: S'uka-sandea. A Sanskit Poem by Lakshm-dsa Author(s): H. H.

Rma-Varm Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, New Series, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Oct., 1884), pp. 401-452 Published by: Cambridge University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25197001 . Accessed: 01/03/2013 13:45
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JOURNAL OP THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.

Art. A Sanskrit Poem S'uha-sandc?ah. in English, Preface and Notes by of Travancore, H.H. BIma-Varm?, Maharaja G.C.S.L, and a Commentary M.R.A.S., by Kerala-varm?. II ^TCP^T? by Lalcshmt-d?m. With
Preface.

XIX. ?

The

literature of India is attracting ancient Sanskrit daily of Europe. the increasing attention of Orientalists Sanskrit are being brought to the notice of works, hitherto unknown, of scholars the labours like Doctors the public by European and others. Those labours, however, B?hler, Cowell, Burnell, have been but very imperfectly extended to the purely Sanskrit or Malay?lam in the South-Western literature of Keralam In the blessed India. isolation which that of extremity had for ages enjoyed, the cultivation Land of Parasu-r?ma Poets literature was far from being neglected. of Sanskrit to none in the have flourished who would yield superiority and one or rest of India, except perhaps to the great K?lid?sa It cannot, therefore, be labour two others of the highest rank. left by them to the to bring some of the works wasted here printed The manuscript notice of European Orientalists. or "Suka a is called first time for the "Suka-sandesa," poem
d?ta"?"

" so trans celebrated of K?lid?sa's admirably Megha-duta," lated into English verse by the late Professor Horace Hayman The metre is the same?Mand?kr?nt?. Wilson.
VOL. XVI.?[NEW 8ERIE8.] 27

Parrot-messenger."

It

is very

much

on

the

plan

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402
The poet

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Lakshm?-d?sa dreams himself to be suddenly or to the well-known Ramesvaram, R?ma-setu, transported off the southern end of the Coromandel place of pilgrimage, coast. There he meets a parrot of supernatural intelligence and powers, and conveys the message by him to his wife at
Guna-purain.

the plan of tho Megha-d?ta, the author de towns, shrines, mountains, rivers, and all chief in the route the parrot is asked to take objects of interest to Guna-puram. from R?mesvaram Some of the places alluded to by the poet are well kuown and easily identified. to others, all that can be done In regard is to hazard notes in The to the poem guesses. English appended are attempts as is to throw on such allusions as much light Following scribes the
available.

The age of the poet or of the poem I have not been able to find out. But for the very reason that several of the places are now difficult to be identified, and the political formations in the poem are not what are now found, the poem described must be some three or four centuries old. At the same time to Kojambam, alias Kollam, alias Quilon, the poet's allusion era of the Malabar which gives the current coast, places the poem of that town and the era. The Kolambam the synchronous or Kollam 825 A.D., and era1 dates from the 25th August, hence the date of the poem must be somewhere between the nearer to the latter than 9th and 16th centuries?probably posterior construction of commencement to the former. As to the

" " the is in strict Suka-sandesa observed, already " a more It is much imitation of K?lid?sa's Megha-d?ta." and laboured production, possesses very considerable poetical the effortless wellings of a poetical genius merit, although and the delicately of inward and out graphic delineations ward nature by an intuitively close observer of it, must ever render There the King of Indian poets?K?lid?sa?inimitable. or are other "Sandesas" besides "Messages"
1 See note 20.

this

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SUKA-SANDESAH. " Parrot- messen ger." The Travancore :? tains the following
1. 2. 3. Subhaga-sandesa, Bhramara-sandesa. Ch?taka-sandesa.

403
Palace Library con

4. Hansa-sandesa.

5. Another The first three

Hansa-sandesa.

and of the above are by poets of Keralam, metre. last two by others. All are in the Mand?kr?nt? Further particulars on these will be found in Appendix A. " " com more one than Suka-sandesa has The poem of or them either too prolix too meagre, But finding mentary. the the consort Koil Tampur?m, requested Keraja-varm? to write a new of my niece, the Mah?r?n? of Travancore, one. This commentary and in the manuscript, is inserted selections from it are given at the end of this article. ' his attainments in A, also, I owe to hirn. While Appendix Sanskrit literature are of a very high order, he has acquired a very creditable knowledge of English, by self-education I had and possesses great natural talents. I hope fully that the Sanskrit literature of Keralam, to European hitherto almost entirely unknown Orientalists, will receive the attention which it deserves. In this direc tion it will always be a pleasure to me to render such aid as I may be qualified to do.

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VOL. XVI.?[NEW

SERIES.]

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Tapen*?if?f<; ?fa ?q ?nf? ?t ?*iw? icq \ ??t farm ?^???iwHq m*^??? T^T* 7^?7<?fTOT??*T$***f?

^1? ? qrerfa??f?nji??t ?t faqt^ i w? ?^f|T*f^?T l?Tifq a fqs|f?r?fa;

*rrrcjat ?t ?q^f? siq*r*nqfa ??q^ ?rft ?t ?rt ?fa *q ?firriqif^ Sqr?^e ?^: ^fl%?Rfaf|???: ?l^?T^5|q^T ? i -so i

?*%^??? ^fagwfa'g^ntq*at

T?t *r? ^fa ?? *qqrq ?WT 'ifs'?

fq^n^ ^^?r??? ?^e ?^?t ^^?

?lit *n%?^f???iT5p$?*R ?rqt

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SUKA-SANDESAH.

431

*fa fain;^ *fsra umreit wt u3 ?TOWWITOIl^ta^ UTOI* I

^ y*i$ TO^sraft: *re<? *rr?ngi?r i*q i

Notes.

1. Gumi-purain.?No

town

<ir

villiigo

al.

jinw?it.

Ih.ui-h

tliat

name.

nacular a purely adherence

introduced into no strict so, composition. doing or to the construction is import of the original This alone would make identification difficult obligatory. after the lapse of some centuries, not to speak of other causes of mystification. All that can be done is to depend Sanskrit In
upon tradition or to make one's own guess. I have not been

But it may be remembered names are always Sanskritizcd

that Pr?krita when

or ver

able to gather anything from tradition on this point, and my best guess is as follows:?The penultimate stage described the is am Sri I is which, poet Kurumba, by convinced, or on the where there sea-coast, Kodungall?r Cranganore is a celebrated Devi or Durg? Hence Guna-puram temple. cannot be far from it. Now, I am credibly informed that there is a village called Trikkanapuram, a little to the north of Kodungall?r. In all this is the poet's Guna probability The is and geo puram. supposition supported phonetically graphically. 2. It is well known that Sa?kha, or the conch shell, is bored in the apex and blown as a The trumpet by Hindus. Mah?bh?rata makes frequent allusion to the shells used by the great warriors of that epic. its use is a more Nowadays and humble one. It forms a part of the musical peaceful band of every temple in Keralam. The verse alludes to the of these shells in the sea. There is a spontaneous sounding

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432
belief the that sound sometimes

??KA-SANDESAII. in the silence shell and calm of midnight could be heard in the sea off point on the coast being called

of the conch Mukham.

Triv?ndram?the Sa?kham

particular

3. Jyotirli?gam in this stanza is the Li?ga of Siva, con on his way back from at R?mesvaram secrated by R?ma S?t?. Lanka after killing R?vana in battle and regaining or Li?ga of light, is said to occur The word Jyotirli?gam, in the Sthala-m?h?tmya of that temple. 4. This Scfu-rekh? is the rocky formation well known as Adam's bridge. 5. This allusion to pearls in the T?mr? or T?mra-parn? of that river would show that pearl fishery near the mouths in the days of the poem. existed Tuticurin still occupies a prominent place in that respect. on the banks of the T?mra-parn? 6. The city of Manal?ra, was of great note in ancient in P?ndya-desa, The days.
name occurs in Bh?gavata-pur?na in connection with Bala

r?ma's

Ar juna married the P?ndya pilgrimage. on this occasion. that marriage he By R?j?'s daughter he when sub had a son called Babhru-v?hana. Arjuna, the sacrificial horse intended thither with sequently went for had his brother R?j? an encounter with Brahman Yudhishthira's Asvamedha Yajfia, his son and was vanquished. The on of the bank of the Manalkarai village of the P?ndya right-hand infested by and to take

pilgrimage. tion with Arjuna's

It

occurs

in Mah?bh?rata

in connec

modern

T?mra-parn? kingdom. 7. The

stands on the site of this capital

to avoid the poet advises his parrot is route, which, though shorter, risky, as it is ensnare birds kill and beasts, and Pulindas, who one. one tho left-hand To facing N.W". from

Tinnevelli, route would lie through the "Western portion this right-hand and cross some point in the Gh?ts of the Madura District near the present G?dalfir these Pulindas were, pass. Who at tho whether them, whether any living races represent over civilized races period of the poem they predominated in this part of Southern India, are interesting questions.

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?UKA-SANDESA H. 8. The Western Sometimes are in Sanskrit called and Sahya are indiscriminately Gh?ts

433
the Sahya. used. It

Malaya is not clear which portions of the long range running parallel to the western coast come under these different designations. surely 9. Here the southern the cascade

But

quite easy to identify. falls in the southern portion of the Ghats are, (1) those formed near Kutt?lam ; and (2) those by the little stream Ghatan?, and P?pa the called P?uipan, B?nat?rtham, T?raraparn?, by But either of these would be far to the north of the n?sam. to the parrot, who is to take Cape Comoriu route described en route. There is also another reason to suspect that the above two series of falls are not meant. should q^Ic^ surmise case, be taken Vmtl m^mf^lf*m<iW[, commentator considers place. But my in own this The poet's words, into account. The

portion is Sahya. indicated by the word t^?^l^T? is not The two well-known series of water

a indicates merely change of " the other is that it means is also West.

side," which, which comes Hence

I the mountains. of There is a fall, though very small, slopes called Olakka Arivi (Pestle fall), in the Asambhu sub-range, has of not far from Cape Comorin. Poetical imagination the tiniest of things. course the licence of magnifying
10. These Sabaras are the Mongolian mountain races who

^f^T^?, Now, means Western. from the same source as Ti^TIc^, think the poet refers to some fall on the western

are found all along the range of the Ghats, having a par ticular name at each place, such as Todas, Badagas, Irulas, Vedas, K?nis, etc. Y?lm?ki, alludes, in his ll?m?? Mannans, yana, to a Sabari, who entertained Rama with her fruit and in these parts in search of the root fare, in his peregrinations lost S?t?. The women of these mountains wear necklaces of the seeds of as described here. *J$n (Adinantha Patonia) 11. The word W!U^R*( in this stanza throws a flood of on the subjects of land tenures, the proprietary rights, light and tenants, sovereign rights of relative positions of Jannies now occupy the serious atten temple corporations, etc., which tion of statesmen, judges,
8EME8.] 29

arbitrators,

antiquaries,

etc.,

in

VOL. XVI.?[NEW

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434
Kerajam, Whatever

S?KA-SANDESAIjL

= including Travancore. 3fg^?( Brahman-kinged. causes be the and facts of the original Aryan may colonization of Keralam, it is certain that the Br?hmans, the became the lords of the land. All class, priestly templo were created property aggregations by them, and all kings and chiefs originally appointed by them. It would be absurd to maintain are endowments that temple aggregations by or were that the Brahman lords kings, only originally revenue collectors like the Zam?nd?rs of Bengal. Such are held well-intentioned theories, however, by many Eng lishmen. The author of the poem is a disinterested witness

standing at the distance of several centuries back. 12. The legend that J?madagnya or Parasu-r?ma raised or Cape to Kum?r? from Gokarna Keralam, extending from the bosom of the Indian Ocean, Comorin, by the throw of his battle-axe, and colonized it with Br?hmans, is too well known to be detailed here.
13. The reference here is to the well-known Devi or

Durg? temple situated 14. The hill called formation

granite from the sea rising abruptly level and isolated from the spurs of the Ghats. It is ordi or called Marutv?n Indra It Malai is situated Hill. narily some five miles N.N.W. of Cape Comorin and as many miles S.S.E. of Such?ndram, in the next verse. described It is as to be the of the favourite abode avers, poet supposed, Yogis to some 2000 feet

at Cape Comorin. '^'^?^ in this verse

is a bold

and Siddhas for their absorbing of the Divine contemplation Soul in the solitudes of its caverns and breezy ledges. There are two small rock temples?one near the foot and the other a little higher up. The ascent is difficult and precipitous ; but people do go to the very summit. The hill is illumi on the night nated of of the full moon in the month K?rttika. There are two legends about the hill. One is that Indra were a certain and his elephant Air?vata petrified here by in the curse, but were, by virtue of penances undergone Such?ndram liberated. their The hill represents temple, The other is, that it is a bit that dropped petrifuction.

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SUKA-SANDESAIJ. from Oshadhi-saila with which Hanumat was

435

on speeding to revive Lakshmana, who lay pierced by Havana's 6pear. herbs of The hill is therefore supposed to contain medicinal rare virtues. The hill, with its rounded and lichen-encrusted bent configuration, and domes, and its slightly rock-sides not unlike when the the tower of Pisa, has, particularly sun beats on it, a most venerable or ap morning evening Indeed it is so much so that I had often thought pearance. a more name for it than Marutvat, Vriddha-sravas appropriate blow from all sides in its though the strong winds which name not less fitted. the make latter vicinity 15. t|% *fi*nf?T, in this, refers to the boiling butter ordeal which was in vogue till some forty years ago in the great Siva visit. temple the parrot is directed of Such?ndram, which is most strictly among women Chastity enjoined to of

is Br?hmans. if he himself The adulterer, the Namb?ri a Namb?ri is likewise excommunicated and out Brahman, ca8ted. A pseudo-judicial inquiry is held by the recognized on headmen When religious charges of adultery. receiving direct proofs are obtained, the culprits are convicted at once; and yet morally but when direct proofs are not available,
suspicious circumstances exist, the accused man has recourse

to the Ghee This ordeal ordeal to prove his innocence. must in the Such?ndram be performed Ghee is temple. in a small vessel, and a small silver image of the boiled sacred bull is thrown into it. The accused picks this up. is immediately with His hand leaves, wrapped plantain and he is lodged in a place for three days, at the end of on removing if his baud be found unscathed the which, leaves, he is declared innocent, if burnt, guilty. sacrifice and other cruel practices, Along with Sat?, Nariya it was on Manu's this barbarous custom, founded though humane the influence dictum, was happily away swept by of the British referred to. Government. It is in every probability the Agrahara is the most flourishing of the Brahman now there are there Even Travancore. their daily Agui-hotra. 16. Vativ?svaram

in South villages several Br?hmans who perform

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436

SUKA-SANDE^AIJ.

is the name given here toTriv?ndram 17. Sy?nand?ra-puram to more It is, according or, properly, Tiru-ananta-puram. names in to different four said have had the local Pur?na, Ananda in Krita, the four Yugas. Sy?nand?ra-puram Padman? in and in Tret?, puram Dv?para, Ananta-purara this are : The stanzas indicating bham in Kali.

^iiniqTftrafff wv*. *nft ^^w q^qw *RfagSi qrcr? qiq^ifni^i

i 11

it is the Dv?para title that is most commonly used However, to the ?prefix Tiru being equivalent now, viz. Ananta-puram, the proposition Sr? (^?Y) usually placed before Hindu names. or holy in 18. Several exist T?rthas, bathing-places, such as, Sa?kha, Padma, P?da, Var?ha, N?ga, Triv?ndram, etc. But Sakra, Chakra, Dharm?dharraa, Pitri, Agastya, now cannot identified. be described in the Pur?na many 19. Tho of K?paka (^qqi) was, kingdom called K?yankulam. It was conquered of Travancore in the middle is said of A called Kattola in ordinary and annexed the eighteenth been the

parlance, by the king century.

place That kingdom went also by the capital of that kingdom. name of came within it. Quilon Jayatungan?el. 20. Kojamba is the modern Kollam or (Anglicized) Quilon. on the In the old annals of the Roman Catholic missions as we coast of meet with Malabar such phrases "Bishop the current era of the whole Kolanlba.,, The place gives era commenced In coast. in 825 a.d. The Kollam Malabar the southern half of Malabar the year begins on the 15th As in and in the northern on the 15th September. August, most matters the truth lies between extremes, and antiquaries have found out that the true date of the era is the 2oth of August. 21. In a land so much artificial navigation intersected by natural rivulets to identify is it difficult channels, and the

to have

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S?KA-SANDESAH.

437
It may, of Kallada in all pro and Ittik

two rivers

to the rivers bability, kara, or two branches of one or the other. is the modem Tiruvall?, 22. Vallabha Grama (^STOWl) some miles There is a large Vishnu of N.N.E. Quilon. thirty a Br?hmans. and of Malay?li settlement temple here, large The Deity here is adored at different parts of the day as Brahmach?r?, Grihastha, V?naprastfra and Sanny?s?.

(f*f*J9^I*0 have reference

here mentioned.

23. f?&rcft (Bimbal?) refers to the two kingdoms of Tekkank?r and Vatakkank?r (^T??;f^^ and ^f^Hjf^f
^ft), also conquered and incorporated with modern core in the The descendants century. eighteenth chiefs are pensioners of the Travancore Government. yam (Kottayam), of England Mission the well-known Travan of those Cotta

head-quarters in Travancore, is within three kingdoms. The large lagoon to the west of Kottayam is called Vemban?t a is and of Vemban?t Bimbal?n?t. lake, corruption 24. This word would naturally point to some fll'^toR;. I would have put it island in the rivers and estuaries. in the islet of P?tir?-Manappuram down for the modern lake. But a learned friend suggests either a place Vemban?t near Chang?naseri or Tal?-kotta near called Chitrakkatavu an It neither is is island. what though puzzling Kottayam, the poet means by making this place surrounded or fortified by large elephants. is one of the branches of the M?v?llu 25. The river xjfiirT It is river. It was on the locally called P?r?r river. pural reformer Sa?kara banks of this river that the great Hindu was born. The Vishnu Ach?rya temple described here is the modern capital of Cochin State. that at Trippunittura, 26. Here, the learned Brahman referred to by the name ^?UW> house of Puliyann?r Namp? of the village Veiijan?t. lord There is ripp?t, or K?rttikeya's also a Subrahmanya's temple near the house, to explain the double meaning of the verse. The members belonged a Brahm?n
r pronounced as in thirst, first, etc.

of the Church

to

the

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438
of

SUKA-SANDESAIJ. chief T?ntrika northern priests in several

this house are still the temples of note. is the 27 and 28. ^J?? river. The temple Alv?y dedicated to ?iva. It is a the 108 holy Siva-Sthalas Hf?^q'-?R; the Pommais,

or of Periy?r alluded to is Tiru-Vafichi-kulam, place of great note, and is one of branch to ?ivites was of Southern India. the ancient

sacred

capital of (Mahodaya-puram) was of whorn the most Cher?m Perum?l It celebrated. The city was built by Mahodaya Perum?l. is no longer a place of any importance, and even in the poet's time must have long past its meridian. Perum?l to the legend of the coronation of Cher?m successors his and among predecessors of the 64 Brahman corpora by the representatives village tions which Parasur?ma created. Some of these men were refers and others authorized to bear arms, and were consequently of deprived of studying the privilege the Vedas. 30. ^TO'^f?'?r?i't is only a synonym for Tiru-Va?chi-kulam, the Saiva temple alluded to in Note 27. The Sanskrit name of Travancore is Va?chi. How that name comes to be the root of the name of a celebrated Saiva temple so near the 29. This

is a suggestive acknowledged capital of Cher?m Perum?l to solve. question for antiquaries 31. The Devi or Chandik? here referred to is of qr^qr^TO or Kotungall?r or (Anglice) Cranganore. In the very next verse the parrot is directed to Guna-puram, the poet's home, and the subject of Note 1. 32. The allusion in this verse refraction observation of gems would of Nature. point to rainbows to the produced poet's by the of powers

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SUKA-SANDESAIJ.

439
on the S'uka-sandesah B.A., by of

Selections

from

the

Sanskrit edited

Commentary Shy?maj?

Kerala-varm?, Balliol College,

hy Fandit

Khishnavarm?,

Oxford.

*fh*^ w. I \fn=^^towj^ttw

Verse 1.

= I4ftp^

I3TTTSW= T?3 W^ftft N^ *t^

i ^^^t^rnre%

fasai g^^H^^sfr?^

win. ^Hiq*su*it tt^f fairot

mFt? lierre **r?*n*?T

f^r?:f?TOTf^Tir^ff^T: firengf^i HffWre: i 2.

= fa I ftW. *%*t f*FrpM^ HU? ^OTTOfaft **Trlft;fcT *$K i f^rcrf t ^n^rr^: (^ra)m WMkjbA: ig*4 ?t???^-'?it^ f?I (Pan. i. 4, 34) *TO^IiT*R, I?^ITp?4Nl<sN*?t ^?nniTfir %ffi (Pan. i. 3,23) ci^ i^ro: .=fcnr??? I ^igri: = *rffri: if^

3. ^n*?rH3 ^^ wr: = turrar,

= ^TRc? qnftfil I TR = *?fa*T 1^^/?T<t i ^t?i=^r^^#M i *recftwisrR*ref*

i ere^ra^iNw y?f?? ?i?sr?:i 7iTfw=^ *nr? if^^m=%T^^

= i

^^^urr:

= JnurefarorT i murr:

*re^5r*r?r3=??T?fsfi?T?T^n^i?^ vr i (Pan. vi. fwf^Wf?piT

fa^fa" xfa 4,157) ^rn?$*rm*n mpror? "i^towI 1 TOimra: ^ *re% qmrift=WRraroir? ^?w^rit unrest: srp^rr?ui W^T?A ^r I?o? (Pan. v. 2,1). ^rft:

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440

SUKA-SANDESAIJ.

= 5. ^^1 I*fi**?n ^q???l^*(q.qsrfqa?"PP^ *"$fa^?fa i i ?Tt^q ?T?n?*i?eKf^^nt,<tTJn? ^^^?? w&s=?jrhsi Tf??iq:i 6. ?jq ngqqsginnirtji ?? qra?*T?/r??T?i. qr? *n forain; ? gsqti^i ?jajf?w fq?5qa T**"*flH **fl"f"<fii **nsn=m<? = ?T^T ?j5l?> I "4?; I*l*%H!=fq:"|.qm I 7. ijrcngT ciT?^T*f i tr^m:=?^mfa i?twi:=i?r. i??^T=fafa^T i qn?*c^:=?1r??? ?3[t: i?wc^to** ?Tf?^iqt=q?*q%: i?w^i1r*4tsiT4T *cfa "tfrtwmtt ?f?[

" 2>25) 8. If? iffij ^ fl^r*r-?i?1^3?frrf^?T (p?l>^^q\f^:, ?snftft v. ^??TOpa: ?|pT jfH (P?n. 4, 73) ?^^^^^^^***?**" *nqfq?Tq: i f?rq??T^tfq??fq ?^rfa?f wi^? i u3fa?? i fqn*n?:=fa*C5: i l fa*q*qq*n"ifofq fqTTf??!? faf ^r?faTTi^m 9. ?ff^f??f?T?n?T:

fmm ?t ?ct ??reroq^ani fa?a ^?fa^fafa?^: xqq^qaf?:

? 10. n^ ?r?qgr? wqrfq it:= ?i<t.Trqta*? ?qwqqan? " i *?n?r*s:=?^"si?: i?*i^? g=q.w nqar?: i q<t wf?: "Wifar ^qaT i ^?% ig "fw% ???$ii?ti?4i qaf?Ttw w i "***l^ ?,wn?^fa?"*f?f??w , 11. fa^qqr?=_qf^qr? | qj?| = fq?T?W? f%?\*n *t 'qT fa ^T*5^TJ fl[qfaT Iq?q= q?T+Uq *TW=?r?lT-Tiq ?*q^:" i Tsefa^^7?*^ i tq^"*i? Tfa **wi?. ^*n=fqqT?T 12. f?t??*fT?i7tf? i sra?pq:=?*n*u (P&n."i-1, 70) iga?fq W> I ^1? ?

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f?UKA-SANDESAIJ.

441 i fq

13. q^=n?it

?t?:

i qfaijft=?^f???'f?"*T?rq? i *wm = I ^>*Tf? ?F* ^^3*1j

faa?^aT=qtt?aqqqq ?s = 14. ^nfar? m^lft

^T"

15. $^:=firqfro^fi!q*?i

i%=^n-i?(grqt^fT^fn

(P?n. ii. 3, 71) *|ft l HIH?*IH=1*T9il#'l I 16. fqf?TT?T-?qfq cR ^Hlft JWWI XWV$ I Wg^m[=^

| (P?n. iii. 1, 17) qqf?: ^ i 17.^ ii^ri^n qfsf wro***^ ww-oth^? ^fq^c?fan? = Hfo%? I Hqpw = VH?i: If^^Ti= {fN? Vit ??TI qf^-q^ 18. w i f*Npro=-1^ ? ^n-mq^nT^ ^rfag^qrOffl 19. wr? wra-n=yr: xirg^r(P?n. g*r: f?sraT i^*?H^ iii. 4, 22), frft4tap?tft1?T (P?n. viii. 1, 4) f-?^rq^ | 20. * * fM5wRTf*i4iit^tw?* ^q? ?K^ifa i h^? 21. ^wg?q?!?rar??fq ^w$wRf%Hfqr?cft(^f = i i qrr: *ftiqn^T:=?*afqt[qT: -Hfwqrr^-?mfi 22. ^g= i -sfsr

(P?n. i. 4, 90) ^g^^^cq?^^W^HTrf^qT Wt: r?WTO4\r? wfa*pq4f?f?! (P?n. ii. 3, 8) f^T-fan I = 23. *f^fwft | T^T*T3ft = TT% I *f?

24.r?^=^JCtfftq
^TTR^??Wr^T^T fq^

j ^?t?tI:

^ tf?m shtot

irm
*tot

(P?n. v. 4, 134) f-fif fq^

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442 25. ^ r?:-nrcrai$:

SUKA-SANDESAIJ.

f?roqu?f r?ift i

iwtn^fa:=i^T^f*:

i ^?r

26. ^re^^nfaanf^faifalNTO'i*iiJT mita?, i

iTfwfr.T'n:

27. ^^t^t SR^T?rnftji ??tJiftjJm^lTjftt 1RT?faf^fH (P?n. iii. 2, 162)y^| ^fa

28. sr^vtt=?$f?ra: n?sn:-^r: 3? Tl?<iJ^*ftfA (Pan. vi. 3,

= fav i vnrni: loi) ??i%w< i gflp$=*f*Ti?.; = 29.TO*ttff?$: ?r?raft'l19?rf'tftft: 30. ?^f3rantf?Wi =

i i ^f??.

= gWTOT<r?Uro(IWBR ?WTftM van*, i *r^rflr=TTP^jfa i 31. unRrni:=grim: 32. 11^110**;= i wqr?g=?19*^)3 t^TTTrg^urm 1

1 isti^ttc:=vrfr

33.

^3^1=irajta

1 qr?anro=*.?pwl

1 qrrrftnsrrwr ? reluit f rfa^V

iTfl^ ^nf?q?T'?if^qiT'?tlaqftgwfturt 34. <s-f 3R^it

1 ^<JNrn ^TO=wwraif^pprc 1 g?n#m:=gwrnftiTro^

1

35. wf?raf?ft=narrai
*ini*rTWt=gr<5,t'irTO:

36. wr mtM? 37. w ^ft^rn?!

i%irr?

1f?ig%= ?nrj)

. 1 *r??*n%:=

fipr%^?n?fa*?tafa3ni

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STJKA-SANDESAH.

443 13*rt %^T^rg=3n? *t *^ VW

38.

*j ci5 figsrm;=Omnf^fti^uiTR: I ^W*

I 3iT%
39. ^frrfrR = ^sfa ^^fun^i^T^^w?ftre 40. $Ti^:=ircnmTO
^HT^^n* i

fa^WTOfq

*rec?\cir?: i i iffa^ift:=gT^.T*^f*i*n: gfu

= 41. %?tn^: = 13reft: i3^^3: i ^*f5m: = = 42. tirT% IW^f ^ WW^ f^^H^ ^ 43. <nw^:==^^^iT: i cif%r^^:-*3TfTwta | (Pan. iv. 1, 54) ^ ^inf^f?? 44. fnt wun*g%: nT^Tfg^rs^g:=w*re?

ft%

WV I Tft?fa
= *nflhi: 45. in%^: = f?*rre5Ri i i!T3^w m^ iv. i 3, t^: n^i "J{i? (Pan. 17) jfil w^nf^finfii ^ 46. ip?

= 3\upn ^ptoi : nftra?Bi ^un^f fTfrjire: = v. | 1 ^UJUTfaf??(Pan. 2, 26) ^h^[ T^? ^^ gfif:
47. ^T^*re^=^RTH ^R I *?t ^ HrrT?^^c^'flB

r?^?l f^ftm \ r?TO*tfta3IT?t TOTf^T (Pan. i. 4, 90) TUT! m *j?t=*rK*g?1 m^ftn Jfa (Pan. vi. 4, 74) ^^T*I?TO 48. ^nf^f^R:= ^nfq^rr^gxrRTfH^: 49. 1 Tft^gsr:=fsr?uifw? irai=^ui 1 ^fa=wra 1 m^%:=3 i

fft:i
fQfcI (Pan. vii. 2, 50) ^ Iff ?rfsift |

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444

?UKA-SANDESA#.

51. *$^in^*( = ^njjta-^jf??itanf^ai 1 158) qn*fH

(P?n. m

2,

1 52. tai?=fqg^a^T 1 fqgqi?=?tag?rfw? 63. ^T?^T = 5T?TS?T TTOTT ?-3q*fl*n*i=iftfX. I 54. w?%^Tgi^g<*i q#ans w**TO=?g?^ 1 1 ^nrcsifag=tq?5?Tf?g w^?m?T:=iirer?w 1 1q.ra?=uTa:-^w*atf?it?1?i?"faT q?gT?n=^q 55. 56. ^|Tnfa*nfaq>=*aT??T^t<fST v*C!rcnr?n"<: 1 1qr???f?q5T= I

57. fa?*jf??=?^t5qcr?; 15^TOTO9r?r**ft'=:,'ft 1 1 ^g*rrt?:=qi!pTOT*i: gT^^f?^fa^: 58. fq^g|^=^\?fgiqq; | q?q^ q?&OT=?<? ^W^:
59. 1 ^iTifqqqi^T:=astral ??tal

igr|inft:=<3a,q.f*qa?>:

1 5 <Sqq>q? ?t^Tfa^t *^%

I Iqf??^?=H?^;?. fa??*i qiT*aK"r??=qq^^q at fa qifam tq?n??vi^T ?ftm: gjin ?f??T t?*^ fat jqwT^it q?r?? 1'*e,a^?K?:= ???-fa?ffi.*R*fo 3.?t?ra: 1 61. fa^%:=ni?R*?: 1 ^?^TqK?:=^!??TqT??/a?;i 1 1 ?^rq?^:=fa fa?jq?^aTqT ?rfaq.= ? 60.

^qn?:=?^?tq$??**Tf*af?: 62. qjsrr?=tfUTW? ?3>?

sia^rf^qiTx:'!!? 1 63. ^m g3T??T?T*4itfq^nrgT?* ?f?qT^?f?i ?*q% 1

1 64. fafar??=<3snit ?*?; ^ 1 ^3^n=q,q?? ?gfat?a 1 ^ ?t 1 ^sr?n.=*sTO^?. w ?rrj?:=?w?fT^i?Tqi^?

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SUKA-SANDESAH.

445 if$s(w=? i w
? *r

writ BTq^n^t wm\

tft-qqq i f^^nr=^T^i i tf=*ftrft

??mT i
65.^*=*tfipiT:
^fj =

i*tft=w*r:
fq*frn:

= -t?^r: i f-qf^nqr: ^q?:

i ^?mq?*rr: =

*q: f^^T*rnjft%

^q:gxiiT^rn:

^q^am

^-jfc^frcifT

66. ^th: #^ ^^:==^^T^gii?%:--O?^^H?t = = I (P?n. viii. 3, 89) -q^R | ^7%: qi^l?: Vf^. W^ 67. fwrrr: ^^t urn? uy* wt$t *i^tw?t

Tfa I **ff*rr

i****iTO=wtTiw i ^f^qr?fr??reT 68. ^tT-?I? vtftV ^T\TMi f^f??-^^fTWlfarrl (Pan. v. 3, 35) T^n rf?f^TO^ | ^ffR^Wr? *?fi?l^*ftqi 69. n^ = ^*p*f^T*n*l
70. 71.

I *jgf*f$: = ^^TTHg#:
I T^W-r? = qiT^^T^I^ *T^-qT^ I

^^T-H= *^W^=

f*r?*n*t f^^W

T{$t -q-3-?T %frT (Pan. i

ii. l, 18)

-^rq^Hre:

i with?^

= <ii : wnig*iqi%:

m^m ^3 ?} jtt?t ^mft?re^*nT^p-fcn: = 1*ft*i#: vm^: 1 ^-mqq-qifr TT*n 73. *3rfa$ = ^^rffi^qi^qi pjw *Kfa 1 i^rqT?: = ^rg:i 74. ^fin^=^?T41f^^: 1*y^: =toto 1 *n

72. ^^wt:

1^tw ^qi^^r^Twrqt

q^-s^r:

-h-hth:?

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446

S?KA-SANDESAIJ.

i. yn q -?^tfa: ^t%^qsT3^ ^Xm f?ffat ^aiTrTm?^T

wS^f?? i *ft^<iT*rnH;=

?iW^f?? (P?n. iv. 4, 94) wnj

2. ^t?w.=in^^sn?.!*!:iw?w^%i=^ut 6. = ?g*fai>!i: i 9T*ft^:-TOftitTOr4T: faT*!n%it 3qt mfo i i

?piiiT-

9. ^^r^p?T iq^Pf?t wnft q^iOr

w: w^r. ^mm^ ^ i *w<i qr?re ^^tOt ^ ^q^

10. g?(*fn_re=f^rit mam ??ret qnf*?.R:-^T*n (P?n. ii. 4, 22) *.g*ps??fl; i

Tfa

<_ 16. X^l^f f?TCIUTf^t ^ift?^N

i ^uhtfcT ^tsR^UT wfr

1 I ^cft*TC1 rTci; ^tiffilift: 21. ^W Wl^t^Tit ^^^fc? TOTC==*?fft I 1 ^T^Ul *;^u? ^reiT^^nr:Tvmm *rw *ftm * x^ *ttj: ***: i 27. ^^it2pB ?w?: gw^ ^ *r ^rito:=vnw?taro: i

r?gra ipnftOw

faw m^^^^??toi^tsr

i
l

30.TOfa=in%ipi l i f^%=7Rtff? ^:=*fir: i ^n^if^T=i^f'f? i f b*i u*ivrtfwn: 32. ?fr{iran=ff^<t i i f^wfffi^Jpipro cR=^1^1*1^1 35. q^?m^m=^nrwCT?qr f^ff^m

Tfininj

*rf^m i**r??

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S?KA-SANDESAI?.

447

37. ^f^:=^in?\^Tt:-^gqnqi^1 qin (P?n. v. 3,76). f^qiilf^^fIT= qil^q)^r1T I = ^T^qft 41. ^fqKc?f?t: = ^rc!i,qg%: I I ^^^^ i Wt: Ts*q ^qqns^nrf^^t:=vnn
44. ^n^^-ifrir^^-f?-^q l W^q^irarat *im erar i

46. w 48. ^refa

f?^T Tf^ifrsreit ^?^T fr?siff? lfaf = iit^?ftr i f^gq^rram

rTT#= ffR i ^wi==ts | ^y.

^^?TO?*?VW?t 54. ^ sni 57.

W^ipi ^ft%f?? (P?n. i. 2, 59)

M*TrT^fNf?i^ frrqcl^WT^T^^tn^q^-H^qi i Hi-^^fac-raftra: *ns mf ip i firsts*rt *qg*q ^^ ngt *tot t^t i -a^ftiTfir w-t=^?fip; \

58. tftaTOT i^^fa?N=Tr??N

<T?i=3re?
59. ^fri:

i%?t:=TT??%Ht: i?
i
\$ 4t~

i ^q^:=f3**rrTq*?
=__ ^rqfrTWT^^

itfq?n^=r^n^it -ht^: I

I ^clfqi^f^ciy^-ciq

tnti: *ro^ uq ^?ffr ^T^ T^

" ?T ^T^T^^?IfTtrT (P?n. vii. 3, 107) f^t ^ **qfrTc-TOTfa " fqn: gnsfa I g*j i (Bhatti vi. ii) ^n^rnre tot^i
62. ^T^^^^^=^^Tf^IigTT^~??f?Tliriq-qi? \fH (Pan.

v. 4, 21) ?ros |^f^qn^tW^*-^ I 64. ^fa3%=^faqi^M?$ I%=Flt W^l-^^*q^^ | ^ fTTfilfi! (P?n. ?. 3, 52) 66. it: i *^rt h^ttwt mm*n
^q ^:

ft^qt

^qf^Bi

^q^%^

uhu? ^"WR^^-^HT^ft

i ^^ftdcfT^T:=wn^t*^

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448

SUKA-SANDESA^.

= ^fwf^^n^^?t^^rWW^R?^re: 70. ^f^nfmf^R I iq?^rffr='WtE^f7TI (P?n. ii. 1, 6). T*fofa ^^T^UR 71. *?ff ??\nT^Tf^=^m??n^M?: = ^^UrKft^THlt i **?q^w1w*n^ (P?n. i. 4, ^q-^^J^SmRTfafrT

34)^m^Fn^tftfT i
= icajn^I-Tjsimm 73. % ^fr^ = ^cHnT^q% | H^rr?H f?W ?f<{ (P?n. v. 4, 91) Z^, qrfflTOt?TO'trit?'r T^ (P?n ii. 3, 5) fgfffan Iq3^:~^mft^faf?? ^TIFm; I 77. ^^= (P?n. i. 4, 25) ^RT

^a fR ^* I cTCl^l ift^H^Tf ^1 ^t?^T?T = Hf?r?f*cT I ^^t^SRTTVftr I*^<^B 79. im fw^^prro i^fHijTii'pgTf ^^Tf *^$g

^ g^st
82.

?r?siraf?? ^jspftfa riTf^ i

^iRnf:=fqf*TOn: 1^=^^^:-*nft*rwr^

I ^ (Pan. ii. 3, 38) ^frl 85. ^^=^^|^f%fifT=^^uil^^^^^%:=in^'RiT:i i 86. 1W m H^3iirsR^iiq^^?TfHt|T?fHqHf^fh *PflET H^ar?: I

f*nft?=

i f\x.m%m tH^tnar^: i ^?3pwriTH=^r.T** 88. fq?JTM=tqf?>^=,3r^f?TTRfl. I 1J5:=H^TfT, | ^nl^

wl:=^fq^lqrsigirajqflrr:

i 3ta=*f<iii3rw with:

1 u

ti Tft ^q?ir^a{^i<sfii?igT.^%r:

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S?KA-SANDESAH. Appendix The Five There most exist in the Palace 5^ A.

449

Sandesas.

celebrated

Library five ^?^yjl?, besides the and the less known of K?lid?sa, "fiq?of I had the honour lately. They of submitting are aMS.

Lakshm?-d?sa, with commentary

of which added

(1) *TH'H-l^j:,

(2 and 3) two quite different tf-tfR^lft, (4) 'qTf?^^'ii:, is a ^T?c?qi: and (5) Mtn^l^Q:* (?)messenger sent ^W:
to a city which the author N?r?yana from Cape Comorin etc. All these, calls except the^ ^^q\, *J^IT:, ^qq^, of the of the renowned Ve?katesa, Vaishnavas, Ved?nt?ch?rya are productions It is impossible of poets born in Malabar. is the author of N?r?yana, -IJHI-H^II, same most popular and well-admired author of Trfqi-qi-yq-^H, etc. But the hitter's Wcfqn?q*-t, ?TRT^qtljYsn-t, exceeding to determine whether

simplicity of style is not perceptible in ^HTO?^.

is the first stanza :

This

*vi

f^Tr: ^nwrcpi:

-sfw-nf?f?rcrraT:i

^?^T-Hcff% ^%
The manner celebrated the author

^tfq qrnftfaire

too modest to boast in the ?n^TO?I-Hg is of 'Subhaga-sandesa* has done in this

last sloka:

n-^rrmf^ fawftft

im& *te Oti% ^f*re**t i qifq**rfq ^^T^vi-Hi^^qn^-ii

The subject of all these Sandesas (one of the two Hansa and Ch?taka-sandesa is 'Love,' that sandesas, excepted)
vol. xvi.?[new series.] 30

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450
backbone The of poetry.

S?KA-SANDESAH. The

are almost similar. arrangements of the lover his sweetheart, his from separation of some messenger, accidental meeting offering him hospi of the towns, villages, rivers, mountains, tality, description between the destination and the spot where etc., intervening sudden

is despatched, the messenger and the nature of the are as in the masterly almost tho same message, prototype " of Sandesas, the Megha-duta." The "Hansa-sandesa" by is in the usual form of this class of poems. Ve?katesa Its : first and last slokas are the following from

wi^ri?i

*mi fT*f?fiff^m^: *wft

TOTO?
qf^04

?TOft f^HI^Tt^Wrf Oft? i

*s ^fq^f :*<\m *rff*nf*r:

i n%ift* yfi*mfain uto ^Irit *<ftrr:

The

other

" Hansa-sandesa,"

whose

author's

name

could

not

The some that is subject probable has written rival poet of the Vaishnava this, Ved?nt?ch?rya a N?taka as he (the Ved?nt?ch?rya) named has composed " tomatch the Prabodhachandrodaya." "Saiikalpa-s?ryodaya" The beginning and concluding slokas of tho philosophic found out, is quite of one. is a philosophical It
are subjoined.

be

a different

nature.

Hansa-sandesa

Hum ^^T^*r2PTf fan^ptft fmw 1

%^nri? annr yw *rarararo *itoh 1

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SUKA-SANDESAH.

451

trr? qr? *qf^ fa^nn. U^^TI^qTI

#Tl^^faf^gfat^%t^H:
This Ilansa-sandesa

bas a short commentary consist no other of four slokas. The have ing mostly Anushtup at all. commentaries The number of slokas in both the
" Hansa-sanelesas " is the same, viz. 110. " Subhaga

philosophic are divided "Hansa" into two parts, viz. the excepted) and Uttara-sandesas. in all these is The metre P?rva ^qiciqi invariably adopted by writers of Sandesas. Jl^lshln?T, in the order, is a fourth in this of class novelty ^ji^S"(;, a A that lived Namburi, poor Brahman, poems. probahly like many others, flew for in some northern part of Malabar, at that troublous time when Tippu refuge to Triv?ndram, He invaded Malabar. had an interview with (the Namb?ri) but he was ll?ma Varm?, reigning Maharaja to and leave Triv?ndram home without go obliged taking on account of sudden illness. leave of the Maharaja, After seems to he to have submitted this the recovery, poem for It consists 141 of slokas, Maharaja patronage. praying of which the first and last are given below. the then

sandesa"

contains

130.

All

of

these

(the

^w^f<\ wit q?fgci;qiT% TTqiT^tTfcqi(^)T^^q1

qK*nM <J1%

iwiiTf?-nqfa^t qip*^ ^*?? f^*ro?i^qt ift*qq^i*reraH

*j*n;:^T<nn<m i *n^*? q?z*i i

^ -HEWITT qfa*T ^l?qfq Hq ^

^V

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452
Then V?sudeva, name. comes the

SUKA-SANDESArl. The author author of this is

last, HsFRTV^Q" a The Keral?ya Brahman.

of the Yamaka

k?vyas Tjfaf?Tf?^re

and

w called by tho same t^gT^?T>

So also, the author of the UfcR?U?ltI3l called ^.I*p|^ to refers in the beginning which N?r?yana-Bhatta fa*l*l, thus : of his \Jig3RI31,

There
V?sudevas.

is no proof however are 192 in

as to the identity " Bhramara-sandesa,"

of the three and the

slokas first and the last are : There

m$ **^ii^jgvtit ^h% mfn mit i *rr? flfi^ i fast ?tiftg?mt ^tf?i ^rr*ft
^% i (\2Hii*am) n^ciwr it$^i -qui ^r?^fa ^f^ gunit wht: mwt?r tmi. Him i^fa *ifq|5Fg **ft *?fwi: i
resemblance is a striking There " in Suka-sandesa." to those this author in many of tho slokas in It is certain therefore that

author ofWH, has imitated Lakshm?-d?sa, either V?sudeva, u It will be seen how well of Suka," or vice versa. the sixth compares sloka with in "Bhrainara," given hereunder, " the third one in Suka." for instance,

fa? ^ fat*a*HTfa fa^f^wreT:

vmm*. i

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