/2009 09:12:49) bai giang cua thay hay lam thay co the cho e xin 1 chut kinh ngh ve viec hoc hoa dc chu e thi kho A ma h hoa mu tit chang biet la bao thay giu e dc ko a e cam on thay william - (15/10/2009 10:1:21) sao em c m ch hu mi l ch JiYung_5s - (05/10/2009 11:11:15) noi chung la` cung tam dc hoangvu2310 - (29/09/2009 08:3:01) thy nn ging 1 bi v si ,tnh acide va bazo lananh92 - (28/09/2009 01:26:07) bai giang de hieu bemun - (28/09/2009 01:10:59) cm n thy nhiu bi ging rt hay :) vjp_dajgia - (28/09/2009 10:28:24)

chao may em octopusalone - (27/09/2009 06:15:46) cm n thy giacatluong_pro - (27/09/2009 10:17:43) cam on thay bai giang rat hay thieuhoa_pro - (26/09/2009 11:51:58) my ci cng thc cu to kh nh qu thy , c cch no d thy ch cho em vi, ci m chuyn t mch thng sang mch vng y bssst_tuan - (26/09/2009 07:15:08) Cm n thy nhiu ! ^ ^ gionhemuadongQTDBK - (26/09/2009 07:13:58) Baj Gjang Hay Mjnh hoa rat de! boytiny_Vp2007 - (26/09/2009 01:15:13) d c stevenspy - (25/09/2009 11:37:42)
bc tem!

Vit bnh lun Ni dung: