1

LI NI U
hang my l thit b vn chuyn ngi v hng ho theo phng
thng ng trong cc nh cao tng. Trong nhng cng trnh cao tng thang
my l thit b khng th thiu. Thang my gip cho vic i li trong cc to
nh cao tng d dng hn. Tit kim sc lc v thi gian ca con ngi.
Chnh v vy t khi xut hin ti nay thang my lun c nghin cu, ci
tin, hin i ho p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng.
Nhng nm cui th k XX u th k XXL Nh ng dng nhng
thnh qu ca k thut in t, vi x l vo lnh vc t ng ho mang li
nhng thnh tu to ln. N thay i hon ton b mt ca nn sn xut cng
nghip truyn thng. To ra mt th h my mc thng minh, linh hot. Cng
vi s pht trin ca khoa hc. Thang my ngy cng c hon thin hn c
tc cao, dng m, tiu tn t nng lng.
Trong thi gian hc tp ti trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni ti
c o to c h thng, tip thu c kin thc hin i, tin tin ca lnh
vc t ng ho.
Sau mt thi gian thc tp ti Trng v Tng cng ty lp my Vit
nam. c s ng ca thy gio hng dn, Ti c giao nhim v thc
hin thit k n tt nghip:
" Thit k h iu khin logc cho thang my 5 tng "
M ch tp trung nghin cu cc phn chnh sau:
- Gii thiu chung v thang my.
- Gii thiu v cc h truyn ng.
- Tnh chn cng sut ng c.
- ng dng b iu khin kh trnh PLC vo iu khin thang my.
CHNG I
2

GII THIU CHUNG V THANG MY
1.1 KHI NIM CHUNG:
Thang my l thit b chuyn dng vn chuyn ngi, hng ho...
theo phng thng ng v theo mt tuyn xc nh. Thang my c
dng trong cc to nh cao tng, trong cc nh my hin i... Thang my
xut hin rt sm, t cui th k XIX n c dng trong cc nh my
cng nghip, cc cng trnh xy dng ln vn chuyn hng ho v vt
liu xy dng....Vn nan gii nht i vi thang my l an ton. Cho
nn thang my thi by gi cha c dng ch ngi. Ch n khi mt
k s ngi M tn l OTTS (Ngi sau ny thnh lp nn hng thang
my ni ting OTIS ELEVATOR Co.) ch to c h thng phanh an
ton cho thang my th lc thang my mi c ch ngi trong cc
tng nh cao tng.
Thang my ch ngi ra i l mt phng tin giao thng tuyt vi
cho cc to nh cao tng. N gii quyt c bi ton giao thng cc k
kh khn cho cc cng trnh cao tng. c im vn chuyn ca thang
my so vi cc phng tin vn chuyn khc l thi gian vn chuyn ca
mt chu k nh. Tn sut vn chuyn ln, ng m my lin tc.
Ngoi ngha vn chuyn, thang my cn l mt trong nhng yu t
lm tng v p, tin nghi ca cng trnh. Nhiu quc gia trn th gii
quy nh i vi cc to nh cao 6 tng tr ln phi c trang b thang
my. m bo cho ngi i li thun tin, tit kim thi gian v tng
nng sut lao ng. Tuy nhin vi nhng cng trnh c bit
nh: Nh my, Khch sn, Bnh vin., mc d s tng < 6 nhng do yu cu
phc v vn cn c trang b thang my.
Thang my ch c ca bin p, sang trng, thng thong, vn hnh m th
cha iu kin a vo s dng. M phi c y cc thit b an ton
m bo tin cy nh: in chiu sng d phng, in thoi ni b, chung
bo, b hm bo him...
Thang my l mt thit b vn chuyn i hi tnh an ton nghim ngt
v lin quan trc tip n tnh mng con ngi. VI vy yu cu chung vi
3

thang my: Khi thit k, ch to, lp t, vn hnh, s dng v sa cha phi
tun th mt cch nghim ngt cc yu cu v k thut an ton c quy nh
trong cc tiu chun, quy phm.
1.2 PHN LOI THANG MY:
1.2.1. Phn loi theo cng dng:
. Thang my ch ngi trong cc to nh cao tng:
C tc trung bnh hoc ln. i hi vn hnh m, an ton v m
thut.
2. Thang my dng trong cc bnh vin:
m bo tuyt i an ton, vn hnh m. Thi gian di chuyn nhanh
nhm p ng cc nhu cu c th ca bnh vin. Ngoi ra kch thc ca bin
phi ln cha bng ca hoc ging ca bnh nhn cng vi bc s,
nhn vin v cc trang thit b i km.
3. Thang my trong hm m x nghip:
p ng c cc iu kin lm vic khc nghit trong mi trng
cng nghip nh: Tc ng ca m, nhit , thi gian lm vic ln, n
mn do ho cht.
4. Thang my ch hng:
c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip n i hi yu cu cao v
dng chnh xc ca bin. m bo vic vn chuyn hng ho ln xung d
dng.
1.2.2. Phn loi theo ti trng:
- Thang my loi nh: Q < 500kg.
- Thang my loi trung bnh: Q = 500 -T- 2000kg
- Thang my loi ln: Q > 2000kg.
1.2.3. Phn loi theo tc di chuyn:
- Thang my chy chm: V = 0,5
m/s
- Thang my tc trung bnh: V = 0,75 --1,5 m/s
- Thang my cao tc : V = 2,5 -
T- 5 m/s.
4

1.3. CC YU CU I VI THANG MY:
1.3.1. Yu cu v an ton:
i vi thang my yu cu v an ton l quan trng nht. Nht l thang
my ch ngi v n lin quan trc tip ti tnh mng con ngi. m bo
an ton cho thang my lm vic th mi b phn ca thang phi c m bo
theo cc tiu chun an ton ca nh nc. Gia phn in v phn c kh phi
c kho lin ng cht ch. Cc b phn c kh phi tho mn iu kin an
ton th phn in mi c php hot ng. m bo an ton bung thang
phi c treo bng nhiu si cp. Cc si cp phi c cng nh nhau.
phng trng hp xu nht, thang phi c trang b phanh an ton, c
nhim v dng thang khi thang vt qu tc cho php hoc khi cp treo b
t.
1.3.2. Yu cu dng chnh xc bung thang:
Bung thang phi c dng chnh xc so vi mt sn ca tng cn
dng. Nu bung thang khng dng chnh xc s gy kh khn cho hnh
khch ra vo. Lm tng thi gian dn n gim nng sut ca thang. i vi
thang vn chuyn hng ho, dng thang khng chnh xc s gy kh khn cho
vic bc xp. Nhiu trng hp khng th thc hin c vic bc xp hng
ha.
1.3.3. Yu cu v hn ch git ca thang:
Mt trong nhng yu cu c bn i vi thang my ch ngi l phi
m bo cho bung thang chuyn ng m. Bung thang chuyn ng m
hay khng ph thuc vo gia tc khi ng v hm dng.
Tc di chuyn trung bnh ca thang quyt nh n nng sut ca thang.
Tc c th thay i bng tng hoc gim thi gian hm m my.
Nhng khi gim thi gian hm, m my gia tc ln s gy kh chu cho
hnh khch nh: Git mnh, chng mt, nght th...
Gia tc ti u cho thang my l: a < 2 m/s
2
. Gia tc ti u m bo nng
sut cao khng gy kh chu cho hnh khch c a ra trong bng sau:
5


1.3.4. Cc yu cu khc:
- Thang my lm vic ch ngn hn lp li nn yu cu thit b
ng ct mch lc phi lm vic an ton, chc chn v chu c tn s
ng ct cao.
- Ngi s dng thang my hu ht khng c chuyn mn v thang
my do mch iu khin phi thit k n gin, d hiu. Logic iu
khin phi y , cht ch.
- Thang my c t trong cc cng trnh xy dng nn ngoi tnh
tin nghi, an ton cn phi c tnh thm m cho cng trnh.
1.4. CU TO CHUNG V NGUYN L HOT NG:
Thang my c nhiu kiu khc nhau nhng nhn chung c cc b
phn chnh sau: Cabin v h thng treo cabin- C cu ng m ca cabin -
B hm bo him - Cp nng - i trng v h thng cn bng -
H thng ray dn hng - T in iu khin cng cc trang thit b in
iu khin thang hot ng theo ng chc nng - Ca tng - Ca cabin
cng h thng kho lin ng.
1.4.1 Cu to chung ca thang my ch ngi:
Hnh v 1.1 l s cu to ca thang my, dn ng bng ti in
vi puly cp bng ma st.
1. T in iu khin.
2. B phn hn ch tc .
3. C cu ng m ca.
4. Ca cabin.
5. Sn cabin.
6. Sn tng.
7. Ca tng.
Tham s

l truyn ng
Xoay chiu Mt chiu
Tc thang my (m/s) 0,5 0,75 1 1,5 2,5 3,5
Gia tc cc i (m/s
2
) 1 1 1,5 1,5 2 2
Gia tc tnh ton TB (m/s
2
) 0,5 0,5 0,8 1 1 1,5
6

8. Cp ca b phn hn
ch tc .
9. Thit b cng cp
hn ch tc .
10. H thang.
11. Gim chn.
12,13. Ray dn hng cho
i trng v cabin.
14. i trng.
15. Ging thang.
16. Ngm dn hng.
17. B phn hm bo him.
18. Cabin
19. H thng treo.
20. Cp nng.
21. B ti ko.
22. Bung my.
Hnh 1.1. cu to thang my ch ngi
B ti ko (21) c t trong bung my (22) nm pha trn ging thang
(15). Ging thang chy dc theo chiu cao ca cng trnh c xy bng gch
v b tng. Ch c cc ca vo v ra lp t ca tng (7). Trn kt cu chu
lc dc ging thang cn gn cc ray dn hng (12,13) cho i trng (19) v
cabin (18). Cabin v i trng c treo trn hai u ca cp nng (20) nh h
thng treo (19). H thng treo c tc dng m bo cho cc nhnh cp nng
ring bit c cng nh nhau. Cp nng c vt qua cc rnh puly ma st
ca b ti ko. Khi b ti ko hot ng, puly ma st quay truyn chuyn
ng n cp nng lm cabin v i trng chuyn ng ln hoc xung dc
theo ging thang. Khi chuyn ng cabin v i trng ta trn cc ray dn
hng trong ging thang nh cc ngm dn hng (16). Ca cabin (4) v ca
tng (7) thng l loi ca la sang 1 hoc 2 bn v ch ng m c khi
cabin hon ton dng li. Ca tng v ca ca bin lin ng vi nhau nh
c cu ng m ca (3) t trn nc cabin. Ca cabin v ca tng c trang
b h thng kho lin ng v cc tip im in m bo an ton cho
thang my hot ng. Nu ca tng hoc ca cabin cha ng hn th thang
khng hot ng. H thng kho lin ng m bo ng kn cc ca tng
khng m c t bn ngoi khi cabin ang ng v tr ca tng. i vi
loi ca la ng m t ng th khi ng hoc m cabin, h thng kho lin
ng ko theo ca tng cng ng hoc cng m. Ti im trn cng v di
cng ca ging thang c t cc cng tc hn ch hnh trnh cho cabin.
Phn di ca ging thang l h thang (10). Trong t cc gim chn
(11) v thit b cng cp hn ch tc (9). Khi hng h thng iu khin,
cabin hoc i trng c th i xung phn h thang, vt qua cng tc hn
ch hnh trnh v t ln gim chn. m bo an ton cho kt cu my v
to khong trng cn thit di y cabin, m bo an ton khi bo dng
iu chnh sa cha.
B hn ch tc (2) c t trong bung my (22). Cp ca b phn
hn ch tc (8) c lin kt vi h thng tay n ca b hm bo him (17)
trn cabin. Khi t cp hoc cp trt trn puly do khng
7
ma st m cabin i xung vi tc vt qu gii hn cho php. B hn ch
tc qua cp (8) tc ng ln b hm bo him (17) dng cabin ta trn
8

cc ray dn hng trong ging thang. mt s thang my, b hm bo him
v h thng hn ch tc cn c trang b c i trng.
1.4.2. H thng in ca thang my:
1. Mch ng lc:
L h thng iu khin c cu dn ng ca thang my. C nhim v:
ng m, o chiu ng c dn ng v phanh ca b ti ko. H thng
phi m bo vic iu chnh tc chuyn ng ca cabin trong qu trnh
m my v hm c m, dng chnh xc.
2. Mch iu khin:
L h thng iu khin c tc dng thc hin mt chng trnh iu
khin phc tp ph hp vi chc nng, yu cu ca thang my. N c nhim
v lu gi cc lnh di chuyn t cabin, cc lnh gi tng ca hnh khch v
thc hin cc lnh di chuyn theo th t u tin nh. Sau khi thc hin
xong lnh iu khin th xo b. Xc nh v ghi nh thng xuyn v tr v
hng chuyn ng ca cabin.
3. Mch tn hiu:
L h thng cc n tn hiu vi cc k hiu c thng nht bo
hiu trng thi hot ng, v tr v hng chuyn ng ca cabin.
4. Mch chiu sng:
L h thng chiu sng cho cabin, bung my v h thang.
5. Mch an ton:
L h thng cc cng tc, rle, tip im nhm m bo an ton cho
ngi v hng ho khi thang my hot ng.
1.4.3. Thit b c kh ca thang my:
1. Ray dn hng:
c lp t dc theo ging thang dn hng cho cabin v i trng
chuyn ng dc theo ging thang. m bo cho cabin v i
9

trng lun nm ng v tr trong ging thang. Ray dn hng phi
vng gi trng lng cabin, ti trng trong cabin cng cc thnh phn ti
trng ng khi b hm bo him lm vic. Ray dn hng c lp t hai
bn cabin v i trng. L b phn quan trng quyt nh chuyn ng ca
thang my, khong cch gia cc thanh dn hng khng i qu trnh
chuyn ng ca bung thang khng b rung v to ting n.
2. Gim chn:
L thit b c kh an ton dng hn ch nhng chn ng khi bung
thang hoc i trng h xung vt qu 15% tc gii hn cho php. c
lp di y h thang dng, cabin hoc i trng trong trng hp di
chuyn vt qu cng tc hn ch hnh trnh di. Phi c cng cn thit
gia tc dng cabin hoc i trng khng vt qu gi tr cho php. Gim
chn c hai loi:
- Gim chn l xo:
c dng thng dng cho loi
thang my c tc chm, t
0,5 - 1 m/s.
Hnh 1.2. Gim chn kiu l xo
- Gim chn thu lc:
L loi tt nht thng c
dng cho loi thang my c tc
ln hn 1 m/s.
3. Cabin:
L b phn mang ti ca thang my. c kt cu t nhiu b phn
nh:
Hnh I. 2. Gim chn kiu thu lc
10


- Kt cu chu lc: Khung cabin
- Cc vch che, sn, trn to thnh bung cabin.
Trn khung cabin c lp cc ngm dn hng, h thng treo cabin, tay
n, b hm bo him, ca v c cu ng m...
Khung cabin c m t trong hnh 1.3.
Hnh 1.3. Khung ca bin
Khung cabin gm khung ng (1) v khung nm (2) lin kt vi nhau
bng bulng. Khung ng gm dm trn, dm di c lm bng thp ch
v ni vi cc thanh thp gc bng bulng to thnh khung kn. Khung (2)
nm ta ln dm di ca khung ng (1) to thnh sn cabin. Dm trn ca
khung ng lin kt vi h thng treo cabin (5) m bo cho cc cp treo
cabin c cng nh nhau. Nu cabin c kch thc ln th khung ng v
khung nm cn lin kt vi nhau bng cc thanh ging (8). Trn khung cabin
c lp h thng tay n (7) v qu nm (3) ca phanh an ton. Phanh an ton
lm vic dng cabin khi c tc ng t cp ca b phn hn ch tc
qua chi tit (6) v h thng tay n (7). Ti u ca dm trn v dm di
ca khung ng c lp cc ngm dn hng (4).
4. Ngm dn hng:
C tc dng dn hng cho cabin v i trng chuyn ng dc theo
ray dn hng v khng ch dch chuyn ngang ca cabin v i trng
trong ging thang. C hai loi ngm dn hng: ngm trt v ngm con ln.
Cc ngm dn hng trt c kt cu a dng tu theo hng thang my. Loi
ngm trt c m trt c th t la trn b mt tip xc vi ray dn hng.
M trt c lp trong v gi v c th xoay quanh trc thng ng. M
11

trt thng c lm bng cht do, c u im: khng gy ting n, chu
mi mn tng i tt v gim nh yu cu v bi trn cc b mt ma st.
5. H thng treo cabin:
Do cabin v i trng c treo bng nhiu si cp ring bit nn
phi c h thng treo cabin m bo cc si cp c cng nh nhau.
Ngc li, nu cc si cp c cng khc nhau th si cng s b qu ti
cn si cp chng s trt trn puly ma st rt nguy him. Do c si
chng, si cng nn rnh cp ca puly s mn khng u do h thng
treo cabin c trang b thm tip im in ca mch an ton ngt
in dng trong thang khi mt trong cc si cp chng qu mc cho php.
H thng treo cabin c lp vi dm trn ca khung ng trong h
thng khung chu lc ca cabin. C hai loi h thng treo:
- Kiu tay n: Khi c mt cp chng tay n s nghing i iu chnh
lc cng ca cp. Nu cp chng qu th u kia ca tay n s chm vo
tip im an ton ngt mch in khng cho thang hot ng. H thng
treo kiu tay n c kh nng iu chnh lc cng cp mt cch t ng v
c tin cy cao.
- Kiu l xo:
1. Bulng.
2. ai c.
3. Tay n.
4. Cng tc hnh trnh.
12


Hnh 1.4. H thng treo cp kiu l xo
Trn hnh 1.4 l h thng treo kiu l xo vi 4 si cp. Cc l xo chu nn
v gin ra khi cp chng dm bo d cng cn thit, mt khc chng c
kh nng gim chn. nn ca mi l xo c th iu chnh c. Khi
cp b chng qu gii hn u bu lng (2) s chm vo tay n (3) ngt
tip im (4).
6.Bung Cabin:
L mt kt cu c th tho ri c gm: trn, sn, vch. Cc phn ny
lin kt vi nhau v lin kt vi khung chu lc cabin. Cc yu cu chung
vi bung cabin:
- Trn, sn v vch cabin phi kn.
- m bo bn, cng cn thit lp t cc trang thit b v c cu
ng m ca.
- m bo thng gi tt, c thit b lin lc vi bn ngoi v ca thot
him.
Sn cabin c 2 loi: Sn cng v sn ng. Loi sn cng l sn bt cht
vi khung nm. Loi sn ng c cng dng nhn bit ti trng c trong
cabin ng m mch iu khin theo chng trnh t ca ti trng
cho ph hp.
7.H thng ca cabin v ca tng:
- Cc yu cu an ton i vi h thng ca:
+ cng, bn v c lp t kn kht.
+ C kh nng chng chy.
+ c trang b kho hnh khch khng t m t bn ngoi.
+ C tip im in an ton thang my ch hot ng khi ca c
ng kn
Cc thang my ch ngi hin nay thng dng ca la, ng m t ng
nh c cu ng m ring t trn nc ca bin, c cu ng m gm: ng
c in, hp gim tc, bnh ai ch ng lp trn trc ng c, bnh ai
b ng lp trn trc gim tc -H thng ca cabin (H.1.5)
1. Ca Cabin.
2. Xe con ng m ca cabin.
13

3. Cam ch m ca tng.
4. Puly mc cp ng m ca.
5. Cp ng m ca cabin.
6. Bnh xe ca xe con.
7. Tm kp kp cp vo xe con bn phi.
8. Chi tit c nh u cp vo xe con bn tri.
9. Bulng treo cnh ca vo xe con.
10. Vu ng m ca
11. Ray chy xe con.
12. Tip im in (an ton).
13. Tay n t vo tip im in.
Nguyn l hot ng :
Cnh ca (1) c treo bi h thng xe con (2) bng cc bulng (9). H
thng xe con c gn cc bnh xe (6) c th di chuyn trn ray (11).
Cp dn ng (5) c mc vo Puly (4) v u trn c c nh vo xe
con bi kp (8). Nhnh di ca cp (5) c ni vi xe con bi kp (7).
H thng ca mc nh trn khi cnh ca bn phi ng th cnh ca
bn tri ng v ngc li. Khi m ca ng c m ca c dn
ng qua hp gim tc ti h thng cn gt gt vo vu (10). Khi cn
Hnh I. 6. H thng ca tng.


gt ca h thng ng m ca gt sang bn phi th xe con bn phi cng
cnh ca cabin c m ra. Qua h thng cp (5) xe con bn tri cng
cnh ca bn tri cng c m ra ng thi. Khi ca m hn th cng
tc hnh trnh s ngt ng c ng m ca.
Khi ng ca th cn gt ca ng c ng m ca s gt vu (10) v bn
tri v qu trnh m ca cng nh ng ca. Khi ca ng hn th h
thng tay n (13) s tc ng vo cng tc in (12). Cng tc (12) l
cng tc an ton. Khi ca cabin m n s ngt mch iu khin khng cho
php thang hot ng.
Trn bung thang my c lp cc chi tit m ca tng l cc thanh thp
hnh ch . Khi cabin dng trc ca tng, cc thanh thp ny m ly con
ln trn ca tng tng ng ng hoc m ca tng cng nh ca
cabin. Trn ca cabin hoc ca tng c trang b cc cng tc c kh hay
cm bin quang in khi ca ang ng m gp chng ngi vt th t
ng m ra v sau s tip tc ng tr li.
- H thng ca tng:
15

1. Ca tng.
2. Bulng treo cnh ca.
3. Xe con.
4. Ray chy xe con.
5. Bnh ca xe con.
6. Tay n t vo tip im in.
7. Tip im in an ton ca tng.
Nguyn l hot ng:
Cnh ca (1) c treo bi h thng xe con (3) bng cc bulng (2). Ray
(4) c gn vo thanh dm trn, thnh ging thang. Bnh xe con (5) xe
con c th chuyn ng trn ray (4). Khi cabin dng trc ca tng cc
thanh thp ch m ly bnh xe (5). Khi m th qua h thng cam ch u
bung thang my ca ca tng y v hai pha tng t nh vy. Khi ca
cabin ng, ca tng cng c ng theo. Khi ca tng ng hn cnh
tay n (6) nng ln t vo tip im (7) ng mch iu khin cho ng
c truyn ng chnh.
1.4.4. H thng cn bng trong thang my:
Hnh I. 6. H thng ca tng.










C
a) c -
LC-N

C-N

GT GT
GT
VA
N
CB
C
C
CK
'O'
c) c- GT b) c -
-C-N

w\\\
d) - GT
X
Hnh 1.7. H thng cn bng
17


a,b. Cabin v i trng c - c. Cabin - ging thang c - GT
d. i trng - ging thang - GT C:
Cabin CN: Cp nng
: i trng C: Cp in
GT: Ging thang X: Xch cn bng
CB: Cp cn bng KC: Thit b ko cng cp cn bng
1. i trng, cp nng, cp in, xch cn bng:
L nhng b phn cn bng trong thang my. Mc ch cn bng
vi trng lng cabin v ti trng nng. Vic chn s ng hc v
trng lng ca cc b phn trong h thng cn bng c nh hng ln ti
momen ti trng v cng sut ng c ca c cu dn ng, nh hng
n lc cng ln nht ca cp nng v kh nng ko ca puly ma st. i
trng l b phn ng vai tr chnh trong h thng cn bng ca thang
my. i vi thang my c chiu cao nng khng ln ngi ta thng
chn i trng bng trng lng cabin v mt phn ti trng nng b qua
trng lng ca cp in v cp nng.
Khi thang my c chiu cao nng ln, trng lng ca cp in v cp
nng l ng k ngi ta phi dng cp hoc xch cn bng b tr li
phn trng lng ca cp in v cp nng. Trng lng ca i trng c
th xc nh theo cng thc:
= c + \|/.Q
Trong : C: Trng lng cabin
Q: Ti trng nng danh ngha ca thang my
V/: H s cn bng (0,3 < V/ < 0,6)
2. B ti ko:
Tu theo s dn ng m b ti ko ca thang my c t
trong phng my dn ng nm pha trn, pha di hoc nm cnh
ging thang. B ti ko dn ng gm c 2 loi: c hp gim tc v
khong c hp gim tc.
18


- B ti ko c hp gim tc gm: ng c in, hp gim tc, khp ni,
phanh, puly ma st hoc thang qun cp. B ti ko c hp gim tc
thng dng cho thang my c tc thp.
- i vi thang my tc ln thng dng b ti ko khng c hp gim
tc, puly ma st, phanh c gn trc tip vi trc ng c khng qua b
truyn . Loi ny thng c dng ng c in mt chiu mc theo h
my pht -ng c. Cho php iu chnh v cp tc m bo cabin
chuyn ng m v dng chnh xc. B ti ko puly ma st c s dng
rng ri trong cc loi thang my. N c u im: Do cp treo v i trng
ch vt qua cc rnh cp ca puly ma st, c kch thc nh gn. Khng
ph thuc vo chiu cao nng ca thang my. lm vic an ton do c th
treo cabin v i trng bng nhiu si cp ting bit.
1.4.5. Thit b an ton c kh:
Thit b an ton c kh trong thang my c vai tr m bo an ton
cho thang v hnh khch trong trng hp xy ra s c nh: t cp, trt
cp trn rnh puly ma st, cabin h vi tc vt qu gi tr cho php.
Thit b an ton c kh trong thang my gm 2 b phn chnh.
. Phanh bo him:
trnh cabin ri t do trong ging thang khi t cp hoc h vi
tc qu gi tr cho php . B hn ch tc s tc ng ln phanh bo
him dng v gi cabin ta ln ray dn hng. Tt c cc bung thang
u c trang b phanh bo him. Phanh bo him c ch to theo 3
kiu:
- Phanh bo him nm
- Phanh bo him kiu lch tm
- Phanh bo him kiu km
Trong cc loi phanh trn. Phanh bo him kiu km c s dng
rng ri hn. N m bo cho bung thang dng m hn. Kt cu ca
phanh bo him kiu km c biu din trn hnh 1.8.
Phanh bo him kiu km c lp di bung thang. Gng km (2) trt
theo thanh dn hng (1) khi tc ca bung thang bnh thng . Nm
gia 2 cnh tay n ca km c nm (5) gn vi h truyn ng bnh vt -
trc vt (4). H truyn ng bnh vt c 2 loi ren: ren phi v ren tri.
Cng vi kt cu ca phanh bo him. Bung thang cn c trang
b thm c cu hn ch tc kiu ly tm. Khi bung thang di chuyn s
lm cho c cu hn ch tc kiu ly tm quay. Khi tc di chuyn
19

ca bung thang tng , c cu ai truyn (3) s lm cho tang (4) quay v
km (5) s p cht bung thang vo thanh dn hng v hn ch tc ca
bung thang.
Hnh 1.8. Phanh bo him kiu km
1. Thanh dn hng
3. ai truyn
2. ai km trt
4. H truyn ng bnh vt-trc vt

5. Nm
2. B hn ch tc :
Dng tc ng ln phanh an ton dng ca bin khi tc vt
qu gi tr cho php. B hn ch tc lin h vi cabin v quay khi cabin
chuyn ng nh cp ca b hn ch tc .
20


CHNG II.
CCH LP T THANG MY V C
TNH K THUT CA MT s THANG MY
II.l. CCH LP T THANG MY NH CAO TANG:
Vic la chn thang my ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca ngi nh
ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng. i vi nh cao tng c s lng
hnh khch vn chuyn ln ngi ta thng chia thang my thnh cc
nhm ring phc v theo chiu cao ca to nh. Cc thang my cc
nhm khc nhau c tnh nng k thut khc nhau. Thng cc thang my
phc v cho cc tng cao c ti trng v tc nh mc ln hn cc
thang phc v tng thp hn.
II.l.l Yu cu c bn khi b tr nhm thang:
- V tr thang my phi thun tin cho hnh khch.
- Cc thang cng nhm c tnh nng k thut ging nhau.
- Khng c b tr thang ch ngi v thang phc v cc mc ch khc
trong cng mt nhm.
- Khi s thang ln hn 3. Phi b tr thnh hai hng i din. Khong cch
gia hai hng phi ln cho khch hng i n thang, chiu rng ti
thiu phi bng 1,5 ln chiu su ca ging thang.
- S lng bn phc v cho mi nhm thang khng qu ln, ti a = 25.
- Khi b tr thang hoc nhm thang phc v theo chiu cao ca to nh cc
thang phc v tng trn i qua cc tng di phi c tc cao hn cc
thang phc v tng di.



Nhm 2 thang
Nhm 3 thang
W
L

c
T







r D
C" I z> (
1

f + f
+
1 I ! I









21 Nhm 8 thang

Nhm 4 thang
Nhm 6 thang

+
c_i ___ )
C_| __ )
c^i ___ )
w, w,

f +
+
;
-
Nhm 4 thang
Hnh II. 1. B tr
nhm thang theo
mt bng.



n 20
tng
T 40 n 55 tng
















T 30 n 45 tng


T 20 n 35 tng
1
1

1
2
2
r
T',\ CA AA' OA
Hnh II.2. B tr nhm thang phc v theo chiu cao.



11.2. Khi nim k hiu trong thang my:
Thang my c k hiu bng cc ch v s da vo cc thng s c bn
THANG PHC V
S TNG
KHU v
v
c 6
TT C CC TNG

24


sau:
- Loi thang:
+ Ch khch: p (Passenger)
+ Ch bnh nhn: B (Bed)
+ Ch hng: F (Freight)
- S ngi hoc ti trng
- Kiu m ca:
+M v 2 pha: Co (Center Opening)
+M v 1 pha: 2S (Single Side)
- S tng phc v v tng s tng ca to nh.
- H thng iu khin.
- H thng vn hnh.
V d:
P10- CO- 60- 14/15-VVVF-Duplex K hiu trn c
ngha l: Thang my ch khch ti trng 10 ngi kiu m ca chnh gia.
Tc di chuyn cabin 60 m/pht. C 14 im phc v trn tng s 15
tng ca to nh. H thng iu khin bng cch bin i in p v tn s
. H thng vn hnh kp.
11.3. c tnh k thut ca thang my ti khch hiu LG(Korea):
II. 3.1. c tnh tng qut:
Loi thang Ti khch
Kiu thang P11-PA6(450) -C060
S lng 01 thang
Ti trng 450kg/6ngi
Tc 60 m/pht
Hnh trnh Xc nhn thc t
25


Pt (Chiu su m nn)
OH (Chiu cao tng trn cng)
S tng c im dng
S ca vo
Tn gi cc tng
Phng my
v

H thang
1400mm
4200mm 07
07 pha trc
GF, IF, 2F, 3F, 4F, 5F, 6F
t pha trn h thang
Rng :1800mm
Su:1450mm

II. 3. 2. H thng iu khin:

Ch iu khin:
B iu khin tn hiu:
B iu khin ng
c:
Ngun in cung cp:
II. 3. 3. Phng thang:
Kch thc:
Cc vch:
Chiu sng bung thang:
Tay vn:
Ca phng thang:
Kiu ca:
Cnh ca:
Qut:
Sn:
iu khin n, t ng dng tng. Tp hp
chiu(Full co llective selectve cont)
H thng vi s l h Di-1.
iu khin tc v cp bng h thng thay
i in p v tn s.
Cho ng lc: 380v - 3p - 50HZ.
Cho chiu sng: 220v - lp - 50HZ.
Ngang: 1400 mm
Dc: 850 mm
Cao: 2300 mm
Inox
Kiu C-HX2 loi n chiu sng gin tip.
Kiu HR-04 t 2 pha trong phng thang.
800mm X 2100m
Loi 2 cnh m trung tm ng m t ng
iu khin ng c VVVF c th thay i
tc Inox
02 loi chuyn dng
Loi Luckstrong
Tn hiu bo: Chung trong cabin
V tr tn hiu trng cabin: t trn bng iu khin
Bng iu khin: Kiu CBM-IOC gm:
-Cc nt gi tng
26


-Cc nt n gi v ng ca
-Cc n bo tng v bo chiu loi
Di gi tab.
-Logo v ghi ch ti trng ca thang. -Hp c kho
cha ng cng tc, ATT, n , qut.
-Loa v Mic ro lin lc qua Intercom vi phng my
v phng trc .

II.3.4. Cc ca tng
Hot ng theo ca phng thang
-Kch thc:
-Kiu ca:
-Khung ca tng trt:
Cnh ca:
Ngng ca:
n ch th v nt n:
II. 3.5. B phn bo v:
- Mt pha
- Ngc pha
- Qu ti (ci v n)
- Qu tc
- Photocell 2 tia ti ca cabin
Rng:800mm
Cao :
2100mm
Loi 02 cnh ng m trung tm. Ca
c kho an ton. Mi tng c kho
s dng khi cp cu v sa cha.
Inox
Nhm cng
Bo chiu v v tr thang theo kiu
VID-M422

II. 3.6. Cc c im khc:
- Ca phng thang s m tr li khi gp vt cn v t ng tr li.
- T bo quang 2 tia tng cng an ton ca
- n chiu sng 30 pht khi mt in v c quy s t ng np tr li khi
c in.
- B bo v bo v khi qu ti trng
- Cng tc iu khin kim tra trn nc bung thang
- T ng iu chnh thi gian ng m ca
27


- Gi m ca lu hn thi gian quy nh bng iu khin. Hoc nt n iu
khin gi tng ti ca tng.
- Hu b tn hiu gi thang khi thang i ln hoc i xung n ni kt thc
l ca tng gi. H thng ny s t ng xo s gi li t b nh.
- Lm vic c lp
- c trang b kt ni ngun d phng
- Dng tng an ton.
28


CHNG III
CC H TRUYN NG THNG s DNG TRONG
THANG MY NH CAO TANG
III.l. KHI QUT:
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut,
truyn ng in ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong mi lnh vc. Nhm
thc y sn xut pht trin, gim chi ph lao ng ca con ngi trong
cng nghip nng v nhng ngnh cng nghip c hi.Cc h truyn ng
ra i vi chnh xc cao, kh nng t ng iu khin p ng c
yu cu thc t i hi.
Cng vi s pht trin , thang my c a vo s dng rng ri t
cc to nh cao tng ti hm m... Vi mc ch phc v nhu cu i li,
vn chuyn hng ho theo phng thng ng mt cch nhanh chng thun
tin gp phn thc y cng cuc cng nghip ho , hin i ho t nc.
i vi h truyn ng thang my vn quan trng c t ra i vi
ngi thit k khng phi l tc cao m l nhng vn cng ngh i
hi. Ph ti ca thang my mang tnh th nng c bn gm 2 thnh phn
chnh.
Ti trng v trng lng bn thn. Yu cu c bn i vi h truyn ng
thang my phi m bo cho bung thang chuyn ng m. Trong thit k
phi ch hn ch gia tc nhm gim git ca thang trnh cm gic kh
chu cho hnh khch v s va p ca hng ho giai on khi ng v
dng tng. Cc tham s chnh c trng cho ch lm vic ca thang my
l :
- Tc di chuyn : V (m/s)
- Gia tc: a (m/s
2
)
- git p (m/s
3
)
Vi cng ngh in t bn dn pht trin, s ra i ca cc v mch thc
y h truyn ng in ni chung v h truyn ng in thang my ni
ring ngy cng pht trin v hon thin hn.
III.2. CC H TRUYN NG DNG TRONG THANG MY:


H truyn ng thng c dng cho thang mybao gm:
- H truyn ng dng ng c mt chiu
- H truyn ng dng ng c xoay chiu
i vi tng loi thang my vi tng mc chs dng m c h truyn
ng tng ng t hiu qu cao.
111.2.1. H truyn ng dng ng c mt chiu:
111.2.1.1. H truyn ng my pht -ng c mt chiu c khuych i
trung gian ( F- ):

CFA
o --- rvnni --- Q
CC 29 Hnh II.l:Cu trc h F-
30


H F- c khuych i trung gian thng c dng truyn ng
cho thang cao tc c yu cu cao v cht lng iu chnh.
H truyn ng bao gm mt t hp my pht ng c in mt chiu.
My pht F c ko bi ng c j r to lng sc. in p ca cun kch
t my pht CKF c ly t 2 cc ca my khuych i MAK. My
in khuych i c ko bi rto lng sc 2. My in khuy ch i c
4 cun dy :
- CC: Cun ch o. -CFA: Cun phn hi m p.
- CO: Cun n nh. -CFD: Cun phn hi dng dng
Cun n nh c tc dng n p my khuych i trong thi im qu .
iu chnh ng c thng qua cun ch o CC o chiu quay ca
ng c bng cch o chiu quay ca cun ch o.
+ u im: H truyn ng F - c khuych i trung gian iu khin
i chiu lm vic ca ngc linh hot v kh nng qu ti ln, di
iu chnh rng , cht lng iu chnh cao.
+Nhc im: Dng nhiu my in, gy n ln cng sut lp t ti thiu
gp 3 ln cng sut ng c chp hnh. Vn hnh sa cha phc tp. Cc
my pht in mt chiu c t d c tnh t ho c tr nn kh iu chnh
su tc .
III.2.1.2. H truyn ng Thyristor- ng c mt chiu c o chiu
T- :
Phn ng ca ng c truyn ng c cp ngun t b bin i
tnh dng thyristor to bi 2 mch cu chnh lu 3 pha thun (lBth) v
ngc (2Bth). Mi cu chnh lu gm 6 thyrisfor. Cun khng lCKv 2 CK
dng hn ch dng in cn bng. Hai b bin i c iu khin bng
2 khi KKN v KKH. Trong mi khi gm cc khu ng pha, khu
to in p rng ca, khu so snh, to xung v khuych i xung.
Nguyn l lm vic ca s h truyn ng T- nh sau:
in p c ly ra t u ra ca khu hn ch gia tc. ln v cc tnh
ca in p t do khu iu hnh H quyt nh. in p ra ca khu
HCGT tng dn theo hm tuyn tnh bc nht khi thay i tn hiu u vo.
iu chnh tc ng c thng qua b iu chnh tc Rco m u vo
l tng hai tn hiu phn hi m tc Keo v tn hiu u vo ca R|
N
(
thang i ln) v R
IH
( thang i xung). RN v R
IH
cn nhn tn hiu phn
31


hi dng t khu IK v 2K . Tn hiu u ra ca R
IN
v R
IH
l tn hiu iu
khin a vo khi iu khin KKN v KKH. Khi dng chnh xc
bung thang h s chuyn i t ch iu chnh tc sang ch iu
khin v tr. Tn hiu t khu cm bin dng chnh xc CBDCX c a
vo khu iu chnh v tr R
VT
. Khi bung thang nm bng vi sn tng tn
hiu ra ca khu CBDCX = 0.

Hnh III.2. S khi h T -
-u im:
Vi h truyn ng T - ng c c iu chnh tt, tc ng iu chnh
nhanh, di iu chnh rng. Khng gy n, d t ng ho
Rin
1Bth
2Bth



thun li cho vic lp cc h thng iu chnh nhiu vng. Nng cao cht
lng cc c tnh tnh v ng ca h thng.
- Nhc im:
Do cc van bn dn c tnh phi tuyn, dng in p chnh lu ra c
bin p mch cao gy tn tht ph trong my in, cc h truyn
ng cng sut ln cn lm xu dng in p ra ca ngun v li xoay
chiu.
III.2.2. H truyn ng dng ng c xoay chiu:
III.2.2.1. H truyn ng ng c khng ng b rto lng sc hai
cp tc :
Thng c dng cho thang my c tc trung bnh. H ny ng
c gm 2 t u dy lm vic c lp. Mt t cho tc cao (ni sao), mt
t cho tc thp (ni tam gic).

33


H.III.3.S nguyn l mch ng lc S nguyn l
mch ng lc c gii thiu trn H.3.3. Ngun cung cp cho h bng cu
dao CD v Aptomat Ap. Cun dy Stator ca ng c c n vo ngun
cp qua cc tip im ca cng tc t nng N hoc cng tc t h H v cc
tip im ca cng tc t tc cao c hoc cng tc t tc thp T.
H ny m bo dng chnh xc cao thc hin bng cch chuyn tc ca
ng c xung thp trc khi bung thang sp n sn tng.
Nhng do thay i t ngt theo tng cp nn gy git ln.
III.2.2.2. H truyn ng bin tn - ng c khng ng b roto lng
sc:
H truyn ng bin tn - ng c khng ng b roto lng sc kt
hp vi b iu khin kh trnh PLC ngy nay c s dng rng ri. Cc
b bin tn thng dng l b bin tn ngun p .

Hnh III.4. Cu trc b bin tn ngun p Nguyn l ca b
bin tn ngun p bao gm: Mt mch chnh lu CL, chnh lu in p
xoay chiu to thnh in p mt chiu, in p ny thng qua mch lc
trung gian L, sau c a qua b nghch lu to thnh mt in p
xoay chiu 3 pha c tn s v bin khc vi in p li. Bin v
CL L NL

34


in p u ra ca b bin tn c th thay i c nh s thay i gc
m cc thyristor mch chnh lu. Tn s in p u ra ca bin tn c th
iu chnh bng cch iu khin tn s ng m cc thyristor mch nghch
lu. Tt c s iu chnh ny nh vo tn hiu t khi iu khin KK.
Cc b phn bin tn hin nay c cc hng ch to trn b. Cc b bin
tng thng thng c iu chnh thng qua Thyristor hoc Transistor.
Mt trung tm iu khin CPU ng dng cng ngh one-chip. B iu
khin ny lm nhim v ng m cc van bn dn mch lc, c kh nng
giao tip vi bn ngoi v truyn thng vi cc thit b khc. Ngoi ra trong
b bin tn cn c cc b phn bo v cho cc van bn dn.
u im: C th thay i tn s in p u ra thng qua vic lp trnh cho
b iu khin bin tn. C kh nng thay i thi gian khi ng, thi gian
hm mt cch mm mi gim git cho bung thang. iu khin tc
mm hon ton. C kh nng iu khin su tc , cht lng iu
khin cao. C kh nng gi cng c ca ng c tt d dng cho vn
hnh, bo dng v thay th.
Nhc im: Dng in p u ra ca bin tn c cha nhiu sng hi nn
d gy nhiu cho li in 3 pha v li thng tin gn v tr t bin tn.
i vi nhng b bin tn cng sut ln, kh nng gy nhiu l rt ln. Do
vy cc b bin tn cng sut ln thng c ch to km theo mt b lc
nhiu.
Lut iu chnh tn s in p theo kh nng qu ti:
Khi iu chnh tn s ngun cp cho ng c cc thng s in lin quan
n tn s nh: Cm khng, dng in, t thng... ca ng c u b thay
i theo v cui cng cc i lng nh: trt ti hn, momen ti hn
cng thay i. Chnh v vy, iu chnh tc ng c khng ng b
bng phng php thay i tn s thng ko theo iu chnh in p.
- i vi h thng bin tn ngun p thng c yu cu cho kh nng qu
ti v momen khng i trong sut di iu chnh tc .
- Mun cho h s qu ti v inoinen l khng i th tn s v in p phi
iu chnh theo phng trnh sau:
= ()
,+
* =(
1+
*
35


^ sdm ^Odm J sdm
Trong :
u
s
: in p nh mc t vo Stator
^Sdm: in p Stator nh mc
co
0
: Tc khng ti ca c tnh c ng vi tc iu chnh
C0
odm:
Tc khng ti nh mc
f
S:
Tn s no trong di iu chnh
fsdn,: Ch s ng vi cc c tnh c ca my xut.
Vi truyn ng thang my mmen cn l dng th nng, khng i. Vi
loi c tnh c ny ta c : X = 0 Vy khi tc tng th ta phi tng in p
v ngc li.
CHNG IV
TNH CHN CNG SUT NG c
IV. NGHA CA VIC TNH CHN:
Vic tnh chn cng sut ng c truyn ng l ht sc quan trng.
Nu nh ta chn cng sut nh hn tr s cn thit th ng c s phi lm
vic qu ti, tui th ca ng c gim, c i khi cn lm chy ng c.
Nu ta chn cng sut ng c ln hn tr s yu cu th ng c lm vic
non ti gy lng ph v vn u t. Nu chn kiu ng c khng ph hp
vi yu cu ph ti, th ng c s khng th p ng c yu cu truyn
ng cho ph ti ngoi ra cn gy hi cho ng c. Thang my l mt ph
ti th nng lm vic ch ngn hn lp li, c iu chnh tc . Vi
nhng thang my c tc trung bnh tt nht chn ng c khng ng
b xoay chiu 3 pha rto lng sc.
IV. 2. CC THNG S K THUT CA THANG:
tnh chn c cng sut ng c cn c cc iu kin v tham s
nh: S ng hc thang my, tc v gia tc ca thang my, ti trng,
trng lng bung thang Theo yu cu ca bi th ta chn cc thng s
sau:
Ti trng : 500kg
Khi lng bung thang : 1000kg
36


Tc thang : V = 0.9 m/s
Gia tc thang : a = 0.9 m/s
2

git khi khi ng v hm : p = 0.9 m/s
3

Tc thang khi sp dng tng : V) = 0.04 m/s
Thi gian thang chy tc thp: t = 2s
37


Hnh IV. 1 Cu to thang
(jSm )
M
IV. 3. XC NH PH TI TNH:
Cc loi thang my ch ngi ngy nay thng dng kiu cp ni 2
u c i trng nh hnh IV. 1. Kiu cp ni s gi cho bung thang
chuyn ng n nh, gim rung lc cho cabin. Khi thang c i trng,
cng sut ng c truyn ng s nh i rt nhiu so vi khi thang khng
s dng i trng.
+ Trng lng ca i trng:
G
t
=G
cb
+a xG
m
Trong :
- Gt :trng lng i trng
- G
ch
: trng lng Cabin
- G
m
: Trng lng nh mc
- a l h s cn bng: a = 0,3 --0,6
G
t
= 1000 + 1,5 X 500 = 1225 (Kg)
+ Tnh lc ko t ln Puly khi nng ti:
F=(G
cb
+G
dm
-G
t
)x kxg
Trong :
- k l h s ma st gia i trng bung thang vi
thanh dn hng, chn k= ,15
- g: l gia tc trng trng ly g = 9,81
ni/s
2

F
n
=(500 + 1000 - 1225)xl,15x9,81= 3102,4 (N)
+ Momen ng vi lc ko khi nng ti:

F X R
i X 77

Trong :
- R: l bn knh Pul: chn R=0,3 m
- : t s truyn c cu, chn i=29
- 77: l hiu sut c cu :chn r =0,8
3102 ,4 X 0,3 M _
= 40 (Nm )
0 , 8 x 2 9
+ Cng sut tnh ca ng c khi nng ti:
38


p
n
= M
n
X
Trong : - CO: l vn tc gc ca trc ng c
- P
n
Cng sut trn trc ng c khi nng ti
- M
n
Momen c trn trc ng c khi nng ti Vn
tc gc quan h vi tc quay ca roto theo cng thc:
) =
9,55
TC quay quan h vi vn tc di ca cabin theo cng thc:
60 X V X i n =
-----------
2 R
T hai cng thc trn ta c:
60 X V X /
co
2x7 R x 9 , 5 5
Suy ra cng sut tnh ca ng c khi nng ti
F x R 60X VX/' 3102,4x0,3 60x0,9x29 _
//
p = Mx c o = -g X -3 = X ----------------------- = 3492( W)
/ 77 2XTTXRX9, 55 29x0,8 2x3,14x0,3x9,55
Gi thit khi h thang lm vic ch nng n nht tc l h khng ti:
+ Tnh lc ko t ln Puly khi h khng ti:
F
h
= [G
t
-(G
m
+ GJ]xkxg (N)
Vi gi thit h khng ti nn G
m
= 0, thay s ta c:
F
h
= (1125 - 1000)xl,15x9,81 = 2538,38 (N)
+ Tnh momen tng ng vi lc ko khi h ti:
F
h
x R 2538,38x0,3
4

M
h
= -- = - ^ - = 36,6( Nm) i xrj 29 X 0,8
p
h
= M
h
X (0 = 36,6x87 = 3184,2 (W)
IV. 4. XC NH TH PH TI V H s NG IN TNG
I:
v c th ph ti v tnh c h s ng in tng i ta phi
xc nh thi gian khi ng, thi gian hm m bo gia tc v git ca
cabin theo yu cu. ng thi phi tnh c cc khong thi gian lm vic
v ngh trong mt chu k hot ng ca thang.
tnh ton ta gi thit thang lm vic ch nng n nht:
39


- Khi thang i ln lun y ti: vi ti trng nh mc = 500kg. Gi thit
tng ng vi 8 ngi. Khi thang dng tng 1 s c 8 hnh khch vo
bung thang, thang i ln n mi tng th dng li 1 khch ra v 1
khch vo
- Khi thang i xung lun khng ti.
IV. 4.1. Tnh cc khong thi gian m my v ng my:
Chy tc
40


(3)

Hnh IV.2 ng cong biu din s ph thuc ca qung ng s, tc
V, gia tc a, git p theo thi gian





ds
- V _ e<
= V > V = s dt
T (2), (3) -> S= at + v
()
> s = l/2at
2
+ v
0
t
+s
0
(4)

da
dt
dv
Ta c:
(1)
(2)
= p^>a = pt + a(
dt
v= at + v
0

(1), (2)- v= pt+ao v = ^- + a
0
t + v
0



T (3) s= V ^
S =
^L
+ o
l
+ Vol +
3 (5)
- p dng cng thc (4)tnhqung ng i c trong thi gian t t
n t
2
. p dng cng thc(5) tnhqungng i c trong thi gian
t t
0
n tj v t t
2
n t
3
:
/i=
f
L =
M
=
o,l(.v) p 9
V, = pt f = x9x0, l
2
= 0,045 ( m/ s )
2 2
s, = ptf = -x9x0,l
3
= 0,0015 (m)
6 6
t
3
-1
2
= 0,ls
v
2
=v, + ax(t
2
-t|) (6)
v
3
= 0,9m/s
v
3 - 2 3

^2) (^3

^2 )

0
v
2
= -9.0, l
2
+ 0,1.0,9 +v
2
( m/ s )
2
v
2
= 0,765 (m/s)
Thay vo (6) ta c:
v
2
= v,+ a x( t - t j )
0,765 = 0,045 + 0,9x(t
2
- tj)
^ ^2~ ^1
=
0,8 (s)
Thi gian m my:
tmmy
=
t
3
= t + t
2
- t|+ t
3
- t
2
= l(s)
Qung ng i c trong khong thi gian t|-s-1
2
:
42


s
2
= at
2
+v
0
t = a(t

-/ , )
2
+ V , (t
2
- / , )
= -0,9.0,8
2
+ 0,045.0,8 = 0,324 ( m)
Qung ng i c trong khong thi gian t t
2
-T-1
3
l:
1 3
a t
~
S

- - p t
+
^
+
v + ^o 6 2
= -9-fc - *2
a
^~
t2
^ + v
2
(*3 - t
2
)
= -.9.0,l
3
+
Q

9
'
0

12
+0,85.0,1 6 2
= 0,0015 + 0,0045 + 0,085 = 0,091
( m)
Qung ng i c trong thi gian m my:
Smmy
=
0,0015 + 0,324 + 0,091 =
0,4165 (m)
Gi s thi gian m my v thi gian hm my l bng nhau:
=> Qung ng hm xung tc thp l: S
ht
= 0,4165 (m)
Thi gian thang chy tc thp bng 2s.
=> Qung ng thang chy tc thp l: s = 0,04.2 = 0,08(m)
Tng thi gian khi ng, hm, chy tc thp v hm dng: tx
1+1 +2 = 4(s)
Tng qung ng khi ng, hm, chy tc thp v hm dng: S=
0,4165+0,4165+0*08 = 0,913 (m)
*Thi gian thang chy t tng 1 ln tng 2 :
Qung ng thang chy tc cao :
S
H1
=H
r
S
z
= 3,5-0,913 = 2,587 (m)
Thi gian thang chay tc cao : At
4
= -- =
=
2,87 (s)
V
H
0,9
-Thi gian thang chy t tng 23; 34; 4 5:
Cng tng t nh thang chy t tng 1 ln tng 2: txi =
2,87 + 4 = 6,87 (s)
43
43


8s
0
2>,
7,
Thi gian thang chy khng ti t tng 5 1 Qung
ng 5 tng l: S
5
J = 3,5x4 = 14 (m)
Qung ng thang di chuyn tc cao :
SH
51
=S
51
- S
s
= 14 - 0,913 = 13,087 (m)
Thi gian thang chay tc cao: At
4
= ^ =
13,087
= 14,54 (5)
v 0,9
Thi gian thang chy t tng 5 > 1 :
t
s
J= 14,54 + 4 = 18,54 (s)
Thang chy t tng 1 2 mt 6,87 (s)
Chn thi gian ng m ca mi tng l 6(s)
Thi gian thay ngh tng 5 l: 8 (s). (thi gian ng m ca + thi gian
ngi ra)
M(Nm)
40





18.54S




36,6
5 ->1


Hnh V.3. th ph ti

H s ng in : T % = tj|
V
:
thi gian lm vic
44


t
ing
: thi gian ngh Thi gian lm vic cho mt chu k thang my bao
gm c i ln v i xung:
T% = -------------------------------- lIA= 0,5 = 50%
2.4.6,87 + 2.4.6 + 8
Mmen ng tr v mmen trung bnh:
Mj t = =
[4.40487+ 4 36,6.6,87
= 29

V Z'i V 4.6,87 + 6.3 + 8
Cng sut ng c chn theo mmen ng tr:
p
t
= M
t
x w

= 29 X 87 = 2523 (W) = 2,523 (KW)

Quy i v h s tip in tiu chun : T%=25% dng cho thang my:
p = p
t
x/g=2,523x1,414 = 3,57 (KW)
Vy cng sut ng c cn chn l: P
m
> 3,57 (KW)
Tra bng ta c ng c: Kiu MTKT III-6 do Lin X c ch to vi cc
thng s

p
m
= 4,lkW
^m = 850V/ph
^m = 10,9
-r
st
= 2,1Q
- Cos = 0,74
45


Mch
giao
tip
v
cm
bin
Mch
cng
sut
v c
cu
tc
ng
B nh
Chng
trnh
Khi iu
khin trung
tm
Khi ng
vo
B nh D
liu
Khi ng ra
Ngun cp in

c
CHNG V
NG DNG B IU KHIN KH TRNH PLC VO IU
KHIN THANG MY
v.l. GII THIU CHUNG CA CC B lU KHIEN kh TRNH:
V. l.l.c im chung ca cc b iu khin kh trnh:
Nhu cu v mt b iu khin d s dng, linh hot c gi thnh thp
thc y s pht trin nhng h thng iu khin lp trnh (Programmable-
control-sytems ) S dng CPU v b nh iu khin my mc hay cc qu
trnh sn xut. Trong bi cnh b iu khin lp trnh (PLC-Progammable
Logic Controler) c thit k nhm thay th phng php iu khin truyn
thng dng rle, cng tc t v cc thit b ri cng knh. N to ra kh nng
iu khin cc thit b mt cch d dng, linh hot da trn vic lp trnh tp
lnh c bn. Ngoi ra PLC cn c th thc hin cc tc v khc nh: nh thi
gian, m... Lm tng kh nng iu khin cho nhng hot ng phc tp ngay
c vi loi PLC nh nht.


H.3.1. S khi bn trong PLC PLC lm vic theo kiu
vng qut , qu trnh c cc u vo thc hin cng trnh v a cc tn hiu ra
gi l qu t . Thi gian qut l qu trnh lin tc, tun t t c u vo , nh
gi v quyt nh logic iu khin ngi a tn hiu ra

H.3.2. Vng qut ca PLC
Thi gian cn thit cho mt ln qut thay i t lOms -T- 30ms. S bin i
thi gian qut ph thuc vo di ca chng trnh ng dng. ng thi vic
s dng cc h thng I/O t xa cng lm tng thm thi gian qut do phi
truyn tn hiu t u T/O n h thng xa. Ngoi ra thi gian qut cn ph
thuc vo tc s l ca PLC.
Hot ng ca PLC l kim tra tt c cc trng thi tn hiu ng vo a v t
qu trnh iu khin, thc hin logic c lp trnh trong chng trnh v kch
ra tn hiu iu khin cc u ra cho thit b bn ngoi tng ng.
Vi cc mch giao tip chun khi vo v ra PLC cho php kt ni trc tip
vi nhng c cu tc ng (actuators) c cng sut nh cc cng ra v nhng
mch chuyn i tn hiu (Trasducers) cc cng vo m khng cn mch giao
tip bng cc rle trung gian. Tuy nhin cn phi c mch in t cng sut
trung gian khi PLC iu khin nhng thit b c cng sut ln.
Vic s dng PLC cho php chng ta hiu chnh h thng iu khin m khng
cn c s thay i no v s kt ni dy. S thay i ch l thay i chng
trnh iu khin trong b nh thng qua cc thit b lp trnh
47
thng dng. Hn na, chng cn c u im l thi gian lp t v a vo s
dng nhanh hn so vi nhng h iu khin truyn thng.
V phn cng. PLC tng t nh mt my tnh chng c cc c im thch

47


hp cho mc ch iu khin cng nghip nh:
- Cu trc dng modul cho php d dng ghp ni v thay th, tng kh nng
(ni thm modul m rng vo ra) thm chc nng (ghp ni thm cc modul
chuyn dng).
- Vic kt ni dy v tn hiu cng vo ra c chun ho.
- Thc hin c cc logic iu khin phc tp m cc h thng iu khin
rle, cng tc t khng th thc hin c.
- Ngn ng chuyn dng: LADDER, STL, FCTION CHART, d hiu v d
s dng.
- Thay i chng trnh iu khin mt cch d dng bng cc thit b lp trnh
chuyn dng hoc my tnh.
- C kh nng chng nhiu tt.
Vi nhng c im trn lm cho PLC tr thnh mt thit b iu khin khng
th thiu trong iu khin cng nghip v iu khin qu trnh.
v.1.2 Khi nim c bn:
B iu khin lp trnh l mt tng ca nhm k s vo nm 1968
(General motors). H ra cc ch tiu k thut nhm p ng nhng yu
cu iu khin trong cng nghip:
- D dng lp trnh v thay i chng trnh iu khin s dng thch hp trong
cng nghip.
- Cu trc dng modul d dng bo tr sa cha.
- Tin cy hn trong mi trng sn xut ca cc nh my cng nghip. -Dng
linh kin bn dn nn c kch thc nh gn hn mch rle chc nng tng
ng.
-Gi thnh cnh tranh.
Nhng ch tiu ny to s quan tm ca cc k s thuc nhiu ngnh nghin
cu v kh nng ng dng ca PLC trong cng nghip. Cc kt qu nghin cu
a thm mt s yu cu cn phi c trong chc nng ca PLC. Tp lnh t
cc lnh logic n gin c h tr thm cc lnh
48


v nh thi gian, m. Sau l cc lnh x l ton hc, x l bng s liu, x
l xung tc cao, tnh ton s liu, x l thi gian thc, c m vch. Song
song s pht trin v phn cng cng t c nhiu kt qu: B nh ln hn,
s lng v cng vo ra nhiu hn. Cc modul chuyn dng hn.
Vo nm 1976, PLC c kh nng iu khin cc ng vo ra xa bng k thut
truyn thng khong 200m. S gia tng nhng ng dng PLC trong cng
nghip thc y cc nh sn xut hon chnh cc h PLC vi cc mc
khc nhau v kh nng, tc x l v hiu sut . T cc PLC ban u lm vic
c lp ch vi vi chc u ra, dung lng b nh b. n nay c nhng h
PLC vi cu trc modul c dung lng u vo, ra ln d thay i ph hp
vi yu cu s dng. Dung lng b nh ln v rt ln c thm cc chc nng
chuyn dng s l tn hiu lin tc, iu khin ng c secvo, ng c bc,
truyn thng. B nh 1T1 rng vi cu trc dng modul cho php ngi s dng
m rng hay nng cp mt h thng iu khin bng PLC mt cch d dng,
linh hot v rt kinh t.
v.1.3. PC hay PLC
Tu tng nc m ngi ta c cc thut ng dng m t b iu khin lp
trnh:
PC: Programmable controller (Anh).
PLC: Programmable logic controller (M).
PBS: Programmable Binary (Thy s).
Hai thut ng sau u th hin b iu khin lp trnh lm vic vi tn hiu nh
phn (on/off). Trong thc t, tt c cc b iu khin (tr b iu khin loi
nh) u c kh nng x l cc tn hiu lin tc (Analog). Nn cc thut ng
khng ni ln c ht cc kh nng ca b iu khin lp trnh.
V l do ny v mt s l do khc na m thut ng Programmable
contronller, vit tt l PC, th hin mt cch tng qut nht v b iu khin
lp trnh . Tuy nhin, trnh s hiu lm vi thut ng my tnh c nhn
PC (Personal Computer), th PLC thng c dng thay th cho PC
(Programmable Controlle).
v.1.4. So snh vi cc h thng iu khin khc:
Bng v.l. So snh c tnh k thut gia cc h thng i khin:
49



v.1.5. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC:
PLC gm 3 khi chc nng c bn:
- B s l trung tm.
- B nh.
- Khi vo /ra.
Trng thi ng vo ca PLC c pht hin v lu vo b nh m. PLC thc
hin cc lnh logic trn cc trng thi ca chng v thng qua chng trnh.
Ch tiu so
snh
Mch rle Mch s My tnh PLC
Gi thnh tng
chc nng
Kh thp Thp Cao Thp
Kch thc vt
l
Ln Rt gn Kh gn Rt gn
Tc iu
khin
Chm Rt nhanh Nhanh Nhanh
Lp t
Mt nhiu
thi gian
thit k v
lp t
Mt thi gian
thit k
Mt nhiu thi
gian lp trnh
Lp trnh v
lp t n
gin
Kh nng iu
khin cc chc
nng phc tp
Khng C C C
Kh nng thay
i iu khin
Rt kh Kh Kh ngin Rt n gin
Cng tc bo
tr
Phc tp Phc tp Phc tp
D dng v
cc mun
uc tiu
chun ho
50


Trng thi ng ra c cp nht v lu vo b nh m. Sau , trng thi ng
ra trong b nh m c dng ng m cc "tip im" kch hot cc
thit b tng ng.
Nh vy, s hot ng ca cc thit b c iu khin hon ton t ng theo
chng trnh b nh. Chng trnh c np vo PLC thng qua cc thit b lp
trnh chuyn dng hoc bng my tnh vi cc chng trnh chuyn dng.
v.1.5.1. B s l trung tm: CPU - Central Processing Unit
B x l trung tm iu khin v qun l ton b cc hot ng bn trong
PLC. Vic trao i thng tin gia cc CPU, b nh v khi vo ra thc hin
thng qua h thng BUS di s iu khin ca CPU. Mt mch dao ng
thch anh cp xung Clock tn s chun cho CPU. Thng l 1MHZ hay 8MHZ
tu thuc vo b vi x l c dng. Tn s xung thc hin s ng b cho
tt c cc phn t trong h thng.
v.1.5.2. B nh:
Tt c cc loi PLC u dng cc loi b nh sau:
- ROM ( Read Only Memory): B nh ch c dng lu gi chng trnh
iu hnh.
- RAM ( Ramdon Access Memory): B nh truy cp ngu nhin dng lu
gi tm thi cc gi tr logic khi chng trnh thc hin.
- EEPROM (Electronic Earsable Programmable Readonly Memory): L b nh
vnh cu cc chng trnh v c th lp trnh li bng thit b chun CRT hoc
bng tay.
EPROM (Earsable Bogrammable Read Only Memory): L b nh PROM
lu gi vnh cu cc chng trnh v c th lp trnh li bng cc thit b lp
chng trnh.
V.l.5.3. Khi vo ra:
Mi hot ng v x l tn hiu bn trong PLC c mc in p 5VDC v
15VDC (in p cho TTL v CMOS) . Trong khi tn hiu iu khin bn ngoi
c th ln hn nhiu thng 24 VDC n 240VDC vi dng ln.
Khi vo/ra c vai tr l mch giao tip gia mch vi in t ca PLC vi
cc mch cng sut bn ngoi kch hot cc c cu tc ng. N thc hin s
chuyn i cc mc in p tn hiu v cch ly. Tuy nhin, khi vo/ra cho
51


php PLC kt ni trc tip vi cc c cu tc ng c cng sut nh, c 2A tr
xung m khng cn cc mch cng sut hay rle trung gian.
C cc loi ng vo ra nh sau:
- Ng ra dng rle:
+ C th kt ni vi c cu tc ng lm vic vi in p AC hoc DC +
Cch ly dng c nn p ng chm.
+Tui th ph thuc vo dng ti i qua rle v tn s ng tip im.
- Ng ra dng Transistor:
+ Ch ni vi c cu tc ng lm vic vi in p Dc t 5 VDC n 30 VDC
+ Tui th cao, tn s ng m nhanh
- Ng ra dng Triac (SSR- Solid State Relay).
+ Kt ni c vi c cu tc ng lm vic vi in p DC hoc AC t 5 -
240 V
+ Chu c dng nh hn loi rle nhng tui th cao v tn s ng m
nhanh.
Tt c cc ng vo v ng ra u c cch ly vi tn hiu iu khin bn ngoi
bng mch cch ly quang (Opto-isolator) trn cc khi vo/ra (H.3.3). Mch
cch ly quang dng mt diot pht quang v mt trasistor quang gi l b Opto-
coupler. Mch ny cho cc tn hiu nh i qua v ghim cc tn hiu in p cao
xung mc tn hiu chun . Mch ny c tc dng chng nhiu. Khi chuyn
cng tc v bo v qu p t ngun in cp.
V.2. B IU KHIN KH TRNH CQM1 CA HNG OMRON:
B iu khin kh trnh CQM1 l b iu khin loi nh, thng dng
iu khin mt cng ngh nht nh. B iu khin kh trnh CQM c tc x
l kh nhanh, dung lng b nh tng i ln vi nhiu loi CPU khc nhau.
Tu thuc vo tng loi CPU khc nhau m dung lng b nh, dung lng
vo ra c s khc bit. v.2.1. Cc modul u vo
52




v.2.2. Cc modul u ra:
Kiu
u vo
Tn modul
S u vo
in p
u vo (V)
Dng vo
(mA)
Xoay
chiu
CQM1-IA121 8
100 - 120 +
10% -
15%
5
CQM1-IA221 8
200 - 240
+ 10% - 15%
6
Mt chiu
CQM1 - CPU 11
-E
CPU21-E
CPU41-E
CP42-E
CPU43-E
CP44-E
16
24 + 10% -
15%
10

CQM1 - D212 8
12-24
+ 10% - 15%
10

CQM1 - D213 32
24 + 10% -
15%
4
53



Tn modul
S
u
ra
I max
(A)
I min
(mA)
Kiu ni
Dng
tiu th
(mA)
CQM1-OC221 88 2 10
Khi u ni
430
CQM1-OC222 16 2 10
Khi u ni
430
CQM1-OD211 8 2 10
Khi u ni
850
CQM1-OD212 16 50 4,5V DC 10 Khi u 90
54


Chy th
chng
trnh





Lit k cc u vo, ra
tng ng vi cc u
vo, ra ca PLC



300 26,4VDC

ni

CQM1-OD213 32
16 4,5V DC 10
26,4V DC
10 Connector 170
CQM1-OD214 16
50 4,5V DC
300 26,4VDC
10
Khi u ni
240
CQM1- OD215 8 1 10
Khi u ni
170
CQM - OA221 8 0,4 10
Khi u ni
100
V.3.TH TC THIT K CHUNG TRNH DIEU KHIEN:
Tim hiu cc yu
cu v h thng iu
khin
Ni tt c cc thit
b vo, ra vi PLC
Kim tra li h
thng ni dy Dng mt lu
chung ca h
thng iu khin
Sa li
phn
nim
Phin dch lu
sang gin


V.4. CC TN HIU IU KHIN V B TR TN HIU:
v.4.1. Cc tn hiu ca tng:

A
_
V


- cnh ca tng ca mi tng c gn mt LED 7 thanh hin th v
tr hin ti ca cabin . V mt LED hin th chiu chuyn ng ca
cabin ln hay xung.
- mi ca tng c gn 2 nt gi tng i ln hay i xung .
- Khc vi cc tng bnh thng l tng 1 cng c gn LED 7 thanh
hin th v tr v LED hin th chiu ln hay xung nhng n ch
c mt nt gi tng i ln. Tng 5 cng nh tng 1 cc tn hiu
hin th nhng n ch c mt nt gi tng i xung.
V.4.2. Cc tn hiu trong cabin:
- Trong cabin cc nt n tng 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- Ngoi ra n cn c nt RO (Reopen ) m li khi cn hnh khch
no ang i n ng xa. Khi ta bm RO th ca s li c m
ra mt ln na (ch m li khi thang cn ang dng).




- Nt CL : close l nt m khi ngi ta mun b qua thi gian tr mi tng nu bm nt ny th
ca s ng li ngay lp tc.
Trong cabin cng c n LED 7 thanh hin th v tr hin ti ca cabin v c LED hin th
chiu chuyn ng hin ti ca cabin l ln hay xung.
v.4.3. Cc tn hiu ca cm bin gn ging thang:
- Cc cm bin v tr, cm bin gim tc thng c gp li lm mt (tc l cm bin v tr v
cng l cm bin gim tc) .Trn hnh v th c hai cm bin v tr c gn mi tng l cm
bin v tr chiu ln (2U, 3U, 4U, 5U ); cm bin v tr chiu xung (1D, 2D, 3D, 4D )



MS: l mnhst
CB : l k hiu cm bin t
5U ] C.B MS 1
4D ]

4U ]

3D ] C.B
V7A
r-.V/,
58


-Trn nc cabin c gn 1 MS (mnh st) nh hnh v. Khi thang my i ln
sp n v tr dng chnh xc th mnh st s qut qua cc cm bin theo
chiu ln. Khi cabin i xung sp n v tr dng chnh xc th cng gp
phi cm bin v tr theo chiu xung .
- mi tng c gn 1 MS (mnh st) (1, 2, 3, 4 , 5 ) trn nc cabin v bn
phi ta cng gn 1 CB cm bin ny xc nh v tr dng chnh xc ca
cabin.
- Nh vy khi cabin chuyn ng n mi tng th c mt tn hiu v tr
c gi v PLC. Nu tng no c nhu cu th dng th cm bin ny cng
cho ta tn hiu gim tc. Khi chuyn ng theo chiu ln th PLC s ly
tn hiu ( 2U, 3U, 4U, 5 ) . Khi chuyn ng theo chiu xung th PLC s
ly cc tn hiu (ID, 2D, 3D, 4D )
- Cabin i ti mi tng khi cm bin dng chnh xc nc cabin bn phi
s chy qua cc v tr ca mnh st gn trn ging thang. Qua mi v tr ny
ta s c mt tn hiu ca cm bin dng chnh xc gi v PLC . Nhng tn
hiu dng chnh xc s c PLC x l v n ch c ngha khi c nhu cu
dng ti tng .
Tm li c 9 cm bin c dng vo vic xc nh v tr, gim tc, v
dng chnh xc cabin.
+ 08 cm bin xc nh v tr v cng dng lun cm bin gim tc
(chc nng gim tc ch c khi c nhu cu dng)
+ 01 cm bin xc nh v tr dng chnh xc ca cabin. (Cm bin
ny c kt hp vi cc mnh st ging thang)
v.4.4. Tn hiu ca c cu ng m ca:
- C cu ng m ca trn nc cabin c gn 2 cng tc hnh trnh. Khi
ca m hn th cng tc hnh trnh m tc ng, ng c s ngng m
ca. Khi ca cabin ng hn th cng tc hnh trnh ng tc ng, ng c
s ngng ng ca.
v.4.5. Tn hiu an ton:
- Nc cabin pha trn ca ca cabin c gn 1 cng tc in xc nhn
rng ca ng
59


- Pha trn ca mi ca tng cng c gn mt cng tc in xc nh
rng ca tng ng.
- Tng trn cng c mt cng tc hnh trnh ngt in khi ng c ko
bung thang vt ln trn v tr cao nht cho php
- H thang c gn mt cng tc hnh trnh gii hn hnh trnh xung
ca thang .
- Di y cabin c mt cng tc khi ngi vo bung thang qu ti
trng nh mc th cng tc ny s ngt tip im ca n v ng c s
khng hot ng c khi ngi vo cabin qu nhiu so vi ti trng nh
mc .
V.5. LIT K CC TN HIU VO RA PLC:
v.5.1. Cc tn hiu vo (Input):
- Cc u vo tn hiu gi tng : Trn ca mi tng b tr hai nt gi tng,
mt nt gi ln v mt nt gi xung. Ring tng mt b tr mt nt gi ln
v tng 5 b tr mt nt gi xung. Nh vy l c 8 u vo tn hiu gi
tng a vo PLC .
- Cc u vo tn hiu n tng trong cabin: Trong bung thang c 5 nt
t t 1 n 5 yu cu thang n tng tng , nh vy c 5 tn hiu n tng
a vo PLC.
- Cc u vo tn hiu t cc sensor bo v tr tng : mi tng c lp hai
cm bin l cm bin ln tng v cm bin xung tng. Ring tng mt c
mt cm bin xung tng v tng 5 c mt cm bin ln tng, trn nc
bung thang c mt cm bin dng chnh xc bung thang, nh vy c 9
u vo PLC t cc sensor.
- u vo tn hiu ng ca nhanh v m li ca: Trong bung thang c
hai nt n m ca li v ng ca nhanh, nh vy c hai u vo PLC
- Tn hiu u tin: Trong bung thang trn panel iu khin c mt nt u
tin. Trong trng hp khn cp hnh khch ch cn n nt ny th thang s
a ngi n tng cn n m khng thc hin qu giang.
- Tn hiu t cn bo trng ti: Tn hiu ti v tn hiu qu ti, khi
ti th thang khng thc hin qu giang, khi qu ti th thang s khng chy,
60


ci bo hiu s ku ln. s c hai tn hiu u vo PLC
- Tn hiu t cm bin chng ngi vt : Khi ang ng ca m gp
chng ngi vt th ca s t ng m ra.
v.5.2. Cc u ra (out):
- u ra iu khin bin tn: C 3 u ra t PLC iu khin bin tn,
mt u lnh cho bin tn iu khin ng c quay theo chiu thang i ln,
mt u ra lnh cho bin tn iu khin cho ng c quay theo chiu thang
i xung, mt u ra lnh cho bin tn gim tc ng c.
- u ra iu khin phanh.
- u ra iu khin n LED hin th v tr ca cabin c 5 u ra t PLC.
- u ra iu khin n LED bo chiu thang i ln v i xung s c hai
u ra t PLC.
- u ra iu khin ng c m ca tng v ng ca tng.
- u ra bo qu ti.
- u ra cho php xung tng 1
- u ra cho php xung tng 2
- u ra cho php xung tng 3
- u ra cho php xung tng 4
- u ra cho php ln tng 2
- u ra cho php ln tng 3
- u ra cho php ln tng 4
- u ra cho php ln tng 5
- u ra iu khin thang i ln
- u ra iu khin thang i xung
V.6. CHN PLC V CAC MODUL VO - RA:
v.6.1. La chn CPU:
- la chn b iu khin phi da trn 2 ch tiu c bn l: Ch tiu v
k thut v ch tiu v kinh t.
- Chng trnh iu khin thang my l chng trnh c trung bnh i hi
dung lng b nh va phi, s u vo ra khng ln lm. Do vy ta dng
PLC ca hng OMRON m hiu l:
CQM1 -CPU21E
61


S lng im vo ra ln nht l 128.
Dung lng chng trnh l 3,2 K(words) C cng giao tip RS-232C
v.6.1.1. La chn cc modul vo - ra m rng:
- Nh phn lit k trn ta cn phi c 31 u vo v 26 u ra iu
khin thang . Trn CPU c sn 16 u vo do ta cn chn thm 1
modul u vo na
- iu khin thang my hon ton l iu khin vi tn hiu s. V
modul u vo sn c mc tn hiu u vo l 24 VDC nn ta chn 1 modul
vo m rng cng c mc tn hiu vo l 24 VDC
- Chn modul u vo c k hiu l
+ CQM1-ID212 + in p vo l 24V
mt chiu + Dng vo 24V vo
khong 6 (mA )
+ S u vo l 16 im .
- Chn modul u ra:
Cc modul u ra ca CQM1 c 3 kiu l:
+ Contact Output Unit + Transistor Output Unit + Triac Output
Unit Ta thy tn s ng ct iu khin thang my l thp nn ph hp
vi dng u ra cng tc, cc tip im ca cc u ra ny chu c dng
c 2A do d c th s dng ng ct nhiu thit b khc nhau. Ta chn
loi modul u ra c k hiu l :
+ CQM1 - OC213
+ in p chu c ca tip im l 250V xoay chiu v 24 V
mt chiu.
+ S lng im u ra l 32 im. v.6.1.2. Bng lit k cc tn
hiu vo ra:
62



STT TN U VO A CH K HU
1
t vi tr ca bin
00000
T
2
Cm bin bo xung tng 1
00001
CBX1
3 Cm bin bo xung tng 2
00002
CBX2
4 Cm bin bo ln tng 2 00003 CBL2
5 Cm bin bo ln tng 3 00004 CBL3
6
Cm bin bo xung tng 3 00005 CBX3
63



Bng phn cng cc u vo
7 Cm bin bo ln tng 4 00006 CBL4
8 Cm bin bo xung tng 4 00007 CBX4
9 Cm bin bo ln tng 5 00008 CBL5
10 Nt gi i ln tng 1 00009 GL1
11 Nt gi i xung tng 2 00010 GX2
12 Nt gi i ln tng 2 00011 GL2
13 Nt gi i xung tng 3 00012 GX3
14 Nt gi i ln tng 3 00013 GL3
15 Nt gi i xung tng 4 00014 GX4
16 Nt gi i ln tng 4 00015 GL4
17 Nt gi i xung tng 5 00100 GX5
18 Tn hiu y ti 00101 THT
19 Nt n yu cu cabin n tng 1 00105 CT1
20 Nt n yu cu cabin n tng 2 00106 CT2
21 Nt n yu cu cabin n tng 3 00107 CT3
22 Nt n yu cu cabin n tng 4 00108 CT4
23 Nt n yu cu cabin n tng 5 00109 CT5
24 Nt n m ca li 00110 MCL
25 Cm bin chng ngi vt 00111 CBCNV
26 Tn hiu ng ng c m ca 00112 MC
27 Tn hiu ng ng c ng ca 00113 C
28 Nt n ng nhanh 00114 N
29 Nt n u tin 00115 T
30 Tn hiu qu ti 01000 QT
31 Cm bin dng chnh xc 01003 CBDCX
STT TN U RA A CH K HIU
1
iu khin i xung
10000
X
2
iu khin i ln
10001
L
3 iu khin phanh
10002 p




65
I ------ 100000 ___ T I-- 100100 GX5
CBX1 nnnni I . I BO I -------------------------------- THT nmni I . I BO I
TN
HIU
BOV
380V.
4 iu khin m ca 10003 MC
5 iu khin ng ca 10004 C
6 Bo than i ln 10005 BL
7 Bo thans i xung 10006 BX
8 iu khin gin tc 10007 GT
9 LED 1 10009 LI
10 LED 2 10010 L2
11 LED 3 10011 L3
12 LED 4 10012 L4
13 LED 5 10013 L5
14 Cho php xung tng 1 10100 XI
15 Cho php xung tng 2 10101 X2
16 Cho php xung tng 3 10102 X3
17 Cho php xung tng 4 10103 X4
18 Cho php ln tng 2 10104 LT2
19 Cho php ln tng 3 10105 LT3
20 Cho php ln tng 4 10106 LT4
21 Cho php ln tng 5 10107 LT5
22 Cho php m ca 10108 CPMC
23 Dng chnh xc 10109 DCX
24 Bo qu ti 10110 BQT
25 LED DOWN 10111 LD
26 LED UP 10112 LU
Bng phn cng cc u ra

MODUL MODUL MODUL MODUL
NGUN CPU AU AUVAO AURA AURA

VAO MRNG

MRNG
V.7. LU CHNG TRNH:


CP NGUN CHO B IU KHIEN

C V TR CA BIN ANG DNG

66


s

DNG THANG
67



CV TR LNH


GIM TC




JLENH =
TAN:
s
PHT LNH CHY XUNG
PHT LNH CHY LN

C V TR TNG TD: 1-
4
C V TR TNG TU:2-5
GIM
TC

C V TR TNG T CB DCX
C V TR TNG T CB DCX

68



69


PHT LNH CHY LN
GIM TC

CV TR CC LNH

PHT LNH CHY XUNG
C LNH QU GIANG THEO CHl XUNG C LNH QU GIANG THEO CHl LN

GIM TC





TT TT

C V TR TNG TD: 1 -
4
C V TR TNG TU: 1-
4

C V TR TNG T CB DCX C V TR TNG T CB DCX

70



71



00000. LD 00000
00001 MOV #0001 ]
00002.
LD 00001
00003. AND 10006
00004. DIFU 04000
00005. LD NOT 04000
00006. MOV #0002 ]
00007. LD 00002
00008. AND 10006
00009. LD 00003
00010.
AND 10005
00011 OR LD

00012.
DIFU 04001
00013. LD NOT 04001
00014. MOV #0004 ]
00015. LD 00004
00016. AND 10005
00017. LD 00005
00018. AND 10006
00019. OR LD

00020. DIFU 04002
00021 LD NOT 04002
00022. MOV #0008 ]
00023 LD 00006
00024. AND 10005
00025 LD 00007
00026. AND 10006
00027. OR LD

00028. DIFU 04003
00029. LD NOT 04003
00030. MOV #0004 ]
00031 LD 00008
00032. AND 10005
00033. DIFU 04004
00034. LD NOT 04004
00035. MOV #0004 ]
00036. LD 00009
00037. AND NOT 00115
00038. LD HR0101
00039. AND 00101
00040. KEEP 07001
00041. LD 00010
00042. AND NOT 00115
00043. LD 10109
00044. AND 10101
72



00045. KEEP 07002
00046 LD 00012
00047 AND NOT 00115
00048. LD HR0103
00049 AND 10102
00050 KEEP 07003
00051. LD 00014
00052 AND NOT 00115
00053 LD HR 0104
00054 AND 10103
00055. KEEP 07004
00056 LD 00011
00057 AND NOT 00115
00058. LD HR0102
00059 AND 10104
00060 KEEP 07005
00061. LD 00013
00062 AND NOT 00115
00063 LD HR0103
00064. AND 10105
00065 KEEP 07006
00066 LD 00015
00067 AND NOT 00115
00068. LD HR0104
00069. AND 10106
00070 KEEP 07007
00071 LD 00100
00072 AND NOT 00115
00073 LD HR0105
00074. AND 10107
00075 KEEP 07008
00076 LD 07001
00077. LD 10000
00078 LD NOT 10005
00079 AND NOT 10006
00080 AND NOT HR0101
00081. OR LD

00082 OR 10100
00083 AND LD

00084. OUT 10100
00085 LD 07002
00086 OUT TR0
00087. AND NOT 10005
00088 AND NOT 10006
00089 AND NOT HR0102
00090. LD TR0
73


HR0103
HR0104
HR0105
10000
10101
00101
10101
7003
TRO
10005
10005
HR01
03
00101
TR0
HR01
04
TR0
HR01
05
10000
TR0
10102
10102
07004
10005
10005
HR01
05
10000
10103
HR0104
00101
10103
07005
10005
10005
HR01
02
HR01
01
1000
1
10104
AND
LD
ORLD
OR
AND
ORLD
OR
AND
NOT
OUT LD
OUT
AND
NOT
AND
NOT
AND
NOT
AND
NOT LD
AND LD
AND OR
LD AND
OR LD
LD AND
OR LD
OUT LD
LD NOT
AND
NOT LD
AND OR
LD OR
AND LD
AND
NOT
AND
NOT
OUT LD
LD NOT
AND NOT
AND
LD
AND
OR LD
OR
AND LD
74



00137. AND NOT 00101
00138 OUT 10104
00139 LD 07006
00140. LD NOT 10005
00141 AND NOT 10006
00142 AND NOT HR0103
00143 LD HR0102
00144 AND 10001
00145 OR LD

00146 LD HR0101
00147. AND 10001
00148 OR LD

00149 OR 10105
00150 AND LD

00151 AND NOT 00101
00152 OUT 10105
00153. LD 07007
00154. LD NOT 01005
00155 AND NOT 10006
00156. AND NOT HR0104
00157 LD HR0101
00158 AND 10001
00159 OR LD

00160 LD HR0102
00161 AND 10001
00162 OR LD

00163. LD HR0103
00164 AND 10001
00165 OR LD

00166. OR 10106
00167 AND LD

00168 AND NOT 00101
00169. OUT 10106
00170. LD 07008
00171 LD NOT 10005
00172 AND NOT 10006
00173. AND NOT HR0105
00174. LD HR0101
00175 AND 10001
00176. OR LD

00177. LD HR0102
00178 AND 10001
00179. OR LD

00180. LD HR0103
00181 AND 10001
00182. OR LD

75


00183. LD HR0104
00184. AND 10001
00185. OR LD

00186 OR 10007
00187. AND LD

00188. AND NOT 00101
00189 OUT 10107
00190. LD 00105
00191. LD 10100
00192 OR LD

00193 OR 00115
00194. LD HR0101
00195. AND NOT 10005
00196 AND NOT 10006
00197. KEEP 09001
00198 LD 00106
00199 LD 00115
00200. OR LD

00201 LD 10101
00202. OR 10104
00203 OR LD

00204. LD HR0102
00205. AND NOT 10005
00206. AND NOT 10006
00207. KEEP 09002
00208. LD 00107
00209. LD 00115
00210. OR LD

00211. LD 10102
00212. OR 10105
00213 OR LD

00214. LD HR0103
00215 AND NOT 10005
00216. AND NOT 10006
00217. KEEP 09003
00218. LD 00108
00219 LD 10106
00220 OR LD

00221. LD 10103
00222 OR 00115
00223 OR LD

00224. LD HR0103
00225 AND NOT 10005
00226. AND NOT 10006
00227. KEEP 09005
00228 LD 09002


00229. AND HR0101
00230 LD 09003
00231. LD HR0101
00232. AND HR0102
00233 OR LD

00234. AND LD

00235. OR LD

00236. LD 09004
00237. LD HR0101
00238. OR HR0102
00239. LD HR0103
00240. OR LD

00241 AND LD

00242. OR LD

00243 LD 09005
00244. LD HR0101
00245 OR HR0102
00246. LD HR0103
00247. OR HR0104
00248. OR LD

00249. AND LD

00250. OR LD

00251 AND NOT 10004
00252. AND NOT 10000
00253. AND NOT 01000
00254. OUT 10001
00255. LD 09001
00256. LD HR0102
00257. OR HR0103
00258. LD HR0104
00259. OR HR0105
00260. OR LD

00261. AND LD

00262. LD 09002
00263. LD HR
0103
00264. LD HR0104
00265. OR LD

00266. OR HR0105
00267. AND LD

00268. OR LD

00269. LD 09003
00270. LD HR0104
00271. OR HR0105
00272. AND LD

00273. OR LD

00274. LD 09004



00275. AND HR0105
00276. OR LD

00277. AND NOT 10001
00278 AND NOT 10004
00279. AND NOT 01000
00280. OUT 10000
00281 LD 09001
00282. AND HR0104
00283 LD 09002
00284 AND HR0102
00285 OR LD

00286. LD 09003
00287 AND HR0103
00288. OR LD

00289. LD 09004
00290. AND HR0104
00291 OR LD

00292. LD 09005
00293 AND HR0105
00294. OR LD

00295 LD 10005
00296 OR 10006
00297 AND LD

00298. AND NOT 10109
00299. OUT 10007
00300 LD 10007
00301. AND 01003
00302. OR 10109
00303 OUT 10109
00304. LD 10001
00305. OR 10005
00306. AND NOT 10009
00307. AND NOT 10006
00308. OUT 10005
00309 LD 10000
00310 OR 10006
00311. AND NOT 10109
00312 AND NOT 10005
00313 OUT 10006
00314. LD 00009
00315 OR 00105
00316. AND HR0101
00317. LD 00010
00318 LD 00011
00319 OR LD

00320. OR 00106
78



00321. AND HR0102
00322. OR LD

00323 LD 00012
00324. LD 00013
00325. OR LD

00326. OR 00107
00327. AND HR0103
00328. OR LD

00329. LD 00014
00330. LD 00015
00331. OR LD

00332. OR 00108
00333. AND HR0104
00334. OR LD

00335. LD 00010
00336. OR 00109
00337. AND HR0105
00338. OR LD

00339. AND NOT 10005
00340. AND NOT 10006
00341. OUT 10108
00342 LD 10002
00343. DIFU 04005
00344. LD 00112
00345. LD 10108
00346. LD 04005
00347. OR LD

00348. LD 08000
00349. OR LD

00350. OR 08001
00351. AND LD

00352. AND NOT 10004
00353. AND NOT 10005
00354. AND NOT 10006
00355 OUT 10003
00356. LD 00112
00357. DIFU 04006
00358. LD 04006
00359. TIM 000 #0060
00360. LD NOT 00113
00361. AND NOT 00110
00362. AND NOT 00111
00363. LD TIM 000
00364. OR 00114
00365. OR 10004
00366. AND LD

79


































10003
10005
10006
10003
00110
00112
0800
0
001
11
0011
2
0800
1
0100
0
10110
01001
1000
8
0100
2
101
11
1010
9
1000
2
000
01
0000
3
0401
1
0000
2
00003
3
0000
1
04007
00004
4
00002
00006
04008
5
00006
6
00005
4007
0000
8
0000
7
AND
NOT
AND
NOT
AND
NOT
OUT
LD
LD
KEEP
LD
LD
KEEP
LD
OUT
LD
OUT
LD
OUT
LD
OUT
LD
LD
KEEP
LD
OR
LD NOT
OR
KEEP
LD
OR
LD
OR
KEEP
LD
OR
LD
OR
KEEP
LD
LD
KEEP
LD
OUT
LD
OUT
LD
OUT
LD
00367.
00368.
00369.
00370.
00371.
00372.
00373.
00374.
00375.
00376.
00377.
00378.
00379.
00380.
00381.
00382.
00383.
00384.
00385.
00386.
00387.
00388.
00389.
00390.
00391.
00392.
00393.
00394.
00395.
00396.
00397.
00398.
00399.
00400.
00401.
00402.
00403.
00404.
00405.
00406.
00407.
00408.
00409.
00410.
00411.
00412.
80


00413. OUT 10012
414 LD 04010
415 OUT 10013
00416. END(0,1)
KT LUN
Thang my ch ngi c lp t cc to nh cao tng, phc v
cho vic i li ca con ngi v vn chuyn hng ho t cao ny n
cao khc theo phng thng ng. Yu cu ca thang my l phi dng
chnh xc bung thang, lc khi ng v hm phi m, to cm gic thoi
mi cho con ngi. c bit thang my hot ng phi an ton. Trong bn
81


n ny em cp n vic thit k h iu khin logic cho thang
my:
- Phn tch chi tit cu trc loi thang my ch ngi thng thng.
- Cc yu cu cng ngh, cu trc h thng tng quan.
- Chng trnh cng ngh tho mn cc logic t ra nhm p ng cng
ngh dng PLC v chng trnh c th thc hin, m bo yu cu cng
ngh t ra.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Bi Quc Khnh - Nguyn Vn Lin - Phm Quc Hi- Dng Vn
Nghi
iu chnh t ng truyn ng in
Nh xut bn KHKT- 1999.*
2. V Quang Hi - Nguyn Vn Cht - Nguyn Th Lin Anh
Trang b in - in t my cng nghip dng chung
Nh xut bn gio dc - 1996
3. Nguyn Bnh
in t cng sut
Nh xut ban KHKT - 1996
4. Bi Quc Khnh - Nguyn Vn Lin - Nguyn Th Hin
Truyn ng in
Nh xut ban KHKT - 1998
5. V Lim Chnh - Phm Quang Dng
Thang my
Nh xut bn KHKT - 1998
6. Trn Don Tin
T ng iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh Nh xut
bn gio dc - 1998
7. L Hoi Quc - Lm Tn Chung
B iu khin lp trnh vn hnh v ng dng Nh
xut bn KHKT-1999
8. CYRIL W.LANDER ( L ng Doanh - dch)
in t cng sut v iu khin ng c in Nh
xut ban KHKT-1999
82


9. Hng OMRON - CQM1
10. Hng OTIS . Co
Inside the world of Elevator