1.

1.1
-

1.2
1. (Adam Smith)
"The Wealth of Nations" (Laissez
faire)


2. (John maynard
Keynes) "The General Theory of Employment, Interest and
Money"

2.
2.1 (Microeconomics)
-
- , ,
2.2 (Macroeconomics)
-
- ,

3.
3.1
1. (Positive Economics)

2. (Normative Economics)

3.2

4.
4.1


"
" ( )
4.2
(What, how, for whom)
1. : -
2. :

3. :
4.3

1.

2. (Thomas Robert Malthas)

-
(1,2,4,8,16,32,....)
-

(1,2,3,4,5,6,......)
-
-


3.

(Green Revolution)

2
- (, Economic Goods )


- (, Free Goods)

(Utiluty)

(
)

(Standard of living)

(Cost of living)

1.
1.1
1.2
1.
2.

3.
4.
,
5.
1.3 -
1.

2.

()
1. ()

2.

3. :
***

(Specialization)
4. : ,
)

"
"
"" ,

""
""

1.4

2.
2.1
-
2.2

2.3
-
-
-
-

2.4 "

"
3.
3.1

3.2
(Specialization)
3.3
1. (Barter System)
-


-
(1)

(2)
(3)
(4)
2. (Exchange System with money)
-

-
(1)
(2) ""
(3)
(4)
-
(1) () :


(2)
() :

-
3 ()


3.

3.4 :
1.

2.

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.
3.

4. ()
2
4.1
4.2
5. -
5.1

(Demand)

(Purchasing Power)

1.


2.

3.

(Supply)

1.
2.
3.

: :

""
(Positive
(negative relationship) relationship)

5.2 (Equilibrium)

1. ()
() ()
2.

E
B

6.
6.1
-


-
""
6.2
1.
2. (

)
*


1.

1.1 ()

1.2
1.
-
-
2. ()

-
-
1.3

2.
2.1 GDP GNP
1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product )
-

2. GNP (Gross National Product )
-

GDP = 5,000
= 500
= 1,000 GNP
- GNP = 5,000 + (500 - 1,000) = 5,000 - 500 = 4,500
*** GDP

*** GNP

2.2 -
1. -

-
2.
1. -
2. - + ()
3. - - ( )
3.
1.

- -


-
- ,
2.
-

-
-
3.
3.1
1. ()
-
-
-


-

-

2.
3.2
-

3.3
1.
2.
1.

2.
3.

3.4

1.
1.
2.
2.

1.
()

2.
( )
3.
()

3.5
1.

2.
3.6
1. (..1940 - 1960)
- -
-

- 1 - 4
2. (.. 1960 - 1980)

-

- 5 - 7
3) (.. 1980)
-
3.7 (Newly Industrialized Countries, NICs)
1.
-

-
-
-


-
-
2.
- GDP 20

- 25

- 1,800

- GDP 30

-
3.
-
-
- Asian - Nics
(
)
3.8
1.
2.
3.

1.

1.1
1.
2.
1.2
1.

2.
1.3
1.
1
2. 3
-
-
-
1.4
1.

-
-

-


*


2.

-

-
-

*
-
-
(

)
-
-
2.

2.1
1.

(1)
-

-


(2)
-
-

2.
(1) :

(2) :


(3) :

(4)
:

(5) :

-
-

-
3.

3.
3.1
1.
() ()
-
( )
----
2. =
-
-
(1)

(2) (
(3)
3. =
-
-
(1) (
)
(2)
3.2
1.
()
- :
- :

- : ()
2.
:

3.
:
**

(SDR)

x - x x *

( )

3.3
1.
-

-

2.
-
-
3.
-
-

-

4.
4.1

(Free Trade
Area)

1.
-

(EFTA) -
2.
(LAFTTA) (
NAFTA
)

1.

2.

(EEC)

(EC)

(EU)

1.

2.

()

4.2

1.
1( 1980)


(1) 2
(2)
-
2
2. 2
- (GATT)

- (IMF)
3. 1950-1960
- "" (EEC)
- "" (EFTA)
- "" (LAFTA)
- "
" (OPEC)
- "" (ASEAN)
4. 1980
- "" (EC)
- " " (NAFTA)
- "" (AFTA)
4.3

1. (World Bank)
-
IDA, IFC
- :

- :

2. (International Monetary Fund - IMF)

-


**IMF

-
1.

2.


3. (GATT, WTO)


-
WTO

4. (UNTAD)
(1)

(2)
-
-
-
(3) 2 UNTAD

" 77"

"
" (OECD)


(4)
- (GSP)

***
GSP ***
4.4

1. (European unity: EU)
- 16

-
-
(
EURO)
2. (European Free Trade Association : EFTA)
- 4
-
-
3. (North America Free Trade Area : NAFTA)
- 4
-

***NAFTA "
" ***
4. (CAEI)
-

-

5. (LAFTA)
- 11


-

6. (ASEAN)
- 10

-
- (
)
*

ASEAN

1.

2.
- -
-

-
-
-
5
15 ( : AFTA)
7. (Asia - Pacific Economic Cooperation : APEC)
- 21

-

8. (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries : OPEC)

- 13

-
4.5
1.

2.
3.

5.
5.1

5.2

5.3 Farm act (

),
5.4
6.
-

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.

3. (Public Receipt)
3.1 = + ()
3.2
1. (88%
)
2. (6%
)
3. (2%
)
4.
(4%
)
3.3
1. :

2. :

3.4
1. :
2. :
3. :
*

4.
4.1
4.2
1. -

2. ()
3. 1
30 2537 1
2536
30 2537
4. 3



5.

6.
5.
5.1
1.

2.

5.2
1.


2.

3.
4.

1.
1.1 (Purchasing Power)
1 50 ---> 1 = 1/50
1.2
(Price Index)

1.3 -
1.
-
2.
-
2.
2.1
2.2 = + +
*

*
2.3 = + +
3.
3.1
-
-
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.2 -
-
1.
2.
4. -

</FONT< td>

1.

2.

3.

1.
2.
3.

1.

2.

1.
2.


1.
1.1

1.2

2.

(
)

1.

4.

4.

1.

1.

2.
3.

2.

3.

2.
3.

3.

1.
2.
3.
4.

4.

1.
2.

3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.

1.

1.1


1.2 2
2
- 2

-
1.3

1.
2.
3.
2.

2.1
7

2.2


1.

2.
3.
2.3



-


-


2.4

1.

2.



3.

3.
3.1


3.2

3.3
4.
4.1 10

1. ()
2. 1 (

)
3. ( )
1
4.2

4.3
6
4.4

5.
5.1 50%
5.2
-
5.3

1.
1.1 (.)
1.2

** **
1.
-
-
2.
-
-
-
-
3.
-
-
-
2.
2.1 2
2.2

1.
-
2.
3.
4.

5. L.C.(Letter of Credit) Bank Garantee
6. - -
3.

3.1 (.)
-

3.2
-

(
)
3.3
-

4.

-

4.1 (IFCT)
-


-
4.2 ([SIFCT)
- ( 1 )
-
4.3

-

4.4

-

4.5

-

-


4.6

- (
)
-
4.7
- (
...)
-
4.8
-
-
-
4.9
- () (
)
-

""

1.
1.1
:

1.2 : (

)
2.
2.1

2.2
2.3

3.
-
1. ,
,

2.
3. -
4.
- 2

1.
2 - .. 2530
1.1 .

1.2

1.3
()

1.4 2516 - 2517

1 14 ..2516
1.5 2518 -2522
2
1.6 2525
( )

2530
2.

2.1
1.

2.

3.
2.2
2.3
2.4
1. (

)
2.

3.
4.
5.
3.
3.1
1.
-
-
-
- ( .. 2540)

2.

3. EU
-

-
4.
5.
6.

3.2
-

3.3
1.
2.
3.
4. ,
5.

1.
1.1 3
1.
2.
3.
1.2

2.
2.1
-

-

-

-
2.2

-
-
-

1.
1.1

1.2
..2515
1.3


1.4 (
)
2.
2.1

1.
2.
3. .
2.2

2.3 computer
2.4
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3 .

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.5
1.6 -
2. .
2.1
. ""
.

2.2 .

2.3
1.
(1)
-
-

(2) ,

(3)
(4)
2.

2.4 3 (
)

1.
1.1

1.2 ( 5 )
1.3

2.

2.1 ..2504(
)
2.2 1 6 ( 5 )

3.

1. G.D.P.
8%
2.
-

(
)
-

- "
"
-

1.

2.

1. G.D.P.
6.2%


(

)
3
-

2.

4
()
;
-

1.
2.
-
-
-
-
-

1. G.D.P.
4.4%

2.

1.
6

2.

3.
1.
(

2531)
2. 4.

-
3.


-
-
-

-
(
)

""
"" "
"

-
7

-

"
8 "
"

9
"

4.
-
(Newly Agro-Industrialized Country NAIC, NAC)
- NAIS (Newly Industrialized and Service Countries)

1.
1.1

1.2
1.3

1.4
2.
2.1
1.

2.
3
1 ( ..2516)

2 ( ..2521) -
3 ( 2533) -
- 3

3.
2.2
1.

2.
3. 2528
2.3
1.
E.U.
2.

E.U.
2.4
1.

2.

3.

4. /
3.
3.1
1.
- "" ..2528
- (GSP)
(PEC)

2.


3. E.U.
3.2
3.3
3.4 WTO
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3 AFTA

4.4 WTO