Pic 18F4550

Nguyn Th Anh Khoa Din Tu Vin Thng
1

LI CAM ON

Truoc tin chung ti xin gui loi cam on dn cac thy, c giao Truong Dai Hoc
Cng Ngh - DHQGHN, b mn Din Tu Vin Thng d nhit tinh giang day va
truyn dat nhng kin thuc, kinh nghim qui gia trong sut bn nm chung ti hoc dai
hoc.
Ti xin gui loi cam on su sc dn PGS.TS Ng Din Tp, d tn tinh huong dn,
cung cp tai liu trong sut qua trinh thuc hin d tai nay
Ti xin gui loi cam on dn tp th lop K49DB, nhng nguoi dng hanh trong
khoa hoc va co nhiu kin dong gop.
Mt ln na xin gui loi cam on chn thanh va su sc!

Ha Ni, thang 6 nm 2008

Sinh vin thuc hin:

Nguyn Th Anh

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

2

MO DAU

Co th noi, hin nay vi diu khin d rt ph bin o Vit Nam, va duoc ung
dung rt nhiu. Nhng sinh vin nghanh Din, Din Tu , Co Din Tu, Tin Hoc, Vin
Thng ... hu nhu ai cung bit cach d lam vic voi vi diu khin. Ngay nay, nhng
tin b trong cng ngh ban dn d thuc dy su phat trin khng ngung cua nghanh
cng nghip tu dng, cac qua trinh diu khin tu dng hoa va diu khin thoi gian thuc
d dt ra yu cu rt lon v vic trao di d liu giua cac h thng hay gia cac b
phn trong cung mt h thng.
Cac muc tiu d ra trong lun vn:
Chuong I: So Luoc V Vi Diu Khin
Chuong II: Vi Diu Khin Microchip PIC
Chuong III: Vi Diu Khin PIC 18F4550
Chuong IV: Cng Ngh USB Qua Microchip 18F4550
Chuong V: Chuyn Di Tu Thit Bi Flash PIC 18F Sang PIC 18FXXJ
Chuong VI: Dng H Bao Thuc


3

Mc lc

CHUONG I: SO LUOC VE VI DIEU KHIEN ........................................................... 5
1.1. So Luoc V Cu Truc Cua Vi Diu Khin ....................................................... 5
1.2 Mt Vai Ho Vi Diu Khin Ph Bin: .............................................................. 7
1.2.1 INTEL 8051 ............................................................................................. 7
1.2.3 MOTOROLA 68HCxx ............................................................................. 7
1.2.4 MICROCHIP PIC 12Xxxx, 16Xxxx, 17Xxxx, 18Xxxx, DSPIC ............... 8
CHUONG II: VI DIEU KHIEN MICROCHIP PIC ..................................................... 9
2.1 Lich Su Phat Trin ............................................................................................ 9
2.2 Phn Loai ....................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Ho cp thp (low-end) ............................................................................ 10
2.2.2 Ho cp chung (Mid-range) ..................................................................... 10
2.2.3 Ho cp cao (High-end) 17Cxxx .............................................................. 11
2.2.4 Ho cp cao (High- perIormance) ............................................................ 12
2.3 Mt S Uu Dim Microchip PIC .................................................................... 12
CHUONG III: VI DIEU KHIEN PIC 18F4550 .......................................................... 14
3.1 So d chn ...................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Cac Cng Cu Lp Trinh .................................................................................. 20
3.3 Don vi ICD-U40 ............................................................................................. 23
3.4 Tiu Thu Nng Luong .................................................................................... 24
3.5 FIRMWARE .................................................................................................. 25
3.6 Cac cng cu lam vic ...................................................................................... 25
3.7 Thit bi lop ..................................................................................................... 25
3.8 Firmware HID ................................................................................................ 26
3.9 Mt s dc tinh: .............................................................................................. 26
3.10 Nguyn tc hoat dng: .................................................................................. 26
3.11 Driver ........................................................................................................... 27
3.12 M Ta Thuc Hin Firmware Thu Hai ........................................................... 29
3.13 Kt lun ........................................................................................................ 32
CHUONG IV: CNG NGHE USB QUA MICROCHIP 18F4550 ............................. 34
4.1 Gioi thiu ....................................................................................................... 34
4.2 Vi xu l 18I4550 ............................................................................................ 34
4.3 Lp rap bang phat trin ................................................................................... 34
4.3 Truyn tai khoi dng vao 18F4550 ................................................................. 36
4.4 Phat trin ung dung trong MPLAB IDE .......................................................... 37
CHUONG V: CHUYEN DOI TU THIET BI FLASH PIC18F SANG PIC18FXXJ ... 47
5.1 Chuyn di thit bi ......................................................................................... 47
5.2 Gioi thiu ....................................................................................................... 47
5.3 Reset Brown-out (BOR) ................................................................................. 51
5.4 XUNG ............................................................................................................ 51
5.5Tuy chon dao dng k ..................................................................................... 52
5.6 Dng h do nng luong .................................................................................. 52

4

5.7 D tr khoi dng/reset .................................................................................... 52
5.8 Su khac Bit V Chn..................................................................................... 53
5.9 Din tro ko gn trong .................................................................................... 54
5.10 Ty l dong trn cac chn vao/ra .................................................................... 54
5.11 V
CAP
/V
DDCORE
va ENVREG .......................................................................... 55
5.12 B Nho Chuong Trinh .................................................................................. 55
5.12.1 ID thit bi ............................................................................................. 55
5.12.2 Tu cu hinh .......................................................................................... 55
5.12.3 Cac chu trinh ghi .................................................................................. 58
5.12.4 Kha nng ghi nho dc tinh .................................................................... 58
5.12.5M phong tu ghi va EEPROM............................................................... 58
5.12.6 Bao v m ............................................................................................ 59
5.12.7 Vao ch d lp trinh ............................................................................. 59
5.13 Thit Lp Chinh Xac Cho Chuong Trinh Thit Bi Va Cng Cu Phn Mm .. 60
5.14 KHAC BIET MODULE .............................................................................. 61
5.15 TONG KET .................................................................................................. 61
CHUONG VI: DONG HO BAO THUC .............................................................. 62
6.1 Tom luoc ........................................................................................................ 62
6.2 Chi thi hoat dng ............................................................................................ 62
6.2.1 Ngay thang/thoi gian hin tai .................................................................. 62
6.2.2 Thoi gian 12 gio hay thoi gian qun su ................................................... 63
6.2.3 Bao thuc ................................................................................................. 64
6.2.4 m bao thuc ........................................................................................... 65
6.2.5 Dng b, cho va ngung bao thuc ............................................................ 65
6.3 USB................................................................................................................ 67
6.4 Lp trinh PIC .................................................................................................. 67
6.4.1 Dng h ................................................................................................. 67
6.4.2 USB ....................................................................................................... 68
6.5 Su dung Compact Flash .................................................................................. 68
6.6 Chip b m hoa MP3 ...................................................................................... 69
6.7 B chuyn di s - tuong tu CS4334 .............................................................. 72
6.8 Man hinh LED ................................................................................................ 72
6.9 Kt lun .......................................................................................................... 73


5

CHUONG I

SO LUOC VE VI DIEU KHIEN
1.1. So Luc V Cu Trc Cua Vi Diu Khin
Nm 1971 b vi xu l du tin ra doi d mo ra mt thoi dai moi trong cng
ngh din tu va tin hoc, no d anh huong su sc dn moi linh vuc khoa hoc cng ngh.
Cac he thng duoc thit k dua trn nn tang cua b vi xu l ( din hinh nhu PC) co
kha nng ma cac h thng din tu thng thuong khng th thuc hin duoc.
Cac hng ch tao ban dn d tich hop cac mach ngoai vi va b vi xu l ln mt
chip duy nht (on chip) d tao ra cac b vi diu khin, d nhm han ch ti da cac linh
kin mc ngoai khi xy dung h thng co su dung vi xu l, vi diu khin.
Nhng b vi diu khin moi hin nay cua cac hng nhu: ATMEL, MOTOROLA,
MICROCHIP. Bn trong d tich hop nhiu thit bi ngoai vi nhu khi ADC, kh
PWM, cac loai b nho, b dm, cac cng truyn thng nhu: 12C, UART, CAN, PSP,
USB, khi diu khin LCD, thm chi ca cac khi thu phat khng dy RF. Diu nay
khin cho vic thuc hin cac ung dung voi vi diu khin tro nn d dang, giam duoc
kich thuoc mach din va chi phi.
Vic thit k va ch tao ra cac b xu l (microprocessor) hin nay phat trin theo
hai hong chinh. Huong thu nht la phat trin cac b xu l manh tc d cao thuc hin
hang ty lnh mi giy, d dai tu d liu lon 32 hoc 64 bit, truy nhp khng gian b
nho dn hang trm Mbyte hin nay d ln hang Gbyte. Cac b xu l nay duoc dung
trongcac h thng cn co cng sut tinh toan cao nhu o may tinh ca nhn PC (Personal
Computer). cac h diu khin trong cng nghip. Huong thu hai do la thit k, ch tao
cac vi diu khin (microcontroller), do la mt vi mach don bn trong gm b xu l
8,12,14 hoc 16 bit va cac khi chuc nng nhu b nho, b dm, b bin di A/D, cng
ni tip. . Cac vi diu khin din hinh la intel 8051, ATMEL, AVR, MOTOROLA
68HC11, Microchip Pic.
Diu thuc day vic nghin cuu ch tao vi diu khin do la tinh da dung, d dang
lp trinh va gia thanh thp. Vi diu khin to ra rt hp dn trong cac ung dung diu
khin din tu vi co kich thuoc nho, tuy nho nhung chuc nng cung rt da dang, d
dang tich hop vao trong h thng d diu khin toan h thng.

6

Cac thanh phn cua vi diu khin la: CPU, RAM, ROM, cac b dm, b dinh
thoi, cac cng vao ra, giao din truyn thng ni tip, cac khi chuyn di tuong tu s
A/D va nguoc lai s tuong tu D/A. Khi xu l trung tm CPU thuc hin cac chi thi
duoc luu trong b nho chuong trinh ROM d diu khin tt ca cac thanh phn con lai.
B nho truy cp ngu nhin RAM duoc dung d luu cac thit lp va cac bin su dung
trong chuong trinh. Chuong trinh va cac s liu c dinh duoc luu trong ROM. B nho
ROM cua vi diu khin se tro thanh phn sun (Iirmware) sau khi duoc nap trinh. B
nho ROM nay co th la loai ROM mt na (masked ROM), voi loai nay chuong trinh
duoc dua vao ngay trong qua trinh ch tao vi mach. Hay co th la loai OTP ROM chi
cho php nap chuong trinh mt ln, loai EFROM co th ghi va xoa nhiu ln bng tia
cuc tim, ngoai ra con loai b nho na la EEFROM la loai b nho khng tu bay hoi co
th duoc thay di d dang boi nguoi lp trinh.
Vi diu khin duoc su dung rng ri trong cac thit bi din tu: chung co trong cac
thit bi vin thng, may vn phong, d din tu gia dung, d choi tre em, thit bi giai tri.
Cac thit bi do noi chung du cn mt co cu diu khin thng minh, co kha nng
tuong tac voi nguoi su dung.
Chuong trinh cho vi diu khin la mt tp cac lnh d duoc dich thanh m may
thuong duoc nap truc tip vao b nho ROM cua vi diu khin tu may tinh thng
quamot b nap trinh. Mt phia cua b nap duoc ni voi cng may tinh (COM, USB,
LPT) d nhn d liu tu may tinh, phia kia dua d liu toi vi diu khin thng qua cac
chn nap trinh cua vi diu khin . Cac chn nay lai la cac chn vao ra thng thuong sau
khi vi dieu khin d duoc nap chuong trinh.
Cac cng vao ra s cho cac d liu nhi phn di chuyn voa ra qua cac chn cua vi
diu khin. Cac chn nay duoc dung d ghp ni vi diu khin voi cac thit bi vao ra
s hay ghp ni voi cac b vi diu khin khac d thuc hin cac chuc nang nao do.
Cng truyn thng d liu ni tip tao kha nng giao tip cua h thng voi cac h
thng khac qua cac chun giao tip nhu: URAT, CAN, 12C, SPI.
Cac b dm dung d tao ra cac nhip thoi gian chinh xac hoc d dm xung.
Khi chuyn di A/D cho php vi diu khin giao tip voi cac thit bi din tu
tuong tu nhu cam bin tuong tu nho do no co th dua cac d liu tuong tu vao d xu
l va luu tr. Khi A/D cho php vi diu khin diu khin cac thit bi khng tuong
thich diu khin s.

7

1.2 Mt Vi H Vi Diu Khin Ph Bin:
1.2.1 INTEL 8051
Co 40 chn, trong do co 32 chn vao ra
128 byte RAM
Co kha nng dinh dia chi duoc 64Kbyte b nho ngoai
Co 2 toi 3 khi timer
Tn s xung nhip 12-24MHz
Co khi UART
Nap trinh song song o cac phn ho co b nho chuong trinh
1.2.2 ATMEL AVR AT90Sxxxx
Dong vo 8-20-40 chn, tuong ung la 3-15-32 chn vao ra
Ch luong b nho chuong trinh tu 512 byte dn 8 Kbyte.
Co 128 byte dn 512 byte RAM
Co khi UART trong mt s loai co cao
Co 1 dn 2 timer 8 bit mt s loai co timer 16 bit
B ADC 10bit voi 6-8 knh vao
Co b nho EEFROM dung luong 64-512 byte
Tn s xung nhip 10 MHz
Tp lnh RISC
Nap trinh ni tip theo chun ICSP
1.2.3 MOTOROLA 68HCxx
Dong vo PLCC52, 68 hoc 82 chn
38 chn vao ra
Co 1 byte b nho RAM bn trong
Khng co hoc ti da 20Kbyte b nho lnh
Co khi UARTx

8

B ADC 8bit, 6-8 knh vao
5 b timer 16 bit
Co b nho khng tu bay hoi EEFROM 512 byte
Kha nng dinh dia chi 16 Kbyte b nho ngoai
Tn s xung nhip 8 MHz
Nap trinh song song
1.2.4 MICROCHIP PIC 12Xxxx, 16Xxxx, 17Xxxx, 18Xxxx, DSPIC
Dong voDip8-18-28-40 (ph bin), tuong ung la 5-13-22-3 chn I/O
Dung luong b nho chuong trinh ROM 512 byte dn 8 Kbyte
Co tu 25 dn 400 byte RAM
O cac loai cp chung va cp cao co khi UART
Co 1 dn 3 timer 8 bit, 16 bit
B ADC 8bit, 10bit, 6-8 knh vao
Co b nho EEFROM dung luong 64-512 byte o cac ho Fxxx va DSPIC
Co kha nng dinh dia chi cho b nho ngoai o cac ho cp cao
Tn s xung nhip tu 4-40 MHz
Tp lnh RISC
Da s nap trinh theo chun ICSP


9

CHUONG II

VI DIEU KHIEN MICROCHIP PIC
2.1 L|ch Su Pht Trin
Nm 1965 hng Genneral Instrument thanh lp ban vi din tu nhm tp trung
nghin cuu cng ngh ch tao b nho kiu EPROM va EEPROM, do la cac linh kin
thu hut nhiu du tu cua cac phong thi nghim ban dn. Du nhng nm 70 Genneral
Instrument cung ch tao vi xu l 16 bit PC1600. B xu l nay kha tt nhung co nhuoc
dim la kha nng vao ra khng manh d thich ung b xu l PC1600 trong cac ung
dung cn co tinh nng cao. Nm 1975 Genneral Instrument thit k vi mach diu
khin giao tip ngoai vi (Peripheral interIace controler) vit tt la PIC, do la linh kin
h tro cac tinh nng vao ra cho vi xu l PIC khng cn nhiu chuc nng vi chi xu l
cac cng vic vao ra do do b m lnh cua no kho nho gon. Nhng vi diu khin PIC
du tin co dim yu la ch tao theo cng ngh n-MOS nn tiu thu nhiu nng luong,
b nho chuong trinh la loai ROM mt na chi nap duoc mt ln, do do chuong trinh
diu khin duoc nap ngay khi ch tao vi mach nn chi thich hop voi cac khach hang
dt mua voi s luong lon, d lp rap trong san xut nhng san phm cu th.
Nhng nm du thp ki 80 Genneral Instrument gp kho khn trong thuong mai
va t chuc lai. Hng tp trung vao ch tao linh kin ban dn cng suat lon la th manh
cho toi hin nay cua hng. Genneral Instrument d chuyn nhuong Ban vi din tu va
nha may tai Chandle, bang Anizona cho cac nha du tu. Ho lp ra mt cng ty moi, dt
tn la Arizona Microchip technology hin nay la Microchip technology Inc.
Chin luoc cua cac nha du tu la tp trung vao vi diu khin va cac b nho ban
dn. Cac vi mach PIC n-MOS duoc cai tin, ch tao dua trn nn tang cng ngh moi
CMOS. Cac san phm du tin cua Microchip duoc bit toi va ban ra voi s luong lon
la cac vi diu khin PIC thuc ho PIC16C5x. Ho nay co hai bin th voi b nho
chuong trinh la OTP va UV EPROM. Loai OTP co th nap trinh mt ln dung cho san
xut loai lon. Loai UV EPROM co th xoa duoc bng tia cuc tim (tia UV) dung khi
phat trin, thu nghim phn mm.
Nm 1983 Microchip la hng du tin d tich hop duoc b nho chuong trinh
Ilash EEPROM vao nhng vi diu khin moi, trong do duoc bit dn nhiu nht la PIC

10

16C84 va PIC16F84. B nho chuong trinh Ilash d loai bo vai tro cua vi diu khin co
b nho xoa bng tia cuc tim, co vo bng gm dt tin va cac den chiu tia cuc tim.
2.2 Phn Loi
Tiu chun d phn nhom dua trn su khac nhau v kin truc b xu l bn trong vi
diu khin.
S cac thanh ghi co th truy cp duoc
Co hay khng co ngt , s luong ngt
S luong cac phn cung co chuc nng dc bit
D dai tu lnh
Dua vao nhng dc dim do vi diu khin PIC duoc chia lam 4 ho:
2.2.1 H cp thp (low-end)
Gm cac loai duoc k hiu 12C5xx, 16C5x, 16C505, 16HV540
D dai tu lnh 12 bit
B chi cac thanh ghi: co 32 thanh ghi trn mt bank, ti da co 4 bank
Dc dim chung
Rt thich hop trong cac ung dung giao din don gian voi ngoai vi.
B nho chuong trinh kiu OTP hoc EPROM xoa duoc bng tia cuc tim.
Tc d cao, thuc hin duoc 5 triu chi thi/s voi tn s xung nhip 20MHz.
Chi co mt b dm timer.
Khng co cac ngt cung.
Khng co cac li ra tng cuong.
Nap trinh song song, tru PIC12C5xx va PIC16C505 duoc nap trinh ni
tip theo giao thuc ICSP.
2.2.2 H cp chung (Mid-range)
Bao gm 12C6xx, 14C000, 16C55x, 16C6x, 16C62x, 16F62x, 16C67x, 16C8x,
16F87x va 16C9xx
D dai tu lnh 14 bit

11

La ho vi diu khin PIC thng dung nht hin nay.
B chi cac thanh ghi: 128 byte trn mt bank, ti da 4 bank.
La vi diu khin van nng tinh nng manh.
Co rt nhiu bin th khc nhau, voi cac kiu dong vo da dang: DIP, PLCC,
SSOP.
Dc dim:
Tc d cao, thuc hin duoc 5 triu chi thi /s o xung nhip 20MHz.
Co cac ngt phn cung.
Co tu 1 dn 3 b dm timer
Co rt nhiu kiu khac nhau v chn vao/ra tng cuong bao gm cac vao/ra tuong tu,
giao din truyn thng ni tip: dng b, khng dng b, 12C, SPI, CAN, USB., b
diu khin LCD.
B nho chuong trinh Ilash o hu ht cac vi mach.
Kha nng nap trinh ni tip ICSP.
Co kha nng tu ghi vao b nho chuong trinh (selI-programming).
Co phn cung g ri chuong trinh ICD o mt s loai.
2.2.3 H cp cao (High-end) 17Cxxx
Gm cac loai 17Cxxx
D dai tu lnh 16 bit
B tri cac thanh ghi: 224 byte trn mt bank, ti da 8 bank, 48 thanh ghi chuc
nng dc bit (SFR).
Dc dim chung.
Kin truc khac so voi ho PIC cp chung, cp thp.
Co ac lnh tng cuong va nhiu kha nng dinh dia chi.
Vi diu khin giao tip bus, truy nhp cac thit bi song song truc tip.
Co mt s li vao/ra tng cuong.
B nho chuong trinh OTP.

12

Nap trinh kiu song song.
2.2.4 H cp cao (High- performance)
Gm nhng loai co k hiu 18Cxxx va 18Fxx2
D dai tu lnh 16 bit.
B tri cac thanh ghi 256 byte trn mt bank, ti da co 16 bank.
Dc dim chung:
Kin truc nng cao, dua trn nn tang cua ho cp trung, theo xu huong thua k
nhng tinh nng cua cac loai cp trung dng thoi b xung cac tinh nng moi.
Do do dn dn co kha nng thay th toan b PIC cp trung.
Co cac lnh tng cuong va nhiu kha nng dinh dia chi.
Co kha nng truy nhp toi 2Mbyte b nho chuong trinh, 4Kbyte b nho RAM.
Vcto ngt don, co th lp trinh duoc muc d uu tin cac ngun ngt.
Kha nng vao/ra tuong tu ho cp trung.
Tn s hoat dng ti da 40MHz, co b nhn tn s PLL.
Co b nho chuong trinh Ilash.
Nap trinh ni tip, co kha nng tu ghi vao b nho chuong trinh.
Hin nay moi nht la DSPIC voi nhiu tinh nng vuot tri:
Kin truc Harvard sua di, 83 lnh don, voi ch d dia chi mm deo..
2.3 Mt S Uu Dim Microchip PIC
B nap trinh cho PIC co th tu lp rap mt cac d dang voi chi phi thp do PIC
chu yu nap trinh theo chun ICSP (In-Circuit Siral Programming) la phuong thuc nap
trinh ni tip: cac d liu duoc nap vao b nho chuong trinh thng qua 2 chn vao/ra
duoc gan la cng truy nhp dn b nho chuong trinh trong qua trinh nap trinh. Do do
nho co b nho Ilash va nap trinh theo chun ICSP ma nhng nguoi nghin cuu va su
dung PICd tit kim duoc dang k chi phi mua cac cng cu nap. Voi b nho Ilash thi
thoi gian nap trinh cung duoc cai thin dang k ( chi khoang vai chuc giy) so voi UV
EPROM (c hon chuc phut).

13

Microchip cung cp rt dy du va chi tit cac tai liu k thut v tt ca cac loai vi
diu khin PIC. Ngoai ra con cung cp phn mm cng cu min phi MPLAB-IDE
duoc danh gia la tt nht so voi cac cng cu phat trin tuong tu cua cac hng san xut
vi diu khin khac (cac tai liu cng cu nay duoc cung cp min phi trn
www.microchip.com). Ngoai ra con co rt nhiu sach vit v PIC va cac trang web noi
v vi diu khin nay. Tai liu h tro cho vi diu khin PIC chi dung sau may tinh ca
nhn PC va v doanh s ban ra thi truong hin nay. Microchip d dung du v doanh
s ban PIC 8 bit, vuot ln trn ca cac vi diu khin cua motorola.


14

CHUONG III

VI DIEU KHIEN PIC 18F4550
PIC18F4550 la mt vi xu l co ban da chuc nng va re. No la san phm cua ho vi
xu l PIC thng dung cua cng ty Microchip cua M co tru so dt tai Chandler,
Arizona (M).

Hinh 1: PIC18F4550

Dim ring bit cua vi xu l PIC18F4550 la no la mt trong nhng PIC h tro
toan th cho USB, nghia la co USB gn trong co sn cac chn du ra d ni truc tip
voi may tinh ma khng cn mach ko hay bt cu mach gn ngoai nao khac.


15

Hinh 2: Giao Tip USB
H tro tinh th va dao dng k nhiu tn s nhu du vao va b cn bng nn b
xu l co th hoat dng voi tn s 48 MHz cua dao dng k dc lp khi kt ni. Khi kt
thuc hoat dng thi chinh dao dng k duoc kt ni (thng qua cac bit cu hinh). Lam
vic voi tc d 48 MHz la diu kin tin quyt d chuyn sang ch d toan tc nho
cng USB. Vi vy, driver USB chuyn sang ch d toan tc (1.5 Mbyte/giy) qua USB
va tuong thich voi chun USB 2.0. No cung co 35 chn vao/ra s chung (xem so d
chn o phn duoi) va co sn vo boc gm DIP-40 nn rt thun tin cho nha phat trin
va nhng nguoi nghip du quan tm.
Voi b nho, co 32kb Flash luu tr chuong trinh, 2kb b nho SRAM bay hoi va
256 byte EEPROM (b nho khng bay hoi) d luu tr dai han d liu nhu cu hinh .
Cac chi thi dai 1 byte voi mt s ngoai l dai 2 byte (CALL, MOVFF, GOTO
LSFR). Su dung co ch duong ng d thuc thi m bng vic khin cac chi thi lin tip
hoat dng trong 4 xung (d dai xung) va co 4 ln nhay xung duoc thm vao.
Cac dc tinh dang chu khac la co dng h, ngt (dng h gn trong va gn
ngoai) voi hai muc uu tin va dung ca hai muc nhu b so sanh tuong tu kem theo voi
b phat din th chun co 16 muc (hu ich khi dung trigger o muc phn cung).
Cui cung, CIP cung co mt b chuyn di tuong tu 10 bit nhung dao dng k

16

khng du yu cu v tc d cao cn thit. Vi vy, may phat dao dng co tc d 48
MHz gia thoi gian tr do truyn tai va cac ngt khac (vong lp .). Khng th dat
duoc tc d lon hon 200 kHz.
3.1 So d chn
Sau dy la so d chn cua PIC18F4550 trong hp DIP-40.
Dc bit, co th nhn ra chn D- va D tu kt ni USB (chn 23 va 24).

Hinh 3:So d chn cua PIC18F4550 trong hp DIP-40

17

Hinh 4: TQFP

Hinh 5: QFN

18

Bang 1: Bang m ta cac chuc nng tung chn cua PIC18F4550
Chn Huong M ta chuc nng va cac dc tinh
AN0-
AN12
I 13 knh Input, Analog, AN6 va AN7 con dung cho lp
trinh d liu va xung clock vao.
Avdd Ngun duong cho mdun tuong tu.
Avss Ngun Ground cho modul tuong tu.
CLKI I Li vao cua xung Clock ngoai, lun kt hop voi chn
OSC1.
CLKO O Li ra cua b dao dng tinh th, ni voi tinh th hoc
b cng huong trong ch d dao dng thach anh.
Ging nhu CKLO trong ch d RC hoc EC. Lun kt
hop voi chn chuc nng OSC2
CN0-CN7,
CN17-CN18
I Khai bao thay di o li vao.

COFS
CSCK
CSDI
CSDO
I/O
I/O
I
O
Cng giao tip chuyn di d liu dng b khung.
Cng giao tip chuyn di d liu Clock vao ra ni tip.
Li vao d liu ni tip.
Li ra d liu ni tip.
C1RX
C1TX
I
O
Cng nhn bus CAN1
Cng phat bus CAN1
EMUD
EMUC
EMUD1
EMUC1
EMUD2
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
Cng vao ra d liu knh truyn thng so cp cua ICD.
Vao ra xung nhip knh so cp.
Vao ra d liu knh thu cp.
.


19

EMUC2
EMUD3
EMUC3
IC1,
IC2,IC 7,
IC8
I Cac cng vao cua mdun Capture.
INT0,
INT1,
INT2
I Cac ngt ngoai.
LVDIN I Cng vao phat hin sut th.
/MCLR I Power, chn Reset, muc tich cuc thp.
OSC1

OSC2
I

O
Li vao b giao dng tinh th. B dm Trigger
Schmitt duoc su dung khi cu hinh trong ch d RC.
Li ra b dao dng tinh th.
PGD
PGC
I/O
I
Vao ra d liu cua ICSP.
Li vao Clock cua ICSP.
RA11 I/O Port A.
RB0-RB12 I/O PortB.
RC13-
RC15
I/O PortC.
RD0-RD3,
RD8, RD9
I/O PortD.
RF0-RF5 I/O PortF.
SCK1 I/O Vao ra Clock dng b cua khi SPI1.

20

SDI1
SDO1
SS1
I
O
I
Li vao d liu cua khi SPI1.
Li ra d liu cua SPI1.
Slaver dng b.
SCL
SDA
I/O
I/O
Vao ra Clock ni tip cua I2C.
Vao ra Data ni tip dng b cua I2C.
SOSCO
SOSCI
O
I
Li ra b dao dng tinh th cng sut thp 32Khz.
Li vao b dao dng 32Khz.
T1CK
T2CK
I
I
Li vao xung Clock ngoai cua Timer1.
..............Timer2.
U1RX
U1TX
U1ARX
U1ATX
I
O
I
O
Cng nhn khi UART1.
Cng phat khi UART1.
Cng nhn mo rng khi UART1.
Cng phat mo rng khi UART1.
VDD Chn ngun Vdd.
VSS Chn ngun Vss.
VreI
VreI-
I
I
Li vao VreI (cao) th analog chun.
Li vao VreI- (thp) th chun.

3.2 Cc Cng C Lp Trnh
Khi lua chon kin truc, phai noi dn cach lp trinh. Voi CIP thi thuong dung
PICSTART Plus cua Microchip. Tuy nhin, m hinh ta d chon la m hinh duy nht
khng tuong thich voi nha san xut nay. Mt khac, ta co thun loi nu theo nha phat
trin nay, ta se co sn mt chic ma khng cn phai mua. Danh gia khi hoan thanh
project thi trong tuong lai ban cp nht se duoc php dung.

21

CIP phat biu du chua thuc hin nhung se theo kip voi nhu cu bao mt hay xy
dung chuong trinh ring cua minh.
Giai phap ta tim ra la chuong trinh va b debug ICD2. Giai phap ta tim ra la
chuong trinh va b debug ICD2. Ta d quan l nhom cua nha phat trin th hin cac
dc tinh:
Thit bi su dung duoc chia thanh nhu sau
Mt b debug/chuong trinh thit bi tng hop MPLAB ICD2 la b D/P thoi gian
thuc, gia re co cac dc tinh sau:
Giao din USB (Toan tc 2Mbit/giy) va RS-232 ni toi may host
Debug nn thoi gian thuc
Giao din nguoi dung d hoa MPLAB IDE (co ban copy min phi)
Mach giam sat doan mach/qua tai din th tich hop
Firmware cp nht tu may tinh
Hoan toan gn kem
H tro din th thp dn 2.0 Volt (dai tu 2.0 dn 6.0)
LED chn doan (Ngun, Bn, Li)
Khng gian doc/vit va min EEDATA cua vi diu khin chinh
Cac bit cu hinh chuong trinh
Xoa khng gian b nho chuong trinh sau khi kim dinh
Cac dng h ngung ngoai vi dung lai tai cac dim ngung
Biu d chinh cua kt ni voi ICD2

Hinh 6: Kt Ni Vi ICD2

22

Th hin phn mm bng ICD

Hinh 7 : Phn mm bang ICD
Quan l cac du vao va du ra s cung nhu du vao tuong tu (b chuyn di
tuong tu - s)
Giai doan hai cua vic thuc hin USB, rt don gian, chi la tich lu kinh nghim
phat trin cua nm truoc tai dy dang d cp dn dc tinh cua CIP
Voi ung dung nay se su dung cng cu lp trinh sau
CCS ICD la giai phap loai bo li va lp trinh cho microchip PIC16Fxx va
PIC18Fxx MCU hoan chinh in-circuit. ICD co th loai bo li qua PIC16 va h tro
PIC18 trng loai bo li theo cach loai tru sai pham. No cung cung cp lp trinh ni tip
in-circuit (ICSP) cho tt ca cac chip Flash. Mt danh sach cac phn duoc DCI h tro
duoc ghi chi tit o dy.
Cac don vi CCS ICD lam vic tt voi phn mm diu khin PCW hay CCS dc
lp voi ICD CCS. Debug PCW la quan trong va tich hop voi b bin dich va PCW
PCWH va cung cp thng tin phat sinh li duoc vit chi tit bng C. Phn mm cho
php cac chuong trinh diu khin dc lp nhanh chong tac dng vao ICSP chinh nho
ICD. Phn mm diu khin cung cho php ban cp nht cac h tro ma khng thay di
v mt logic di tuong ICD, khng phai bo di chip cua don vi ICD. (Dung cac cng cu
phn mm nay doi hoi phai nap cho don vi CCS ICD khng thay di logic phuong tin
trn ICD, duoc tai theo mc dinh) Phn mm diu khin tu don vi ICD va cho php
thit lp cac phn Flash duoc h tro. D giup loai bo li, chuc nng cua PCW hay
PCWH la debug va tich hop IDE voi IDE.

23

ICD-S40 d thay th ICD-S20 va DCI 4 MHz. Hy chu , ICD-S40 va ICD-U40
chi lam vic voi phn mm va khng dung MPLAB IDE CCS. ICD nguyn ban CCS 4
MHz lam vic voi MPLAB IDE 5.xx.
Cn phai cp ngun 3V cho ICD-U40. ICD-S40 khng h tro 3V. CCS cung
cp hai giai phap cho ICD:
3.3 Don v| ICD-U40
Don vi ICD ni voi may tinh va phn mm Debug trn USB. No hoat dng voi
tn s xung 40 MHz nn thoi gian debug nhanh hon (co ca cap USB). Don vi duoc cp
ngun ICD-U40 USB. B ngun cung cp ngun 5V d ni 'cu gn ICD trong don
vi (don vi phai duoc bt)

Hinh 8. Don V| ICD-U40
So d hai ung dung duoc trinh bay duoi dy:
Thng tin relay:

Hinh 9 : Thng Tin relay

24

Phn nay dung d kt ni voi ICD cua MPLAB d connector J2 co th lp trinh
lai cung nhu chiu sang va g bo thit bi, voi loai kt ni nay thi khng cn card CIP
DEMO USB FS cua Microchip va co gia thanh cao.
Dy la cach su dung ung dung thu hai.

Hinh 10: Thng Tin relay
Cn phai noi rng connector DCI d thay di, khng con la cap 5 connector na
ma d chuyn thanh cap 6 connector, do la do vic phat trin project gp kho khn khi
dung ICD, no hu nhu khng th bi anh huong hay debug nhiu ln, dy la l do chinh
ma thay di la ICD co cu hinh nhu trn, tuy chon thay di du vao tuong tu va may
chi thi th hin co truyn thng gia thit bi va host.
3.4 Tiu Th Nang Lung
D quyt dinh xem co cn cp ngun ngoai (hay don gian la cp ngun qua cng
USB), xem danh sach sau cac thanh phn va tiu thu nng luong cua chung.

Do cng USB co th cp dong 500 mA nn phai dung ngun tu ngoai d cp
ngun. Ta dung b diu chinh 7805 va chon ngun 9VDC vi do la din th ti thiu
cn d 7805 hoat dng duoc (va d tan nhit) va co th thay bng pin 9V nu cn.

25

3.5 FIRMWARE
Thuc hin truyn thng USB
2 vi du duoc phat trin d thuc hin truyn thng qua USB:
Cung cp host thng tin (may tinh) cho thit bi (vi diu khin) va thng tin relay tu
thit bi (vi diu khin) cho host (may tinh).
Quan l cac du vao va du ra s cung nhu cac du vao tuong tu (b chuyn di
tuong tu - s)
Thng tin truyn thng va quang ba Web:
3.6 Cc cng c lm vic
Firmware la chuong trinh chay trong CIP va diu khin truyn thng. No duoc
vit hoan toan bng C dung MPLAB C18 cua Microchip, mt b bin dich C cua cung
nha san xut h tro chun PKI ANSI C`89 va duoc thit k cung MPLAB IDE (la
cng cu d lp trinh va debug CIP). Mt dc tinh khac cua MPLAB C18 la kha nng
sinh ra gia tri nhi phn do vi diu khin quan l.
Ho PIC18F (vi du, PIC18F4550) dung chi thi mo rng nhu mt kin truc.
Chu MPLAB C18 co th download min phi trn trang cua Microchip (xem
lin kt tham khao). Tuy nhin, phin ban min phi (goi la phin ban dung cho sinh
vin) co thoi han su dung la 60 ngay. Trong 60 ngay do, chuong trinh se tip tuc hoat
dng nhung khng quan l, vi vy b bin dich se sinh ra cac gia tri nhi phn d tip
tuc hoat dng nhung se tn khng gian hon (do khng duoc quan l) va khng dung
cac chi thi cua PIC18F4550 ph dung nn cn nhiu tinh nng phn mm hon va vi
vy km hiu qua.
3.7 Thit b| lp
Theo chun thi co nhiu loai thit bi USB voi cac dc tinh khac nhau thuong thy
trong thit bi. Vi du, co lop cho camera s, mt lop cho may scan, mt cho may in .
Cac lop thit bi duoc xy dung d nng cao tinh tuong thich cua cac thit bi. Vi vy,
bt cu h diu hanh nao co driver lam vic voi camera s du co th doc duoc anh tu
camera s duoc thit k phu hop voi cac thng s k thut cua loai thit bi do.
Dc bit voi ung dung cua chung ta, ta chon su dung loai thit bi HID (Thit bi
giao din nguoi dung), v co ban la mt kt ni tuong tu voi chut hay ban phim. L

26

do ta chon lop nay la do luong lon thng tin tai Microchip va kinh nghim co duoc tu
cac di tuong khac su dung loai driver nay, ngoai ra nu ta cn tao mt driver thi ta se
dn dn trang nay tu Microchip.
3.8 Firmware HID
Truyn thng duoc thuc hin qua su h tro cua Iirware USB HID, mt nn cung
cp yu cu cua Microchip d thit lp truyn thng (qua cng USB) mt cach don
gian.
3.9 Mt s dc tnh:
Chuyn nghip: min phi, d su dung
Nhuoc dim: tc d truyn d liu nho (gioi han toi 64 kbyte/giy)
B nho: xp xi 3Kbyte
Driver cua Windows: khng yu cu
3.10 Nguyn tc hot dng:
Ung dung nay la mt HID co ban (khng phai la ban phim hay chut va nguyn
tc cua no nhu sau):
Nhn du ra thng bao bng cach truyn ngt OUT va gui d liu thng bao lai
dn li vao host trong thng bao bng cach truyn ngt IN.
Nhn du ra thng bao nho truyn diu khin (SetReportRequest) va thng bao
lai du vao host trong bao cao nho truyn diu khin (GetReportRequest).
Ung dung diu khin b dm d phn bit cac bao cao nhn qua vic ngt truyn
thng va bao cao ngt nhn qua diu khin truyn thng.
Ung dung cung diu khin b dm d phn bit cac thng bao nhn du vao qua
vic truyn du vao ngt va cac bao cao nhn qua vic truyn diu khin.
Nhn cac bao cao dua dn bng cach diu khin truyn thng
(SetReportRequest) va gui lai mt bao cao dn host trong mt thng bao dua dn nho
diu khin truyn thng.
Mt b dm don gi cac ban bao cao duoc luu tr va bao cao nhn duoc d gui.
Vic thuc hin la su dung chut thu nghim tu Microchip.
Project duoc kim tra trong bang th hin PICDEM FS USB.

27

3.11 Driver
Chun yu cu tt ca cac thit bi USB trong giai doan thuong luong phai duoc
xac dinh voi ID nha san xut va ID san phm (sau dy goi la VID va PID). Cp gia tri
nay giup nhn bit nha san xut thit bi (PRI) va mu ring cua mt san phm duoc kt
ni. Vi vy, cac mu khac cua cung san phm noi chung khac PID.
Muc dich chinh cua cac gia tri nay khng chi la xac dinh thit bi ma con la tim va
tai dung driver cho no. Vi vy, tt ca cac driver cua Windows (hay cac san phm tuong
tu) duoc sp xp nhu thit bi voi mt hay nhiu PID va PRI su dung cho driver d noi.
Dy la cach su dung Windows (hay h diu hanh khac dang d cp) du driver duoc
chon co dung hay khng.
Trong truong hop driver dung cho h diu hanh khac, cp VID/PID du d xac
dinh driver nu cn tai va vi vy khi mt thit bi gn voi VID/PID thi nhn bit duoc
h thng tu dng tim ra va cho php su dung ngay. Tuy nhin, nu khng nhn ra
VID/PID thi h diu hanh se hoi nguoi dung cp driver. Mt vi du la man hinh.
Cua s phat hin phn cung moi
Dy la phn giai thich PRI va b diu khin PID v ung dung cua chung ta voi
loai HID khng cn cai dt bt cu driver nao (Windows tu dng cp nht).
Cac cng cu dung trong ung dung nay duoc th hin nhu sau:
C18 2.30.01
Phin ban yu cu ti thiu: 2.30.01
Khuyn nghi: 2.40
Phin ban nay co tai http://www.microchip.com
MPLAB IDE 6.62
Phin ban yu cu ti thiu: 6.62
Khuyn nghi: 7.00
MPLAB (R) IDE co tai http://www.microchip.com
Bit cu hinh:

28

Cac bit cu hinh duoc dung d thit lp ch d hoat dng cua CIP (vi du, tn s
cua b tao dao dng) va duoc thit k d lp trinh. Cac bit cu hinh do MPLAB quan
l khi lp trinh va co th cp cho 2 dang:
1. Qua danh sach cac bit cu hinh cua MPLAB (Dt bit cu hinh).
2. Qua cac macro cung m dung khai bao cu hinh thuc #.
Duoi dy la hinh anh lua chon cac bit cu hinh cua MPLAB (tuy chon 1).

1. tham chiu dn project dung mt 'b tai khoi dng.
Khi ban mo ung dung thi lun mo Iile 'workspace (*.mcw).
Tt ca cac vi du trong thu muc duoc tai qua b tai khoi dng.
Thanh phn co ban:
Vector reset va ngt cua b tai khoi dng duoc chinh theo cac dia chi 0x0800,
0x0808, 0x081.
Phn diu chinh lin kt voi phn khoi dng duoc su dung, Iile nay la
rm18I4550.lkr va duoc dt tai mi ung dung.

29

Nu ban dang dung ICD2 va khng phu hop voi b tai khoi dng thi ban phai
diu chinh lai nhu sau:
MPLAB d hoa thay di lin kt rm18I4550.lkr bng mt linker chun
18I4550.lkr, diu nay co th thy duoc theo mc dinh trong thu vin C18.
Thay di duong dn cua lin kt dn dung vi tri d khng phat sinh li.
Ban phai xoa di cac m theo sau:
Extern void startup (void); / / xem c018i.c trong thu muc bin dich C18
# Pragma RESETINTERRUPTVECTOR code 0x000800
Void reset (void)
(
asm Goto startup endasm
)
# Pragma Code
Dy la m trong Iile main.c.
Cui cung (tuy chon) khi dinh huong bit, dt 0x30000B tt phn ngn vit
BOOT.
3.12 M Ta Thc Hin Firmware Th Hai
Ung dung thu hai la su tro giup lon va kinh nghim lon d hiu USB, theo su
phat trin cua ung dung truoc dy ap dung vao cac dim khac d phat trin va thuc
hin cho thuc thi nay va Iirmware duoc dung cho cac cng cu lam vic khac nay, duoc
m ta o chuong truoc, tip cn dang su dung la m hoat dng:
# Include 18F4455.h~
# Fuses HSPLL, NOWDT, NOPROTECT, NOLVP, NODEBUG, USBDIV, PLL5,
CPUDIV1, VREGEN
# Use delay (clock 48000000)
# DeIine USBEP1TXENABLE USBENABLEINTERRUPT
# DeIine USBEP1TXSIZE 8
# DeIine USBEP1RXENABLE USBENABLEINTERRUPT

30

# DeIine USBEP1RXSIZE 8
# Include pic18usb.h~
# Include usbdeschid.h~
# Include usb.c~
Dy la phn header cn thit d thit lp truyn thng voi DCI va co th tao HID
lop ung dung, phn du usbdeschid.h thuc hin vic nay.
Ung dung dung 5 du vao tuong tu sau dy cn cu hinh CIP d lam vic voi thuy tinh
co tc d 20 MHz cho tc d 48 MHZ:
Setupadc (ADCCLOCKINTERNAL);
Setupadcports (AN0);
Setadcchannel (0);
Phn con lai la logic cn thit d co th thit lp quan h gia chung, nhn nut
hay nhn nut trn may host chi cn d bit tn ban ghi CIP va gui cuc goi mt cach
thich hop.
Dc tinh khac duoc th hin trong m thng bao.
Phn Mm
Phat trin lp trinh tai host duoc thuc hin bng MicrosoIt Visual , logic cua
chuong trinh, tuong tu nhu ung dung truoc
Sau dy la cu truc chuong trinh trong ung dung nay:
UsbEj1.dsp
File (Iile project) nay chu thng tin v cp project va duoc dung d xy dung
project don hay project con. Nguoi dung ngoai co th chia se Iile project (.dsp) nhung
khng duoc xut Iile khoi tao ni b.
UsbEj1.h
Dy la phn header cua Iile chinh cho ung dung. Project khac gm co header dc
bit (gm resource.h) va khai bao lop ung dung CusbEj1App.
UsbEj1.cpp
Dy la phn chinh cua m ngun ung dung gm lop ung dung CusbEj1App.

31

UsbEj1.rc
Dy la danh sach tt ca cac tai nguyn cua MicrosoIt Windows ma chuong trinh
su dung gm co cac icon, dim anh, con tro duoc luu trong thu muc con cua RES. File
nay co th vit truc tip vao MicrosoIt Visual C.
UsbEj1.clw
File nay chua thng tin d ClassWizard su dung khi phac thao cac lop hay thm
lop moi. ClassWizard cung dung Iile nay d chua thng tin cn thit d tao, soan danh
sach cac thng dip, trinh bay d liu cho hi thoai va tao tac vu nhu thanh phn
nguyn ban.
Res \ UsbEj1.ico
Dy la icon cua Iile dung cho icon ung dung. Icon nay co trong Iile tai nguyn
chinh UsbEj1.rc.
Res \ UsbEj1.rc2
File nay chua tai nguyn khng duoc vit bng MicrosoIt Visual C. Ban nn
dt tt ca cac tai nguyn khng duoc chinh sua boi bang phac thao tai nguyn vao Iile
nay.
UsbHidApi.lib
File nay cung cp thng bao v chuong trinh voi DLL cung tn.
Kt qua
Giao din duoc phat trin h tro truyn thng USB diu khin ba kiu truyn d
liu la: du ra s, du vao s va du vao tuong tu - s.


32

Hinh 11: Giao din duc pht trin h tr truyn thng USB
3.13 Kt lun
Project duoc thuc hin qua bt ngot lon khi chung ta kim soat do diu nay chua
duoc bit dn.
Khi phat trin project co th thy rng co nhiu cach truyn thng bng bus hoi
phuc tap do no gm nhiu giao thuc. Vic truyn thng nay khng duoc thuc hin theo
huong nhu truong hop cng song song hay cng ni tip ma dung driver d truy nhp
vao.
Co th co v han driver nay do co th tao ra cac driver ring ging nhau, vn d
la d phuc tap cua thut toan duoc phat trin. Trong truong hop project cua ta, ta chon
su dung DLL 'UsbHidApi la phn mm thuong mai, Iile nay khin mach may tinh
phat hin ra dang cua HID (Thit bi giao din nguoi dung), tuong tu voi chut,
joystick, ban phim .

33

Nhng phat trin cua project nay d mo ra canh cua d su dung tt loai bus nay,
duoc coi la bang bus. Dua trn ung dung nay qua PIC, co th thuc hin duoc rt nhiu
ung dung hay trong cng vic khi bt cu thit bi duoc phat trin nao co th duoc giam
sat va diu khin qua bus nay.
Chu trong dn vi diu khin PIC la vi diu khin ph bin nht hin nay cho cac
ung dung do, cac chuc nng lung cn cho truyn thng voi bus USB va chuyn di
ni dung tuong tu - s cho thit bi.
Ngun thng tin.
Internet
Din dan thao lun.
Huong dn lp trinh ngn ng Visual C.
Trang web (www.microchip.com).
Khuyn nghi.
Buoc thuc hin d nghin cuu va hiu duoc bus nay la quan trong va giai dap
nhng cu hoi co ban khin cho cng vic nghin cuu r rang hon.
Nn mua thit bi ghi PIC nhu yu cu d phat trin thm ung dung va hiu bus
USB.


34

CHUONG IV

CNG NGHJ USB QUA MICROCHIP 18F4550
4.1 Gii thiu
Tai liu nay gioi thiu nn tang co ban d kham pha cng ngh lin kt voi cac
thit bi USB. No cung cp chi tit cn thit d gia lp mt bang phat trin, chuong
trinh va thi nghim voi vi xu l Microchip 18F4550.
So d thuc hin dung o dy su dung vic kt hop cach tip cn dung trong giao
din CREATE USB (CUI, phu luc 3) va pic18Iusb.online.Ir Wiki (Phu luc 1). Ca hai
du su dung k thut tai khoi dng va phn mm lin kt voi bang th hin USB toan
tc Microchip PICDEM.
Tt ca cac phn mm dung trong bang phat trin co th download min phi gm
co b bin dich MPLAB C18 C phin ban dung cho sinh vin.
4.2 Vi xu l 18f4550
Vi diu khin Microchip PIC 18F4550 la mt thit bi ph bin d kt ni voi
USB. No co giao din USB 2.0 toan tc tich hop sn. Thit bi co sn nhiu vi du nn
d dang bt du thi nghim cng ngh. PIC 18F4550 gm 13 li vao tuong tu/s, 18
cng vao/ra chung va mt b chi thi kiu RISC manh. Thit bi co b nho 16K d luu
chuong trinh. Do cho php su dung USB, ban co th co sn 1024 byte RAM d luu d
liu (co th 2048 byte).
4.3 Lp rp bang pht trin
Phu luc A cung cp danh sach cac thanh phn, so d va anh cac don vi hoan thin.
Qu trnh pht trin
Qua trinh phat trin duoc minh hoa duoi dy:


35

Hinh 12 : Qu Trnh Pht Trin
Truoc khi lp trinh ln du cho bang phat trin, ban phai download m tai khoi
dng vao 18I4550. Doc phn co tiu d 'Truyn tai khoi dng vao 18F4550 d xem
chi tit v qua trinh nay.
Cac chuong trinh duoc vit va phat trin trong Microchip MPLAB. Cac chuong
trinh co th phat trin bng ngn ng hop ng hay C.
Su dung mi truong MPLAB d goi b bin dich C18 C hay b hop ng. C18
hay b hop ng se bin dich Iile .asm cua ban hay m C thanh Iile .hex.
Lp trinh cho PIC 18F4550 bng cach download Iile .hex qua tai khoi dng dung
chuong trinh PDFSUSB.EXE (luu tru tai C:\MCHPFSUSB\Pc\PdIsusb\PDFSUSB.exe
trong MCHPFSUSB USB Framework).
D bang phat trin hin ra thuc don PDFSUSB.EXE, phai reset bang va gi phim
'button.
Trong mi truong PDFSUSB.EXE:
Tai Iile Hex
Lp trinh thit bi
Thuc hin
No se tai Iile hex vao 18F4550 va khoi tao thuc hin trong thit bi.
Phn mm cn thit
Phn mm sau co th download tu Microchip:
MPLAB IDE mi truong phat trin d xy dung ung dung.
B bin dich MPLAB C18 C Phin ban cho sinh vin co th su dung voi
MPLAB IDE d phat trin ung dung bng C.
MCHPFSUSB USB Framework - gm tai khoi dng va cac vi du d su dung voi
bang phat trin.
1i liu
Tai liu duoc lit k duoi dy se co ich trong vic vn hanh mi truong phat trin.
No co th download tu Microchip (www.microchip.com)

36

MPLAB IDE User`s Guide Microchip document DS51519B
Release Notes Ior MPLAB C18 C Compiler, Student Edition
MPLAB C18 COMPILER USER`S GUIDE Microchip document DS51288J
MPLAB C18 C Compiler Getting Started Microchip document DS51295F
MPLAB C18 Libaries Documentation Microchip document DS51297F
Release Notes Ior MCHPFSUSB Microchip Full-Speed USB Solutions
PICDEM FS USB Demonstration Board User`s Guide DS51526A
4.3 Truyn tai khoi dng vo 18F4550
Xem Phu luc B 'Phn cung d tai m vao 18I4550 noi v cac thit bi d
truyn tai khoi dng vao chip 18I4550.
Ln du tin lp trinh cho bang phat trin, phai dung chuong trinh ICD2 thay cho
PDFSUSB.EXE. Nguyn nhn la do PIC hoan toan trng khi dem tu nha may v va
ban phai tai Iile hex cho tai khoi dng vao PIC d kich hoat cac phin lp trinh trong
tuong lai qua PDFSUSB.EXE.
File hex tai khoi dng duoc luu trong m MCHPFSUSB USB Framework. Trong
MPLAB, mo Iile hex 'C:\MCHPFSUSB\Iw\Boot\output\MCHPUSB.hex, chon
chuong trinh ICD2 va click vao thit bi lp trinh. No se truyn m tai khoi dng vao
18I4550.
Jo ch d tai khoi dng
M bin dich dang Iile .hex co th download bng chuong trinh PDFSUSB.EXE.
D download m vao 18I4550 qua PDFSUSB.EXE, lam nhu sau:
Mo ung dung PDFSUSB.EXE.
Kim tra cua s tha 'Select PICDEM FS USB Board d xem bang diu khin co
hin ra khng. Nu co thi ban se thy phn 'PICDEM FS USB (0) Boot. Chon phn
nay. Dn buoc 4.
Nu 'PICDEM FS USB (0) Boot khng hin ra, lam nhu sau d vao ch d tai
khoi dng 18I4550:
Nhn va gi khoa S2.
Trong khi gi S2, nhn va tha S1.

37

PC se ku 'beep chi thi rng 18I4550 by gio d co trong ung dung
PDFSUSB.EXE. Trong Device Manager, thit bi se xut hin duoi Other Devices
PIC 18F4550 Family Device.
Tro lai buoc 2.
M bin dich by gio co th downloa vao 18I4550 nho cac thao tac trong ung
dung PDFSUSB.EXE sau:
Tai Iile Hex.
Lp trinh thit bi.
Thuc hin.
PC se ku 'beep chi thi 18I4550 by gio dang hoat dng va khng o ch d tai
khoi dng na.
Nhn S1 d no tu khoi dng lai ung dung duoc nap vao 18I4550. Ngay ca khi
ung dung Demo Tool dang chay o ch d tai khoi dng thi mt ln reset bang don gian
(nhn S1) se khng lam bang tu vao ch d tai khoi dng.
Nu dy la ln du tin ban su dung tai khoi dng thi may tinh se khng nhn
Iirmware tai khoi dng, vi vy ban phai cai driver (chi cn mt ln). Khi Windows
thng bao 'Found New Hardware, click 'No, not this time ri chon 'Install Irom
list. Ri click vao 'Browse . va chon thu muc 'C:\MCHPFSUSB\Pc\MCHPUSB
Driver\Release ri 'Next, 'Continue Anyway va 'Finish.
4.4 Pht trin ng dng trong MPLAB IDE
Cac buoc sau d tao ra mt ung dung moi cho 18I4550 dung ch d tai khoi
dng d download cho thit bi.
Mo MPLAB IDE
Tu thuc don MPLAB Project, chon Project Wizard.
Click 'Next.
Chon thit bi (PIC18F4550).
Chinh lai Active Toolsuite la 'Microchip C18 Toolsuite.
Tao mt Iile project moi. Tao mt thu muc moi cho project
(C:\MCHPFSUSB\Iw\MyPro1). Dt tn cho project (vi du MyPro1).

38

Thm Iile vao project nay. Thm Iile 'C:\MCHPFSUSB\Iw\Demo02\rm18I4550.
Tao mt Iile d luu chuong trinh C. File,New. Thm m, Save As (vi du Mypro1.c).
Thm Mypro1.c vao project. File,Add new Iile to project.
Bin dich Project,Build All.
Sau khi bin dich thanh cng, vao ch d tai khoi dng voi 18I4550.
Su dung ung dung PDFSUSB.EXE d tai chuong trinh vao 18I4550.
Chu rng script linker dc bit (rm18I4550.lkr) duoc dung cho ung dung tai
khoi dng. Trong rm18I4550.lkr, reset, vector ngt co uu tin cao va thp duoc xp
ngoai khi khoi dng d ngn ghi de ln no.
Vi du - Tai Iile Hex Demo02 vao 18I4550
Khi ban d truyn duoc tai khoi dng vao 18I4550, ban co th dung chuong trinh
PDFSUSB.EXE d tai Iile chuong trinh vao thit bi.
D vao ch d tai khoi dng, nhn phim chuong trinh trn bang phat trin trong
khi vn cm cap USB hay reset lai bang. Nu dy la ln du tin ban dung tai khoi
dng thi may tinh cua ban se khng nhn Iirmware tai khoi dng, vi vy ban phai cai
driver (chi cn mt ln). Khi Windows thng bao 'Found New Hardware, click 'No,
not this time ri chon 'Install Irom list. Ri click vao 'Browse . va chon thu muc
'C:\MCHPFSUSB\Pc\MCHPUSB Driver\Release ri 'Next, 'Continue Anyway
va 'Finish.
Vi du sau dy trinh bay v thu tuc tai khoi dng cho project Microchip Demo02,
chuong trinh kim thu co th duoc tai khoi dng.
MPLAB: Voi MPLAB, mo, (chinh lai) va xy dung (lai) project
'C:\MCHPFSUSB\Iw\Demo02\Demo02.mcp.
BOARD: Vao ch d khoi dng bng cach nhn |S1 Reset| trong khi vn gi |S2
enter Boot/Program|.
PDFSUSB: Mo cng cu Microchip:
'C:\MCHPFSUSB\Pc,PdIsusb\PDFSUSB.exe ('tin ich Microchip USB Boot
Loader).

39

PDFSUSB: Trong danh sach tha xung, chon PIC, dt tn la 'PICDEM FS
USB 0 (Boot).
PDFSUSB: Click 'Load Hex Iile:
'C:\MCHPFSUSB\Iw\Demo02\Demo02.hex.
PDFSUSB: Click 'Program Device.
PDFSUSB: Click 'Execute d khoi dng PIC trong ch d nguoi dung (bo qua
khuyn cao li, no chi dung d reset thit bi).
Chuong trinh Demo02 khi nhn S2 thi trang thai chn RD1 phai thay di (0V ln 5V
.).
Xem Phu luc C v cac thanh phn phu duoc gn vao chiu sang LED cho bang phat
trin.
Vi du - Chuyn tu giao din RS-232 sang USB
Cac phn mm hu ich khac
Cac phn mm sau dy duoc danh gia la hu ich khi su dung bang phat trin:
Windows Device Manager Vao Windows Device Manager bng cach click
Start, Setting, Control Panel, icon System, tab Hardware va click nut Device Manager.
Device Manager hoat dng d dang hon nhiu nu mo chuong trinh devmgmt.msc tu
cua s dong lnh.
DevCon la mt tin tich dong lnh thay th cho Device Manager. Dung
DevCon, ban co th kich hoat, ngt, khoi dng lai, xoa va truy vn cac thit bi ring
hay mt nhom thit bi. DevCon cung cung cp thng tin tuong ung v nha phat trin
driver va khng co sn trong Device Manager. Download tu
http://support.microsoIt.com/kb/311272. Co cac phin ban 32 va 64 bit.
USB SniIIer/Analyzer cng cu debug USB cho php ban xem cac byte duoc
truyn di gia host va thit bi.
Phu Luc A
Xy dung mi truong phat trin 18I4550
Ban thit k duoc trinh bay o dy la su kt hop cac cach tip cn thit lp 18I4550 co
ban. No nhn manh vao cac cach tip cn CUI va thuc hin pic18Iusb.

40

Cac thanh phn cn thit d tao lp phat trin 18I4550 duoc lit k sau dy:
P/N (source) Description Qty Each Total
Component
Designation
450-1644-ND
(Digi-Key)
SWITCH TACT 6MM BK 160GF
8.51MM
2 0.21 0.42 S1, S2
PIC18F4550-
I/P-ND (Digi-
Key)
IC PIC MCU FLASH 16KX16
40DIP
1 9.73 9.73 P1
X439-ND (Digi-
Key)
CRYSTAL 20.000 MHZ 20PF
49US
1 0.58 0.58 Q1
4.7KQBK-ND
(Digi-Key)
RES 4.7K OHM 1/4W 5
CARBON FILM
2 0.06 0.12 R1, R2
22QBK-ND
(Digi-Key)
RES 22 OHM 1/4W 5
CARBON FILM
2 0.06 0.12 R3, R4
1.0KQBK-ND
(Digi-Key)
RES 1.0K OHM 1/4W 5
CARBON FILM
1 0.06 0.06 R5
1.0MQBK-ND
(Digi-Key)
RES 1.0M OHM 1/4W 5
CARBON FILM
1 0.06 0.06 R6
516-1311-ND
(Digi-Key)
LED 3MM 645NM RED DIFF
LOW CURR
1 0.51 0.51 LED1
478-4278-1-ND
(Digi-Key)
CAP CER .10UF 50V DISC RAD 2 0.20 0.40 C1, C5
478-4178-ND
(Digi-Key)
CAP TANTALUM .47UF 35V
10 RAD
1 0.46 0.46 C2

41

BC1003CT-ND
(Digi-Key)
CAP 15PF 50V CERAMIC C0G
5
2 0.08 0.16 C3, C4
PBCUB1F
(WinIord)
USB B Female Breadboard
Adapter
1 5.60 5.60
438-1045-ND
(Digi-Key)
BREADBOARD 2.13x6.496
SLDLESS*
1 8.73 8.73
Total 26.95

s lung.

Hinh 13: bo mch test

Hinh 14 : mch nguyn l

42

Tao lp
Hai thanh phn trong mach phn cuc.
Mt thanh phn ma cuc la tu din 470 nF (C2). Cuc duoc danh du trn tu duoc
theo di.

Thanh phn nhay phn cuc thu hai la LED. Cuc duoc danh du duoi dy (Phu
luc 4) cua LED duoc theo di.

Sp xp cac thanh phn quanh tinh th hoi kho khn va cn thuc hin cn thn d
tranh doan mach.
Khi thuc hin, WinIord USB B Female Breadbroad Adapter duoc dung nhiu
hon b lp rap USB B Female re hon thuong duoc ni voi PCB (Digi-Key 609-1039-
ND). Adator nay dam bao rng cap USB co kt ni tt voi bang mach.
Hinh co tiu d 'Breadboard Adator Detail th hin cach ni ngm duoi breadboard
adapter.


43

Nu ban dung b lp rap USB B Female thi cac chn phai ni nhu sau:

Chn Tn Mau cap M ta
1 VCC Do 5VDC
2 D- Trng D liu -
3 D Xanh D liu
4 GND Den Dt

Mt s dinh nghia
Vcc 5VDC (supplied by the USB port)
Vdd
Ground, GND,
Capacitor

Resistor

LED

Crystal


44

Su dung ngun USB
Cac chuc nng tn it nng luong, nng luong bus: Draw Max 100mA.
Phu luc B
Phn cung d tai m vao 18I4550
Nhu d d cp dn, ln du tin ban lp trinh cho bang phat trin thi phai dung
chuong trinh ICD2 thay cho PDFSUSB.EXE. Do la do PIC hoan toan trng khi dem
tu nha may v va ban phai lp trinh mt Iile hex cho tai khoi dng vao PIC d kich
hoat cac phin lp trinh trong tuong lai qua PDFSUSB.EXE.
Cach chc chn nht d thuc hin diu nay la dung chuong trinh ICD2 va module
lp trinh toan cuc tu Microchip. Gia cua cac thit bi nay vao mua xun nm 2008 la:
MPLAB CD2 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer (DV164007) 189,99 tru 25
(xem phn duoi).
Module lp trinh toan cuc cho ICD2 (AC162049) 39,95 tru 25 (xem phn
duoi).
Cach khac cung duoc d cp dn cho ICD2 la:
Olimex MPLAB Compatible ICD2 voi USB va RS232 - $106,95
(http://www.sparkIun.com)
Khu tru
Dt mua trn Microchip truc tip qua dia chi email voi '.edu, '.k12, '.ac .
trong tn min se nhn duoc khoan tu khu tru 25 gia ban cac cng cu phat trin
Microchip.
Phu luc C
Phn cung d chiu sang LED voi chuong trin DEMO2
Chuong trinh Demo02 khi nhn S2, trang thai chm RD1 phai thay di (0V ln 5V .).
LED duoc gn vao bang phat trin nhu hinh:


45

Phu luc F
Tng quan v cac cng vao/ra trn PIC18F4550
Port
Other
Functions
Traits
RA0 Analog input 0
RA1 Analog input 1
RA2 Analog input 2
RA3 Analog input 3
RA4 Digital I/O
Schmitt Trigger input, can be programmed to be input to TMR0
clock
RA5 Analog input 4
RB0 Analog input12 can be programmed Ior external interrupt (INT0)
RB1 Analog input10 can be programmed Ior external interrupt (INT1)
RB2 Analog input 8 can be programmed Ior external interrupt (INT2)
RB3 Analog input 9
RB4 Analog input11 can be programmed Ior interrupt on change
RB5 Digital I/O can be programmed Ior interrupt on change

46

RC0 Digital I/O
RC1 Digital I/O can be programmed Ior PWM output
RC2 Digital I/O can be programmed Ior PWM output
RC6 Digital I/O can be programmed Ior UART TX line
RC7 Digital I/O can be programmed Ior UART RX line
RD0 Digital I/O
RD1 Digital I/O
RD2 Digital I/O
RD3 Digital I/O
RD4 Digital I/O
RD5 Digital I/O
RD6 Digital I/O
RD7 Digital I/O
RE0 Analog input5
RE1 Analog input6
RE2 Analog input7

47

CHUONG V

CHUYEN DOI T THIET BJ FLASH PIC18F SANG PIC18FXX1
5.1 Chuyn di thit b|
Tai liu nay co muc dich m ta su khac bit v chuc nng va su khac bit v dc
tinh k thut din hin tai khi chuyn tu thit bi nay sang thit bi th h k tip.
Chu y. Cac thit bi nay duoc thit k d biu thi cac thng s trong ban data
sheet se noi dn. Chung duoc kim thu voi cac dc tinh k thut din duoc thit k d
xac dinh kha nng tuong thich voi cac thng s nay. Do co su khac bit trong qua trinh
san xut thit bi, chung co th nhng dc tinh hoat dng khac voi cac phin ban truoc.
Nhng su khac bit nay khin cho thit bi hoat dng khac voi cac phin ban truoc.
Chu y: Nguoi dung phai dam bao dao dng k do thit bi phai duoc bt va hoat
dng dung minh. Co th phai diu chinh gia tri tro khang tai va/hoc ch d dao
dng k.
5.2 Gii thiu
Ho thit bi Flash moi PIC18FXXJ co nhng khac bit lon so voi ho phin ban
Flash PIC18 truoc. Tai liu chuyn di nay se chi r, kim tra va giai thich nhng khac
bit nay va cach thuc chung gy anh huong dn thit k h thng. Nhng khac bit nay
gm co thay di quy dinh goi tn cac phn, chuc nng tng quat, khac bit theo
module va cach thit lp chinh xac cac cng cu lp trinh.
5.3 Cp ngun cho thit b|
B diu chinh din th gn trong, V
DDCORE
/V
CAP
, thit bi 'LF va 'F, cp V
DD

Khac voi cac thit bi cua dong Flash PIC18 truoc, ho thit bi Flash PIC18FXXJ
co mt b diu chinh din th gn trong. B diu chinh din th nay cp ngun cho
phn chinh cua thit bi thp hon so voi cp cho cac chn vao/ra. Trong thit bi co
nhiu chn hon (tu 60 chn tro ln), b diu chinh din th co th duoc khoi dng hoc
ngt tu bn ngoai qua chn ENVREG. Chn nay co th ni voi V
DD
d khoi dng b
diu chinh din th hoc ni dt d ngt b diu chinh din th. Hinh 16 minh hoa
mach hoat dng cho thit bi co nhiu chn. Chu la chn ENVREG dang hoat dng va
no diu khin vic bt hay tt b diu chinh din th.

48

Hinh 15: Kt ni bn trong cho dac trung m dm thit b|
Trong thit bi co it chn hon, vi du PIC18F45J10 (xem hinh 17), k tu 'F trong
tn thit bi (vi du PIC18F45J10) cho bit b diu chinh din th gn trong lun ni voi
V
DD
va lun bt. K tu 'LF (vi du PIC18LF45J10) cho bit b diu chinh din th
lun ni dt va lun tt.

49

Hinh:16: Kt ni giao din cho m dm 'F va 'LF cua thit bi
Chn V
DDCORE
/V
CAP
co hai chuc nng. Khi b diu chinh tt, nu ENVREG nm
trn thit bi nhiu chn va thit bi it chn co k tu 'LF thi V
DDCORE
cp ngun cho
thanh phn s chinh cua thit bi. Nhu vy se giam dong tiu thu cua cac phn khac
bng cach loai bo dong thu dng cua b diu chinh din th, la noi tiu tn nng luong
nht khi o ch d Idle hay Sleep. O ch d nay, nng luong phai cp cho ca chn
V
DDCORE
va chn V
DD
. Cach cu hinh thng thuong la ni V
DDCORE
voi V
DD
va cp
ngun tu 2,0V dn 2,7V. Cung co th ly nng luong tu ngun ring cho V
DDCORE
(2,0V dn 2,7V) va V
DD
(V
DDCORE
dn 3.6V). Nhu vy cho php thanh phn chinh hoat
dng voi muc din th thp hon trong khi cac chn vao/ra va cac cng ngoai vi hoat
dng voi muc din th cao hon. Khi hoat dng o ch d nay, nht thit phai gi cho
V
DDCORE
khng vuot qua V
DD
k ca khi bt du.
Khi b diu chinh din th duoc bt, do ENVREG duoc ni voi V
DD
o thit bi
nhiu chn va thit bi it chn voi k tu 'F, mt tu din tro khang chui tuong duong

50

(ESR) thp se ni vao chn V
CAP
d n dinh du ra tu b diu chinh din th gn trong.
Trong ch d nay, thit bi phai duoc cp ngun tu 2.7V dn 3.6V trn V
DD
. Khi b
diu chinh bi ngt, V
DDCORE
phai duoc cp ngun tu 2.0V dn 2.7V d cp nn luong
cho thanh phn chinh cua thit bi.

Hinh 17: Cu hnh ngun din hnh cho thit b| flash PIC18FXX1 nhiu chn

Hinh 18: Cu hnh ngun din hnh cho thit b| flash PIC18FXX1 it chn
Hinh 18 th hin cu hinh nng luong thng dung cho thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash
nhiu chn. Hinh 4 th hin cu hinh nng luong thng dung cho thit bi PIC18FXXJ
Flash it chn.

51

5.3 Reset Brown-out (BOR)
Thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co module BOR la mt phn cua b diu chinh din
th gn trong. Khi du ra cua b diu chinh ha xung duoi muc din th chinh ti thiu
thi thit bi se roi vao trang thai BOR. Do module BOR co trong b diu chinh din th
nn thit bi voi b diu chinh din th bi ngt (thit bi nhiu chn voi ENVREG ni
dt va tt ca cac thit bi it chn voi k tu 'LF) se ngt module BOR.
Dim khac bit voi thit bi PIC18 Flash truoc, do module BOR kha trinh co th
duoc chon la bt hay ngt, nm o tu cu hinh hay thanh ghi diu khin, va co th duoc
cu hinh voi muc din th nht dinh ma tai do Reset hoat dng. Cac thit bi nay doi
hoi co BOR kha trinh vi chung cn giam tn s hoat dng khi din th giam; vi vy,
BOR kha trinh cho php nguoi dung dam bao rng cac thng s k thut khng bi anh
huong khi din th h thng giam. Trai lai, voi thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash, voi b diu
chinh din th bt, chi cn BOR don muc vi chung co th hoat dng toan tc voi din
th hoat dng ti thiu. Chuc nng BOR trong thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co trong b
diu chinh din th va khng hoat dng nu b diu chinh bi ngt.
5.4 XUNG
1n s xung nhjp cao khi din th thp hon, thit bj "LF" v "F"
Du ho thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co dai din th hoat dng hep, chung vn co th
cung cp duoc nhiu MIPS/V hon thit bi PIC18 Flash truoc. Cac thit bi nay co th
chay voi tc d 40 MHz (10 MIPS) khi hoat dng o 2.25 V. Tinh mm deo hoat dng
tng cuong nay cho php nguoi dung khai thac toan b nng luong va tc d cua thit
bi trong dai din th rng hon.
Hinh 20 th hin quan h gia V
DD
va tn s hoat dng cua thit bi voi b diu
chinh duoc bt (thit bi nhiu chn voi ENVREG ni voi V
DD
va thit bi it chn voi k
tu 'F). Hinh 6 th hin quan h gia V
DD
, V
DDCORE
va tn s hoat dng cua thit bi
voi b diu chinh din th bi ngt. Chu V
DD
ni voi V
DDCORE
nn din th hoat dng
ti da la 2.75V.

52

Hinh 19: V
DD
theo tn s hoat dng ( b diu chinh d bt)

Hinh 20: J
DD
theo tn s hot dng ( b dio chnh d tt)
5.5Tuy chn dao dng k
Tuy chon dao dng k cho thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash la EC, ECPLL, HS,
HSPLL va dao dng k gn trong 31 kHz. Thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash khng co tuy
chon XT va LP thuong co trong thit bi PIC18 Flash. Ch d RC co trong mt s thit
bi PIC18FXXJ Flash. Hy xem data sheet d r hon v thit bi ring.
5.6 Dng h do nang lung
Trong thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash, dng h do nng luong duoc bt. O thit bi
truoc, co tuy chon bt hay tt o phn thit lp cu hinh.
5.7 D tr khoi dng/reset
Do trong thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash, dng h do nng luong lun bt nn thoi
gian khoi dng cac thit bi nay lu hon so voi cac phn PIC18 Flash. Cung co d tr
cng thm vao cho thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash sau mi ln reset d copy tu cu hinh tu

53

b nho chuong trinh vao thanh ghi cu hinh. Trong thoi gian tr, dao dng k RC gn
trong dong vai tro ngun thit bi. Sau khi thanh ghi cu hinh duoc nap, thit bi chuyn
sang xung dc bit nho cac bit cu hinh FOSC. Xem 'Tu cu hinh d bit thm chi
tit.
5.8 S khc Bit V Chn
Chn dung sai 5 Jolt
Du cac thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co V
DD
ti da 3.6V nhung cac chn vao/ra voi
tinh nng s chi chiu duoc ti da 5V. Cac chn duoc ghp knh voi dc tinh tuong tu
co dung sai khng phai la 5V va khng gioi han, gm:
Bt cu chn nao la du vao tuong tu (AN0, AN1 .)
Bt cu chn ngun xung nao (OSC1, OSC2, T1OSC)
Bt cu chn du vao so sanh nao
Chu rng cac chn co dung sai 5V la du vao chi nhn V
DD
la du ra. Voi cac
ung dung doi hoi du ra 5V trn cac thit bi cm ngoai thi chn cng 5V co th tu tao
bng cach:
Thm din tro ko ghp ngoai;
Dt bit thanh ghi LAT cho chn do la 0` va
Dung bit thanh ghi TRIS cho chn do d cho php chn do nng ln 5V hay
ha xung muc dt.
Khi dung mt din tro ko trn chn cng, kha nng kt ni gia hai thit bi cn
duoc xem xt d quyt dinh ty l tng/giam cua tin hiu trn chn cng va gia tri chinh
xac cua din tro cho ung dung. Ta co Phuong trinh 1 sau:
Phuong trinh 1:
Thoi gian tng/giam t ln(PV
DD
/(PV
DD
- TV
IH
))
trong do:
t RCt, TV
IH
din th du vao muc cao cua thit bi nhn va PV
DD
la din th
ma din tro ko ln.
Vi du, nhu trinh bay o mach trong Hinh 7, PV
DD
la din th ma din tro ko ln.
Nu R 1kOhm, Ct 10 pF va PV
DD
5V thi thoi gian tu khi thit bi PIC18FXXJ

54

Flash mo duong (cho php din tro ko duong ln muc cao) dn khi thit bi A phat
hin ra thay di nhu Phuong trinh 2:
Phuong trinh 2:
tln(PV
DD
/(PV
DD
- TV
IH
)) (1K)(10 pF)ln(5V/5V`(.8`5V)) 16 ns

Hinh 21: Ni thit b| vi mt din tro ko dy
Khi thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co duong ni dt thi gia tri R duoc dung d tinh
toan t la din tro chui cua phn du ra cng thm tro khang duong. Thoi gian tinh
thm do duong thuong duoc luoc di khi so sanh voi thoi gian giam xung cua du ra
cng (TioI). Xem phn dc tinh AC trong data sheet v thit bi d bit gia tri cua TioI.
5.9 Din tro ko gn trong
D chn s trn thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash chiu duoc 5V, cn co mt b dich
muc. Din tro ko gn trong trn chn cng khng th ko cac chn theo tt ca cac
duong ln V
DD
duoc; chung bi gioi han boi V
DD
tru di ngung giam cua b dich hay
Vtn. Thng tin chuyn bit thm v cac gioi han ko du ra duoc noi dn trong phn
cac dc tinh din cua data sheet v thit bi.
5.10 Ty l dng trn cc chn vo/ra
Mt dim dang xem xt khi chuyn sang phn PIC18FXXJ Flash la kha nng luu
din cua chn cng. Trong nhiu phn PIC18 Flash, tt ca cac cng du co kha nng
luu 25 mA mt chn. O thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash, cac cng nht dinh, thuong la
PORTB va PORTC, luu duoc dong 25 mA mt chn. Cac cng khac co kha nng luu

55

duoc 8 mA hoc 2 mA mt chn. Nguoi dung nn thuong xuyn doc data sheet v
thit bi d xem thng tin luu din cua ho thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash.
5.11 V
CAP
/V
DDCORE
v ENVREG
Thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co cac chn moi: V
CAP
/V
DDCORE
trn tt ca cac thit bi
va ENVREG trn cac thit bi co tu 44 chn tro ln. Mi chn nay thay cho mt trong
cac chn cng tuong duong trong thit bi PIC18 Flash. Xem phn 'B diu chinh din
th, V
DDCORE
/V
CAP
, thit bi 'LF va 'F, muc V
DD
d bit thm thng tin v vic su
dung cac chn nay va hiu ung cua chung trong chuc nng thit bi
5.12 B Nh Chuong Trnh
5.12.1 ID thit b|
O cac thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash it chn, cac phn k hiu 'F va 'LF co cac ID
thit bi khac nhau. Trong thit bi PIC18 Flash, phn 'F va 'LF co cung ID thit bi.
Xem 'Thit lp chinh xac chuong trinh thit bi va cng cu phn mm d bit thm
thng tin v cach thay di chuong trinh va su dung cng cu.
5.12.2 T cu hnh
Trong thit bi PIC18 Flash, tu cu hinh duoc dt o du dia chi 300000h. Dia chi
nay nm trong khng gian b nho chuong trinh nguoi dung thuong xuyn (xem Hinh 8
lam vi du).
Trong thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash, tu cu hinh duoc dt o cui khng gian b nho
nguoi dung (xem Hinh 21). Cac gia tri nay duoc copy mi ln reset tu vi tri b nho
chuong trinh vao thanh ghi cu hinh. Khi copy xong, co ch ghi vao thanh ghi cu
hinh bi ngt.
Nu bt cu bit cu hinh nao thay di trong b nho chuong trinh trong luc hoat
dng, chung se khng anh huong dn khi thit bi duoc reset. Sau khi thit bi duoc
reset, tu cu hinh se duoc copy lai vao thanh ghi cu hinh.


56

Hinh 22: So d d|a chi t cu hnh flash PIC18

57

Hinh 23: So d d|a chi t cu hnh flash PIC18FXX1
Cac ung dung su dung chuc nng tu ghi cua thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash nn duoc
xem xt ring theo tu cu hinh. Truoc khi xoa khi khng gian b nho chuong trinh
nguoi dung cui cung, ung dung luu lai tu cu hinh va ghi lai cac gia tri nay cang som
cang tt. Trong truong hop reset sau khi xoa khi b nho cui cung nhung truoc khi
ghi lai thi thit lp cu hinh cua thit bi co th bi hong. Theo khuyn cao, cac ung dung
dung chuc nng tu ghi d tranh dung khi b nho cui cung trong phn thay di m
khoi dng hay gi lai mt ban copy tu cu hinh o vung sao luu cua b nho d kim
dinh chuong trinh vao trong tinh hung him hoi nay, tu cu hinh co th duoc khi

58

phuc lai. Ung dung buc reset cn phai co truoc khi thit bi co th tng hop hoat dng
o ch d hoat dng khi phuc lai.
5.12.3 Cc chu trnh ghi
Thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co tc d chu trinh ghi thng thuong thp hon Flash
cai tin thuong dung trong da phn cac thit bi PIC18 Flash. Hy xem data sheet v
thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash d bit thm v s chu trinh ghi thng thuong cua thit bi do.
5.12.4 Kha nang ghi nh dc tnh
Thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co kha nng ghi nho dc tinh yu hon so voi Flash cai
tin dung trong nhiu thit bi PIC18 Flash. Gia tri ti thiu va thng dung d ghi nho
dc tinh duoc ghi trong data sheet v thit bi cua ho thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash.
5.12.5M phong t ghi v EEPROM
Khi chuyn sang ung dung tu ghi sang thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash, phai xem xt
mt s vn d. Vn d du tin la thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash co khi xoa lon hon da
phn thit bi PIC18 Flash. Vic tng ban ghi cung doi hoi khi phuc lai toan b khi
sau khi xoa.
Mt vn d khac la khng nhu cac thit bi PIC18 Flash, mi khi ghi chi co th
ghi mt ln gia cac chu trinh xoa. Diu nay nghia la nu mt ung dung mun thay di
mt bit cua b nho chuong trinh v 0 thi no cn phai dm toan b khi xoa, xoa b
nho va ghi lai toan b b nho voi bit d thay di. Nhiu thit bi PIC18 Flash cho php
ghi nhiu ban cho mt khi gia cac ln xoa, cho php ung dung chi copy khi cn
thay di, xoa mt bit do ri ghi lai b nho. Vic xoa bt buc, yu cu tng b dm va
giam s chu trinh xoa trong thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash lam cho vic m phong
EEPROM kho khn hon.
Trong thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash, thanh ghi gi d tu ghi khng tu reset thanh
FFh sau khi ghi xong. Chung gi gia tri tu khi lp trinh cui cung. Diu nay duoc
dung vao cac ung dung co th ghi toan b khi vao b nho va gi phn d liu con lai
la FFh. D dam bao cac byte con lai chuyn thanh FFh thi ung dung cn thuc hin chi
thi TBLWT cho cac byte con lai trong khi voi gia tri FFh.
Bt cu ung dung nao tu ghi hay m phong EEPROM trn thit bi Flash
PIC18FXXJ phai bit s chu trinh ghi thng thuong cua thit bi do (xem 'Chu trinh
ghi d bit thm chi tit).

59

Vn d dc bit phai thuc hin voi cac ung dung co chuc nng tu ghi trong khi
xoa cui cung cua khng gian b nho nguoi dung. Xem 'Tu cu hinh d bit thm
chi tit.
5.12.6 Bao v m
Bao v m trong thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash duoc thuc hin nhu mt khi don.
Toan b b nho duoc bao v boi mt bit cu hinh. Ging nhu (cac) bit bao v m o
thit bi truoc, bit nay khng cho ghi va doc tu ngoai tai module lp trinh ni tip in-
circuit. Tuy nhin, bit bao v m khng gioi han chuc nng doc va ghi bang trong m
ung dung.
5.12.7 Vo ch d lp trnh
Phuong thuc vao ch d lp trinh cua thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash d thay di.
Truoc dy, thit bi PIC18 Flash dua vao ngun 12V trn V
PP
/MCLR d vao ch d lp
trinh qua ch d lp trinh din th cao hoc tin hiu muc cao trn PGM d vao ch d
lp trinh ngun don khi bit cu hinh duoc dt chinh xac. O thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash,
vao ch d lp trinh bng cach truoc ht nng va sau do ha duong reset xung. Khi
reset xong, mt chui duoc truyn ni tip vao cac chn lp trinh d vao ch d lp
trinh. Cui cung, duong MCLR duoc dt lai muc cao d bt du lp trinh.
HInh 24 trinh bay vi du vao ch d lp trinh trn thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash. Xem
thng s k thut lp trinh thit bi d bit thng tin v yu cu thoi gian va thit bi
ring.

Hinh 24: Vo ch d lp trnh/ thay di cua thit b| flash PIC18FXX1

60

5.13 Thit Lp Chnh Xc Cho Chuong Trnh Thit B| V Cng C Phn Mm
Phai chu khi dung bt cu cng cu lp trinh nao cho thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash.
Thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash khng th hoat dng o 12V trn Vpp/MCLR thuong su
dung d vao thit bi trong ch d lp trinh. Truoc khi ni thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash
voi bang th hin hay cai no vao mt socket lp trinh:
1. Xac nhn rng bang se dua ra muc din th chinh xac.
2. Xac nhn rng chn V
DDCORE
/V
CAP
duoc cu hinh dung nhu d duoc m ta
truoc trong phn 'B diu chinh din th, V
DDCORE
/V
CAP
, thit bi 'LF va
'F, muc V
DD
.
3. Xac nhn rng chuong trinh va MPLAB IDE du chon thit bi chinh xac.
Ni chuong trinh voi may tinh va kim tra chuong trinh d duoc bat va kich hoat
dung thit bi truoc khi ni chuong trinh voi bang hay cai mt phn vao chuong trinh.
Khng thuc hin duoc diu nay co th lam hong phn do.
D chon dung thit bi, vao tuy chon thuc don 'ConIigure trong MPLAB IDE ri
chon tuy chon 'Select Device. Tu thuc don nay, chon thit bi chinh xac .
Ch y: Voi thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash it chn, cac phn k hiu 'F va 'LF se
doc lit k ring bit trong hp thoai 'Select Device. Dim nay khac bit voi thit bi
PIC18 Flash, chi co phn k hiu 'F duoc lit k trong hp thoai 'Select Device.

Hinh 25: Chn thit b| trong MPLAB- IDE

61

5.14 KHC BIJT MODULE
Chun ho tuong t/s
Mt thay di chuc nng quan trong duoc thm vao thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash la
kha nng nguoi dung co th chun hoa b chuyn di tuong tu/s. Vic chuyn hoa
nay se giup bu lai bt cu phn oIIset nao sinh ra trong module.
D bt du chun hoa, du tin dt bit chun hoa ADCAL trong thanh ghi
ADCON0 (xem Hinh 26). Khi dt bit ADCAL, bt du chuyn di tuong tu/s bng
cach dt bit GO/DONE. Vic chuyn di nay se khng doc bt cu mt chn du vao
tuong tu nao. Qua trinh nay nn thuc hin mi ln hoat dng cua thit bi thay di, vi
du, dao dng k thay di, din th thay di, sau mi ln reset .

Hinh 26: Mo rng dn cc chn dn thm vo bit chun ha A/D
5.15 TONG KET
Thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash cho nha thit k h thng nhiu tuy chon va tinh linh hoat
cao hon d thoa mn cac nhu cu v vi diu khin cua ho. Nhng khac bit chinh trong tai
liu nay giup phn bit thit bi PIC18FXXJ Flash voi thit bi PIC18 Flash, cho php nha thit
k chon dung thit bi cho ung dung cua minh. Nha thit k nn xem xt nhng dim khac bit
khi thit k va phat trin san phm.


62

CHUONG VI

DONG HO BO THC
6.1 Tm luc
Muc dich cua ta la thit k mt dng h bao thuc tt hon voi cac dc tinh uu vit
ma moi nguoi thuc su cam thy hu ich. Ta mun cung cp nhiu m bao thuc cho
php nguoi dung tai MP3 va cai nhng bai hat khac nhau ung voi nhng bao hiu khac
nhau. Ta cung thit k d cung cp nhiu bao hiu, cho php mt bao hiu co th dt o
ch d tt trong nhiu ngay voi thoi gian ngn bin thin va co m bao thuc dt truoc.
Cu hinh nay duoc thuc hin toan b qua mt ung dung Java va t ca cac lnh va d
liu du duoc gui qua giao din USB.
6.2 Chi th| hot dng
Dng h bao thuc SpiIIy duoc diu khin chu yu qua ung dung Java trn may
tinh ca nhn cua nguoi dung. Ung dung nay la giao din nguoi dung d hoa trn nn
Swing cho php su dung thoi gian va ngay hin tai, hiu chinh 12 gio va thoi gian
qun su, bao thuc voi d dai cho thay di va m bao thuc duoc tai qua USB vao dng
h bao thuc. D su dung dng h bao thuc, cm ngun va cap USB vao va kim tra
xem dng h bt du dm tu 12 gio. Tai dim nay, ung dung co th mo va cu hinh/tai
co th bt du.
6.2.1 Ngy thng/thi gian hin ti
Theo mc dinh, ngay thang/thoi gian hin tai cua dng h bao thuc duoc dng b
theo dng h h thng cua may tinh nguoi dung. Nu khng thich thi nguoi dung co
th chon trn menu Time, tuy chon Edit Date/Time d chinh lai phn ngay thang/thoi
gian.


63

Hinh 27: Ngy thng / thi gian hin ti
6.2.2 Thi gian 12 gi hay thi gian qun s
Theo mc dinh, dng h bao thuc chi gio dang 12 gio nhung nu nguoi dung
mun hin thi kiu 24 gio/thoi gian qun su thi co th vao menu Time va chon tuy
chon 12-hr/Military Time.

Hinh 28: Thi gian qun s

64

6.2.3 Bo thc
Nguoi dung co th thm, chinh va xoa bao thuc qua menu Alarms. Thm hay
chinh bao thuc thi mo phn chinh bao thuc ra, o do cho nguoi dung mt b cac nut th
hin ngay ma bao thuc cn tt di, vung th hin thoi gian trong ngay ma bao thuc cn
tt di, d dai cho va danh sach cac m bao thuc nguoi dung co th chon cho bao thuc.

Hinh29a: Bo thc

Hinh 29b: Bo thc

65

6.2.4 m bo thc
Nguoi dung co th chinh cac khe m bao thuc hin tai bng cach vao menu
Tones va chon Edit. Nguoi dung se co mt hp thoai mo Iile d co th tim trong h
thng Iile va chon mt Iile MP3 mun tai vao dng h bao thuc.

Hinh 30: m bo thc
6.2.5 Dng b, ch v ngng bo thc
Khi nguoi dung chon xong, co th dng b theo mun va tai bt cu m bao
thuc thay di bao vao dng h bao thuc bng cach vao menu App va chon Sync. Ngoai
ra, khi bao thuc duoc diu khin, nguoi dung co th d ch d cho hau ngung bao thuc
qua menu App.


66

Hinh 31: Dng b, ngng v ch bo thc
Chi tit v project

Hnh 32: Chi Tit Project

67

6.3 USB
PIC18F4550 co phn h tro tich hop cho USB 2.0, nghia la co b nho tich hop va
kha nng hoat dng khng dng b d truyn/ly d liu qua cac duong truyn d li
USB duoc D va D- duoc chi dinh. Microchip cung cp Iirmware cho nhiu thit lp
USB goi la lop Thit bi Giao din Nguoi dung va Thit bi Truyn thng. Firmware lop
Thit bi Truyn thng duoc dung voi chuc nng cn thit d cu hinh va tai d liu
qua may tinh vao dng h bao thuc. Firmware duoc cung cp kem theo PIC18F4550
ban cung b san phm demo Microchip, vi vy ta bo di nhiu m d Iirmware hoat
dng theo dung nhu thit lp. Firmware CDC do Microchip cung cp lam vic voi
driver USB trn may host qua cng COM chun, m phong dn chuong trinh ung
dung. MicrosoIt tich hop driver nay trn Windows XP nn kho khn duy nht la
Iile .INF chua ID nha san xut va ID san phm cua dng h bao thuc d duoc cai dt
d may tinh bit su dung driver USB/ni tip khi cm thit bi vao. Lp trinh thit bi
tuong di don gian, dung goi Javacomm do Sun cung cp cho kt ni ni tip trong
Java. Ta chon kt ni USB do su ph bin cua USB trong linh vuc tin hoc hin nay va
kha nng truyn d liu tc d cao, cho php nguoi dung chon va tai m bao thuc MP3
moi d dang va nhanh. Theo vn d v thoi gian va d phuc tap, dung driver chuyn
bit, dy du cho Windows XP khng d dang va ta chon thay bng m phong USB/ni
tip. Nhuoc dim la tc d truyn ta dung khng tuong duong voi USB nhung uu
dim la thuc dung USB va tip tuc phat trin la kha thi trong mt gio hai dot, mt
khung thoi gian dinh ky.
6.4 Lp trnh PIC
Vi diu khin PIC thuc hin mt s tac vu bao gm theo di ngay thang va thoi
gian thuc, diu khin vao/ra tu kt ni USB va giao tip voi phn cung thit bi
Compact Flash b m hoa MP3. D tt ca cac hoat dng chay mt cach tron tru thi doi
hoi phai chia chuc nng ma cac tac vu do yu cu thanh cac phn nho d co th thuc
hin tun tu bng mt vong lp chinh, do do cho php tt ca cac tac vu ly thoi gian b
xu l theo dinh ky.
6.4.1 Dng h
D theo di ngay thang va thoi gian thuc, PIC dung dng h gn trong do theo
lung d diu khin mt ngt co nhim vu tng gia tri ngay thang/thoi gian mt cach
chinh xac. Ngoai ra, khi ngt thy bt du mt phut moi, no kim tra bao thuc xem co

68

cn kich hoat chua. Nu co, mt co duoc dt d ln sau qua vong lp, chuc nng hoi
vong d kim tra co kich hoat bao thuc se cho chay m bao thuc chinh xac.
6.4.2 USB
Tac vu USB dung thanh phn trang thai d cho php luu lai dung trang thai cua
no trong khi cac tac vu khac vn chay. Vi du, dt ngay thang/thoi gian hin tai yu cu
gui lnh 'set tu may tinh dn dng h bao thuc, d thanh phn trang thai USB vao
trang thai cho lnh 'clk, ri lai thay di trang thai d cho mt s nht dinh cac byte
chua d liu thoi gian/ngay thang.
B m hoa MP3 Compact Flash
Compact Flash co b diu khin gn trn mach nn d dang gui lnh moi d thuc
thi dc lp voi PIC. Vi vy, trong vong lp chinh, nu bao thuc duoc diu khin va vi
vy m bao thuc duoc bt thi khi chuc nng chay duoc goi tu vong lp chinh xac dinh
Compact Flash cn nhiu d liu hon, no phat lnh doc d ngn lai trong khi CF doc,
vi vy cho php tac vu chay nhanh chong kt thuc hoat dng lin tip, lp lai. B m
hoa MP3 doi hoi d liu phai duoc gui vao ni tip d hoat dng duoc chia nho ra d
gui d liu thanh cac goi nho.
6.5 Su dng Compact Flash
Ta chon su dung card Compact Flash (CF) d luu tr d liu MP3. L do chinh
cho lua chon nay la card CF co b diu khin ring gn cung d khi kt ni chi cn gui
lnh va cho thuc hin. Ta chon kt ni voi card CF dung ch d Common Memory
lam vic voi giao din d liu 8 bit va vi vy ta co th luu trn cac chn cua vi diu
khin PIC. Ta dung bang ngt CF co sn trong trang SparkFun.com.
D liu trn card CF duoc luu tr trn cac sector 512 byte va tt ca cac sector
phai duoc vit thanh khi kich thuoc 512 byte. D kt ni voi card CF, ta dung 3
duong dia chi d truy cp vao 8 thanh ghi. Cac thanh ghi nay duoc dung d tai thng
tin dia chi va gui lnh doc va vit. Ta cung co th tn dung nhiu duong diu khin,
vic nay chi tn dung duoc nhng duong quan trong nht gm Reset, Ready, Write
Enable va Output Enable. Reset thi d hiu, Ready la tin hiu tu card d bao hiu khi
bn, Write Enable vit vao thanh ghi dia chi va Output Enable doc tu thanh ghi dia chi.
Khi bt dng h bao thuc, card CF duoc reset va sn sang nhn chp nhn tin hiu. Co
m cung cp d goi nhiu chuc nng va thuc hin nhng tac vu phuc tap nhung m
thuc su dung trong thit bi kha don gian. Khi cn choi mt bai hat thi sector du tin

69

se duoc tai vao cac thanh ghi CF bng lnh CFStartSectorRead(), no cung tai thanh
ghi diu khin bng lnh read. Sau do sector du tin duoc copy tu card vao b dm
trn PIC, vic nay thuc hin bng cach doc thanh ghi 0 va cho php du ra xung muc
thp ri nng ln muc cao d doc ln luot 512 byte. D sector k tip sn sang khi cn
thit, lnh CFStartSectorRead() duoc goi lai d tai truoc. Chuc nng gui MP3 dn
chip STA013 cung kim tra ht Iile sau khi tai mt sector moi, vic nay duoc thuc
hin bng cach kim tra mt sector ma tt ca cac byte co gia tri 0xFF. Khi vit s bai
hat, truoc tin phai xac dinh sector bt du. Sau do, cac byte duoc vit vao sector va
mi ln sector lp dy, b dm duoc vit vao card va no lai duoc lp dy lai. Khi ca
bai hat d duoc vit, phn con lai cua sector do duoc lp voi gia tri 0xFF va duoc vit,
sau do cng vic cung duoc thuc hin tuong tu trong sector k tip d co it nht mt
sector dy gia tri 0xFF khi kt thuc bai hat.
Nhin chung, giao din CF rt co ban va d su dung. Quan l d liu trn mt b
dm kich thuoc sector trn PIC va vit hay doc vao card CF khin cho vic truy cp va
vit d liu rt d dang.
6.6 Chip b m ho MP3
Ta chon STA013 d m hoa MP3, thuc su thi co nhng phin ban moi hon cua
chip nay ph bin hon nhung ta khng noi dn o dy. Chip nay duoc chon vi d su
dung, tt ca nhng vic cn lam chi don gian la gui vao mt Iile va no se quyt dinh
tc d bit va cac thng tin khac ri m hoa phn d liu. Chip co sn b dm trong va
nng tin hiu ln muc cao d bao hiu cho PIC bit no co th nhn d liu. Diu nay
khng cn nhiu diu kin cho vic bao hiu thoi gian chinh xac tu PIC, chi cn gi
dy b dm nu co th.

70

Hinh 33: B m ha MP3
Vic cu hinh chip STA013 duoc thuc hin qua bus I2C, la bus chia se hai chiu
su dung don gian nhu mt cng cu cu hinh. Dung giao thuc I2C, cac lnh co th duoc
vit vao chip va chip duoc thit lp d chay Iile. Chip STA013 ta dung co Iile cu hinh
rt lon do STMicro cung cp, nhiu nguoi cho rng do la Iirmware cp nht cho chip
d hoat dng tt. File nay co khoang 2000 ban ghi vao chip, du tin phai duoc gui
vao chip qua bus I2C, khi Iile d duoc gui thi cac lnh chinh xac phai duoc gui di d
cu hinh chip trong mi truong cai dt. Cu hinh gm cac chi tit nhu tc d xung va
thng tin giao din d ni vao b chuyn di s - tuong tu. Thit lp chinh xac co th
thy trn data sheet cua chip nay. Khi chip d duoc cu hinh, no phai duoc chuyn di
d su dung va chay cac ch d va sau do no se sn sang nhn d liu MP3. Chip m
hoa cung co nhiu tuy chon tin tin gm tuy chon EQ va thit lp dung luong, cho
php sua di m thanh d dang nhung khng duoc dung trong m hin tai. Cac thit
lp nay d thay di qua bus I2C.
D liu MP3 duoc gui dn chip qua giao din SPI don gian. Giao din nay co hai
duong, mt cho dng h va mt cho d liu. Duong d liu duoc dt va xung dng h

71

duoc gui cho mi bit. D liu duoc gui tung byte mt dn khi duong yu cu d liu
cua chip xung muc thp d bao hiu b dm d dy.
Vic kho nht khi su dung chip la thit lp mach khoi tao cho no va chinh tin
hiu 5V sang 3V do STA013 la chip 3V trong khi PIC cua ta la 5V. Mach khoi tao co
trong so d, hiu din th co th diu chinh bng nhiu cach.
Du tin, co mt mach don gian gm din tro va tu din gia PIC va STA013, no
giam din th xung du thp d din th khng lam hong chip STA013. Kho nht la
duong d liu bus I2C. Cn thuc hin ca hai vic d b chia gia cac chip khng hoat
dng. Le ra phai dung thanh phn ko 3V va PIC chinh tin hiu thanh High-Z dn khi
no ha tin hiu thp xung dim khng ma chn va din tro ko co sut din th 3V.

Hinh 34a. :I
2
C bus data

Hinh 34b: Giao din 5 xung 3V mt chiu
D cp ngun cho chip STA013 thi phai dung mt b diu chinh din th thay
di duoc 317T, no cp ngun kha n dinh chi voi mt chip va cac din tro va tu din
kp gn ngoai. Data sheet cua chip nay co mach may phat dao dng tinh th duoc dung
d cp xung nhung diu nay khng dap ung duoc, vi vy ta chuyn sang may phat dao
dng 10 MHz, giai quyt tt ca cac vn d v may phat dao dng.

72

6.7 B chuyn di s - tuong t CS4334
Dy la mt b chuyn di s - tuong tu co ban. Giao din kha don giam do chip
h tro kt ni I2S va STA013 cung vy. Ngoai vic thit lp mach khoi tao, chip chi
cn cp ngun va co tin hiu chinh xac tu STA013. StA013 phai thit lp chinh xac
theo cac thng s k thut cua b chuyn di s - tuong tu kem theo va hoat dng don
gian.
6.8 Mn hnh LED
D hin thi, ta su dung man hinh 7 phn, khin cho dng h trng ging nhu
dng h bao thuc thuong hon la dng h bao thuc phuc tap. Diu nay han ch ta chi
hin thi thoi gian va cac di tuong khng phuc tap hon nhu ngay trong tun va ngay
thang nhung do thit lp binh thuong qua kt ni USB, do khng phai la vn d quan
trong.
D ni man hinh 7 doan vao PIC, ta bit la cn phai dung cang it chn cang tt.
Quyt dinh cui cung la dung bn thanh ghi dich 8 bit ni tip vao/song song ra d co
th tai qua hai chn va co mt bit cho mi doan. Do co b diu khin man hinh 7 doan,
tuy chon nay rt don gian va dat yu cu. Ta chi cn reIresh lai man hinh bt cu khi
nao d liu hin thi thay di, mt khac, co th gi nguyn va man hinh se hin thi thoi
gian hin tai. Ni bn thanh ghi dich vao mt duong ni tip va dung chung d diu
khin man hinh rt don gian va hiu qua.

Hinh 35. Mn hnh LED

73

6.9 Kt lun
Ta d thanh cng trong vic tao ra mt dng h bao thuc voi cac dc tinh mong
mun. Dung dng thoi cac chip tin dung, ni va lp trinh chung theo thit k ring
khng phai la cach d nht d tao ra mt dng h bao thuc nhu vy nhu do la co hi
lon d hoc hoi.

74

Hinh 36: So d khi

75

Hinh 37: STA013


76

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Duong Minh Chi. So D Chn Linh Kin Ban Dn. NXB KHKT. 2002
2. Ng Din Tp. Vi Xu L Trong Do Luong Va Diu Khin. NXB KHKT.
10/08/2004
3. Ng Din Tp. Vi Diu Khin Voi Lp Trinh C. NXB KHKT. 04/2006
4. Ng Din Tp. K Thut Vi Diu Khin AVR
Mt S Trang Web:
http://dientuvietnam.net
http://picvietnam.com
http://www.piclist.com
http://www.tailieuvietnam.net
http://www.microchip.com


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