us ] ds

2013`14

d+\q+ nqTy<+

|. qsd+ VQ\T
VIVANA PUBLICATIONS
# 1-7-578/30/10, Geminic Colony, Zamistanpur,
Hyderabad - 500020, Cell. 9177091268
email. vivanapublications@gmail.com

` 30/-

Bharatha Arthika Survey 2013-14

Written by:

P. Narasimhulu

Copies:

1000

Price:

Rs 30/-

Copy Right :

Vivana Publications, Hyderabad

Publishers:

Vivana Publications, Hyderabad

DTP & Cover Design:

KALYANI GRAPHICS, Dilshukh Nagar, Hyderabad

First Edition:

August 2014

For Copies:

Vivana Publications, Hyderabad(9177091268) and

all leading bookshops in Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana

Printing:

Saitirumala Printers, Chikkadapally, Hyderabad

Information contained this book has been obtained by Vivana Publications, from sources belived to be reliable. However, neither Vivana Publications nor
its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither Publishers nor its authors shall be responsible for any
errors, omissions or damages arising out of use this information. This book is published with the understanding that Vivana Publications and its authors
are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services.

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1.
2.
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<X ] d , u$ wY n+#H\T..............................................................5 - 26
eqy_e~ ......................................................................................... 27 - 47
|uT ] |]d ............................................................................... 48 - 53
<s\T <e sVD............................................................................ 54 - 56
u+\T ] d+d\ T ..................................................................... 57 - 62
$<o #*+ |\ Xw+ .............................................................................. 63 - 65
n+srjT es + ................................................................................ 66 - 71
eekjT+ Vs sVD ............................................................... 72 - 80
|]X e T\ s+>+ ...................................................................................... 81 - 83
d e\ s+>+ ............................................................................................ 84 - 87
X, eT* edT\T, eTwqT ....................................................... 88 ` 90
yesD e]& dTds _e~ ........................................................ 91 ` 92
d\ Crj<jT+, s Crj<jT+, \d] <jT+ .......... 93 ` 93
2014`15 +< &{ eTTU+X\T.............................................. 94 ` 96

1. <X ] d , u$ wY n+#H\T
> s+&T ] d+es\T nq>, 2012`13, 2013`14\ 5% +f e> q d\
<oj(GDP) e~s T 2014`15 5X+ esTqT n~>$ T+#qT+~. > s +&T d+es\T m<Ts=q
] eT+<>e Tq+ |u e+ $ks+ > +~. | + b]X$T s+> re+> |u $+ #d+ ~.
\+ <y\DeT Z+~ , Vs <y\D+ n~+> +&+ ydT\TuT ksTT(comfort
zone) |H
=qk+~. $<o yD+, ybs s+>+ eq d yTsT>T<\, s +&b T +<qs
ksTT q s +{ n+{ T(current account def icit (CAD)) jT+D #jT >\ ksTT |&b e&+
2013`14 ] d+es+ d\ d sD
~X> \d eq s +&T Xu| ] De\T> #| e#T. +<
|uT <eT esTd> s +&e d+es+ L& +Z #&+~. M{ |_+_d |H jT esT
L& |+EHsTT. <y\D+ $T+> +&+ <e $<q(monetary policy) yK ] * |s# & y T
+&, Hds $Xk |qsT<] +#& <V<|& q T+~. ||+ # ] eed d\+> |+EqT+<H
n+#H\T, | + = n_e~ #+~q ] eed\ (advanced economies) |rsT Xq+>
+&+ e+{ y{ H|< + 2014`15 eT]jTT sT y d+es\ e TyTq e~ |* \T k~+#>\ eTH
$Xd+ \T>T+~.

<ojT sD s\T, y\T|* s\ e\q ] e~ HeT~++~. 25 d+es\ sT y

eTs yTTyT T<{ k]> esTd> s +&T d+es\T &| e~ s T 5 X+ +f e qy<+ ~.

us ] eed 2005 ` 06 qT+& 2007`08

es es T d > eT& T d + e s\ bT n+
eTT+<q& $<+> 9 X |> e~sT
k~++~. 2008`09 q ||+ # ] d+u+
qT+& eT+> \T+Tq <X ] eed dyq T
m<Ts=+{+~. 1986`87 eT]jTT 1987`88\ sT y
be Xu(25 d+es\ sT y) eTs esTd>
s +&T d+es\(2012`13, 2013`14) 5 X
| e~s TqT qy<T #d+ ~. jTs b++ q
d+u+ , ||+ # ] eed =qk>TTq k<sD
eT+<>e Tq+ ||+ # ] <<+ ds y T q n
=qk>T+~. B <ojT eek|syTq n&+\T,
< y \D & T \T & Bs * eT+< > e Tq+
=qk>T+~. eT+<>e Tq+ s n_e~ #+<TTq
] eed\ =qk>TTq $ksy T q eT+<>e TH
=qk+|> +~.
2004`05 qT+& 2011`12 eT< us< X e~

$eq |_ wH

d> Tq 8.3% +&>, 2012`13 eT]jTT 2013`14\

4.6% d>T e~sT eyT k~+#>*+~.
\+ #H dV ese q esT, n_e~ #+<TTq
] eed\ d>
T e~ 6.8% qT+& 4.9 X
| & b sTT+~. j s + > + 2012`13 eT]j T T
2013`14\ 0.2X+ d>T e~sTqT eyT
k~+#&+ +<q *k+~.
e~ HeT~+#& &T <y\D+ dyqT
$ds& + =qk>TH +~. 2011`12 8.9 X+,
2012`13 7.4 X+ q { <s \ d(wholesale
price index (WPI) ) 2013`14 6.0 X
|&b sTT+~. nsTTH ~ |{ ydT \TuT ksTT
$T+# +~. Vs edTe \ { <s \ d 2013`14
eTTdq <T d+es\ y] d>
T 12.2% +~.
~ Vss edTe\ { <s\ dN +f m+
n~+ > +~. e~, b<T|\T, |T&T\T, $eTjT+
yTT<\>Tq$ HeT~+#& sDyTq <y\D
5

us ] ds

|sT>T<\ n<we XT |X$ T+qT |k+~.

2012`13 s +T n+T T(CAD) &|
4.7% +&>, 2013`14 yTT<{ e d+ sT y
$<o s+>+ >=| eT\T| rdTe&+ 2013`14 ]
d+es+ eTTd H{ 1.7 X |&b sTT+~. 2013
>dT 28 H{ &\sY b\T+f ` 68.36 |T s+>
|&b sTTq sbsTT $\Te nyT] |]eD d&* +|
}V>H\ eT+> \|&+~. us |uT+,
usrjT ]sT u+ (Reserve Bank of India (RBI))
#s \ eT\+> 2014 e] H{ nyT] &\sY
sbsTT $\Te ` 61 #sT+~. 2013 d|+sY
=*H 275 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT> q $<o
es| \\T 2014 pH 20 H{ dTesT 40
_*j T H &\s T |] 314.9 _*j T H &\s
#sT HsTT. ||+ # ] eed $dTsTTq dyq T
m<Tse& us< X + dq<+ > +< $<o s+>+
#T #dT +Tq |]De\T X\T *dTH sTT.
X | s + > L & =+ y T s T > T < \ qT
> e T+# e # T . 2011`12 & | 5.7% q
<eT(fiscal deficit) 2012`13 4.9 X,
2013`14 4.5 X Z b sTT+~. s&
|sT>T<\ +f ej Z+#Te&+ e\H
yTsT>T<\ k< yT+ < #| e#T. <e eT]jTT s +{
n+T dsTuqT d\ ] dsD X
ud #\T> u$+#e#T.
<eT, s +T n+T T eq +
yTsT>T<\\ 2014`15 n~e ~ k~+#>\ T>T+.
n+<T mTe+{ d+<V + <T . nsTT |+EH y>+
H e T~> +T+~. 2012`13 eT& T , H\T> T
e d(Q3 and Q4) 4.4% n\ ksTT |&b sTTq
e~sT 2013`14 yTT<{ ed+(Q1) 4.7
X , s +& e e d + ( Q2 ) 5.2 X
|+E+~. <T|] s+&T ed 4.6 X
|&b sTT+~. ||+ # ] eed eT+> |+E+Tq
sTD+ L& us ] eed e~ sT |q+
e&+ <ojT nes<\qT L& =\+#e\dq
beTTKqT *jTCk+~.

ds |T&T\T &| dTesT 30 X+ +&>,

e~s T 5 X | +~. $ us< X &e+&
|]d T \qT Bs * +yT + | ` W{| {
s wj qT y\& + # s +& L& e~ eT+<>e TH
$_q ksTT |u $+ #dT H sTT. nsTT, |T&T\
s T u |q + q|{, e~s T 5 X+ |
+&{ eek|s y T q nes< |< q sD+> H=
#| e#T. e~ nes<+ > q eek|s y T q s\T
# HsTT. y{ |\T n< jTH\T d+q =
eTTKyTq nes<\T:

bC | b< q \| d s s j \T
rdTe&+ m<TseTq n&+\T ybs+
#d k\u |u$+ #dTHsTT. Be\
bC\ re C|+ ], |]|PsyTq
|T&T\T se&+ <T .

<T]j>eTeTq d_&\T |uT |T&
q neX\qT + yjT &+ bT eqsT\
{sTT+|qT | <] |{d T H sTT.

eqTb]+> |H~ e ksTT +&+.
eTTK+> eT\<q edTe\( capital goods)
$w j T + # d \+> +& +,
j s+>+ $\Te #sT e> +&+.

ds
$<H\T, dT\Tyq |s| , y<M\
ejT+ +Z | yTT<\>T y{ <s j s+>
e~, m>TeTT\ neX\T |+b+~+#*.

$ksy
T q nd+|T { s+>+ +&+, d+|T {
s+>+ d]|&Tq+ ]X eTT&T
b e&+. nedsy T q H| D\T =se&+.

<&y
T q eekjT e~ +& dJeyTq n~
] e~ k< + <T. n\ eekjT <
n~ ] e~ ++> esT+~.

s+ n~ Vs <y\D sDeTeTq
eek|s y T q n+X\qT |]w]+#e\dq neds+
+~. es{+> $$< <X q eT< esT\
deTd\T, \ ks\T, bdd+> edT\T
be&+, eekjT T\qT sc\ eT<
s* +#&+ e+{ deTd\qT |]w]+#*.

<ojT eek| nes<\T

s+>\ y e~ <sDT\T

|dT ] eT+<>eTq+| <ojT eek|s

nqTL\yTq TTT|eH\T eekjT+ e~,
s\ |u y < { bd> , ds |T&T\T, $<TY &&>, |]XeT\ s+>+ eT+<>e Tq+
e~ nH n+X\ <s+> $e]+#&+ sT>T+~. =qk+~.

$eq |_ wH

us ] ds

\ dN\T
&{ \T
1. &|, d++~ dN\T
&| (|dT es{ <s)
e~s T
&|( 2004`05 s ejT+)
e~s T
&| b<T| s T
&| eT\<q \qsT
\d] s Crj<jT+
(s ejT+, |dT <s\ e<)
2.

jT{ 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

`

2012-13

2013-14

2R

1R

PE

2R

1R

PE

T 6477827 7784115 9009722 10113281 11355073

%
15.1
20.2
15.7
12.2
12.3
` T 4516071 4918533 5247530
5482111 5741791
%
8.6
8.9
6.7
4.5
4.7
%
33.7
33.7
31.3
30.1
na
%
36.5
36.5
35.5
34.8
na
`
46249 54021
61855
67839
74380

$T*jTHqT\T

218.1

244.5

259.3

257.1

264.4a

3.8

9.6

8.9

7.4

6.0

12.4

10.4

8.4

10.4

9.7

_*jTH &\sT

279.1
47.44

304.8
45.56

294.4
47.92

292.0
54.41

304.2
60.5

16.9
16.9

16.1
21.5

13.2
17 .0

13.6
14.1

13.3
13.9

(d>
T)

<y\D+($eTjT <s \ d
(b]X$T ]\T))

CAB

d>T es| sT
M3

w&\T u+\ |s|

`/&\sY

y] esT%
X+ esT

e
e
e
f
Note: na: not available. 1R: 1st Revised Estimates, 2R: 2nd Revised Estimates, PE: Provisional Estimates.
a Third advance estimates.
b The Index of Industrial Production has been revised since 2005-06 on base (2004-05=100).
c At end March.
d Average exchange rate (RBIs reference rate).
e Fiscal indicators for 2013-14 are based on the provisional actuals.
f Census 2011.

$eq |_ wH

us ] ds

edTe \ |q + 2011`12 bs+uy T esTd>

2013`14 L& n<$<+ > =qk+~. nsTT B
_q+> $eTjT edTe \ s+>+ 2013`14 12.2%
e~s T k~+#&+ ]+~. 2012`13 b\T+f
2013`14 eT< sV eT]jTT eT $j><
edTe \T eyT n~ e~s TqT qy<T #dT HsTT.
2004`05 qT+& 2011`12 eT< <<| s+&+\
e~s T k~+q sD s+>+ > s +&T d+es\T>
y>+ sTT+~.
js+>+ e~ d++~+q > s+&T
d+es\ de#s C>> |]o*+#*. =*
n+# H \qT b]X$T d ( IIP ) < s + >
sb+~+#>, s +&T eT]jTT eT&e n+#H\qT eT]
$es\ L&q y] |]XeT\ ds (Annual Survey
of Industries (ASI)) <s+> j
sT #jT &+ ]+~.
<VsD CrjT n+{ >D+\(National Accounts Statistics) |s+ 2011`12 j
s+> e~
sTqT y] |]XeT\ ds y\&+q 2.7% qT+&
7.4 X de]+#&+ ]+~. { j s+>
e~s TqT C>> |]o*+#*q neds+ +~.
de\ s+>+ eT+<>e Tq+, | + n+sZ
es+, syD, ksJ s+>\ q |w+uq
e&{ s+>\ y>+ bZ e& sD+>
#|e#T. ||+# ] eed d\+> |+Ee&+
de\ s + > + ybs + e~ <V < | & e # T .
2013`14 u+ |s| 14.3 X+ |s>& + ]

1999`2000 qT+& 2012 ` 13 eT< d>

Tq 3
X+ e~s T k~+q eekjT+, nqT+< s+>\T,
TTT|eH\T nqTL*+#&+ 2013`14 4.7%
e~ qy<T #dT e&+ ]+~. nsTTq|{, =
s s+>\ eT+<>e Tq+ eT]+ re+>, Bs \+>
=qk>TH +~. yT +> sTT+> sb\T
2011`12 qT+& s>eTq+ |jT dTH sTT. yT +>,
u>TZ, eTT& |{*jT+ s+>\ eT&T H\T>T
d+es\T> e~ d+_+bsTT+~. 2006`7 qT+&
2009`10 eT< H\T>T d+es\ u>TZ
d>Tq 7.1% e~ k~+#>, 2013`14 eTTdq
<T |] H\T>T d+es\ 1.6 X |&b sTT+~.
u>TZ eT+<+#& eTBs D
deTd\T L&
=+ sDeTjsTT. 2004`05 qT+& 2013`14 eT<
eTT& |{*jT+ d$Tw y] e~s T(compound annual growth rate (CAGR))
e\+ 1.2% eyT
+&+ >eT+#*. u>T,Z |{*jT+ s +& ks
$j>+ *q$ {, y{ @s& |L\
|]d T \T ] eedq T re+> |u $+ #XsTT.
>& q s +&T d+es\T j s+> re+>
sX|] #sTT. s+>+ e\+ 0.2% y] e~s T
eyT k~++~. |q + |u e+ # $ks+ >
qT b]X$T dN(index of industrial production (IIP)) &{ <s y\&
e +~. b<$ T edTe \
e~ s T | q + es T d > eT& e
d+es+(2013`14) L& =qk+~. eT\<q

2004-05 <s \ T, s ejT+ e< &| e~(X+)

2R

1R

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

PE

2013-14

Source : Central Statistics Office (CSO).

Notes: 1R : First Revised Estimate, 2R: Second Revised Estimate, 3R: Third Revised Estimate, PE :Provisional Estimate.

$eq |_ wH

us ] ds

de\ sb\T * q T dk+~.

s+>\ y <sDT\qT &| y{ y{\qT
|]o*+#&+ <s u> ne>Vq #dT e#T. &|
eekjT+, < nqT+< s+>\ y{ ds + > >T Z
ek+~. 1999`2000 qT+& 2007`08 eT< m$T~
d+es\ \+ &| eekjT+, < nqT+<
s+>\ y{ 6.4 X+ bsTT+T Z+~. >,
\+ |]XeT\T eT]jTT de\ s+>\ y{ esTd>
1.9 eT]jTT 4.4 X+ bsTT+T |]+~.
&| yT +> eT]jTT sTT+> s+>+ y{
|\T d+es\T> eT+> >TZ ek+~. deT>
d+dsD\T rdTs |+ n~ e~ e\dq
neds\qT s+>+ rs< dwe Te+~.
&| j s+>+ y{ n~ X+ 2004`05
qT+& 2007`08 eT< \+ |s>& + sT>TT+~.
\+ ss{ u\T, b<T|\T, |T&T\T
<&+ > e~ #+<+ bT j s+>+ 10 X
|> y] e~s TqT k~++~. \+ qy~
j s+> sb\T #TsT>Z +&>, nqy~
j s+>+ mTe+{ esT s<T. 2008`09
qT+& 2012`13 eT< \+ &| j s+>
y{ <<| ds + > +~. +<Tq qy~ j
s+>+ y{ >DjT+> |s>> , nqy~ j s+>+
d>
Tq 3.4% y] e~s TqT qy<T #d+ ~.
&| de\ s+>+ y{ ds + > |sT>TH
+~. 2004`05 qT+& |sT>T<\ eT]+> +{+~.
nsTTq|{, $ds D
y>+ deTT\+> <T . 2004`05
qT+& de\ s+>+ $ds D
eTwqT, u++>
qsqT s+>\T n|< #<X\T> HsTT.
s+>\T k~dT q <&y T q e~ b<$ T+> 2010`11
sT y L& de\ s+>+ $ds D
eTTK #<+ >
+~. de\ s+> $ds D
]jT md{ eT]jTT ybs
de\T L& eTTKyTq y{qT * HsTT. 2010`11
sTy d+_+q < |H m<Ts=q de\
|< q+> <ojT es + , VA, ks J de\T HsTT.
b~ \q keTs + n~+ > q s+>\ =
dsyTq y> n+<Tbe&yT de\ s+>+
b~ \q +q <H e> +&{
sD+> #| e#T.
nH de\T dsT \ s+>\T, | +
| ] X e T\ s + > + V +| < s | & HsTT.
n+<Te\ eekjT+ eT]jTT |]XeT\ s+>\

$eq |_ wH

q+> n~ e~ b de\ s+>+ q+ qT

e~ y>+ n+<Te& reyTq +\T @s&sTT.
de\ s+>+ e~ |qsT<s D
dsT \(e&{)
s+>\ e~ |qsT<s D
| <s|& +~. |]|Ps
e~ dTds y T q |qsT<s D
b]X$T |qsT<s D

+< _+<Te.

b~ <sDT\T
b~ e~ eT+<>e Tq+ {e\ d+es\
+<q *k+~. CrjT qeTH ds s\jT+
(National Sample Survey Office) de#s+ |s+(
k<sD d ) X$T X e\ d+K 1999`2000
398 $T*jTqT +&>, 2004`05 458 $T*jTq
|]+~. < \+ <<| 60 $T*jTqT <
15 X+ |s>& + ]+~. MsT eekjT+, eekjT
s+>\ eT< deT+> $u+#& HsT. d+K
2011`12 473 $T*jTq |]+~. n+f @&T
d+es\ \+ X$T\ d+K 15 $T*jTqT <
3.3 X+ |]+~.
2004`05 qT+& 2011`12 eT< eekjT+,
< nqT+< s+> X$TX 36 $T*jTqT +Z ~.
eTsy| eekjTs s+>+ < \+ X$TX
d+K 51 $T*jTqT |]+~. +<T |]XeT s+>+
31 $T*jTqT, de\ s+>+ 20 $T*jTqT |s>& +
]+~.

yTT+ b~ |< q s+>\ y{(X+)

1999-2000

2004-05 2011-12

Source: Rangarajan, Seema, and Vibeesh (2014).

n~ X+ <X\ n$ n_e~ #+< eT+

eekjT+ b~ y{ bZ e& >eT+#e#T.
|]XeT\ s+>+ b~ |sT>T<\ sD s+>+
|< q y{ * +~. 2004`05 qT+& 2011`12
eT< sD s+>+ X$T X d+K dTesT 25
$T*jTqT |]+~. eqTb]+> s+>+ b~ 6
$T*jTqT |]+~. de\ s+>+ 2004`05 qT+&
2011`12 eT< X$T X 20 $T*jTq |sT>T<\
9

us ] ds

&| s+>\ y y{
s+>+

1999-2000

2007-08

2012-13

2013-14(P

NA
NA

Source: Calculated from National Accounts Statistics, CSO.

P: Provisional. NA: not available.
Note: Industry includes electricity, gas & water supply and construction sectors that are not indicated in the table.

+&>, n+<T es + , VA, s ks + s+>+

4.7 $T*jTqT, syD, ks J eTwq s+>+
5.4 $T*jTqT, |H +>, ]jT md{ ybs de\
s+>+ 5.3 $T*jTqT, eT{, ke e>
de\ s+>+ 5 $T*jTqT |sT>T<\ |++~.
{e\ \+ eTV\ ]X eT]jTT
X$TX u>keT+ >T <Z \ |++~. >MTD,
|D b+\T s +&+{q $< eTV u>keT+
>DjT+> |s>&yT B eTTKsDeT $Xw\T
#TTHsT.

e d <sDT\T
e d & | $es\T d + e s +
d + u $ +q qq y $ < \qT > T ] + # &
<V<|&sTT. |dT e~ y> eT+<>eTq <sD
2011`12 y T T< { e d + y T T< \ e>,
eqTb]+> s+>+ eT+<>e Tq+ 2011`12 s +&e
e d+ s+uy T + ~.
2010`11 H\T> ed+ bs+uyTq
yT+> sTT+> s+> eT+<>eTq+ |{
=qk>T+~. ]sjTs { \u yTsT>T|&
+
\ $<TY +<\ qT+& n~ $<TY e&+
$<TY, >dt, { ds| s s+>+ 2012`13 b\T+f
2013`14 n~ e~ s T qy<T #dT +~.

$eq |_ wH

deTw &e+&
T~ $eTjT+, |T&T\T eT]jTT $<o es
d++~+q s m>TeTT\T(m>TeTT\T ` ~>TeTT\T),
s s de\ yTT *| ] eed jTT deTw
& e +& ( Aggregate demand ) n+{s T . < X
n+{+> s+{ n+{ Xw+ <ojT b<T|\T
eT]jTT <ojT |T&T\ eT< n+s *jTCdT + ~.
n+s $<o b<T|\ # |P&e\dq neds
H=#TT+~.
2004`05 ds es{ <s \ e< &| |s+ >
deTw &e+& 2012`13 4.7 X+ +& >,
2013`14 5.0 X+ e~ qy<T #dT+~.
2003`04 qT+& 2011`12 eT< 7.8 X+ d>
T e~
k~+q |yT T~ $j>+ 2012`13 5.0
X, 2013`14 4.8 X |&bsTT+~. ds
|T&T\T(f ixed investment) 2011`12, 2013`14
eT< d\+> |]>sTT.
&| y{ |s+ > #dq|&T &e+& y|
eq n|< esT> d\ eT\<q \q(gross f
ixed capital formation) eq |H #|e#T.
2012`13 eT]jTT 2013`14 &| d\ eT\<q
\ q s T y{ @ + > 2.1 X + bsTT+T
|&b sTT+~. {, n~ ksTT q s m>TeTT
2013`14 deTw &e+& e~s T |sT>T<\ |< q
sDeTjsTT.

10

us ] ds

$eTjT+
T~ $eTjT ej |uT, |yT nH
s +&+{ +< $u +#&+ ]+~. |y T T~ $eTjT
ej T +( private f inal consumption expenditure
(PFCE)) y{ |H
|_+_d 1950\ qT+&
&| T~ $eTjT+ y{ ds+> >TZ+~. ~
@e+ Xs+ *+#<T . m+<T+f n~ <jT
ksTT\ sD+> T+u\ b<T| |] $eTjT+
y{ >T Z T +~.
1980\ =*H es m> T eT T q
sXs y T q |* \ sD+> |T&T\ d+ <ojT
b<T|qT bV+#&+ nedsy T q H|< + T+u\
$eTjT+ y{qT +Z # bV+#&+ | ds + ~.
y] e~ n~ |+ |q\T |dT q |{ 1980\
qT+& &| |uT $eTjT ejT+ y{ <<|

ds + >H =qk>T+~.
yTT+ T~ $eTjT+ Vs edTe \T, ues Cd,t
b> T\ y{ 2004`05 qT+& 2012`13 eT<
=$T~ d+es\ \+ 9.5 X+ bsTT+T
|&bsTT+~. ~ Vs edTe\ n~ <y\D
|_+_dT+~.
Vs+, uesCdt, b> bT d\ n<,
+<q +, $<TY, y< d+sD
, s> de\T eT]jTT
syD eTwH\ y{ L& bZ sTT+~. nsTT,
u++> de\T, HjT de\T, ybs de\T, J$
;e yTT<\>T y{ L&q s de\| $eTjT+
>DjT+> |]+~.
* $eTjT edTe \T(non-durable goods),
|+ Vs edTe| $eTjT+ Z, |s>eTq
~X> de\ $eTjT+ y| yTT>T#Z |&+ |sT>T+~.

] eed <\(H| {) n+sY |yV+

] eed $$< s+>\ eT< n+sZ nqTd+<H n+sY |]XeT < |yV e <s
|]o*+#e#T. dmdtz C> $&T<\ #dq 200`07 ] d+es d++~+q H| {`W{| { fT
|{ q T sb+~+#&+ ]+~.

] eed n+sY |]XeT < |yV\T(X+)

eekjT+ nqT+< s+>\T
|]XeT\T
de\T

eekjT+ nqT+<
s+>\ <\ |yV+
55.3
21.4
23.3

|]XeT\ s+>
<\ |yV+
7.7
68.2
24.1

de\ s+>
<\ |yV+
7.5
45.1
47.5

] eed yTT+ <\ y{(X+)

eekjT+ nqT+< s+>\T
|]XeT\T
de\T

11.8
59.6
28.6

Source: Internal calculations based on the CSOs input-output tables.

|{ |s+ eekjT+ nqT+< s+>\ d++~+q <\ 55.3% s+>\ qT+&

deTLsTe&+ ]+< y\& e +~. |]XeT\ s+>+ qT+& 21.4% eT]jTT de\ s+>+ qT+& 23.3%
<\T eekjT+ nqT+< s+>\ edTH sTT. |]XeT\ s+> nedsy T q <\ eT&+
s +&e+T s+>+ qT+& edT+ &>, H\T>e+T de\ s+> qT+& deTLsTTHsTT. de\ s+> nedsy T q
< d> |> |]XeT\T eekjT s+>\ qT+& edTq $wj >eT+#*. de\ s+>+ ]
sb\T \&> =qk>\+f |]XeT\ s+>+ jTT b<q @$T{ |{ *jTCk+~.
] eed edTq yTT+ <\ eekjT s+> 11.8 X+, |]XeT\ s+> 59.6 X+,
de\ s+> 28.6 X+ edTH sTT. {, ] eed ] |+Ey\+f |]XeT\ s+>+ ] |+Ee\dq
neds+ +~.

$eq |_ wH

11

us ] ds

e> T~ $eTjT ejT+ $$<

edTe \T, de\ \ y{
edTe \T, de\ {]

|dT <s \ |s+ w

2004-05 2012-13
Vs+, uesCdt b>
40.0
35.2
<TdT\ T b<s \ T
6.6
7.2
n<, +<q+ $<TY
13.8
13.1
| #s,Y | +>,
n|j
T Hdt, de\T
3.4
3.9
y< d+sD
s> de\T
5.0
3.6
syD eTwH
19.3
17.4
$H<+, $< k+d de\T 3.0
2.5
e> d+sD

2.7
3.8
e> edTe \T
1.6
1.8
s nHeTT de\T
4.7
11.5
Source: CSO

|T&(Investment)
d s |T & 2013`14 > D j T +>
|&b sTT+~. ds eT\<q \q, $\Tyq edTe \ dsD ,
k H+dt esT\T, <w\T, | \ desD
yTT<\>T y+{ *| |T&( Investment)
n+{sT. &| Hdty T +{ w Hdty T +{ s T
n+{sT. 1990`91 qT+& 2003`04 eT< Hdty T +{
s T d>
T 24.5% +&>, 2004`05 yTTyT T<{
k]> 30 X n~>$T++~. 2004`05 qT+&
2012`13 eT< d>
T Hdty T +{ s T 35.4 X+>
qy<+ ~. 2007`08 38.1 X+ >]c #]+~.
n~ e~ <X nsTTq 2004`05 qT+& 2007`08 eT<
Hdty T +{ s T d>
T 35.3 X+ +&>, 2008`09
qT+& 2012`13 eT< 35.5 X+> qy<+~.
2012`13 s +&T \ d>
T +f ~>C] 34.8
X +Z ~.
d\ ds |T& sT(rate of gross f ixed
investment)y T T + H dt y T +{ n ~ u >
y\& d T + ~. ~ 2004`05 qT+& >DjT+> |]+~.
2007`08 >]w ksTT #sT +~. n|{ qT+& >&Z +
bs+uy T + ~. dmdtz $&T<\ #dq * n+#H\
|s+ 2013`14 & ds eT\\q w 2.1
X+ bsTT+T> qy<+ ~. ~ 2012`13 +f L&
e. ds |T& |q yTq \+ L& &|

$eq |_ wH

$\Tyq edTe \(valuables) w k<sD+> |]+~.

Be\q yTT+ Hdty T +{ s T 35 X+ es e+~.
k<sD+> k esT\T &<T &T\ >Tse
+{sTT.
2004`05 qT+& 2007`08 eT< \+ yTT+
|T& |sT>T<\, |dT + Hdty T +{ s T |q +
e& L& |yT s=s{ s+>yT sD+.
2004`05 qT+& 2007`08 eT< |y T s=s{ s+>+
|T& e~ #TsT>Z +&, |dT <s 48.1% d>
T
e~ sTqT qy<T #dT+~. 2008`09 qT+&
2012`13 eT< e~sT 3.4 X ~>C]+~.
2004`05 qT+& 2007`08 eT< 23.9% y]
e~s T q |uT s+> |T& L& eT+>
ZbsTT+~.
B _q+> 2004`05 qT+& 2007`08 eT<
e\+ 12.3 X+> q T+ |T&(Household
investment) e~sT 2008`09 qT+& 2012`13
eT< 23.5 X |s>& + >eT+#*.
{, yTT+ HdtyT+T sT |H
s=sT HdtyT+T sT ~+#&yT b<$T
sD+.
ds |T& sT > eT&T d+es\T>
=qk>TTq |H |yT s=s{ s+>
d++~+q jT+\T eT]jTT keT $u>+ jTT
y{ >T <Z |< q sD+.
jT+\T eT]jTT keT $u>+ jTT y{
>T <Z \ b\T+f |y
T s=s{ s+> #+~q
sDs+> $u>+ jTT ds |T& s T |q +
# d\+.
sD s+>+ b\T+f jT+\T keT
$u>+ ybs d+{yT+ dsyT d+~+#&+
+<T sD+. ybs d+{yT + nqT>TD+> sD
s+>+ bC q T bs+_+#& > < \T|<
#jT & < |qsT<] +#& =+ ee~ |&T T+~.
eT+<>e Tq+ deTjT+ jT+\T keT s+>+
|T& k<sD+> sT|j >+ ne&+ bT n\
$j>(underutilization) L& >TseT+~. sD
sb\T Te+{ deTd\ >Tse&+ e>
+T+~.

12

us ] ds

|dT es{ <s \ e< &| $$< eed\ |T&T\ w X+

s+>+

1990-91
qT+& 19992000

2000-01
qT+&
2003-04

2004-05
qT+&
2007-08

2008-09
qT+& 2012-13
2012-13

*
Source: CSO.
Note: * Total investment will not be equal to the sum of the three components because of valuables and errors and omissions.

|T& eT+<>e Tq+: sD\T

d\ < yde e&sT HdtyT+{ sT
>TZ<\qT $e]dT+<? sY_# sV+#&q Real
Interest Rate Impact on Investment and Growth- What
the Empirical Evidence for India Suggests?

nH n< jTq+
yde e&s T |T& sj
\qT |u $+ #dT + <
y\&++~. nsTT {e\ \+ yde e&sT
e> q|{, HdtyT+T e~ \Vq|&+~.
e> +& yde e&s T |T&, e~ B|q +
#dT+<, nsTT n~ <y\D+ sD+> B
k~+#&+ nk< eT |s=+~.
d+d ksTT HdtyT+T |D[ yde
e&s T +f d\ e&s T m+ eTTKeT n< jTq+
d ++~. |T & s j \qT $e]+# & +
|s|(leverage) bqT L& sY_ n<jTq+
y\& + +~. |s| n~+ > +& eT* edT \T e+{
s+>+ { MT< e# s& n~+ > +&e#T.
, { MT< e# yde s& e&s T ej\T,
q><T |yV\ yK ] MT< <s|& +T+~.
e&sT ej\T |], q><T |yV+ Z,
d]|&T q+ { eT\<q |yV @sT #jT &+
we TeT+~. Be\q eTT+<T>H |D[ d<+ #dT q
= |T& bC\T be#T. s=s q><T
|yV+ |q + e\ 1. d y T q &e+&T |]d T \T,
2. <s q T ss TT+# X \Vq|&
+, 3. < KsT
n~+ e&+, 4. &*e ss sT y ed C|+
e&+ sT>TT+~.

$eq |_ wH

2007`08 s T y H dt y T +T e~
eT+<>e TH u dsD
m<TsjT c\qT jT
|& $<H\ n, |sesD nqTeTT\ C|+,
eT* ed T \ d + +~ + q +\T, u> T Z
nqTd+<H\ deTd\T, = b+\ yT +>|
w< + +& + y T T< \ > T q$ s D eTj sTT.
{(2012) |s+ ||+ # ] eed H\=
n bT nds L&Tq n~ <y\D+
| * + > s= s { H dt y T +{ eT+< > e Tq+
d+u$++~. ybs yesD+ dq\&+, ybs
$Xd + ( business confidence) d eTe& + L &
Hdty T +T eT+<+#& sDeTjsTT.
q+< T*H(2014) |s+ d\ e&s +f
yde e&s f deTw |T&T\ nqTL\+> +{sTT.
n$ e\+ |T&T\T ~+#&+ H\T>e+T
b eyT eVksTT. beD d\ ` ] #\sX
\T @M L& {e\ \+ d+u$ +q Hdty T +{
eT+<>e TH deT>+> $e]+# b jsTT.
ybs $Xd+ dq\&+ bT |]q n
L& Hdty T +{ eT+<>e Tq+ \b bw++~.
q+<, T*H\ |s+ d\ e&s qT +Z #&+ e\q
e& us+ qT+& d\* |Xe Tq+ \_+#e#T. =+#+
sTV+ q ] eed eT<*+> e
e&sT eT]+ <y\D <]rd, |T&T\qT
re+> |u$+ #ksTT. n+<Te\q HdtyT+TqT
bV+#& sD d+dsD\T, d|j
TY y| q
+& n&+ \qT =\+#&y T \+.

13

us ] ds

d\+> |s>&+ s m>TeTT yTsT>T<\

<V<|&+~.

$\Tyq edTe \T
\Te $\Te( store of value ) ed T e \T>
b<$ T+> +#TH dT\ qT $\Tyq (Valuables)$>
|s=+{sT. neT\yTq edTe\T, s\T s,
y+&, +>s+, b{q +, +>s+, y+& us D
\T
eksTT. M{ * +&+ e# esT
e\q ] eed jTT < keTs +| mTe+{
| |u e+ +&<T .
$\Tyq edTe\ =qT>\T {e\ \+
>DjTyTq &<T &T\T d+u$ dTH sTT. &| y{
y{ 2006`07 1.2% +&>, 2012`13 2.6
X |]+~. 2013`14 1.5 X |&b sTT+~.
+>s+, y+& ~>TeTT\ $\Te 2010`11 42.6
_*jTH &\sT +&>, 2012`13 55.8 _*jTH
&\s |]+~.
$<o es| es{ ds rdTse&+,
s +T n+T TqT +Z #&+ d+ nH #s \T
rdTe&+ ]+~. n+<T u>+> 2013 >dT
+< |uT+ +>s+, y+&| ~>TeT dT+\qT
|++~. Be\q +>s+, y+& ~>TeTT\ $\Te &\s
s|+ 40 X+ ,Z &| $\Tyq edTe \ y{
|&bsTT+~.

s m>TeTT\T
dsT \T eT]jTT s s de\(non-factor serm>TeTT\T dsT\T eT]jTT ss de\
~>TeTT\ eT< >\ ek CrjT >D+ s
m>TeTT\T> sksT. ||+# ] eed |P]>
\TH d#q\T dMT| u$wY |+#&+ <T.
nsTTq|{, ||+# ] eed |eTeT+<H
=* d + \T u s < X + m> T eT T b + >
\Te& <V<|& sTT. eTsy| s +T n+T
TqT jT++#& +< |uT +, usrjT ]sT
u+ #|{ q #s \T b<$ T+> nHeX edTe \
~> T eT s T V | ] q| { , ~> T eT T \qT
Z+#& <V<|&sTT. &| m>TeTT\ y{
2012`13 24.0 X+ +&>, 2013`14 24.8
X |]+~. ~>TeTT\ y{ 30.7 X+ qT+&
28.4 X |&bsTT+~. |*+> &| s
m>TeTT\ y{ 3.1 X+ bsTT+T |]+~.
~>TeTT\T Zbe&+ bT m>TeTT\T
vices)

$eq |_ wH

|_ |HH
<e u< eT]jTT &{ sVD(Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act)
#{ #|{ q sT y +< |uT <e T(f iscal
def icit) 2007`08 3 X+ \ $T+ &|

2.5 X +Z #&+ ]+~. 2008`09 ||+ #
] d+u+ sT y <e deTT\qT <X | P s+>
d&* +#&+ ]+~. Be\q deTw &e+& bT
e~s T |s>& + ]+~. 2010`11 yT D <e
|{w s D (fiscal consolidation) |jT qT |qsT<] +#&+
]+~. +< |uT + 2012 nsY de]+#&q
<e |{wsD |D[(roadmap)qT $w]++~.
2013`14 d+es <eTqT &| 4.8 X+
\+> s++~. sTy | d+es+ 0.6
X+ bsTT+T Z+#T+, 2016`17 H{
<eTqT &| 3.0 X +Z #\ |{ + +~.
<eTqT &| 4.8 X Z+#\H~
\ + >, 2013`14 4.5% <eTqT k~+#&+ ,
<e |{wsD deT neT\TqT ddT+~. |qT
s&T\T, |T&T\ |d+ VsD ed |&b e&+
bT ssTTr\T, e&\T, |qH #*+|\T &{ +f
n~+> q|{, ej &{ ksTT\ +f
~+#&+ <e |{w s D
qT k~+#&+ ]+~.
d\ ] eed n =qk>TT+&+,
||+ # eTT& #eTTsT <s \ T |s>& + e+{$ q|{,
+< |uT + <eTqT \ $T+ ~+#&+
<e \\qT k~+#& *jTCk+~. ej
w ksTT $T+ ~+#&+ e\q |L\ |u e+
#|T+~. n+<Te\q <e |{w s D
|jT qT dJe+
=qk+#\+f |qT ` &| w |dT ksTT\
$T+ |+#&+ m+ neds+ .
d_&\ |sT>T<\ 2008`09 sTy +<
|uT <eT |s>& |<q sDeTjsTT.
+{\sY qs |t n+{(CGA) |{ + q *
yde n+\ |s+ 2013`14 |< q d_&\ $\Te
` 2,47,596 T. 2007`08 &|
yTT+ d_&\
y{ 1.42% +&>, 2012`13 2.56 X
|]+~. 2013`14 de]+q n+#H\ |s+ 2.26
X d\+> >ZsTT. us Vs d+d( Food Cor-

14

us ] ds

poration of India)

$X\ d+k> s+>\T> eZ] +#&+ ]+~. b<T|\

s T 2003`04 29.0 X+ +&>, 2007`08 36.8
X+ n~ ksTT #sT +~. |{ < #]
>]w ksTT> *bsTT+~. 36.8 X+ n~ ksTT
qT+& d\ b<T|\ s T 2012`13 &| 6.7%
bsTT+ |&b sTT+~. |y T s=s{, |uT s+>
B me sD+. |yT s=s{ s+>+ b<T|
>&Z |]XeT s+>+ n\ e~, n\ u\T |< q
sD+>, |uT s+>+ HH &bsy T + |uT
s+> d+d\ b<T|\T >&Z + , |uT n<]{\T b<T|
#jTbe&+ sD+> #|e#T. T+ s+>+
b<T|qT ] b<T|\T eT]jTT u dT\ b<T|\
yTT+ > #| e#T. T+ s+> b<T| s T 2000`01
qT+& 2006`07 eT< d>Tq &| 23 X+>
ds|&+~. sTy qT+& &<T&T\ qe&+
yTT<+ ~. 2007`08 qT+& 2011`12 eT< T+
s+> b<T| ] b<T| qT+& u dT\
>DjT+> e]+~. |< q+> sD+, jT+\T
keT, k\ me> |T&T\T |&+ ]+~.
2012`13 sD sb\T >DjT+> >&Z +
T+u\ u b< T | \T L & | & b j sTT.
2013`14 sD s+> |H jT+\T keT
s+>+ d L& &e+ T+u\ b<T| L&
re |u e+ q|&+ ~.
|yT s=s{ s+>+ |T& d+ <q
u\(Retained prof its)qT sVDs $T>T\T/T
eT]jTT sT >T<\ dsT u T #jT &+ e+{$ s+>+
d\ <ojT b<T|\qT n+#H yd+<T ] jTT d\ b<T| +< eksTT. $ 2002`03
eedq T |_ , |y
T s=s{, T+u\T nH eT&T sT y y>+ > |], 2007`08 &| 9 X
|> #s& + ]+~. 1980\ 2 X+ +f e>

Vs <H\ dsD
ej, |C
|+|D eed +< D <H\ +< C <s \
eT< n+s+ $d]dT+&+ Vs d_& L&
|sT>T b+~. msTe\ d_&| jT+DqT
b + > myd q |{ jT]j <s \ T + e>H
HsTT. n<$<+ > |{\T <s \ | jT+DqT m
yjT >, & <s \ qT H\ sT ` 0.50 #=|q
|+# $<+> #jT&+ ]+~. T+u
d+es # ssTTr L&q m| d*+&s
d+KqT 2014 @| 9 qT+& 12 |+#&+ ]+~.
J\T d _ & u s + > D j T +> |s > &
&&TTHsTT. Vs d_& $wjT + |D[ d+|T +
\ |C |+|D eed | 2005 n+<Cd q |rsT
n+#H y~ |s+ |< y& n+~+# | >eTT
<H >qT +< |uT + d+ |P qT+& 2.4
>eTT\ <H $&T<\ #k+~. ~ |dT + q
|+|D jT++>+ <s |&m dt Vs <H\ |+|D
ejT+| re |u e+ #|+~.
n~ <eT k<sD+> |_ sTD us+
|sT>T<\ <]rksTT. us +< |uT n|\T `
&| w 2002`03 61.6% +&>, 2013`14
de]+q n+#H\ |s+ 49.4 X +Z ~. n~
k<sD &| e~sT bT e&sT d\+>
+&+ B <V< |&+ ~. yTT+ |uT n| n+sZ
n| 95.5% +&>, $T*q~ $<o n|.

<ojT b<T|\T

&| b<T| w(|dT es{ <s \ e< %)

n+X+

1990\T 2000\T 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

n~+*

d\ <ojT b<T|

23.0

30.6

36.8

32.0

33.7

33.7

31.3

30.1 36.8(2007-08)

T+ s+>+

17.7

23.1

22.4

23.6

25.2

23.1

22.8

21.9 25.2(2009-10)

] b<T|

9.6

10.8

11.6

10.1

12.0

9.9

7.0

7.1 12.0(2009-10)

u b<T|

8.0

12.3

10.8

13.5

13.2

13.2

15.8

14.8 15.8(2011-12)

|y
T s=sT s+>+

3.6

6.3

9.4

7.4

8.4

8.0

7.3

7.1

9.4(2007-08)

|uT s+>+

1.6

1.2

5.0

1.0

0.2

2.6

1.2

1.2

5.6(1976-77)

Source: CSO.
Note: * The f igure in brackets is the year in which the highest rate was recorded.

$eq |_ wH

15

us ] ds

+& |y
T s=sT s+>+ b<T| 2007`08 9
X |> #s& + s+>+ e >DjTyTq , ds y T q
yTsT>T<\, s=s{ u\ <s q+> \TdT+ ~.
sY_ n<jTq+ |s+ 2012`13 |uTs,
] s( HH |H jT ) +|\ u\T D
+ #sTT.
~ L& |y
T s=s{ s+>+ b<T|qT |u $+
#d +&e#T. 2013`14 j s+>+ |L\
e~ qy<T #dT e&+ e\ |y
T s=sT s+>+
b<T| s T |qsT<] +#& neX+ |+#&+ <T .
b< T | s T 2007`08 qT+& > D j T +>
>TZ+~.

<s \ T <e sVD

<y\D+
n+ eTT+<T eT&T d+es\T d>
Tq 8.6
X+> qy<q |<q {<s\ d <y\D+
(headline WPI inflation) ||+# e&{ <s\T
|&b e&+ Vs s edTe \ <s \ T >DjT+ |y T q
2013`14 H\T> T d + e s\ w k s TT
|&b sTT+~. dTesT 6 X+ qy<+ ~. nsTTq|{,
<ojT Vs edTe \ <s \ e& + =qk>TH
+~. 2013`14 yTT<{ e d+ { <s \ d
<y\D+ 5 X+ +f e> +~. nsTT,
Ls>jT\T, D <H\ <s \ T Xq+&+ |< q
{ <s \ d <y\D+ s +&e e d+ 6.6
X, eT&e e d+ 7.1 X #sT +~.
D <H\T, Ls>jT\ <s\T n<T| e&+
2013`14 H\T> e d+ <y\D+ 5.4 X
D
+ +~. Vs s j T\ <y\D+(core
inf lation) 2013`14 d+es+ yTT+ <<|
$<+> H\T>T d+es\ w ksTT 2.9 X+
e< =qk+~. Be\ $X\ <y\D+ eTq
+& e&T \T =+ yTs *|&
+ ]+~.
$eTjT<sT\ <s \ d(consumer price index (CPI)) qq ddt jTT <y\D+ n~ Vs
<y\D+ sD+> > s +&T d+es\T> 9`10
X + # T n+{ |T +~. nsTTq| { ,
Ls>jT\T, &>T &T, e+d+, #|\ <s \ <y\D+
eq >TZ<\ |*+> |<q $eTjT<sT\ <s\
d 2013 &d+sY sT y HeT~+#&+ bs+_+
2014 | e] H{ 25 H\\ w ksTT |&b sTT,
8.0 X Z+~. eTsy| Vs+, +<H\qT

$eq |_ wH

$TqVsTT+q s edTe \ <y\D+ y< +, $<,

T+ neds edTe\ de\ n~ <y\D+
sD+> | ksTTH +&bsTT+~.
2013`14 ] d+es+ Vs <y\D+
Vs s <y\D+ +f # me> +~.

|< q { <s \ d <y\D s\T

2013`14 H\T> e d+ es m$T~
ed\T> |<q |deTT<j\ d++~+q
<y\D ksTT, < #\q+ >DjTyTq n+s\T
+THsTT. 2013`14 <y\D+ |< q+> Vs+,
+<q <s \ #TH +~. s +& *d yTT+
<y\D+ eT&+ s +&T e+T\ b bw+#sTT.
> =~ d+es\T> q n~ <y\D+ |< q
sD+ Vs <y\DyT. +<T eek|syTq,
yesD s\T <V<+ #XsTT. Vs edTe \
<y\D+ ds + > =qk>TT+&>, < #< X \ T
e+ + >&#=~ esTTHsTT. <VsD,
2013`14 yTT<{ e d+ D <H\T, b{qT
edTe\T Vs <y\D+ |<q u>keT+
bw+#>, s+&T, eT& ed Ls>jT\T,
| + *>& \ T <y\D | rdT sTT. Vs
deTT<jT+ L& |de TT<jq |+&T eT]jTT
Ls>jT\T, >T&T, e+d+ eT]jTT #|\ b n~+ >
+~. |\ <jT ksTT\T |sT>TT+&+ b{H
<] Vs |<sq M{ $j>+ L& |+E,
n~ <y\D <]rk+~.
|+|D |< T H| D $T e\ Vs |<s\
ds| s |< mTq e< sT>T+~. ~ L& =+
yTs Vs <y\D sDeTe+~. sh
eekjT T\ es{+> $T{(Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC)) #{\ +<q
\T
dsT \ |+|D b{ bV+#&, eekjT
T\ CrjT es{ \q ++> HsTT. Vs
edTe \ |+|D nH eT< +s bs\T +&+ L&
<s \ T |s>& sDeTeTHsTT. n+<Te\ |+|D
esZ\ |q eT]jTT ds|s ]> e< MT<
+B]+#e\dq neds+ +~. <T >&qT,
ks J\ sD+ yTT<\>T eT* edT \ \q, |s Y
yqT, d+ {| b+>, V+&+ > yTT<\>T y{|
>DjT+> |T&T\T |&+ <s |+|D |< T \qT
|+ #j *. eekjT T\ es{+> $T{
#{\ +<q nes<\qT =\+, sT\

16

us ] ds

|ejT es esZ\qT bV+#+<T sh

|uT \T \ b bw+#*.
> eT&T ed\T> +<q <y\D+
s +&+ \ ksTT =qk>T+~. nH sc $<TY
{]|t\qT VTB]+#&+, & <s\| |uT
$<q+, &\sY| sbsTT $\Te D
+ #&+ yTT<\>Tq$
+<q+, $<TY <y\D+ n~+ e& |<q
sDeTjsTT.

<y\D+| <<+
n+srjT e&{ <s \ sbjTs+ >H
+{jT m+m|t n+#H yd+ ~. ~ |< q {<s \
d <y\D+ HeT~+#& <V<|&TT+~.
nsTTq| { , 2014`15 m H s D +>
TTT|eH\T nqTL*+#be&+, eT< b#+
u>[ sjT |]dT\ sD+> #eTTsT <s\T
n~+ > +&+ e+{ y{ e\ eTT| m<TseT+~.
msTe\ eekjT <\ d_&| |uT
sj
\T, d eT< T <s \ qT |+#&+ L& Vs
<y\D+| |u e+ #|qTHsTT.

<e |]De\T
2013`14 bs+u+ <y\D & >&Z +
bT <e |]d eT+> * |&
+ bs+_++~.
nsTT $<o es| es{qT d]+# neds+
se&+ B n+sjT+ @s&+~. 2013 yT
nyT] |& s ]sT >TD #s \T #|f d#q\T
|+#sTT. B |< mTq eT\<q + s* be&+
sbsTT $\Te sT>T @s&+~. $<o es|
es{ ds |qsT<] +#+<T sY_ e&s qT
|++~. <ojT <ees{ <e(liquidity)
~++~.
usrjT ]sT u+ 2013 p eT<
e]q k+&+> |d*{(MSF) sTqT 200 uddt
bsTT+T |+, 10.25 X #]+~. sEy <e
dsTuT ~(Liquidity Adjustment Fund (LAF))|
|]$T d++~ u+\ s &e+& eT]jTT
n|\ 0.5 X |+#&+ ]+~. sEy w
q><T \ w(cash reserve ratio (CRR)) neds
70 X+ qT+& 99 X |++~. es{ <e
\\T +Z #+<T q><T sVD _\T\ ys+ y
y L& sV+#&+ ]+~. #s \

$eq |_ wH

s T m+mdtm|t s T ksTT |]+~.

$<o es| es{ n >T eZ TTK+ |{q
H|< + 2013 d|+ sY 20 eT< e d dMT
qT+& | #s\ k<sDsDqT #|{+~. 2013
d|+ sY 20 qT+& 2013 nsY 29 eT< m+mdtm|t
sTqT eT&T <b\T> 8.75 X ~+#&+,
<y\D, <y\D n+#H\ n&T yjT&+
d+ s b s TqT | k] 25 udd t bsTT+T #=|q
7.75 X |+#&+ <s e&s T ]&sYqT k<sD
<e $<q |swq ] nqTd+<q+ #jT&+
]+~. u+\T *&{ eT]+ u> sV+#+<T
nqTe> sEy q><T \ w uqTqT 99 X+
qT+& 95 X +Z #&+ ]+~. n<q| *&{
|+|<\ #s > eT]jTT sY <e es{qT n_e~
#jT &+ d+ ]sT u+ 7 sE\T, 14 sE\
u++> eed jTT mH&{m 0.25 X
deqyTq M y]jTT s { sY s b\qT |yX |{+ ~.
]sT u+ 2014 qe] 28q q eT&e e d
<e $<q dMT s b s TqT 25 udd t bsTT+T
yTs |+ 8 X #]+~. ] eedq T dTs + >
<y\D jT+D es+Z |&+ d+ #s qT
< +#&+ ]+~. 2014 pH 3q s +&e ~ed
<e $<q |
q 2014`15 sY_ s b s TqT 8
X + e< d s + > +, k T * & {
s wj (mdtmsY)qT 50 udd t bsTT+T nq> 23 X+
qT+& 22.5 X Z++~. sY_ $<+>
u+ \T e T e< q | u T d L ]{ \ qT
+Z #Te& M\T *+, |y
T s+> eT]
sTD\T #+<T es+Z dT>eT+ #d+ ~.
$<o es| es{qT ds + > +#\H $<q
\ |_+_d 2013`14 yTT<{ nsu>+
<e(Liquidity) |]dT\T ]q+> HsTT. ]esY
s b, m+mdtm|t s T s +q |]$TH s T
+&+, s b s T <>sZ > +&+ 2013`14 yTT<{
ed+ <e esT jT+DH HsTT.
nsTTq|{, es| s T n jT++#+<T
2013 p, >dT\ sY_ #|{q | #s\T
<ees{qT sTT. |s ekq+> <e es{ s T
]&sYqT n~>$T+#sTT.
<y\D jT+D, $<o es| es{
ds |qsT<]+#&+ d+ sY_ <&yTq <e
es{ $<q+ yK ] nqTd]++~.

17

us ] ds

n+srjT es + , $<o #*+ |\

Xw+ , $<o n|
n+srjT es +
||+ # m>TeTT\T eT]jTT ~>TeTT us< X
y{ 2000 esTd> 0.7% eT]jTT 0.8% +&>,
2013 H{ esTd> 1.7% eT]jTT 2.5 X
|]+~. yTT+ us< X &| $<o es + y{
2000`01 21.8 X+ eyT +&>, 2013`14
H{ 44.1 X #sT +~.
us< X dsT \ m>TeTT\T 2013`14 312.
6 _*jTH nyT]H &\s #sT HsTT. 2012`13
dsT \ m>TeTT\T 1.8 X+ e~ eyT k~+#>,
2013`14 e~s T 4.1 X+> qy<+ ~. 2014
@| ` yT H\ m>TeTT\T 2013 d+es+H y
ek\ b\T+f 8.9 X+ e~ s T k~+#sTT.
|{*jT+ T\ T, +]+> edTe \T, skjTH\T,
y{ d++~+q T\T 2013`14 d+es|
yTT+ m>TeTT d> |> y{ * HsTT.
#eTTsT jTs ~>TeTT\T 12.8 X+ Zbe&+
~> T eT T \ 2013`14 8.3 X + D + +~.
2013`14 |{*j T +, # e TTs T eT]j T T
+ < q \( petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL) )
~> T eT T \ $\Te 0.7 X + |]+~. +>s +
~>TeTT\T 2011`12 1078 qT\T +&>, |uT +
rdTq |\T #s\ |*+> 2012`13 1037
qT\, 2013`14 664 qT\ |&bjsTT.
$\Te |s+> #dqsTT +>s+ eT]jTT y+&
~>TeTT\T 2013`14 40.1 X+ ,Z 33.4 _*jTH
nyT]H &\s D + #sTT. ~>TeTT\T u> D + #&+ ,
m>TeTT d\ e~ |+#&+ 2012`13 190.3
_*jTH &\sT q us< X es | T 2013`14
137.5 _*jTH nyT]H &\s +Z ~. <s s +{
n+T T >&Z L& <V<|& + ~.

de\ es +
de\ m>TeTT\T 2012`13 2.4 X+ e~
k~ + # > , 2013`14 4 X + e~ qy < T
#dT HsTT. de\ es + k~dT q $T>T\T {e\
d+es\ |sT>TTq us<X dsT\ es|
TqT |P&& dV]k+~. 2006`07 qT+&
2012`13 eT< $T>T\T d>
Tq d+es 38

$eq |_ wH

X+ dsT \ es | TqT u #k+~. 2012`13

s de\T 33.2 X+ dsT \ es | TqT |P&&+
]+~. 2013`14 de\ s+> m>TeTT d\ e~
|+#&+ , ~>TeTT\T |&b e&+ s m>TeTTT\T
dsT \ es TqT d> |> u #XsTT.

$<o #*+ |\ Xw+

us< X $<o #*+ |\ Xw+ (Balance of Payments (BoP) ) | ] d 2013`14 > D j T +>
yTsT>T|&+ ~. | + e] eT&T e d #
yTsT>Z +~. jTs b++ d+u+ & + , =
\ ~>TeTT\ us< X + &e+& |s> b e&+
2011`12 $<o #*+|\ Xw+| & *+~.
2012`13 ] d+es+q, sT y 2013`14
y T T< { e d + q < | ] d =qk+~.
2011`12 78.2 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT q s +{
n+T T 2012`13 88.2 _*jTH nyT]H
&\s( &| 4.7%) #sT +~. 2011`12 eT]jTT
2012`13\ nbjTsy T q ksTT q $<o #*+ |\
Xw+ |]d 2013`14 yTsT>T|&
+ ] eed
|Xe TqyT. nsTTq|{, 2013`14 |* + $TXeT+>
+~. yTT<{ e d+ n~ ksTT q s +{
n+T T 2013 yT es eT\<q |yV\
q+ |H +> s>& + dsT u T H+ ~. 2013
pH ` >dT eT< y>e +yT q dsT u T >, 2013
d|+ sY ` qe+sY eT< >DjT+> |]+~. dT\
=qT> | jTT.mdt. |& d syT {|]+> #dT + <H
uj+<q\ H|<+ 2013 pH ` >dT eT<
s +T n+T T ~<Tu T >Ts + ~. sT y
|yd usrjTT\ &b, u+\ $<o sTD
se\ sY_ bV\T |{+#&+
eT\<q |yV\T }|+<THsTT.
m>TeTT\T \Vq+> +&+, ~>TeTT\T
ds+> +&+ e\q q es T sD+>H
2012`13 s +T n+T T |]+~. us< X +
eTT& |{*jT+ ~>TeTT\| <s|& +&+,
+>s+ ~>TeTT\T n~ ksTT q|{, ||+ #
] d+u+ q H{ qT+& ~>TeTT\T ds + >
HsTT. n~ s+T n+T TqT 2008 d+u
| P s k s TT rd T =# +< T > T | j T \T
sT>TTq|{, 2011`12 \+ ##\ <T \
bT, 2013 yT qT+& s+T n+T T \+
ksTT $T+ |H +> #jT &+ |< deTd qT+~.

18

us ] ds

2008 d+u nq+s \+ ]dT #jT &+| n~

$eTTK * +&+, eT\<q |yV\| < |u e+
|&+, sbsTT es| sT yTT<\>Tq$ B
sDeTeTHsTT.
+>s+ e+{ nHeX ~>TeTT\| +\T
$~+#&+ <s |uT + |]d # ~<+ <T y>+ >
~*+~. +>s+, y+&| dyT dT+ 10 X+
>]w ksTT |++~. d ke]H u+&T( quasi-sovereign bonds), $<o yD n|\qT ds]+#&+
<s eT\<q |yV\ |sT>T<\ #s \T #|{ + ~.
]sT u+ L& $<o s HH s d&+ { &b
d+, u+\ $<o n|\ d+ | $+&qT @sT
#jT &+ 34 _*jTH nyT]H &\sq T dMT]+#&+
]+~. #s \T 2013`14 ] d+es+ e]
eT&T ed\ bT yTT+ ] d+es+
$< o # * + | \ X w + | ] d y T s T > T | & {
<V<|& sTT. 2012`13 es | T &| 10.5
X+ +&>, n~ m>TeTT\T, e ~>TeTT\
sD+> 2013`14 7.9 X bZ sTT+~.
2013`14 $<o #*+|\ Xw+ b|~q
es | T yTT+ 48.0 _*jTH &\sT +Z ~. +<T
+>s+, y+& ~>TeTT ~+| e\ 47% bZ >,
|{*jT+, #eTTsT, +<q jTs eT]jTT +>sjT s
~>TeTT >T <Z \ y{ 40% +~. n~ m>TeTT\T
25% es HsTT.
2013`14 yTT+ s $T>T\T 115.2 _*jTH
&\sT >, n+<T s n>#s\(invisibles) $T>T\T
28 qT+& 29 _*jTH &\s e< ds+> +~.
2012`13 63.5 _*jTH &\sT q k|yt s Y de\T
2013`14 d\+> |] 67.0 _*jTH nyT]H
&\s |]>sTT. 2012`13 1.9 _*jTH &\s
eT\<q + y[b >, 2013`14 1.3 _*jTH &\s
s eT\<q+ <X+ se&+ ybs de\T
kqTL\ eT\T|rdTHsTT. B 2012`13 64.9
_*jTH &\sT q s s de\T 2013`14 73.0
_*jTH &\s #sT HsTT. |* +> 2012`13
88.2 _*jTH &\sT> q s+T n+T T
2013`14 32.4 _*jTH &\s ~+#&+~.
B+ 2013`14 s +T n+T T &| 1.7
X |&b sTT+~. 2008 d+u |Ps d+es\
ksTT e+~.
s eT\<q |yV\T 2012`13 92.0

$eq |_ wH

_*jTH nyT]H &\sT +&>, 2013`14 k]>

47.9 _*j T H &\s | & b j sTT. | q +
bsTb*j HdtyT+{, d\* |s|, s
eT\<q s W{b d+u$+q eT+<>eTH
n< + | & T T +~. nsTT e d \ y]>
|]o*+q|&T <ojT, $<o s\ |* +> =+
n+s\T |+#sTT. eT\<q |yV\qT |+#+<T
#|{ q | k|t $+&dt |* +> dTesT 34 _*jTH
&\s yTs Hb \ T e#sTT. Hb \ bT s +T
n+T T e ksTT +&+ 2013`14
e~ s>eTH <]rd+~. 2013 e] e] H{
$<o es| \\T 292 _*jTH &\sT +&>, 2014
e] e] H{ 304.2 _*jTH &\s |]>sTT.
$<+ > $<o es| \\T d+es \+ 12.2
_*jTH &\s yTs |]>sTT. 2014 e] e] H{
$<o #*+|\ Xw+ b|~q |+|<\ 15.5
_*jTH &\sT +T+~. n+s dt` s
eTyT+{ sD+> nyT] &\sY +& $T>
s \ $\Te eq qw+ , +>s+ <s \ T |&b e&+
sDeTjsTT. 2014 pH 20 H{ $<o es|
\\T 314.9 _*jTH &\s #sT HsTT.
2013`14 sbsTT $\Te sT ><\ 2013 yT
bs+uy T + ~. 2013 pH eT]jTT >dT eT< q H\y
b|~q 5% n~+ > $\TeqT sTT+~. 2013
d| + sY s bsTT $\Te &\sY ` 63.75
D + +~. s T y s +T n+T TqT
Z+#&, eT\<q |yV\qT bV+#&
#|{q #s\ 2013 nsY sbsTT eTs
\T+~. &\sY $\Te ` 61.62 k<sD ksTT
#sT+~. yTT 2013`14 sbsTT \T,
ds|&+~. $<o d+k> |T&T\T(foreign institutional investment (FII)) |], $<o es+
, {
es| kqTL\ |u e+ |&+ ~. B+ 2014`15
es| sT 2013`14 s+&e nsu>+ q
|]d T \qT m<Ts=+ ds + > +~. nsTT, {
dN\ |sT>T<\ sD+> sbsTT $\Te |sT>T<\
# |]$T+> +~.

$<o n|
]sT u+ k] ]|q &b dMTsD

us< X $<o sTD eTT&> e]+~. 2012

e] H{ 360.8 _*jTH &\sT> q us<X
$<o sTD+ 2013 e] e] H{ 404.9 _*jTH

19

us ] ds

jT++> d+d]+#&+ yTT<\>Tq$

$<H |< q+> +&*. $<H +,
=qk+| , bs < s q T b{ d ybs
d+{yT +qT bV+#& <V<|& T T+~.

ds
y T q , y>e +yT q e~ d\ ] ds
|+ #jT &+ m+ eTTKyTq k<q +. ]
eTD, s+T n+T TqT Xc
jT+D +#&+ , <s ds + e&+ <s
B k~ + #*. +< T m< T se\d q
$<q|sy T q dy:

eT\<q ejT+| mTe+{ sJ +&
<eTqT jT+D +#&+ .

s
+T n+T TqT &| 2 qT+& 2.5
X+ eT< +& #jT &+.

<y\D Z+# |jT\qT y>e++
#jT&+.

eTq <X q Hu kqTL\ (demographic dividend)qT d~j>+ #dT y\+f
eekjTs s+>+ | d]> b~ *+#*.
|{ n~ X$TX eekjTyT b~
*dTq +<Tq >MTD eekjTs s+>+, j
s+>+, b~ neX\T yT+&T> +& de\
s+> $u>\| $<q|sy T q <w |{*.

] eed y > + | +Ee& , \ & >
=qk>&, |D, >MTD b+ u,
ke eT* edT \qT *+#&+ neds+ .

eekjT s+>+ 4 X+ y] e~ k~d,
d J ey T q eT]j T T d e T> ] e~
k< eTe T +~. B eekj T s + > +
|T&T\qT, < \ qT ys|s # & + , |+\
d+sD eT]jTT ;e, Vs <H\ dsD,
es{+>, syD, \ eT]jTT bdd+>\
d++~+q C $<H\T m+H neds+ .

&\s |]+~. 2013 &d+sY eTTd H{ eT]+

|] 426.0 _*jTH &\s #sT +~. us< X $<o
sTD us+ |< q+> Bs * n| HsTT. u
e& u< \qT * +& eT\<q Hb \ sTD |< \|
$y#H +\T $~+#&+ us<X $<o sTD
us+ |]$TT\ & +~.

e~ |qsT<s D b<e \T
+< |uT e~ |qsT<sD b<e\T
$<+ > HsTT.

Hdty
T +{ |qsT<s D

d\
] ds |+ #jT &+

eekjTs <>\ dw

eT* edT \qT |+ #jT &+

eekjT n_e~ ys |s#
& +
+ T s +& VT<+ > jT+D
q+<Tq HeT~+q e~, <y\D e&T \ e\q e#
d\ ] |* \| ke<q+> +&*. d\*
ds + bT d|j
TY y| +& +\qT =\+#&+ ,
&e+&qT ys|] #+<T s+>\ y> bV\qT
e&+ e+{ $d yT q sD d+dsD\| |uT
$<H\T +B]+#*.
e~ |qsT<]+# \+ L&q = ]w
b<e \qT ~>Teq $e]+#&+ ]+~.

e~ s TqT |+# & H dt y T +{ q T
|qsT<] +#&+ m+ \+. Bd+ s+>\
y> ] w H dt y T +{ $< H\qT
nqTd]+#&+ bT bC\ jTsqT\qT
y>e ++ #jT &+, neT\T $<H\qT eT<+
#jT &+ L& neds+ .

n~ e~ =qk+#& eT< *+>
< q T |+# eek> d+dsD\T neds+ .

>DjTyTq uesY eT]jTT bssY *+J\T
* q j s+> |qsTJ$+|C d+<T
nedsyTq |T&T\qT |qsT<]+# $<H\T
ned s + . | q T $< H\qT, | ] b\qqT
ds]+#&+, es{ nqTd+<q, $dsD,
d+d\ |yX+ eT]jTT weTD\qT Xd+#
|sq #{\qT s<T #jT &+, yD $y<\T,
yTT<\>T y{ d++~+q $y< |]cs

$eq |_ wH

2014`15` u$ wY <<+
j s+>+(eqTb]+>) eT |rsT
|<] dT+ <H n+#H\T, yTsT>T|&q $<o #*+ |\ Xw+ ,
||+# ] eed d\+> \Te&+ e+{ y{
H|< + 2014`15 us ] eed 5.4 qT+&
5.9 X+ eT< e~s T k~dT + < n+#H yjT &+
]+~.

20

us ] ds

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es| $\Te sT>T<\ e+{ sD\ e\ w+>
e]+~.
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+~. nsTTq|{, +< |uT +, ]sT u+ y\T|*
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~X> $<q|sy T q #s \T rdTy*. +<Td+
<e |{w s D (fiscal consolidation)qT =qk+#&+
bT d+k> n&+ \qT =\+# $<H T&
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7`8 X+ e~ sTqT k~+#&+ <T|] ]
d+es+ eyT k< eTeT+~.
n_e~ #+~q ] eed\T =+ sTq
H|<+ 2014`15 ||+# ] sb\T
|eTejT +#&+ sT>T+~. 2012
eT]jTT 2013 d+es\ d+#+ m<Ts=q jTs
b++ L& 2014 1 X |> e~ sTqT
qy<T #dT + < u$+#&+ sT>T+~. jTs|jT H
d+ u+ |yX |{ H> {y &b{ |d * { +sdt
s T e+{ $< q| s y T q # s \T sb ]
sb\qT ys|s T kjT u$dTH sT. B bT
nyT] d+jTT sc\ ]jT s+>+(real sector)
L& 2014`15 ||+ # ] eed | re |u e+
#|qT+~. <y\D+, d+k> n&+ \T, $<o es
ndeTT\\T m<Ts=+Tq eseq dj ]
eed e~ sbjTs+>H +T+< n+#H
yjT &+ ]+~.

$eq |_ wH

us< X + nds |]be&+ bT ]

eed n<eTTK ~X> #*+#&+ sT>T+~.
<VsD 2008`09 nq+s \+ ds |T&T\T
s#T> TTT|eH\T nqTL*+#be&+, #eTTsT
<s \ T |s>& + , kqTL\ n+#H\qT n&T e&+ e+{
$|\ |uy >Ts+~. Te+{ |]dT ds
<s \ T, s ejT+ e< 2014`15 &| 5.4 qT+&
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\T>\T>TT+~. b]X$T s+>+ 2014 @|
]q e~ |qsT<sD $T> d+eseT+ L&
=qk>TT+< u$+#&+ sT>T+~.
2014`15 e~ us ] eed 5.4 qT+&
5.9 X+ e~ k~+#e# n+#H yjT &+ ]+~.
nsTT ~>Te sD\ e\q 5.4 X+ e~ qy<T
|]$TeTjT neX\T me> HsTT.
1. HdtyT+{ e\j |q:bs+_+#&
rdTq #s\T(bC jTsqT\T, |]XeT
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4. TTT|eH\T k<sD ksTT +f e es\T
kjT n+#H yjT &+.

s+>\ y |]De\T
eekjT+ Vs sVD
2013`14 ]sT ksTT Vs <H\
k~+#&+ ]+~. > =~ d+es\
eekjT >DjTyTq esT\T e#sTT.
2012`13 b*d, 2013`14 Vs <H\ k>T
$ds+ dTesT 40 \\ VsT |]+~. eT&e
eTT+<dT n+#H\ |s+ 2013`14 ]sT ksTT
264.4 $T*jTH qT\ Vs< H\T njsTT.
>&q <T d+es\ d>T +f ~ 20
$T*jTH qT\T me e&+ $Xw+ . 2012`13
<q |+ 265 $T*jTH qT\T> n+#H
yjT &+ ]+~. yTTyT T<{ k]> <q |+\
Vs <H\T eT]jTT qH +\
d+es+ n~>$ T+#&+ ]+~.

21

us ] ds

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+&{ s+>+ d\ eT\<q \q(gross capital
formation (GCF)) ds+> |s>&yT |<q sD+.
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nsTTq|{, eekjT+, < nqT+< s+>\ yTT+
dm|t |uT ejT+(|uT |T&T\T, <\
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14.7 X | & b sTT+~. | y T |T & T \T
2007`08 12.6% +&>, 2012`13 18.1 X
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X+ K|t dH e&+, <X+ yTT+ k>T
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dTH sTT. 2014 pH us yesD XK(IMD)
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d+es+ esb |+|D # |Ts+> +~.
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eT]jTT > 10 d+es\ d>
T +f yTsT>Z +~.
k>T $ds + |s>& + , = m+| #dq eekjT
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y] \d] Vs <H\ \u 2009 162.1
\T +&>, 2013 186.5 \ |]>sTT. \d]
e+ qH\ \u 12.7 \ qT+& 15.8 \
|]+~.
n+#H\T us< X eekjT s+>+ jTT
m #|Tq|{, = +<q\T nH
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u ks+ bZ e&+, |+Cu, VsH sc\ k>T
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\H
d_&\ | ~ {dtbsT db sTqT |]>Dq
rdTe\dq neds+ +~. |+Cu, VsH sc\
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m+#TH $<+> sT\qT bV+#e\dq neds+
+~.
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++> esT+~.
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eekjT T\ d+ Bs * ds y T q es $<H
L& sb+~+#*.

22

us ] ds

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C &| &{ |s+, |]XeT\ s+>+
2012`13 1.0 X+ e~ qy<T #dT>,
2013`14 eT]+ Z 0.4 X |&bsTT+~.
yT +> s+>+ d++#&+ , j s+>+ s>eTq
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j s+>+ eT]jTT yT +> s+>+ &| esTd> 0.7
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sDs+>+ q eT+<>e Tq+ |* +> d\ T,
dyT+T s+> keTs+ n\ $j> >Ts+~.
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ksTT keTs |<] +q s+>+> eT\<q edTe \
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$eq |_ wH

|u y #|+~. neT\ e~, |< q+> qy~

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e d 4.5 X |&b e&+ ]+~. 2013`14
eT&e ed+ keTs $j>+ |<q+>
eT+<+>H +~. B 2013`14 eT&e e d+
| w& edTe \T $wsD eT]jTT neT\ w L&
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eT* edT \ bC C w&\T sD+> 99
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H\\ es +{+~.
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T Tq CrjT sV <sT\
sD+ 2012`13 26.5 X+ e~ k~+#>,
2013`14 33 X + | L \ e~ qy < T
#dT e&+ ]+~.
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X+ e~ #+~+~. yT +> s+> |s| |yV+
e~ e\+ 0.5 X+ eyT ]+~. $<TY s+>+
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T\ T, b<$ T V\T, syD eT]jTT +]+>
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|s| e~ sT 2011`12 44.8 X+ +f
2013`14 17.7 X D++~. f*+ s+>+
> eT&T d+es\ esTd> |H m<Ts=+~.
|< q eT* edT \ bC \ d++~+q
yTT+ $<o | |T&T\(foreign direct investment (FDI)) Hb
e~ s T 2012`13 60.9 X+
+&>, 2013`14 22.8 X bZ sTT+~. {e\
d + e s\ de\T, sD+, f * e T w q T ,
+|PsY k|yt s Y VsYy s ,Y Ww< \T bsd{ ,
{yTTu |]XeT, $<TY, yT\] |]XeT\T,

23

us ] ds

VA eT]jTT |s s+>\T >]w m|&t Hb \ qT qTeTT , | & bdd+>, sD+, f*eTwH

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e+{ |]XeT\ qT+& ss dT\T |sT>TTHsTT.
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y~(Financial Stability Report) eT* edT\T,
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m>TeTT\T, b~ |sT>T<\ <V<|&+~. b~ sTy jT$T+#& <>T\ d+ |yX|&+
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y{ 2011`12 H{ 26.9 X |]+~.
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ned
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|s yD
qT ] Code (IFC)) @sT |b~++~. +<T |<
eT+ XK es&+, ] s+> # d+dsD\ d+K q ] #{\qT es\ |s=+~.
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mission (FSLRC)) y~qT deT]+#&+
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] eT< e] + ` u++> s+>+

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24

us ] ds

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Tribunal). |H
jT @C\ es+> e# n|q T
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us<X |HjT eed jTT n$u
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d |s+ 1999`2000 qT+& 2004`05 eT< b~

e~ 2.8 X+ +&>, 2004`05 qT+& 2011`12
eT< 0.5 X |&b sTT+~. nsTTq|{, sT<>
s T dTesT 2 X+ e<H =qk>T+~.

eqy_e~

s\ eT< deq k~+#& dTds _e~

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Tq d+es 1.3 X+
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|{ >T]+#&+ ]+~.
qq |+<\ n_e~ #+~q eT]jTT
n_e~ #+<TTq <X\qT m <]ksq < ||+ #
|+<+ jTT n+ \ <X qT+~. u$ wY
]> @ |+<H us<X+ jTT +<q\qT,
n_e~ neds\qT |P]> |]>Dq rdTe\d
+T+~. deq d\T, eT& \\T, e>
u< \T(common but differentiated responsibilities)
nH n+X\qT = |+<\ <&+ > #=|+#e\dq
neds+ +~. n+srjT |+<\ < \ +<
n_e~ #+~q <X\ #] u< eT]jTT ||+ #
yesD eqsT\ y{qT +> s+#*.
n_ e ~ # + < T T q < X \ ned s y T q s H

|< d+K eT]jTT jTTe Hu us<X+

>=| Hu k\u * +~. | #d ejTdT
q Hu y{ 2001 dTesT 58% +&>, 2021
H{ 64 X |s>qT+~. Be\ neX\T
|+b+<&
+ bT dy L& m<TsTqTHsTT.
n+<Te\ $<q s \ T |< d+K q jTTe Hu
\ +> n_e~ ePV\qT s+, neT\T #jT e\d
+T+~. Hu k\u+(Demographic advantage)
se~+ > +&~ <T. {, |\T s>e++>,
$<e+ T \T>, d s q | D * q y]>
j sjT +<T m|{| &T #s \T rdTe& >]w
beTTK y*.
sd$T eqy_e~ y~(United Nations Human Development Report (HDR)) 2013
|s+ 2012 us<X+ 0.554 eqy_e~
dN(human development index (HDI)) ||+#
s++> 2012 q 134e s+ qT+& 136e
s+ | & b sTT+~. u s < X + # H , | ,
+&Hwj, <D|, $jT+\ \d eT<d
eqy_e~ +~. n_e~ #+~q <X\T,
nH s n_e~ #+<TTq <X\ b\T+f
us< X + s>+, $< d n+s\T me>
HsTT. $ b<$ T s>+, $<qT eT]+ y>+ >
$d] +#*q neds m #|THsTT.
us< X + eTw d>
T J$ \+ 2012
65.8 d+es\T >, l\+ 75.1 d+es\T,
#H 73.7 d+es\T +~. 2008 `09 qT+&
2013`14 eT< $<| ejT+ 2.9% qT+& 3.3 X,
s>+| ejT+ 1.3 X+ qT+& 1.4 X |]>sTT.
B ke de\| |uT ejT+ 2008`09
&| 6.8% +&>, 2013`14 7.2 X
|]+~.
|<] w 2004`05 37.2 X+ +&>,
2011`12 21.9 X +Z ~. yT q d+K
|<\ d+K 2004`05 407.1 $T*jTqT +&>,
2011`12 269.3 $T*jTq |&b sTT+~. k<sD

$eq |_ wH

dTds _e~ yesD e]&

25

us ] ds

ddt ( carbon space ) eT]j T T n_ e ~

neX\(development space) |+<\ us k
y*. |+<\qT neT\T #d e< eT+ deTd L&
eTTKyTq<. dTds_e~ \\ q eqsT\T
=se&+, V] yesD ~(Green Climate Fund)
ds q eT\<q + b e&+ e+{$ ||+ # <X\ eT<
#s \ $XdjT eTT|> essTT.
dTds+ us<X 12e |+#es |D[
|eTTK kq+ b+~+~. us< X + sH&j
&
<Zs\qT &| jTT jT{ 1990 qT+& 2011
eT< 20 X+ +Z #>* +~. us< X k+|<jTs
$<T# keTs+(renewable power capacity) 2012
qe] H{ 23 > y #sT +~. ~ us< X
yTT+ $<T# keTs + dTesT 12 X deq+.
yesD e]&| CrjT s#sD |D[(National
Action Plan on Climate Change) eT]jTT yesD

$eq |_ wH

e]&| sh s#sD
|D[\qT neT\T #jT &+
#| <>Z |s> k~+#&+ ]+~. =$T~ sc\
d++~+q yesD e]&| s#sD |D[\qT
|{ es y~+#&+ ]+~.
us< X 2010 qT+& 2030 eT< sHqT
+Z # (low carbon) ePV\ d+ ej\ yTT+
2011 <s \ |s+ 834 _*jTH &\sT neT+<
{e |DT\ $T{ n+#H yd+ ~. nedsy T q
eqsT\ |]eD+ # u yTT+ +&+ us< X
|jT \ ~ ++> ese#T. ||+ # <X\
eT< #s \T u eqsT\ wb $u q, |< eT]jTT
< <X\ eT< dV s, e< ej n]& ,
X<y T q k+ |]CH\(cleaner technologies) y|
eTs\&, eqsT\ $j>+ keTs yTsT>T<\
neX+ *+#sTT.

26

us ] ds

2. eqy_e~
] $<q+ s# T > ] e~ eT]jTT eqe d+ e T+ nH s +&T \\ eT< dTyT q deTT
b{+#&+ d+~> >TseT+~. ydy s +&+{ eT< ys T < + +&e\dq neds+ <T . ||+ #
] d+u+ nH $|\T *+q|{, e~ yqT|T|{q|{ us<X+ d+eT ejT+|,
|+ n&T>T esZ\ d+eT+| mTe+{ sJ |&<T. k+|T eT]jTT ] d$T+ s+&
\\T> *q \ $<H\ e~ # qq |sD {sTT+|\qT |*\T> es&
<V<|&TT+~.
n|< d+K n~ jTTe HuqT * q
us<X+ >=| Hu kqTL\ (demographic
dividend)qT * +~. 2020 H{ 125 #sT H
us< X Hu d>
T ejTdT n|{ 29 d+es\T
+T+~. ~ #H , nyT] d>
T Hu ejTdT 37
d+es\ +f e e&+ us< X \d e#
n+X+. | #d ejTdT Hu 2001 <>sZ < > sZ >
58% +&>, 2021 H{ 64 X $T+#qT+~.
2011 qT+& 2016 eT< 63.5 $T*jTq eT+~ =>
X$T X #sqTHsT. +<T L& 20`35
d+es\ ej deTV+ ys n~+ > +&qTHsT.
u s < X <= >=| d < e X + . Te+{
d<eX d~j>+ #dT , eqy_e~ ~X>
|s> k~+#*.

eqy_e~: n+srjT b*
sd$T n_e~ seT+(United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) ) | # T ]+#
eqy_e~ y~(Human Development Report
(HDR) ) eT& T b< $ T bs$T T \T < s + >
eqy_ e ~ d N( human development index
(HDI)) n+#H ydT +
~. eT&T bs$TT\T:
1. Bs \+, s> e+ y T q J$ +
J$+#&+ (to live a long and healthy life) 2. $<,
$Cq+( to be educated and knowledgeable) 3.
j>yTq ] Jeq |eD\qT nqTu$+#&+(to
enjoy a decent economic standard of living).

$eq |_ wH

eqy_e~ y~ 2013 |s+ 0.554

eqy_e~ dN(HDI) 2012 us<X s+
134 qT+& 136 ~>C]+~. 2012 yTT+ 187
<X\, 2013 186 <X\ eqy_e~ y~qT
sb+~+#&+ ]+~.
us< X + eqy_e~ + k~+#*+~
m+ +~. |dT+ #H, |, +&Hwj,
<D|, $jT+ <X\ \d eT< sV
eqy_e~ ] +~. e us< X + +f
e T eqy_e~ dN * HsTT. 2012 <
q l\+ nH d+es\T n+sT <+
q|{, n~ eqy_e~ { #sT +~. n_e~
#+~q <X\ bT nH n_e~ #+<TTq <X\
b\Tq|&T s>+, $< dN\ us< X
q n+s |P&\+f b<$ T y< +, $<qT eT]+
y>+ > $d] +#* +~.
d>
T jTT: |eD+ Hs 81.3 d+es\T,
nyT] d+jTT sc\ 78.7 d+es\T, u
73.8 d+es\T, l\+ 75.1 d+es\T, #H
73.7 d+es\T +&>, ||+ # d> T jTT: |eD+
70.1 d+es\T. nsTT 2012 us< X d> T jTT:
|eD+ 65.8 d+es\T eyT e&+ >eT+#*.
nsTTq|{, < n~ eqy_e~ dN
s+, n~ \d] <jT+ *q <D
| d>
T
J$ \+(53.4 d+es\T) +f us< X + n~
d>
T J$ * +&+ d+w+#<> Z n+X+.
us<X+ d>T bsX\ >&| ejTdT(4.4

27

us ] ds

d+es\T) #H , u, l\+, | e+{ n~

\d] <j\T *q <X\ +f # e>
+~. B bT e \d] <j\T *q
+><X, bkH\ +f L& e> +&+
+<q *k+~. us< X + d> T bsX \ >& |
ejTdT ||+ # d>
T nsTTq 7.5 d+es\ +f #
e e&+ u<sD
+.
eqy_e~ dN s++> ~>Te ksTT
q|{, 2000`12 eT< d>
T y] eqy_e~
dN e~ n~yTq, # n~yTq eqy_e~
*q <X\ +f # eTT+<T+~. 1.50 X+ d>
T
y] eqy_e~ dN e~ us< X + #H (1.42%),
u(0.73%), |(0.92%), +><X(1.46%)\
+f yTsT>Z +~. nsTT bkH +f yqT&+~.
1980\T, 1990\ V#Y& e~ nTe T+> q
#H , | <X\T 2000\ yqT&sTT. 1990\

=T|&q us< X + eTs 2000`12 |+E+~.

ke s+> ejT <sDT\T

n~ X+ ke s+> n+X\T sc\
|]~ q|{, k+|T se\ +<+ eT< T
=qk>T+~. +< |uT ke s+> ejT+
dsyTq |sT>T<\ +{+~. nsTT, 2008`09 H{
||+ # ] d+u+ , 2010`12 d+u$ +q jTs
b+ d+u+ sD+> q |L\ ]
|]d T \ {e\ \+ ke s+>+| |uT
ejT+ |&bsTT+~. nsTTq|{, 2013`14 ]
|]+~. yTT+ |uT ejT+ ke de\| #d
ejT+ 2010`11 12.61% +&>, 2011`12
11.43 X , 2012`13 11.93 X
|&b sTT+~. &{ n+#H\ |s+ 2013`14 ]
12.83 X |+E+~. >MTD_e~(|D[

||+ # eqy_e~ dN(V#Y& ) 2012 us< X d , ||+ # <sDT\T

<X+

V#Y&
2011
$\Te

nyT] d+jTT sc\T 0.936

s
jTTHf& +>&yT
sc

0.919
0.875
0.784

V#Y&
\d]
2012
<jT+
$\Te s+
2012

0.937
0.920
0.875
0.788

3
5
26
55

43480
35431
32538
14461

d> T bsX \ bsX \ 1980- 1990- 2000J$ d> T +& 1990 2000 2012
\+
\+ ejTdT
(2012)
78.7
80.6
80.3
69.1

13.3
12.2
9.4
11.7

16.8
16.4
16.4
14.3

0.40
0.85
0.47
.

0.33 0.27
0.81 0.47
0.70 0.33

Source : HDR 2013.

Note : a & b - Data refers to 2010 & 2011 respectively or the most recent year available; $: gross national income (GNI) per capita is
based on 2005 dollar purchasing power parity (PPP).

$eq |_ wH

28

us ] ds

|D[s) , |< q eT+ >eT d& jq(PMGSY)

dV ke de\| +< |uT + #d yTT+
ejT+ 2010`11 18 X+ +&>, 2011`12
15.79 X, 2012`13 15.12 X +Z ~.
eTs 2013`14 &{ n+#H\ 16.70 X
|]+~. eTsy| , +<, sh |uT \T s +& \d
ke de\T| #d ejT+ y{ 2011`12 $TqV
> =~ d+es\T> |sT>TH +~. 2008`09
+<, sh |uT \ yTT+ ejT+ ke de\|
#dq ejT+ y{ 23.8 X+ +&>, 2013`14 H{
25.2 X |]+~. ke de\| #dq ejT+
2008`09 &| 6.8 X+ +&>, 2013`14
7.2 X |]+~. \+ $<| ejT+ &|
2.9 X+ qT+& 3.3 X, s>+| #dq ejT+
1.3 X+ qT+& 1.4 X |]>sTT.

ksTT <]< sK\qT >eT b+\ s. 673

H\y] \d] $eTjT ejT+( MPCE)>, |D
b+\ s. 860 m+|d\T> n+#H yjT&+
]+~. B |s+ us< X + <]< s K ~>Teq
q | \ X + 2004`05 37.2% qT+&
2011`12 21.9 X +Z ~. <]< s K ~>Teq
q |\ d+K 2004`05 qT+& 2011`12 eT< 407.1
$T*jTq qT+& 269.3 $T*jTq Z+~. nq>
2004`05 qT+& 2011`12 eT< |<\ d+K d>
Tq
d+es 2.2 X+ bsTT+ #=|q +Z ~. |D[
d+|T + |<] =*# |< dMT+ #&+ d+ 2012
pH &s Y d. s+>sH n< q |DT\ $T{
@sT #d+ ~. $T{ 2014 pH 30 es
b&+#&+ ]+~.

ndeq+
|<]+
CrjT qeTH ds s\jT+(mHmdtmdtz)
sV+q 68e s+&(2011`12) T+ $eTjT
ejT ds &{ <s+> f+&\sY $T{ #dq
db sdT \ nqT>TD+> |D[ d+|T + 2011`12
<]<s KqT, |<] wT\ qT de]++~. n\ us

eqy_e~ y~ ndeqqT s +&T dN\

<s > D d T + ~. y T T< { d <j T
>TD+(income Gini coefficient). ~ <X+
e\ eT< <jT+ < $eTjT |+|D $#\H
> D d T + ~. u s < X + 2011`12 d + e s
d++~+ <jT >TD+ 33.4. B |s+ #d

yTT+ ejT+ ke de\T n_e~| +< |uT ejT+(%)

n+X+

RE

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

BE

Source : Based on Budget Documents.

$eq |_ wH

29

us ] ds

 +<, sh |uT \ ke ejT <sDT\T

n+X+

RE

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

BE

&| X+

yTT+ ejT+ X+

ke de\| ejT+ de\ y ejT+ X+

Source : Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as obtained from Budget Documents of union and state governments.

|<\ d+K X+
d+es+
1993-4
2004-05
2011-12
y] d>
T |q +: 1993-4 qT+& 2004-5
(d+es X+ bsTT+T)
y] d>
T |q +:2004-5 qT+&2011-12
(d+es X+ bsTT+T)

$eq |_ wH

|<\
>MTD
328.6
326.3
216.5

d+K($T*jTq)
|<] w(%)
|D yTT+ >MTD
|D yTT+
74.5 403.7
50.1
31.8
45.3
80.8 407.1
41.8
25.7
37.2
52.8 269.3
25.7
13.7
21.9
0.75
0.55
0.74
2.32

30

1.69

2.18

us ] ds

<D|(63.1), u(54.7), eTdj(46.2),

# H (42.5), l\+ ( 40.3), s c (40.1),
<sTT+&(40.0), (39.0), $jT+(35.6) n_e~
#+<TTq <X\ bT eqy_e~ dN s+
n~ + > q ny T ] d + j T T sc \ T(40.8),
b+&(34.1), ds+&(33.7)\ b*d us< X +
ndeq\T e> HjT #| e#T. us< X +
# <X\ +f ndeq\T e> +&yT
+&, 2010`11 36.8> q <jT >TD+
2011`12 9.2 X+ |&b sTT, 33.4 e+~.
s +&e~ +f <jT w(quintile income
ratio). +<T Hu n+ <qe+Tq 20%
d > T <j , n + |< q 20% eT+~
<j eT< w >Dk sT . 2011`12 us< X
+f <jT w 4.9> qy<+ ~. ~ nyT]
d+jTT sc\T(8.4), ds+&(5.5), (7.9),
b+&(5.5), sc(7.3), u(20.6), #H(9.6),
eTwj(11.3), <D|(25.3), |*|H(8.3),
< sTT+& ( 7.1) + f # e> +& {
>eT+#*. B{ us< X + | u>+ q 20%
eT+~, ~>Teq q 20% eT+~ eT< ndeq nH
<X\ +f # e #| e#T.
| s+&+{ d++~++< >MTD ` |D
n+s+ (rural-urban disparity). >MTD` |D n+s
=*#+<T H\y \d] ej(monthly per capita
expenditure (MPCE)) bs$T> |j
ksT .
B | T+u T+ JeH nedsy T q
{sTT+q $\Te> sksT. mHmdtmdt 68e
s+&(2011`12) n+#H\ |s+ >MTD b+
d>
T m+|d ` 1278.94 >, |D
b+ `
2399.24> s]+#&+~. ~ >MTD, |D b+\
eT< n+s\qT dw+ #dT + ~. nsTTq|{ 2004`05
ds <s\ e< ~ >MTD b+\ ` 703.42
+&>, |D
b+\ ` 1353.82> s]+#&+~.
ds <s \ e< yde m+|d 2004`05 qT+& 2011`12
eT< @&T d+es\ >MTD us< X + 25.9 X+,
|D
us< X + 28.6 X+ n~y T + ~. |dT <s \
e< 2011`12 m+|d Vs+ y{ >MTD
b+ 48.6 X+ +&>, |D
b+ 38.5
X+ eyT +~. 2004`05 ~ >MTD, |D

b+\ esTd> 55.0 X+, 42.5 X+ +&{

eTq+ >eT+#e#T. B { Vs+ #d KsT |D

b+ +f >MTD b+ n~ y>+ > >T Z T qT

$eq |_ wH

us< X \d] H\y ejT+

d+es+

s+&

>MTD

|D

ds <s\ e< H\y \d] ejT+(`)

2011-12
68e
703.42
1353.82
2009-10
66e
599.06
1200.01
2004-05
61e
558.78
1052.36
`)

2011-12
2009-10
2004-05

68e
66e
61e

1278.94
927.70
558.78

2399.24
1785.81
1052.36

Source : Various survey rounds of the National Sample Survey

Off ice (NSSO) on Household Consumer Expenditure in India.

dwe Te+~. @+C jTeT+ |s+ <jT+ |]>

=~ Vs+| ejT+ #d <jT+ y{ >T Z T +~.
{, >MTD b+ <jT+ |sT>TT+<
d+ |s+ u$+#e#T.

< sT<>+
k<sD d (usual status) b~ 1999 ` 2000
qT+& 2004 ` 05 eT< 398.0 $T*jTq qT+& 457.9
$T*jTq |]+~. <T d+es\ \+ b~
b+~q y] d+K 59.9 $T*jTq |]+~. nsTT,
2004`05 qT+& 2009`10 eT< |s> HeT~++~.
\+ b~ d+K e\+ 1.1 $T*jTqT eyT
|]+~. eTs 2009`10 qT+& 2011`12 eT< ]
|+E+~. ee~ 13.9 $T*jTq eT+~ X$T
X #ssT. k<sD d |s+ 1999`2000 qT+&
2004`05 eT< y] deTw b~ e~ s T 2.8 X+
+&>, 2004`05 qT+& 2011`12 eT< e\+ 0.5
X+ e~sT eyT qy<+~. |dT sEy
d (current daily status (CDS)) |s+ b~ e~s T
1999`2000 qT+& 2004 ` 05 eT]jTT 2004`05
qT+& 2011`12 eT< \ ee<T esTd> 1.2%
eT]jTT 2.6% qy<+ ~.
k< s D d | s + 2009`10 eT]j T T
2011`12 < e~ e> q| {
sT<>s T 2 X+ #TH +~. nsTT sEy
d |s+ sT<>s T |&b sTT+~. n_e~ #+~q
<X\ b\T+f us< X + sT<>s T e>H
q|{, sT<>T\ d+K e+ >DjT+> +~.
2004`05 11.3 $T*jTqT> q sT<>T\ d+K

31

us ] ds

us< X + < sT<> |]d

|<

1999-2000
2004-05
2009-10
b~ b+~q e\ T eT]jTT e sE\T($T*jTq)
k<sD d(|mdt G mdtmdt)
398.0
457.9
459.0
|dT sEy d(d&mdt)
336.9
382.8
400.8
sT<> e\ T e sE\T($T*jTq)
k<sD d(|mdt G mdtmdt)
9.2
11.3
9.8
|dT sEy d (d&m dt)
26.6
34.3
28.0
+ ee~ b*d dw+ # &q <>\T($T*jTq)
k<sD d(|mdt G mdtmdt)
59.9
1.1
|dT sEy d(d&mdt)
45.9
18.0
sT<> s T(X+)
k<sD d (|mdt G mdtmdt)
2.2
2.3
2.0
|dT sEy d (d&m dt)
7.3
8.2
6.6

2011-12
472.9
415.7
10.8
24.7
13.9
14.9
2.2
5.6

Source : Various survey rounds of the NSSO on employment and unemployment in India.
Note : PS+SS: usual status (principal + subsidiary) measures employment in persons, CDS: current daily status measures
employment in persondays.

2009`10 9.8 $T*jTq |&bsTT+~. eTs

2011`12 10.8 $T*jTq |]+~. nsTTq|{,
|dT sEy d(d&mdt) |s+ 2004`05
s T <> e sE\T 34.3 $T*j T qT +& > ,
2009`10 28.0 $T*jTq, 2011`12 24.7
$T*jTq >&Z + ]+~. B |s+ d&m dt +<
sT<> s T >DjT+> +Z #&+~. 2004`05
8.2% +&>, 2011`12 5.6 X Z+~.
2009`10 qT+& 2011`12 eT< < e~ #
d\+> q|{, sT<>+ |&be& sD+
Hu kqTL\(demographic dividend). Hu
jTTe Hu y{ |sT>TTq|{, ysT X$T
es{ e# <T\T $< MT<H <w |&TTHsT.
B sT<> s T |]qT |+#&+ <T . eTsy|
q $< qy<q $<sT\ d+K >DjT+>
|sT>T+~. 1990`91 q $< qy<T #dT q
$<s T \ d + K e\+ 4.9 $T*j T qT +& > ,
2011`12 28.5 $T*jTq |]+~. n> 1 qT+&
8e s> T \ d\ qy<T w(gross enrolment
ratio (GER) ) L & > D j T +> |]+~.
1999`2000 81.0 +&>, 2010`11 103.9
|]+~. +< ] b~ eT+ XK sY
s 2008 nsY qT+& = m+| #dq s+>\

$eq |_ wH

b~| e d ds \T sVk+~.

2013 nsY ` &d+sY eT< us< X +

b~| e d ds
ds qT f f , \T, yT, {yTTu ,
s\T us D
\T, syD, qs wH f\J/_|z
eT]jTT #H s+>\ 2013 nsY ` &d+sY
e d +< ] b~ eT+ XK
sY s sV++~. < |* \T $<+ >
HsTT.
1. 2012 &d+sY b\T+f 2013 &d+sY
b~ 4.19 \\T |]+~. ff s+>+
n~ |sT>T<\(2.86 \\ T) qy<T >, {/
_|z s+>+(1.09 \\ T) s +&e kq+ +~.
|]XeT 0.44 \\ T, {yTTu s+>+
0.16 \\ T, s\T us D
\ s+>+ 0.09
\\ T b~ |]+~. eTsy| V\T, syD,
#H, |es\yT s+> \+ b~
|L\ e~ qy<T #dT +~.
2. 2013 d|+ sY ` &d+sY e d+ yTT+
b~ 0.83 \ \ T |]+~. n ~
|sT>T<\(0.92 \\ T) f f s+>+ qy<T

32

us ] ds

>, {/_|z(0.17 \\ T) s+>+ s +&e kq+

+~. V\ s+>+ 0.20 \\ T, {yTTu
s+>+ 0.11 \\ T, s\T us D
\ s+
0.06 \\ T, syD s+>+ 0.02 \\ T b~
|&b sTT+~. B &T #H , |esY\yT s+>+
b~ |sT>T<\ |+#< T . |u e+ yTT+
b~ |sT>T<\| |u e+ #|+~.
3. 20e ed ds |*\T 2008 nsY
b*d 2013 &d+sY H{ s+> b~
33.25 \\ T |]qT dwe Te+~.

sc\ ke ` ] |]d T \T,

n+sY sc\ eT< b*\T
Hu
Hu d++~+ s sh+ <X Hu
e~(4.9%), d, |sTw w(1084) nH s +&T dN
nTe T |<s q rsT n sc\ +f n>kq+
+~. Hu e~ d+jTT +< |<X s +&e kq+,
d, |sTw w $TH&T sT y eT&e kq+
+~. ;VsY n~ Hu e~sT(25.4) *
+&>, VsH n e d, |sTw w(879) *
+~.

|<]+
| # d y] |< ] + q y]
w(headcount ratio (HCR)) 2004`05 s +&e
k q + q ;V sY sh+ 33.7% V#Y d sY
2011`12 yTT<{ kq+ e+~. &c sh+
s +&e kq+ y[+ ~. us< X d>
T |<] w
21.9 X+ >, ;VsY, &c\ bT eT< |<X ,
nk+, s |<X \T B +f me |<] ksTT\T
* HsTT.
>MTD |<]+ &c, eT<|<X\T s+&
yTT<{ kq+ +&>, ;VsY eT]jTT nk+ sc\T
sT y kH HsTT. s sh+ us< X + H
n\ |<]+(7.1 X+) * +~. Ve#|<X
(8.1 X+), |+Cu (8.3 X+) s sT y kH
HsTT.

>MTD ` |D n+s+

2011`12 >MTD b+ H\y \d]

$j>+ ejT+(MPCE) n e> q sh+ &c
>, ;VsY, eT< |<X , s |<X \T sT y kH
HsTT. |D b+ n e H\y \d]
$j>+ * q sh+> ;VsY \Te>, &c,
s |<X , eT< |<X \T < sT y kH *#sTT.
>MTD b+ n~ H\y \d] $j> ejT+
e~
*q sh+ s >, |D
b+ VsH yTT<{
;VsY sh+ 2012`13 d++~+ d\ sh kq+ +~. s sc\ b\T+f s
<oj(gross state domestic product (GSDP)) Vs+| n e ejT+ |dT + ~.
e~s T(15.1 X+), 2005`06 qT+& 2012`13 eT<
sT<>+
d>
T mdt&| e~s T(9.9 X+) s +&+{ yTT<{
de]+q k<sD d |s+ 2011`12 eT]jTT
kq+ +~. n> 2012`13 \d] <jT+
13.9 X+ e~ n sc\ +f |<e T kq+ 2004`05 d+es\T s +&+{q >MTD sT<>+
+~. ;VsY sT y eT&T dN eT< |<X nTe T >TsY n\+> +~. eT<|<X, skH
|rsTqT |<] ++~. M{ sT y >TsY, s\ T sTy kH HsTT. 2011`12 us<X+
T >MTD sT<>+ | ysTT eT+~ 17 +&>,
eT&T dN\+{ eT+ |*\qT qy<T d>
#dT, us<X d>T +f | ksTT HsTT. >TsY e\+ | ysTT eT+~ eTT>TsZ T eyT
nsTTq|{, mdt&| eTVsh, \d] <jT+ +&{ >eT+#*.
|D sT<>+ $wjT + L& >TsY yTsT> q
VsH yTT<{ kq+ HsTT.
2012`13 ] d+es d++~+ mdt&| kq+ +~. us<X |D d>T sT<> sT
ysTT 34 +&>, >TsY e\+ 8 eyT +~.
e~ $TH&T, d>
T mdt&| e~ nk+, \d] >TsY sT y s +&e kq+ q eTVsh ysTT
<jT e~ skH sc\T n&T >T kq+ 23 eT+~ sT<>T\T HsT. s sT<> s T(>MTD
HsTT.
eT]jTT |D s+&+{q) 2011`12 =+#+

$eq |_ wH

33

us ] ds

qZ |{, |{ n~+ >H +~. sT<>,

| + #<T eq sT<>Tq eTV\T ds q <>+
d+ y +&yT sD+> #| e#T. ~ 15`59
d+es\ eT< d\ e> q ] u>keT
s T(labour force participation rate (LFPR))qT L&
ddT+ ~. >MTD eTV mm||t sY us <X d> T
# e> +~. sT<> s T s, nk+\T
n>kq+ +&>, ;VsY, |eT u+>, VsH\T
sT y kH HsTT. &c >MTD sT<>s T
n~+ > +&>, ;VsY, |eT u+>, +< |<X \T
<T|] kH HsTT. VsH n~ |D
sT<>s TqT * +~.

] d$T[ +
n s\ yD u+\T n sc
$d] +#sTT. 2013 us< X + n s\ yD
u+\ XK d+K 1,16,448 #sT +~. s |<X
n ~ + > 14,014 XK\T +& > , eTV sh,
+< |<X \T sT y kH HsTT.

\ ke s+> se\T

s>+
2012 X eTsD s T(Infant mortality rate
(IMR)) s n\+(12)> +&>, eT<|<X
n~+ (56)> +~. B sT y nk+ 55, &c,
s |<X \ 53> +~. us< X y|+ > X eTsD
s T 2012 42 qy<+ ~. qq s T L& s
n\+> e\+ 14.9 eyT +~. CrjT d>
T
qq sT 21.6 >, ;VsY n~+> 27.7
qy<+ ~. eTsD\ s T eTVsh, |eT u+>\
n\+> 6.3 +&>, n~ &c 8.5 +~.
CrjT d>
T eTsD s T 7.

$<
2010`11 6 ` 10 d+es\ eT< ejTdT
*q |\\ d\ bsX \ qy<T w(GER) 135.2
eT< |<X yTT<{ kq+ +&>, 127.7 ;VsY s +&e
kq+ +~. 84.3 sY |+Cu e] kq+
+~. 11`13 d + e s\ ej T d T y] sY
Ve#|<X n~+ > 113.8 +&>, 112.3
$TH&T s +&e kq+ +~. ;VsY n\+>
64.6 sY +&>, nk+ 67.9> qy<+ ~. 6 `
10 d+es\ y] b\T+f, 11`13 d+es\
y] sY e> +&{ >eTd, b<$T
s>T\ qT+& b<$Tq s>T\ e# d]
&b d+K |s>& *jTCdT + ~.
b<$ T, e< $T, q bsX \ $<] `
b<jT wT\ T s |<X , ;VsY\ n~+ >
+&+, n& $< HD| |u e+ #|+~.

$eq |_ wH

34

CrjT >MTD s> $TwH(National Rural

Health Mission (NRHM)) +< 24I7 >+\T
b<$T eT]jTT s s> +< de\qT
n+~+#&+ s yTT<{ kq+ +~. &
2328 s> +<\T HsTT. $TH&T,
sCkH\T s+&T, eT&T kH HsTT.
Ve#|<X n\+> e\+ 156 s>
+<\T +&>, VsH 398 HsTT.
eTV >+B Crj T >MTD b~ V MT
# + ( MahatmaGandhi NREGA ) + <
2013`14 n~+ > $TH&T e
59 ~H\T b~ *+#>, s 57 |~H\T
*+#&+ ]+~. CrjT ksTT d>
Tq 46
|~H\T b~ *+#sT. nk+ n
e> 24 | ~H\T, |+Cu 33 | ~H\T
eyT b~ #|+#&+ ]+~. eTV>+B
CrjT >MTD b~ VMT #+ +< |~H\
\q eTV\ y{ s n sc\ +f
eTT+<T+~. sh+ b~ VMT |<+
93.4X+ eT+~ eTV HsT. 84.1 X+
eTV\ u>keT+ $TH&T s +&e kq+
+~. eTV\ u>keT+ s |<X e]
kq+ +~. & eTV\ u>keT+ e\+
22.2 X+ eyT . 24.8 X+ nk+
s |<X sT y kq+ *+~.
+~s ydt jq(Indira Awas Yojana (IAY))
+< 2013`14 44% \+ k~+#&+
]+~. 97.7 X+ \ k<q s yTT<{
kq+ +&>, 83.3 X+ +< |<X s +&e
kq+, 82.6 X+ s eT&e kq+
HsTT. 10.6 X+ \+ eyT k~+
|+Cu n&T >Tq +&>, Ve#|<X 17.1
X+ \ + eyT k~+ <T |] kq+
+~.

us ] ds

n+<TuT q $_q dN\ $$< sc\

|rsTqT >eT+q|&T $<H\| =+ dw edT+ ~.
e~ d N\ n T e T+> q = sc \ T
eqy_e~ dN\ $wjT + |\e+> +THsTT.
{, ke s+> se\ s|\q eT]jTT
neT\T, sc\ <T \ |+|D eqy_e~ D
L& |]>Dq rdTe\dq neds+ +~.

d$T[ e~ ke s+>
se\T
ke eT]jTT ] d$T[+ *dH d$T[
n_e~ neT+~. , n~ X+ d+<s\
ke + > y q T & q ys T , ] + > L &
$TqVsTT+#&TTHsT. u $T eekjT]\T,
dqsT s T \T, w&\T \T, w&\T >\ T, s
yqT&q s> T \T e+{ Hu nH esZ\ ysT
|{ ke eT]jTT ] yqTuTH
nqTu$ dH HsT. esZ\ y] |< qde+
rdTe# $<+ > |uT $<H\T s +#&sTT.
\+ d+ +< |uT+ |\T ke s+>
se\qT neT\T #k+~. y{ |<] s\q
b~ \q, ke d+sD, >MTD eT*
edT\T n_e~, |D eT* edT\T, $<
H| D_e~, s>+, eTV\T X n_e~, \Vq
esZ\ d+ e T+ n_e~ nH esZ\T> eZ] +#e#T.

|<] s\q b~ \q se\T

`132

|]+~. B eekjT ]\T eT L*

$wjT + use & X |+#Te&+ ]+~. |< +
neT\T e\q ] |*\T L& yTsT>T|&sTT.
ysYw& sb\T |+b+<sTT. e\d\T >ZsTT.
|< + +< {e\ \+ #|{ q = #s \T:

s usY n_j
H(NBA) +< T+ e>
eTsT>T<=& sD+, dMT X n_e~
de\(Integrated Child Development Services
(ICDS)) |<
+ +< n+>H y& +<\ sD+,
|+#jTY jTTe & eT]jTT U n_j H +<
>MTD & \ sD+ e+{ |< \qT
|<+ +< \|&+ ]+~. B bT
ysY w& s V D s e \qT L &
eTV>+B CrjT >MTD b~ VMT |< +
\|&+ ]+~.

eTV X$T\+<] e>
u+/bk|d T
U\qT se & #s \T rdTe&+ ]+~.

$+T, +], nH< eTV\qT >T]+,
<> sT\ qT n+~+#&+ .

$+>T\T, s <Ts\
e\ sh ksTT
| \+ b| ~ q s w& \TqT
|{ + #+<T #s \T rdTe&+.

>MTD JeHb~, eekjT sb\qT
<w |T, eT]= |qT\qT |<+
C_ #s &+.

Crj T >MTD JeHb< T \

eTV>+B CrjT >MTD b~ VMT $Tw H ( National Rural Livelihoods Mission
#+ : ] d+es+ | >MTD T+u (NRLM) ) ` nJ$:

100 sE\ +f e +& yq b~ *+#\H

\+ #{ e&+ ]+~. eT&e+T
eTV\ u>keT+ *+#&+, sTe, n&e\T
n+]+be&+, u ks j
T + e+{ <Tss <]<
<]rd deTd\qT |]w]+# dT\ qT dw+ #&+ ,
$<+ > dTds _e~ k~+#&+ #+ jTT \\T.
2013`14 ` 33,000 {sTT+| |< +
4.78 T+u\ 219.72 e |~H\T
*+#&+ ]+~. =] d>
Tq 46 e |~H\T
b~ \q ]+~. +<T w&\T \ y]
y{ 53% >, w&\T >\ ysT 23, eTV\
y{ 17 X+ +~. 2006`07 |<+ +<
d y ` 65> ssTT+#>, 2013`14 H{

$eq |_ wH

>MTD T+u\+{ d+|T{ |s, n$

<Ts\ <]<+ qT+& jT |& es eT< T n+~+,
<Te&yT |< + +. +<Td+ | T++
qT+& eTVqT 2024`25 H{ >eT ksTT
eTV djT+ d+| \T, | ksTT deK |]~
rdTeksT. 6 qT+& 8 d+es\ bT djT+
dV jT d+| \ H{esT q | T++ Vs
u <q T k~+#&+ , |+#jTrsC d+d\ dV s+
3`4 ds y T q JeHb<T \qT b+< #jT &+ B \ +.
$TwH 97,391 >e\ dTesT 20 \\ djT+
dV jT d+| \ e]dT + ~. +<T 3.8 \\ =
djT+ dV jT d+| \T HsTT. 2013`14 djT+

35

us ] ds

dV jT d+| \ ` 22,121.18 u+ sTD\qT

swjT dd ;e jq(RSBY): ~
|+|D #jT&+ ]+~. 2014`15 d+es ksY sT <] q><T sV s> ;e |< + . |d
mHsYm +< ` 3560 T {sTT+#&+ ]+~. |jq+ L& * +~. nd+|T{ s+>+
ds jT+ wV ] sC>sY jq(SJSRY)/ <]< sK ~>Teq q T+u\ y{\
b|~q ` 30,000 es s> ;e ks+
CrjT |D JeHb<T \ $TwH( NULM)
*ksT . |{ es dTesT 6.85 <]<s K
ds jT+ wV] sC>sY jq(SJSRY) ~>Teq q T+u\ d eq 70.98 \\
kq+ 2013 d|+ sY qT+& CrjT |D JeHb<T \ dT\ ;eqT n+~+#&+ ]+~. 2014 e]
$Tw H ( NULM )qT | y X | & + ]+~. | D 31 H{ 3.69 T+u\qT |< + |]~
sT<>T\T, n\ <>T\ #+& b~ *+#&y T e&+ ]+~. 2013`14 ] d+es+
$TwH \+. |D |<\qT djT+ dVjT |< ` 885.91 T $&T<\ #jT&+ ]+~.
T dd ;e jqqT nd+|T { s+>+ q
+<\T> d+|T { |s , es{ <] b~ swj
|j>|& H|D_e~ neX\qT *+, *> ys+<] <X\ y> $d] +#&+ sT>T+~.
|s| \_+# #d, djT+ b~ && ybs\qT
nd+|T { s+> X$T\ ke u <
bs + _ + # T H & & +| mH j T Tm m + #+ 2008 eT]jTT CrjT ke u <
+B]dT+ ~. |D
|<\ d ks\ ~: nd+|T{ s+> ]\ ke u<
& *+#&+ , |D
b+ M~ ybsT\ JeHb~ |< \qT db sdT #d CrjT ke u < usT,
deTd\| +B]+#&+ $TwH jTT \\T> sh ke u < usT\ @sT #+ M\T
+{sTT. 2013`14 ` 720.43 T $&T<\ #XsT. *dT+~. #H ]\T, \T^ ]\T, ]
6,83,452 eT+~ H| D_e~| D e>, 1,06,250 ]\T, ;& ]\ yTT<\>T y] ke u <
eT+~ djT+ b~ dV ]+#&+ ]+~.
|<\ n+&<+&\T n+~+#+<T ` 1000
b<$ T {sTT+| CrjT ke u < ~
ke |]sD se\T
@sT #jT &+ ]+~. ~ eTs ` 500 T
yT B ;e jq(AABY): >MTD #jT &+ ]+~.
u $T T+u\ bT 47 # eT\ deTV\ >MTD eT* ed T \T n_ e ~
#+~ <]<s K ~>Teq, <]<s K =+#+ m>Teq
+&, 18 qT+& 59 d+es\ | ejTdT >\ y] se\T
;e | < + e] d T + ~. sw j T d d ;e
>MTD` |D
\ eT< >]w ksTT de\q+
jq(RSBY) \_<sT\T L& |< ns * k~+#&+, de+ |<\T, \Vq esZ\ y]
+{sT. dV eTsD >Tsq y] ` 30,000, deq e~, neX\qT n+~+#&+ d+ >MTD eT*
|e<+ eTsD+q y] ` 75,000, |e<+ edT\T eT]jTT n_e~ se\ s|\q
b n+>y \ + * ` 37,500, |e<+ sD+> #jT &+ ]+~.
XX n+>y \ + < eTsD+ d+u$ d ` 75,000
>MTD >V sD+` +~s ydt
;e ks+ *ksT. >]w+> = T+u jq(IAY): sT|<\ yd >V\T
<s T |\\ H\ ` 100\ k\sYw| t ks + L& *+#&yT |<+ \+. \_<sT\qT >eTdu\
*ksT . |< = \_<sT y] |$TjT+ <s >T]ksT . ~\yTq , # eddT q
` 200. +<T 50 X+ ke u < ~ qT+& y] = ]+#&+
bT u $T |< y]
n+<TT+~. $T> 50 X+ |$Tj sh |uT +/ d \T L& {sTTksT . +~s ydt jq
H& @C < \_<sT&T #*+#*. 2014 @| +< yT< q b+ & sT|<\ ` 70,000,
30 H{ yTT+ 4.61 eT+~ |< + |]~ =+& b+\T, dMT |D[
e#sT.
|<\ ` 75,000 #=|q >V sD+ d+ ksT .

$eq |_ wH

36

us ] ds

# < ~q |q]sD+ d+ ` 15,000

n+~ksT . +{ d\ + =qT>\T ` 20,000 #*k sT .
2013`14 yTT+ 24.81 \\ >V\T ]+#\H~
\ + >, 10.93 \\ sD+ |Pss TT+~. 23.76
\\ sD+ HsTT. 2013`14 24.81 \\
sD ` 13,894.90 T {sTT+#sT. n+<T
` 12,970 T $&T<\ #XsT.

|< qeT+ >yT d& jq(PMGSY):

~ |P]> +< |uT <T \ q&TdTq |< + . 2001
Hu \ |s+ yT< q b+ 500, n++ f
me eT+~, | sc\T, m+| #dq ]q,
m&] b+\ 250 eT+~ n++ f me eT+~
edd s b+\ nqTd+<q+ >MTD
b+ nsyT q yd b+\+{ n yesD
|]d T \qT T H s& nqTd+<H *+#&+
|<+ \+. |< bs+_+q|{ qT+&
1,44,717 yd b+\ 5,44,462 MTs b&e
>\ s& sD ` 1,82,560 n+#H ejT+
bC\qT eT+psT #jT&+ ]+~. 2014 e]
e] H{ 3,99,979 MTs s& sD+ |Pss TT+~.
97,838 yd b+\qT s b+\ s& <s
nqTd+<q+ #jT &+ ]+~. 2013`14 25,316
MTs yTs n yesD |]d T \qT T H s&q T
]+#&+ ]+~. 6,560 yd b+\ qq+
nqTd+<q+ *+#&+ ]+~. +<Td+ ` 13,095
T ejT+ #jT &+ ]+~.

+&+ sT>T+~. 2013`14 1,41,838 yd

b+\qT \ +> |T >, 1,52,423 yd
b+\ e]+|CjT&+ ]+~. >MTD >T{
ds|s 2005`06 ` 4,098 T {sTT+#>,
2013`14 H{ {sTT+|\T ` 9700 |]>sTT.
mHmdtmdt 69e s+& ds (2012 p qT+& &d+sY
es >T{|) |s+ us< X + 88.5 X+ >MTD
T+u\ yTsT>q { eqsT\ qT+& >TsT
n+<TuT +~. 11.5 X+ T+u\T yTsT>T|&
{ eqsT\ qT+& { b+<TTHsTT. 2011 Hu
\ |s+ 84.2 X+ >MTD T+u\ q\T,
# |+|\T, eT\T +& ue\T e+{ yTsT> q >T{
eqsT\T n+<TuT HsTT.

>MTD b]X < + ` s u s Y

n_j H(NBA): 2011 Hu \ |s+ >MTD

b+\ 32.7 X+ T+u\ eTsT>T<=& ks +

+~. 2022 H{ n T+u\ b]X< ks +
*+#\H \ + 2012 s usY n_j HqT
bs+_+#&+ ]+~. H{ yTT+ ` 22,672
{sTT+| 607 bC \ qT eT+psT #jT &+
]+~. +<T ` 14,888 T +< |uT y{.
2011`12 s usY n_jH ` 1500 T
{sTT+#>, 2013`14 < ` 2300 |+#&+
]+~. <]< s K ~>Teq q y] bT w&\T
\T, w&\T >\ T, s \Vq esZ\ #+~q
<]< s K m>Teq q T+u\ L& |< +
Crj T >MTD > T { s e T+ +< e> eTsT>T<=&qT {sTTd +<q\qT
&+ ]+~. d+es e> eTsT>T<=&
(NRDWP): 2022 H{ >MTD b+ | e es
ks + *+q T+u\ d+K 2002`03 6.21
eT T+ b+>D+H < +{ qT+& 50 MTs \\T +&>, 2012`13 45 \\ |]+~.
<s+ | sE \d] 70 s( liter per capita 2013`14 2014 e] H{ 49 \\ |>
per day (lpcd)) >T{ n+~+#\q~ seT+
eTsT>T<=&q T ]+#&+ ]+~.
jTT \ +. se <X+ 68% T+u\
yqT&q b+\ >+T ~(BRGF):
e]+|Ck sT . nsTT, u >s \ eT{\T |&b e&+,
Hu |]be&+, seT+ |D[, neT\T, yqT&q b+\ >+T ~ se 2007
|syD >eT |+#jTr\T, eT{\T e> bs+_+#sT. >y $TqV $T> 28 sc 272
b\T|+#Tbe&+ e+{ sD\ e\q \ > T ] + # & q y q T & q \ ~
#s& + C|+ sT>T+~. >T{ eqsT\T \Tw+ n+<CjT&TT+~. |dT+ q n_e~ <T\
e&+ L& eTs= deTd> e]+~. 2014 e] n<q+>, k eT* edT q w y T q n+s\qT
H{ 73.8 X+ >MTD yd b+\ d+ 40 |P&&+ d+, s eqsT\ <s e# <T \T d]b
m|d & \ dTs >T{ n+~+#&+ sT>T+~. s n_e~ se\ ~ <s n<q| <T \T
$T> yd b+\ b+> dTs >T{ e&+ sT>TT+~. 2013`14 &{ {sTT+q
n+~+#&+ <, >T{ eqsT\ skjTq \Tw\T yTT+ <T \T ` 2800 qT $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~.

$eq |_ wH

37

us ] ds

b<$ T d+& $<

|D eT* edT \ se\T

ds_jH(SSA): u\ eT]jTT
eV sY H V A Crj T | D
|qsMsD $TwH( JNNURM): $TwHq T 2005 s+< $<qT V> esTd 2010 @| $<
& d+sY $w ]+# & + ]+~. | D eT*
edT\qT |+b+~+#&+, >V sD+, eT{
u>keT+, |D k d+d\ yT<q+ <s
|<\ b<$ T de\T n+~+#&+ | +B]+
$TwHq T neT\T #jT &+ sT>T+~. $TwHq T 1.
|D |<\ eT* de\ seT+(BSUP), 2.
dMT >V sD eT]jTT eTT] y&\ n_e~
seT+(Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)) nH s+&T se\
<s neT\T #jT &T+~. |D
|<\ eT* de\
seT+ <X+ 65 q>s\ e]d, $T> q>s\T
dMT >V sD eT]jTT eTT]y&\ n_e~
seT+ |]~ eksTT. _mdtjT T| +< 9,68,486
yd jT sD+ d+ ` 28,569.9 ejT+
519 bC\qT y~+#&+ ]+~. V#Ymdt&|
+< 910 q>s 5,52,288 yd jT sD+
d+ ` 11,681.51 ejT+ 1070 bC \ qT
nqTeT+# & + ]+~. 2014 e] 31 H{
8,03,453 ]+#>, 5,80,030 eT+~ \_<sT\T
yd+ +THsT. yTT+ ` 21,594.83 >qT
$$< bC \ +< dV s+ +< ` 17,117.99
qT sc\ |+#&+ ]+~.

sJy ydt jq(RAY): eTT]y&\T

us< X + \ + |< 2011 $w]+#&+
]+~. seT+ jTT dq< <X 54 |\{
bC \ T, 228 q>s\qT #s &+ ]+~. B yTT+
bC ejT+ ` 2468.51 T. >, +<T +<
|uT y{ ` 1361.84 T. neT\T <X ` 4003.55
bC ejT+ 78,664 yd jT sD+
d+ 112 bC \ qT #|
& + ]+~. +<T +<
|uT y{> ` 2169.35 qT eT+psT #jT &+
]+~.

V #+ 2009 neT e&+ ]+~. qq

bsX\\T, n<q| s> ><T\T, b<jTT\T,
bsX \ y\T|\ q |\\ | D , bs |d \T,
jTbyT\T, ed >V ks\T, syD, D
yTT<\>T y{ *+#&+ <s b<$ T, b<$ Tq
ksTT ks $<qT n+<] n+<TuT e&yT
\ +> ds _j HqT neT\T #jT &+ sT>T+~.
ds _j H <s 2013`14 es 3,57,611 qq
b<$T, b<$Tq bsX\\qT bs+_+#&+
bT 2,77,093 bsX \ ue H\qT, 15,87,836 n<q|
s> ><T \qT ]+#&+ bT 2,23,939 >T{
edT\qT, 7,83,349 eTsT>T<=&qT @sT #jT&+
]+~. 15.06 \\ eT+~ b<jTT\qT =>
jT$T+, 53.33 \\ eT+~ b<jTT\ u,
d s Y ksY d+s H ddT D
e& ]+~.
Be\q bsX \ &b d+K >DjT+> +Z ~.

eT<V uq |< + (Mid-Day Meal (MDM)

Scheme): |uT, k d+d\, |uT msTT&&
bsX \\T, CrjT u\ ] bC bsX \\T, n>
$< VMT |< + +< q&TdTq bsX \\T, |ejT,
qMsD
$< +<\T, eT<sk \T/eTu\T yTT<\>T
n bsX\ b<$T s>T\ VseTq
|\\ +<] eT<V+ &+ q y& uH n+~+#
\ + |< bs+_+#&+ ]+~. 2013`14
|< ` 13,215 &{ {sTT+#&+ ]+~.
+<T ` 10,923 T KsT #jT &+ ]+~. 10.80
eT+~ |\\T \_b+<sT. Vs qeTH\qT
mH m _m / d m dt sY / m| t m dt m dt m n & w H q
|j >X\ |\ T sV+#&+ bT |<
| s y + # + < T ke F( Social audit )
|yX |&+ ]+~. |< MDM-MIS yubs
<s |s y+ #&+ sT>T+~.

$< H| D_e~ se\T

swjT e<$T _jH( Rashtriya

Hu kqTL\ |* \qT |P]> b+<\+f Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)): d+&

us< X + |< d+K q jTTe HDyTq $<

n+~+, H| D\qT n_e~ #jT e\dq neds+ m+H
+~. |dT + b<$ T, d+& $< bT q,
k+ $< nH se\qT neT\T #jT&+
sT>T+~.

$eq |_ wH

$<qT n+<] n+<TuT e&+, 2017 H{

k<sD qy<T w(GER) 90 X |> |+#
$<+ > HDqT yTsT>T|s# & + , 2020 H{ &bqT
|P]> *bjT #jT&+ d+ sYm+mdtmqT
|yX |&+ ]+~. sYm+mdtm +< 2013`14

38

us ] ds

sc\ ` 3045.87 qT $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~.

<T\qT deTse++> $j+#&+, s +<
bj $< |< q bsX \ qs wH f\J,
d+& ksTT $+>T\ d$T[ $<, u*\
Vd |<+ yTT<\>T y{ eT< deTqjT+ d+
M+{ sYm+mdtm +< $q+ #jT &+ ]+~.

(UNESCO))

se +> dC+> *d
|C (King Sejong Literacy Prize) 2013 d ]++~.
b<$ T $<qT ksr]+#&+ ds _j H
m+ <V<+ #dq |{, HDyTq $<qT n+~+#&
+ m+ #jT e\dq neds+ +~. |<y T (Pratham)
nH d#+< d+d 550 >MTD u\\|
y & bs X \ | < + ( Model School sV+q y] ds The Annual Status of Educa \ keTs sD+ tion Report (ASER) 2013 nH kqTL\, |L\
Scheme (MSS)): d+& bsX
d+ |< |yX |{sT. |< s+&T n+X\qT y\& + +~.
qeTH neT\T #dTHsT. 1. sh/+< b* $< y] d
y~(@mdtsY) 2013
|uT \ <s $<|s+ > yqT&q u 3500
<s bsX\qT @sT #jT&+, 2. $<|s+> eTTU+X\T
yqT& u \ $T*q 2500 <s bsX \\qT = kqTL+X\T:
|uT , |y
T u>keT+ @sT #jT &+. 2014

|]q qy<T: >MTD us<
X + q 6 qT+&
yT es yTT<{ qeTH +< 22 sc\ 2166
14
d
+
e

s\
eT<

u\
2013
96.8 X+
bsX \\ @sT nedsy T q <T \qT +< |uT
eT+~ bsX \ qy<T #dT HsT. bsX \
y{ +< ` 3184.64 T $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~.
qy<T y] X+ 2012 3.5 X+
2010`11 qT+& |{ es 12 sc\ 1184 <s
+&>, 2013 3.3 X |&bsTT+~.
bsX \\qT sVD e&+ ]+~. 2012`13
bsX \ qy<T 11 qT+& 14 d+es\
| u T | y T u > k e bs + _ + , 500
eT< u*\ X+ 2012 6 X+ +&>,
bsX \\qT |b~+#&+ ]+~.
2013 5.5 X Z+~. 6 qT+& 14
ksY usY/ejq $<: d\ nsd|
d+es\ eT< u\ |y
T bsX \ #]q
+B]+#&y T ks Y usY \ +. 2011 Hu \
y] X+ 2006 18.7 X+ +&>, 2013
|s+ e\+ 73 X+ ns dqT k~+#&+ ]+~.
H{ 29 X |]+~.
+<T |sTw\ ns d 80.89 X+ >, eTV\

u* \ | eTs T > T <=& y T s T > T < \ :
ns ds T 64.64 X+ eyT +&+ +<q
eTsT>T<=&T(u*\T G u\TsT) bsX\\
s+. <X \+ |sTw\ nsd 5.6 X+
X+ 2012 8.4 X+ +f, 2013 7.2
bsTT+T |s>>, d\ nsd sT 10.9 X+
X >ZsTT. u*\ | eTsT>T<=&T
|]+~. 2013 e] e] H{ 25 sc\T,
q bsX\T 2012 32.9 X+ +&>,
+< b* b+ d\ ns ds T e> q
2013 53.3 X |]>sTT.
383 1.61 \\ >eT |+#jTr ks Y usY
se eT+psT #jT&+ ]+~. 1.52 \\

bs X \ eT] > + < \j \T: 2011
ejq $< +<qT @sT #d, 2.42 \\ >eT
>+<\j\T bsX \\T 28.7 X+ +&>,
deTqjTs\qT jT$T+#&+ ]+~. 2013 >dT
2013 22.9 X >ZsTT.
H{ 24.37 $T*jTq eT+~ nud\T Hwq

$<] ` b<jT w: $< V #+
d { |t z|H d*+> sV+# b<$ T |
|eD\ nqT>TD+> $<] ` b<jT
rsT\jsT. +<T H\T+ eT&=+T\ eT+~
w +> q bsX \\T 2010 38.9
eTV\T HsT. q H d+kH\ <s dTesT 2
X+ +f, 2013 H{ 45.3 X |]>sTT.
$T*jTq eT+~ ejqT\T $$< #eT H| D+

>T{ ks + yTsT>T<\: >T{ ks +
b+<sT. d+|Ps ks deC k~+#+<T ks
bsX\\T 2010 17.0 X+ +f, 2013
usY #dT q w >T]+|> jTTHk(United Nations
Educational, Scientif ic and Cultural Organization
H{ 15.2 X >ZsTT. y&{ nqTyq

$eq |_ wH

39

us ] ds

>T{ ks + q bsX \\ X+ 2012

q eT]jTT wq $< {e\ rdTq
73.0 X+ >, 2013 73.8 X |]+~. = #s \ $es\T:

q $<qT n+<] n+<TuT e&+,
|L+X\T:
HDqT |+#&+ , qq $< d+d\ qT @sT

>T
Z T q b<jTT&T ` s> >~ w:
#jT&+, $d]+#&+, y{ |{w]+#&+,
b<jTT& d+ s> q bsX \\T
| ] X< q \T, qM s D \qT b V +# & + ,
2010 76.2 X+ +&>, 2013 73.8
|eD\ nqT>TD+> <T\T {sTT+#&+
X |&b jsTT. +<T +< |<X , ;VsY,
yTT<\>T #s\ <s q $<qT |+
>TsY, VsH, eT osY, Cs+&,
#d, d+d]+#&+ d+ qq |< + swj
T
s, eTVsh, $TCs+ $TqVsTT+|.
# s Y _ j H ( Rashtriya Uchchatar

|&b
Tq b<$ T |sq ksTT\T: <e s>
Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA))qT $w ]+# & +
+&, 2e s> ksTT bs >+<\qT #<e >*>
]+~. 12e |+#es |D[ \+ q
ksTT *q $<sT\ X+ 2010 53.7 X+
$< d++~+q s eT* edT\qT
+&>, 2013 47.0 X |&b sTT+~.
*+#&+ bT n{qeTdt J\T/d s \Y
J\qT sh ksTT jTe]{\T> es&+

|&bTq n]yT{ ksTT\T: eT&e s>
<s 80 = j T e]{ \ qT @sT
#<T e d+ s +&+ \ rdy \ T #jT >*q
#jTqTHsT.
|\\ T X+ 2009 39.1 X+ +f 2013

||+
# u+ dV s+ k+ $< HD
26.1 X | & b sTT+~. V sH,
yTsT>T<\ seT+(Technical Education QualVe#|<X , eT osY, &c, |+Cu,
ity
Improvement Programme(TEQIP)) s
+&e
skH, s |<X \T +<T $TqVsTT+|.
<Xq T neT\T #jT &+ sT>T+~. ~ H\T>T

Z b T q | \ \ V s T : >MTD b< $ T
d+es\ seT+. 200 $< d+d\
bsX \ 1 qT+& 5e s> $<sT\ VsT
|dT + B +|{{ y |+ &+> MT< neT\T
2010 72.9 X+ +f 2013 70.7 X
#jT &+ sT>T+~. seT+ +< 187
|&b sTT+~. ;VsY, s, $TH&T\T +<T
d+d\ qT m+| #jT &+ ]+~.
$TqVsTT+|.

$<sTD\| e& ssTTr |<
2009`10

s>
>~ |\T s> T \T: >MTD |uT
| y X | & + ]+~. +& j T H u+
b<$ T bsX \ d> |> bsX \ 2
nkdjT wH( IBA) $< sTD+ |< + +< sTD\T
qT+& 4 s> T \qT >~ sVdTH sT.
b+~q ]+> yqT&q $<sT\ $<
sTD\| es{]jT+ ee~ |P] e& ssTTr
q eT]jTT k+ $<
e&+ sT>T+~. 2009`12 d+es\ eT<
k++ eq deTjT+ us< X + 20
$<sTD\| e& ssTTr ` 2,231.23
jTe]{\T, 500 J\T HsTT. 2012`13 H{
T $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~. B <s dTesT
jTe]{\T, jTe]{ ksTT d+d\ d+K 723
25 \\ eT+~ $<sT\ T \_b+<sT.
|]+~. 37,204 J\T, 11,356 &be ksTT

H | D D | * \qT beD ] +# & + ,
d+d\ T HsTT. n~ d+K q $< d+d\ T
#\qo\qT *+#&+ d+ CrjT e $<
*q <X us< X + {> m~+~. q $<
HD #{(National Vocational Education
k<sD qy<T w 2004`05 dTesT 10 X+
Qualif ication Framework (NVEQF)) CrjT
+f 2011`12 H{ s{+| ksTT $T+ 20.4
H|D HD #+( National Skill Qualif
X |]+~. 28.5 $T*jTq $<sT\ T q $<qT
ication Framework (NSQF)) $q+ #jT &+
nuddTHsT. HD us<X+ ||+#+H
]+~. # + u > + > 287 =
nTeT $< d+d\T =+{ * q|{,
b*f \qT k|+ #&y T +&, |dT +
k~+#e\d+~ + m+ +~.

$eq |_ wH

40

us ] ds

q 457 b*f \ ] dV s+ n+~+#&+

]+~. 2012`13 b*f \ <s 2.07
\ \ eT+~ D b+<s T . > < T
d+es\\ H\T>T b+rjT n|+{dtw|t
usT\ <s 3.5 \\ eT+~ D b+<&+
]+~.

H| D_e~
e\+ Hu kqT L \ q T d ~ j > +
#dT e& +&, eT]+ d$T[ e~ k~+#&+
d+ L& H|D_e~(Skill development) m+
neds+ . |DTq e\ &e+& ` ds| s eT<
q n+ s | P & +< T Crj T H | D_ e ~
s=swH(National Skill Development Corporation
(NSDC) ) 2014 e] es 158 | b< q \qT
y~++~. 129 D
|b<q\T, 29 s+>\ y
H| D eT+& neT\T ` 2215.89 ejT+ qT+~.
2000 d+es+ qT+& |{ es mHmdt&d d*+>
u>keTT\ <s 19,54,300 eT+~ b~ <]
H| D\ D
b+<sT. +<T 60 X+ eT+~
$$< s+> <>\T b+<+ ]+~. 2013`14
mHmdt&d u>keTT\T s> d+sD , eqTb]+>,
m VsYy s ,Y |s+, < + |j D+,
u++>, ] de\T, \s es + , qs wH f\J,
f f yTT<\>T s+>\ 366 10,05,074
eT+~ D e&+ ]+~. STAR |sT |d~
>+q Crj T H | D < M s D eT]j T T < e
bV\ |<+(National Skill Certif ication and
Monetary Rewards Scheme) ` 1000 &{
{sTT+|\ qq H| D\qT n+~|#Te&
< |dT+ q H|D\qT yTsT>T|s#Te&
eTT+<T e# y] q><T bV+ n+~+k+~.
|< + 2013 d|+ sY 16 qT+& neT e+~. |{
es 206 sT\ 4 \\ eT+~ |> f \T qy<T
#sTT+#THsT. 2014 e] 31 H{ 6,402 +<\
3,44,545 eT+~ f \ D
e&+ ]+~.

s> s+> {sTT+|\qT 7.44 X+ |+,

yTT ` 32,745 T #jT &+ ]+~. y< +
|Cs>+, T+ d+ e T+ eT]jTT { ds| s , b]X
< +| +<+, sc\ yTT+ s yq eT]jTT eT\<q
ejT+ 2006`07 ` 53,557 T +&>, 2012`13
&{ n+#H\ |s+ ` 1,36,296 |]+~.
12e |+#es |D[ s> s+>+| +< |uT
{sTT+| dTesT 200 X |> |]+~. 11e
|+#es |D[ s> s+> yde +> ` 99,491
T {sTT+#>, 12e |+#es |D[ ` 3,00,018
|+#&+ ]+~. ks s> de\qT
|d+V]+# |jTqT s+_+#&+ ]+~. s>
s+> d++~+q = dN\T |u ee++>
q|{, s+>+| #d ejT+ &| e\+ 1.4
X+ eyT +{+~. {, HDyTq , #q s>
d+sD
de\T n+~+#& + #jT e\d+~ m+
+~. s> s+>+ nH se\qT neT\T #jT &+
sT>T+~.

CrjT s> $TwH(National Health Mission (NHM)): HjT<yTq, #q, s> d+sD
de\qT n+<] n+<TuT # \ + CrjT
s> $TwHq T 2013 bs+_+#&+ ]+~. CrjT
>MTD s> $TwH( NRHM)qT, CrjT |D
s>
$TwH( NUHM)qT CrjT s> $TwH | $TwqT>
#jT&+ ]+~. mHjTTV#Ym+qT 2013
bs+_+#&+ ]+~. $TwHq T 50 y\ |> Hu
q |D\T, q>s eTT] y&\ |\T, s
\Vq esZ\ |\ e]+|Cd T H sT. 50 y\ |
Hu q |D
\ |{ CrjT >MTD s>
$TwH e]k+~. >MTD b+\ e TyTq eT*
edT\T *+#&+, Ww<\T, keT bT $_q
ksTT eqe eqsT\ \u qT |+#&+ <s 2005
qT+& CrjT >MTD s> $TwH s> d+sD
de\qT # yTsT>T|]+~. CrjT s> $TwH +<
2013`14 ` 18,775.35 |D[ {sTT+|\T
#jT &+ ]+~.

s> se\T

|T X s>+(Reproductive and
us< X + n|< Hu, | +, |<\T, Child Health (RCH)): |d eTsD\ s T(maternal

\Vq esZ\ y] HDyTq , #q s> d+sD

mortality rate (MMR)), X eTsD\ s T(infant morde\T n+~+#&+ nk< yTq n+X+. nH d+es\T> tality rate (IMR)), yTT+ qT\ s T(total fertility rate
s> s+> {sTT+|\qT |+#&+ sT>T+~. (TFR)) nH eT&T wyTq s> dN\ esT
n+ eTT+<T d+es+ b\T+f 2013`14 e&yT \ +> q dTs jq(JSY), q X

$eq |_ wH

41

us ] ds

us< X + : = m+| #dq s> dN\T

bs$T
1. k<sD qq s T(Crude birth rate (CBR))

1981

1991

2001

|dT d

33.9

29.5

25.4

12.5

9.8

8.4

4.5

3.6

3.1

21.6
(2012*
7.0
(2012*
2.4
(2012*

NA

NA

(| 1000 Hu)

2. k<sD eTsD s T(Crude death rate (CDR))

(| 1000 Hu)

3. yTT+ qT\ s T(Total fertility rate (TFR))

4. |d eTsD\ w(Maternal mortality ratio (MMR))
(| \ dJe qH\)
5. X eTsD\ s T(Infant mortality rate(IMR))
(| ysTT dJe qH\)
>MTD
|D
6. |\\ eTsD\(0`4 d+es\T) s T
(| 1000 eT+~ |\\ )

(2001-03)

(2010-12*
(2012*

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

41.2

26.5

19.3

11
(2012*
**

Sources: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; *Sample Registration Survey (SRS), **Abridged Life tables, 1999-03, 2003-07 to 200610, Registrar General of India.

dTs seT+(JSSK) nH s +&T |T , X s>

se\qT bs+_+#&+ ]+~. qT\ d+sD

de\ |sT>TTq &e+&qT <w |T , 158

dT\T, y< X\ 100 |& \ |d
X s> $u>\qT |yX|f #s\qT #|&+
]+~. | >]D eTV ds q deTjT+ qTq
eTT+<T d+sD
de\T, d qT ]> #jT &+,
qT nq+s+ d+sD de\T n+~+#&+, |\\
y~ s< {\T n+~+#&+ d+ e X
{+> eed( Mother and child tracking system
(MCTS))qT |yX
|&+ ]+~. 2013`14 >]D
d\ qy<T d+K dTesT 2.08 , |\\ qy<T
d+K 1.67 #]+~. q dTs jq +<
2005`06 dT T q qsT\ |s yD
7.38 \\
qT\T s>>, 2012`13 d+K 1.06
|]+~. 2013`14 2013 d|+sY es 80.94

$eq |_ wH

\\ qT\T dT\ ]>sTT. q X dTs

seT+ +< >]D eTV\+<] |uT s>
d+d qT\T, dJ]jTH |s wqT sV+#&+
bT Ww< \T, &j >d de\T, s+ , Vs+
n+~+#&+ , +{ qT+& d syD *+#&+
sT>T+~.
|< qeT+ dd dTs jq(PMSSY):
|< + +< yTT<{ <X ub, uT eHX sY, C<| P sY,
b{, sjT|PsY, ]wwt\ sT +&j
d{ |t yT& dHdt(All India Institute for
Medical Sciences (AIIMS)) e+{ d+d\
T | #jT &+
bs+_+#sTT. d+d = < = u#Y
210 eT+~ #=|q s +&d u#Y\T #=|q y< $<qT
b+<TTHsT. yTT<{ <X 13 y< X\\ ksTT
|+#&+ ]+~. s +&e <X eTs 6, eT&e <X
39 y< X\\ ksTT |+#qTHsT.

42

us ] ds

jTTwt(AYUSH): jTTwt eedq T CrjT s> $<qT n+~+#&y T \ +> neT\eTq dMT X
d+sD de\ eed dMT+ #jT&+ <s
u s r j T y < $< H L & n_ e ~ | s ,
bV+#&+ sT>T+~. +<Td+ 2013`14 ]
d+es+ ` 1069 T {sTT+#&+ ]+~.
nsTT, {e\ sV+q mHmdtmdtz sV+q ds
|s+ &e+& q $<+ > jTTwt $<H |\
n+~+#&+ |uT s> d+sD de\ eed
$|\ eTe+~. e\+ 4.7 X+ |w+T eyT |uT
dT\ qT+& Ww< \T b+<>\ TTHsT. $T> 95.3
X+ eT+~ jTTwt Ww< \ d+ |y T, s eqsT\|
<s|&TTHsT.

>D s> d+sD eqe eqsT\T, eT*

edT\ n_e~, ksTT |+|<\: |uT y<

n_e~ de\(Integrated Child Development Services

(ICDS)) |<+ m+ eTTKyTq~. 7076 bC\T,
14 \\ eT+~ n+>Hy&\ |< |dT+
ksr]+#&+ ]+~. M{ <s 1026 \\ eT+~
\_<sT\ de\T n+~+#&+ sT>T+~.

eTV\T, |\\ | V+dqT n]f $<H\T:

u\\ V\T yde + s|<+<T qq CrjT
u\\ $< q+( National Policy for Children
(NPC))2013qT rdTse&+ ]+~. $<q+ 18
d+es\ ejTdT | ys+<] u\\T>H >T]dT + ~.
| #+ bT 18 d+es\ ejTdT |
u\\| + <&T\qT y]+#+<T + <&T\
qT+& |\\ d+sD
#+ (Protection of Children from
Sexual Offences (POSCO) )2012qT rdTse&+
]+~. #+ 2012 qe+sY 14 qT+& neT
e+~. |uT, |yT s+>\T s+&+{q |
|<X eTV\| sT>TTq + y~+|\qT
n]f+ <T 2013 &d+sY 9q | |<X + eTV\|
+ y~+|\( ysD, w<+ eT]jTT |]cs+)
#+ 2013(Sexual Harassment of Women at Work-

X\\qT |+ #jT &+ d+ u $T neds\

| e D\qT, q q y < X\\ bs + u
nedsy T q eT* edT \ |eD\qT dMT+ #*. &s
\u qT |+#&+ d+ dT\ nqTd+<q+
#d qq y< X\\ d+KqT L& |+#&+
sT>T+~. B <s 12e |+#es |D[ \+
16,000 m+__mdt dT n<q+> |s>q THsTT. sh
|uT y< X | eT]jTT bs sT place (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act
u< \ =sq T rs&+ d+ 20 sc\ 72 |uT 2013)qT y~+#&+ ]+~. eTV\| V+dqT
y< X\ dTesT 4000 bdT >&TjTwH dq T n]f eT+ u>+> $Tq (desD) #+ 2013
n<q+> dw+ #& 2013 nsY 15 H{ ` 686.02 <s u s d d e T> y T q d e s D \qT
T $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~.
|yX|&+ ]+~. <s +<q\qT eT]+
eTV eT]jTT X n_e~ se\T ]q s+ #jT &+ ]+~.
us< X + |dT + eTV ke ` ],
yTT+ <X Hu |\\T eT]jTT eTV\T
dTesT 70 X+ eT+~ +{sT. nsTTq|{, nH sjT , s> d | y~qT j sT #d, y]
], ke bs$TT\ # yqT& +&, k~] dbsT\T #jT&+ d+ nTq ksTT
<Ts\TsT> +{sT. {, e~ eT]jTT n_e~ $T{ yjT &+ ]+~. $T{ s +&T d+es\
|jT y] d$T[+ #jT &+ bT $<q sj
T y~qT e&+ | d] #jT &+ ]+~.
|jT y] y{ *+#+<T <&y T q s#sD
\V q esZ \ d + e T+ n_ e ~
neds+ m+H +~. ydy >V +, 2005
+&sY &{+>(gender budgeting (GB))qT #|{&+ se\T
]+~. 2005`06 yTT+ &{ +&sY &{ y{
ke yqT&q deTT<j\T, de+
2.79 X+ +&>, 2013`14 &{ 5.83 X(` \Vq esZ\ y] q $<qT *+#&+ bT
97,133.70 T) |]+~.
] eT]jTT ke k~] *+#&+ y>e +yT q
eTV\T, |\\ d+ e T+ d+ neT\eTq nH eT]jTT eT]+ d$T[ n_e~ k~+#& <V<
|< \ s | ejTdT >\ |\\ n$u n_e~, |&TT+~. 2013`14 ke HjT+ eT]jTT
>]D d\ T, u*+ \T\ ds q bw Vs+, s> k~] ` 5084.56 T $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~.

$eq |_ wH

43

us ] ds

w&\T \ nuT q < +q |< \T d++~+q |< \ $es\T ~>Teq e&+ ]+~.
]q ||D[ eT]jTT | se\T:
w&\T \ ||D[ +< |uT
| dV s+( Special Central Assistance (SCA) w&\T >\ |\, k<sD Hu eT< q
to the Schedule Castes Sub Plan (SCSP)): djT+ n_e~ n+s\qT |P&&+ d+ y] ke
b~ < H| D_e~ <s w&\T \ y]
<]<sK m>Te rdTse&+ B \+.
seT+ +< d_& n+<Ck sT . 2013`14 6.08
\\ eT+~ \_<sT\ d+ sh |uT \ ` 790.25
T $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~. w&\T \T, w&\T
>\ bs V\ u < d+ nH #{\qT rdTse&+
]+~. w&\T \ y] ] dV s+ d+
2013`14 ` 3990.14 T $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~.
ksYw| t |< \T: b<$ T $< qT+& d+&
$< y deTjT+ w&\T \ |\ &bqT
+Z #&+ d+ 2012 qT+& 9 eT]jTT 10e s>
#<TeTq w&\T \ u\\ d+ |` yT{
k\sYw| \t qT |yX |&+ ]+~. 19.10 \\ eT+~
\_<sT\ d+ 2013`14 sc\ ` 547.17 qT
$&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~. bdt yT{ k\sYw| \t +<
52.78 \\ eT+~ \_<sT\ d+ 2013`14
sc\ ` 2153 T $&T<\ #XsT.
s |< \T: w&\T \ $<sT\ d+
nH s |< \T L& HsTT. m+.| , |V#Y&
sT\T #dT q w&\T \ $<sT\ ] dV s+
n+~+# \ + sJy >+B Crj T | w | t
|<+(Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme)
neT\e+~. $<X\ eds Y &^ < |V#Y& <
bdt &s sT\T nuddTq w&\T \
$<sT\ ] dV s+ n+~+#+<T Hwq zesYdd t
k\sYw|t |<+ neT\Te+~. {\T, m+\T
eT]jTT mH{\T e+{ |eTTK $<d+d\ |yX +
b+~q w&\T \ $<sT\ |P] ksTT ]
eT<T n+~+#+<T {|t dt m&TwH |<(Top
Class Education Scheme) |yX
|{sT .

w&\T >\ nuT q < +q |< \T

w&\T >\ ke ] n_e~ eT]jTT
k~] d+ nH $<H\T, se\T, #{\T
# j T & + ]+~. nsTTq| { | D [ d + | T +
2009`10 ydq n+#H\ |s+ >MTD b+
]qT 47.4 X+, |D b+ ]qT 30.4
X+ eT+~ |{ <]<s K ~>TeH HsT. y]

$eq |_ wH

]_e~ |+b+~+#& ]q ||D[(Tribal

Sub-Plan (TSP)) k<q+ e+{~. 2013`14
w&\T >\ d+ e T+, n_e~ d+ ` 3879 T
{sTT+#&+ ]+~. +< |uT + sh |uT \
s +&T | se\ dV s+ n+~dT+ ~.
1. sc\ ]q ||D[ eT<T #+<T
nedsy T q >+T, 2. sC+>+ 275() n~s D
+
|s+ ]q b+\ n_e~ eT]jTT |]b\H
ksTT |+#&+ d+ # >+T. s+&e sV
seT+ +< # <T \qT sh |uT \T esTeT\
b+\ HDyTq $<qT n+~+#&+ d+ @\e
<s >TsT\ bsX \\T(Eklavya Model Residential
Schools (EMRS)) @sT #jT&+ d+ L&
|j +#T+{sTT. 2013`14 s +&T se\
d+ ` 2147.14 T {sTT+ sc\ $&T<\
#jT &+ ]+~.
] k~s se\T: w&\T >\
] k~s d+ CrjT w&\T >\ ] eT]jTT
n_e~ d+d( National Scheduled Tribes Finance and
Development Corporation (NSTFDC)) <s <jT+
# sb\ d+ e e& sTD\T, d
sTD\T n+~+#&+ sT>T+~. 2013`14 d+d
<s |\T <jT \H sb\ ` 141.35
T |+|D #jT &+ ]+~. M{ us ]q dV s
es{+> n_e~ deK(Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India(TRIFED) )
nedsyTq dVs+ n+~k+~. qq nM
T\ d eT< T <s *+, < <s y{
es{+>qT |+b+~+# jT++>+> 2013`14
qq |< $w]+#&+ ]+~. |< +
neT\T d+ sc\ ]q @C\ ` 112.49
T $&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~.
$<_e~ se\T: |uT+ s+s+
n+&> +Tq|{, w&\T >\ $< ksTT\T
e> +&+ +<q *k+~. deTd
|]cs+ d+ 2012 p | yT{ k\sYw| t |<
bs+_+#&+ ]+~. B +< 100 X+ ]
dV s+ n+~+#&+ sT>T+~. bdt yT{ k\sYw| t

44

us ] ds

|<+ L& 100 X+ ] dVs+ n+~k+~.

>T]+| b+~q $< d+d\ eds Y &^, &s ,Y bdt
&s Y #<T e\qT nu d+#+<T d+es 625 eT+~
w&\T >\ $<sT\ {|t dt m&TwH |< +
+ < ] d V s + n+~+# & + s T > T +~.
2013`14 | yT{ k\sYw|t\ d+ ` 219.43
T, bdtyT{ k\sYw|t\ d+ ` 748.45 T
$&T<\ #jT &+ ]+~.

yTH]{\T
n\ d+U esZ\ n_e~ d+ 2012`13
` 3135 T > q | D [ {sTT+| \qT
2013`14 ` 3511 |+#&+ ]+~. H{|
#dq yTH ]{ esZ\ y] d+ | yT{, bdt yT{,
yT]{ yT MTH <] k\sYw| t |< \qT neT\T
#jT &+ sT>T+~. eT&T |< \ 2013`14
` 1770 T {sTT+# & + ]+~. y T H ]{ \ T
+ByT q 196 $<, H|D_e~,
b~, s>+ b]X<+, >V sD+, >T{
ks + yTT<\>T y{ n_e~ qT |]w]+#&+
d+ VQ s+> n_e~ seT+(Multi-sectoral
Development Programme) nH | se
neT\T #jT&+ sT>T+~. seT+ +<
2013`14 ` 1466.98 $\Tyq bC\qT
y~+#&+ ]+~. 2005`06 ` 100 T>
q eTH C< m&TwH b+&wH sdt ~ 2014
e] H{ ` 910 |+#&+ ]+~. b+&wH
sb\qT |+b+~+#&+ d+ B 2014`15
eTs ` 113 T |+#qTHsT.

u$ wY <<+ ` dy
us< X q Hu kqTL\ nH $wy T q
neX d~j>+ #dT e\dq neds+ m+H
+~. jTTe HuqT $<e+T\T>, s>e+T\T>,
>T H| D\T *q y]> #dq |&T eyT $wy T q
neX+ jTT |\T eTq <sTT. <+f
us<X eqy_e~ |rsT |_+_+#&<T.
eqy_e~ dN\ d++~+ 2000`12 eT< =+
yTsT>T<\ |dT q |{, d> T J$ \+, bsX \
+& d>
T \+, bsX \ VsjT ejTdT, \d]
<jT+ e+{ eqy_e~ dN us< X + ||+ #
d>
T +f # yqT& +~. dN\ =+#+
yTsT>T |+q|{, eqy_e~ dN s+

$eq |_ wH

us< X + +< |&b e&+ $#s+ *dT+ ~.

Hu kqTL\ keTs d~j>+
#dT e&+ |&T us< X + eTT+<Tq n|< dy\T.
~ \|]$T *q neX+. |{ s(33),
>y(32.3), $TH&T(31.3), Ve#|<X(30.4),
+< |<X (29.3), |+Cu(29.9), |eT u+>(29.1)
e+{ sc\T 2020 H{ d>
T ejTdTqT <fXsTT.
{, jTTeqT s>+, $<, nedsy T q H| D\T,
u < dq<+ #jT & n+ b<q y*.
+<Td+ ke eT* edT\T, H|D_e~,
eTV k~s |T&T\T |{*.
n+<] b~ *+#&+ , >se |<y T q J$
n+~+#&+ us< X + eTT+<Tq eT]= dy. n~
e~ de+| kqTL\ |u e+(trickle-down effect)
* +&Tq|{, e~ jTT HD L& n+
beTTK y*.
|dT + eT* edT \ \q n_e~, b~
*+# |s s+>+| ds q ~XH +B]+#&+
sT>T+~. B bT \ , |q:s|\ q #jT &
b~, |<] s\q se\T nqTq |* \T
ksTT.
d+ e T eT]jTT n_e~ se\T $T+
+&+ eTs= dy\T. ||+# ] $|\T m
m<Ts q |{, d+ e T sb\| us< X + mq&
sJ|& < T . &| ke ejT+ X+ |sT>T<
+<T n<+ |&T T+~. nsTT {sTT+|\+{ |P]
ksTT |* \T> esTb e&+ sT>T+~. |
d+es+ &{ n|{ q se\ =+
{sTT+# & + < = > = s e \qT
bs+_+#&+, y{ = <T\T {sTT+#&+
sT>T+~. B e\ @ se d+| ksTT
<T \T n+<Cj
T b e&+ sT>T+~. n+<Te\
|< \qT |qsed ] +, Js &{ (zero budgeting)
$<H nqTd]+#e\dq neds+ +~.
|< \qT neT\T #d jT++>+ ndq dy\T.
neT\T jT++>+ |{w+> sD+> $$<
| < \ # d T q {sTT+| \T | P ] | * \qT
ebTHsTT. se\ neT\T n<THq
k+ |]CH $j+#Te&+, |]b\q
q |\T s\ <=+s\qT =\+#&+, neT\T #d
|<T\qT ds]+#&+, \_<sT\ u>keT+
yTT<\>Tq$ |< \ $jTe+ <V<|& > \ e.

45

us ] ds

{ k+ | ] C q + u s < X + mH
n<T\T k~++~. B |< mTq |yT s+>
u>keT+ & , ke s+> se\qT |P]
ksTT $jTe++ #jTe#T. Be\ \_<sT\
d syT |* \qT n+~+#&+ bT, q \_<sT\qT
y+H qT>=, |<\ <T]j> n]e#T.
u+ n+T | |j q ~(Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)) +<T sD+> \TdT+
~.
eTV>+B CrjT >MTD b~ #+ +<
#*+ |\qT ` eTds T ( e-musters) <s s|& + eTs=
<VsD. |y
T s+>+ u>keT+ <s Te+{
y{ eT]+ $jTe++ #jT e#T. nsTT, #*+ |\
bT $<q|syTq Cb\ sD+> ke s+>
se bZH+<T |yT s+>+ $eTTK
#|+#&+ sT>T+~. Te+{ Cb\qT =\+#&+
d + | ] b\q q <=+ s \ qT Z + #*.
eT< esT\ qT | +#*. |uT se\T, $<H\
$jT+ d+k> @sT, |uT de\ |+|D eed
<<+ | <s|& +T+~.
|\ de#s |< mTq n+<TuT
y*. | +, |+#jTrsC d+d\ b, V\
>T]+q de#s+ y] y\& + +~. |uT |+|D
eed yT<q+ d+ k<sD |\ qT+&
e& ed n~s esZ\T L& eT]+ u<jTT+>
yT\T>TsTT. >eTd ksTT ne>Vq *+#&+ ,
keTs sD sb\T sV+#&+ , <T \T, $<T \T
yTT<\>T n+X\ yTq n~s\qT |+#jTrsC
d+d\ <sTT+#&+ yTT<q #s\T |+#jTr
+<+> sb+~+# se\ deTse +yT q |D[,
sVD, |s yD
, ke F\ <V<+ #ksTT.

ke s + > s e \
|qsedsD
|uT + nH ke s+> se\qT neT\T
#k+~. nsTT, y{ |rsT = |< rsT>
+{+~. e+<\ d+K q |<\qT u>
|qsed ] +#&+ /d+d]+#&+ , = |< \qT $q+
#jT&+bT Js &{+> $<H nqTd]+#&+
<s >]w |* \qT b+<e#T.

sVD, |s yD
|+#jTrsC d+d\ ,
| + >eT du\ mTe+{ b +&+
<T.
>eTdu/|+#jTrsC d+d ksTT B|
ne>Vq # e> +&+ e\q
|< k++ #dTe&+ s>&+ <T.
bC \ qT n+#&+ sT>T+~. ke
F |\e+> +&+ < nd\T b e&+
sT>T+~.
n|{ |Pss TT +&+ < d+| s D
<X
+&+ < |C |qT\| eT& d b e&+
yTT<\>T sD\ e\ eT{ bC \ neds+
n+> +& b+~.
\_ < s T \T eekj T e >
sb\ b<q dTH sT.
|qT\qT =\e&+ sT>TTq C|+ e\
yH \ #*+ |\T \deTeTHsTT. k+
d+~ =s L& B sDeTe+~.
= b+\ |sTw\ yH \T n~+ >
+&+ |<+ |qT\ e\+ eTV
edTHsT. n+<Te\ | |jH\T +&
|< bC \ <T\T e b<q *q
q q |qT\H #|
& + sT>T+~.
=sT < e eT+~ \_<sT\ #d
bC \ qT | +, eTV>+B CrjT >MTD
b~ V MT # + < T \qT d e T+>
$j+#Ty*. {, <T]j> n]{,
n_e~ <<+ *q |<+> es+<T
D
yT #{ d+d]+#e\dq neds+
+~. < s | < + | q T\ | + # ,
nse +yT q dT\ T, |s s+> <V<|&
y{ bT s eT* edT \qT dw+ #e#T.
= u eekjT d++< sb\qT L&
#|e#T.

nJ$

f\]+>, n>sTr\T e+{ +{ e< jsT

#d edT\T, k+> $j+# T\T, +&\
eTV>+B CrjT >MTD b~ VMT #+ j, < de\T e+{ y{ CrjT >MTD

#+
|+#jTr +<+(panchayat-centric)> JeHb<T \ $TwH( NRLM) $jTe++> | #k+~.
sb+~+q< nsTTq|{, |D[ s|\ q, nsTTq|{, yT q |D[ <s T~ jTT

$eq |_ wH

46

us ] ds

&e+& ds|s\qT C>> eT~+| #d, y{

eTsT>T<=& ks+, dTs >TsT e+{
bV+ n+~+#&+ m+H neds+ . +<T ds q
b<$ T edT \ =s, n ksTT d+~
deTjT+ >T]+#&+, u ksTT e~ +<\qT
=s e+{ deTd\qT |]w]+#*.
n_e~ #jT&+ s>*. sb\ |]~ d]>
+
n+#H yjT b e&+, ue H\ e+{ eT* edT \, eT<V uq |<
keT |< yTT+ |T&T\T |&+ yTT<\>T y{
Vs+ HD =se&T +&+ e\q |\\
|]o*+, b\qT d]~<*.
u < | +<q ee Te+~. n+<Te\ |<
L& d+d]+#*q neds+ +~.
CrjT >MTD s> $TwH
m+&, yq\ qT+& mTe+{ sD
q+<Tq |
s> d + s D de\qT >MTD | \ bsX \ & +> seTT\T ]+#*. y& uq+ e&+ #
n+< T uT e & + Crj T >MTD s> $<+ > #&e\dq neds+ +~. b<jTT\qT HsT >
$TwH(NRHM) $jTe+yT+~. nsTT, n eT* seT+ u>keTT\qT #jT+&, e\+
edT\T q|{ s> +<\T n+<] nqTyq |s yD
|]$T+ #j *. <+ f y] b<$ T $~
b+ b e&+, &s T , s d+~ ds q syD, nsTTq u<q <H neX+ +~.
yd d<Tbj\T be&+, eTV\ u<, ns
H(NBA)
*q y<T\, qsT\ =s yTT<\>T deTd\ e\q s usY n_j
y{ d~j>+ #dT b THsT.
|< + u>H neT\eTq|{, + #
n+<Te\ s+>+ |uT |y T u>ke # j T e\d q ned s + +~. = d e Td \qT
|]>Dq rdTe\dq neds+ +~.
|]w]+#e\d +~.

>MTD b]X< + sh+ |]~ e# n+X+.
ds_jH
n+<Te\ se n~ b<q

| |\y
<>sZ bsX \qT n+<TuT
ee\dq neds+ +~. n~ X+ sc\T
y\H \ + $< V #+ | yd
d+|Ps b]X< se eT se\
b+ 1 MTsY yks+ bsX \
\T|q|{, ds q b<q eq+<Tq <T \
+&\ +<q sb+~+#&+ ]+~.
{sTT+| L& deT+> +&+ <T .
+<q qT dMT+ #e\dq neds+ +~. =

keTs sD+, de#s+, $<, eTwH |
b+\ s> d]|&q + eT+~ $<sT\ T
<w k]+#&+ <T. ksTT neT\T
+&ebe#T. +<q e\q neds+ H
jT++> eT]+ |{w + #jT e\dq neds+
|< mTq bsX\\ sD+ ], ueH\
+~.
s|+ eT* edT \T e< nesTT. dMT|

M{ bT e ejT+ L&Tq sD
b+\+{ *| |< bsX \ +&+
|<T\qT #|&+, j b+\ >ZT>
e\q +q |j q+ # > Hsy s T T+~.
k+ |]CH m+#Te&+, sD+

* b<jTT\qT eTB]+#&+,
HD +& #&+, CrjT, sh, , k
b<jTT\ |rsTqT |* \ <s+> eT~+|
ksTT |\T s $u>\ se
#jT &+ neds+ .
nqTd+<q+ #jT &+ yTT<\>T dy HsTT.

$eq |_ wH

47

us ] ds

3. |uT ] d
e~ eT+<+#&+ , ||+ # #eTTsT <s \ T >]w ksTT y[b e&+, Hdty T +{ e~ HeT~>
+&+ e+{ d\ ] dy q|{, 2013`14 +< |uT ] |* \T eT< * X $<q
|q(Medium Term Fiscal Policy Statement (MTFPS)) $~+q <e |{wsD(fiscal consolidation)
\\qT k~+#&+ ]+~. sc\ <eT &| 2.2 X+ eyT +~. B sc\ X |]d
L& |{w s D
~XH +~. + d ] |* \qT k~+#\+f +< |uT +, sh |uT \T
<e |{w s D
<&+ > T& +&+ m+ \+. 2004`08 eT< <e |{w s D
=* <X n~
e~ k~+#&+ dT\uy T + ~. $<+ > |dT + n\ e~ H|< + n< se& =qk+#&+ |uT \
+> dy\T. >& q s +&T d+es\ ej VTB] +#&+ | +B]+#&+ sT>T+~. s&T\T
# e> q+<Tq ej HDqT @ e+ sT>sjT+& B =qk+#e\dq nedse TT+~.

dMT

2013`14 d+es X $<q+

<e u< eT]jTT &{ sVD(Fiscal Re#+

2003 sTy <eT nH \yTq <e dN
eT+> \ + ksTT(&| 3.0 X+) rdTse&+
]+~. 2007`08 \ $T+ &| 2.5
X <eTqT +Z #&+ ]+~. 2012`13
|&b Tq |qT s& deT+ #dT +, ej
VTB]+#&+, d+|&q+ #jT&+ <s <e
\\qT k~+#&+ ]+~.
$<+ > 2012`13 `5,20,925 T(&|
5.2 X+) q <eTqT 2013`14 ` 5,42,499
(&| 4.8 X+) |]$T+ #jT &+ ]+~.
n<$<+> 2012`13 `3,91,244 T(&|
3.9X+) q s yq TqT 2013`14 ` 3,79,838
(&| 3.3 X+) +Z #&+ ]+~.
d+u nq+s \+ 2009`10 eT]jTT
2011`12 $TqV k< s D & | e~ $T>
d+es\ <eT e~ +f n~+ > +~. B
2009`10 6.5 X+> <eTqT 2013`14
&| 4.6 X +Z #&+ k< yT+ ~.

] eed eqsT\qT < |j H\,

|T& |< mTq s $ <+ > #d, b<q *q
b>w|t |<\ +< eqsT\ {sTT+|q usk
*+#&+ <s e~ |qsT<] +#\ 2013`14 X
$<q+(fiscal policy) \+> |T+~. $<+>
2013`14 X $< q+ s +& + # \ \ \
sb+~+#&+~. n+<T yTT<{~ e~ |qsT<D.
s +&e~, 2013`14 ] d+es \ +> s +q
<eT ksTT #sTe&+. 2013`14 &{ =
dVT |]$TT\ |uT ej jT++#&+
d+ s& |+#Te&+, ej VTB] +#&+
nH $<H nqTd]++~. 2012`13 &{ n+#H\
|s+ &| |qT w 10.7 X+ +&>,
2012`13 de]+q n+#H\ 10.4 X +Z ~.
nsTT 2013`14 B 10.9 X+> n+#H yjT &+
]+~. 2012`13 d e ]+q n+# H \ + f
2013`14 |qT s& e~ 19.1 X+ n~+ >
+T+< n+#H yjT &+ ]+~. 2012`13 de]+q
n+#H\ +f 2013`14 &{ n+#H\ yTT+
ej T + 16.3 X + |s T > T T +< |s=Hs T .
|s ekq+>, <eT &| 4.8 X >T Z T +<
n+#H yjT &+ ]+~.

sponsibility and Budget Management (FRBM))

$eq |_ wH

48

us ] ds

n+#H\ B ` 6,30,821 ~+#&+ ]+~.

2012`13 yTT+ &| | |qT\ y{ 5.5
(NON-DEBT RECEIPTS)
X+ +&>, 2013`14 de]+q n+#H\ |s+
2013`14 &{ sTDs ed(syq ~ 5.6 X d\+> |]+~.
ed eT]jTT sTDs eT\<q ed) 2012`13
de]+q n+#H\ +f 23.4 X+ e~ +T+<
n+#H yjT&+ ]+~. 2012`13 s |qT
|s |qT\ s& e~ 2013`14 2012`13
s&(yTT+ d\ |qT s& sc\ s y{) de]+q n+#H\ +f 20.3 X+ +T+< n+#H
`7,40,256 T >, |H s s& ` 1,37,357 T.
yjT &+ ]+~. 2013`14 |s |qT\ edq T
s +&T *|q yTT+ s yq ed ` 8,77,613
`5,64,254 T> n+#H yjT &+ ]+~. nsTT
T. 2013`14 &{ s yq edq T ` 10,56,330
T> n+#H yjT&+ ]+~. sTDs eT\<q 2013`14 de]+q n+#H\ B `5,17,770
ed( |T&T\ |d+ VsD dV ) ` 66,468 ~+#&+ ]+~. &| |s |qT\ y{
*| sTDs edq T ` 11,22,798 T> n+#H 2012`13 4.7 X+ +&>, 2013`14 de]+q
yXsT. nsTT |qT s& e~ n+#H\ +f n+#H\ B 4.6 X+ n+#H yXsT. &{
e> +&+, ] eT+<>e Tq+ e\ |T&T\ n+#H\ ksTT b\T+f <<| n |s |qT\T,
|d+ VsD <s nqTq s& k~+# b e&+ nq> m C dT++, dyt T , dy |qT\T yTT<\>Tq$
2013`14 &{ de]+q n+#H\ sTDs ed n+{ |sT>T<\ |&b sTT+~.
\ ` 10,29,251 ~+#&+ ]+~.

sTDs ed

|s |qT\T

|H s s&

| |qT\T
2012`13 de]+q n+#H\ b\T+f
2013`14 | |qT\ s& 18.1 X+ e~ #+~,
` 6,61,389 #sT+T+< n+#H yjT&+
]+~. nsTT, <jT |qT ed, s=s{ |qT
ed s&T\T |q + e&+ nq+s+ de]+q

+< |uT |qT s&T |uT + jTT e&

eT]jTT &$&+& ed, +< bdT \>\qT d|j
TY
#jT&+, bdtbsT\T, $k\T C #jT&+, +|\
]dw H yTT<q de\qT *+#&+ <s e# ed
, |f+T dqT |E
\T, #eTTsT \ qT+& e#
sjT\T, f*+ eT]jTT s s+>\ qT+& e# |\T

+< |uT T <sDT\T(&| %>)

d+es+
2003-4
2004-5
2005-6
2006-7
2007-8
2008-9
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14(BE)
2013`14(P)

syq T

<e T

b<$ T T

3.5
2.4
2.5
1.9
1.1
4.5
5.2
3.2
4.4
3.6
3.3
3.2

4.3
3.9
4.0
3.3
2.5
6.0
6.5
4.8
5.7
4.9
4.8
4.5

0.0
0.0
0.4
-0.2
-0.9
2.6
3.2
1.8
2.7
1.8
1.5
1.2

<eT
s yq T%
79.7
62.3
63.0
56.3
41.4
75.2
81.0
67.5
76.4
74.6
70.0
70.9

Sources : Union Budget documents and Controller General of Accounts. BE : Budget Estimates. P: Provisional Actuals.

$eq |_ wH

49

us ] ds

s\ ed yTT<\>Tq$ +{sTT. |Hs s&

2012`13 b\T+f 2013`14 32.8 X+ e~
+T+< n+#H yjT&+ ]+~. nsTT, T~
>D+\ |s+ e~ 25.4 X+ +T+<
|s=q&+ ]+~. ` 1,72,252 es +T+<
n+#H yjT &+ ]+~. nsTT, dm >D+\ |s+
n~ & $ & + & T , u \T, e& ed s D +>
2013`14 |H s s& ` 1,99,233 |]+~.
~ 2012`13 s& +f 45 X+ |sT>T<\qT
dk+~.

ejT <sDT\T

2013`14 &{ yTT+ ej ` 16,65,297

T> n+#H yd+~. ~ 2012`13 de]+q
n+#H\ +f 16.3 X+ n~+ . |D[ ej
`5,55,322 T> n+#H yjT &+ ]+~. ~ &|

4.9 X+. n++& 2012`13 +f 29.6 X+
n~+ . 2013`14 |D[s ej ` 11,09,975
T> n+#H yXsT. ~ &| 9.8 X+ eT]jTT
2012`13 de]+q n+#H\ +f 10.8 X+ n~+ .
yTT+ s&T\T &{ n+#H\ +f 5.1 X+ >&Z + ,
2013`14 |D[ ej, n+<Tq eT\<q
q ]e, |T&T\ |d+VsD ed, ejT+ >DjT+> $~+ yTT+ ej 4.5
nHeTT ed sTDs eT\<q ed(Non-debt X+ +Z ` 15,90,434 de]+#&+ ]+~.
capital receipts (NDCR) ) +< eksTT. 2012`13
q ]e ` 16,268 T >, 2013`14 &{
2008`09 sT y <eT |s>& |< q
B ` 10,654 T> n+#H yd+ ~. +<+ qT+&
sc\ sTD eT< e] + +&s<H 12e ] d+|T + sD d_&\T |s>& + L& {. dm >D+\
db sdT sD+> q ]e |&b sTT+~. 2013`14 |s+ 2013`14 |< q d_&\ $\Te ` 2,47,596
&{ |T&T\ |d+ VsDqT ` 55,814 T> #sT +~. 2007`08 yTT+ d_&\T &|
n+#H yjT >, ] es sd , ] eed 1.42% +f, 2013`14 de]+q n+#H\ |s+
eT+<>eTq+ sTy < de]+q n+#H\ 2.26 X |]>sTT.
`25,814 ~+#&+
]+~. sTDs eT\<q
us Vs d+d(Food Corporation of India
ed 2012`13 ` 42,158 T +&>, 2013`14 (FCI)) dsD
ej, |C |+|D eed +< D
d e ]+q n+# H \ | s + ` 36,644 <H\ ds | ] q +< C <s \ eT< n+s+
ZbjsTT.
$d] dT+ &+ Vs d_& |sT>T b+~. msTe\
2013`14 |T&T\T |d+V]+#&q d_&| jT+DqT b + > myd q |{, jT]j
<s \ T + nH HsTT. n<$<+ > |{\T <s \ |
+|\ $es\T
+|
|T&T\ |d+ VsD(` ) jT+DqT myd , & <s \ qT H\ sT `0.50
V+<TkH |sY *$Tf&
260 #=| q |+# & + s T > T +~. n+& s Y ] e \T
{&d
30 2007`08 ` 77,123 T +&>, 2013`14
mHm|tm
101 `1,39,869 |]>sTT. = T+u
ee\dq d_& m| d*+&s d+KqT 2014 @|
Hy * *> { s=swH
358 qT+& d+es 12 |+#&+ ]+~. <eT
mdt{d
5 ksTT\T, n<$<+ > s +T n+{ &|d { |s>&
|dm
1637 @ n|< sD+ |sT>TTq ||+ # #eTTsT <s \ qT
m
497 <ojT es{ e]+|Cj
T &+ nX . B &T
mHV#Y|
2131 eed q dT>T\T L& d_& |s>&
_V#Ym
1887 s D eTe T HsTT. n+ s r j T < e ~
zd
5341 d+d( International Monetary Fund (IMF)) $&T<\ #dq
$T*q 3000 qT d+ |_ dsY The fiscal and welfare impacts of Reforming Fuel
m+C(CPSE) m+C f&& |+&(CPSE-ETF) <s Subsidies in India nH |+ us<X+ +<q
d]+#&+ ]+~.
d_&\T <T]j>+ neTHjT y<q e+

sTDs eT\<q ed

d_&\T

$eq |_ wH

50

us ] ds

 +< |uT s&T\T, ejT+(&| %)

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2013-14 2013-14
(BE)
(RE
(P)

Sources : Union Budget documents and Controller General of Accounts.

$ Does not include receipts in respect of the Market Stabilization Scheme, which will remain in the cash balance of the central
government and will not be used for expenditure.

#d+ ~. d_&\ e\q n+ d+|qTq 10 X+

T+u\T, n+ |<q 10 X+ T+u\ +f
@&T s T |j q+ b+<TTHjT |+ |s=+~.
n<$<+ > Vs d_& $wjT + L& sT>T+~.
+< |D[ d+|T + 2005 \ |C |+|D eed |
$&T<\ #dq |rsT eT~+| y~ |s+ |<\
#sT Tq | >eTT <H\ d+ us |uT +
d+ |P qT+& 2.4 >eTT\ <H $&T<\
#k+~. ~ |dT + q jT++>+ <s d_&\T
<T]j>eTeTq rsTqT y\& k +~.

e& #*+ |\T

m|t sY_m+ #+ nq+s+ &| e&\ #*+ |
X+ >T Z +~. ] d+u+ sD+> 2011`12
+< |uT + rdTq X $ds D
, <y\D n<T|
#d+<T ]q e&s $<H nqTd]+#&+ sD\

$eq |_ wH

e\ d+u nq+s \+ &| e& #*+|\T

|]>sTT. ~ n|\T eT]+ b>T|&{ <]rd+~.
d>
T sTD\ ejT+(cost of borrowing) 2012`13
7.7 X+ +&>, 2013`14 8.3 X |]+~.

yH \T, n\yqT\T, |qqT

+< @&e yq d+| dd t nX esY
e<T sY n< q @sT #jT &+ ]+~. 2007`08
yH \T, n\yqT\T, |qqT &| 1.2 X+ +&>,
2009`10 2.3 X |]>sTT. 2008`09 eT]jTT
2009`10 6e yq d+|T + nysTq T neT\T #jT &+
+<T |< q sD+. 2013`14 &| yH \T,
n\yqT\T, |qq X+ 1.7 X bZ e&+ ]+~.
|qqT |sT>T<\ 2004 qe] 1 sT y => |uT
<> #]q y] +{ |qH deTTqT
|yX |&+ , n+ eTT+<T <> #]q y] b

51

us ] ds

|qH deTTqT jT<$~> neT\T #jT&+ |<q

sD+> #|e#T. |qH #*+|\T 2003`04
`15,905 T +&>, 2013`14 ` 74,606
|]>sTT.

T& +&+ d+ +< |uT+, dL]{\

<e yTsT>T|s# & + , s zesY ]dtqT +Z #&+ ,
q><T $T>T\TqT $j+#Te&+ \ +> u u,
dL]{\ d+> $<H nqTd]++~. Be\q
es{ qT+& rdTH sTD us+ 2013`14 ` 15,000
yTs ,Z ` 4,68,902 |]$TyT + ~. Hds Y
dsyTq, dJeyTq, <&yTq, es{ <] udqt T $d] +#&+ , b{ es{qT n_e~ #jT &+ d+
j o\ s T D s V DqT nqTd ] +# & + | s T D |uT + H|w H ` +& & u+&q T |yX |{+ ~.
$<q+(debt policy) s ++~. sTD $<q \\
2013 e] e] H{ +< |uT sTD us+

|uT sTD us+

|qT s& eqsT\T(s. )

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2013-14 2013-14

BE

RE

53.5

54.4

55.9

5.8

5.6

5.6

d\ |qT s& $$< |qT s&T\ %

| |qT\T(m)

58.9

55.3

54.9

53.4

&| $$< |qT s&T\%

| |qT\T(m)

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.5

#
Sources : Union Budget documents and Controller General of Accounts. # includes taxes referred in (a) & (b) and taxes of Union
Territories and other taxes. Note: Direct taxes also includes taxes pertaining to expenditure, interest, wealth, gift, and estate duty.

$eq |_ wH

52

us ] ds

us< X + = |< q d_&\ $es\T(` )

d_& n+X+

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14(RE

Source : Union Budget Doucement.

50,70,601 #]+~. ~ &| 50.1 X

deq+. us |uT yTT+ sTD s +&T s\ sTD\T
+{sTT. yTT<{~ , us d+ ~ eT #d n|\T,
sTD\T. B k++> |uT n|(Public Debt)
n+{sT. s+&e~ |C |<T(public account) eT
#d sTD\T. M{ s sTD\T(other liabilities)
n+{sT. 2013 e] e] H{ |uT ` 39,41,855
#]+~. ~ &| 39 X+. s sTD\T
`11,28,747 |]>sTT. $ &|
11.2 X+
deq+. yTT+ |uT n| n+sZ n|(internal
debt ) 99.5% +f , $T*q 0.5% $< o n| .
2013`14 d<o, $<X n| eT]jTT s sTD\T
*| yTT+ ` 55,87,149.33 |]>sTT. u>
<ojT n| MT< <s|& + e\q n+srjT eT\<q
es d+u$ +# n\ \ >T]+&, s

]dt me> +& b&&+ sT>T+~.

+<, sh |uT\ yTT+ sTD\T *|
2009`10 &| 77.7 X+ +&>, 2013`14
&{ n+#H\ |s+ 69.7 X +Z ~. <eT
|s>& + bT ||+ # ] d+u+ sTD\ us+
}V ksTT\T k]> |]bjsTT. d+u
|Ps+ ` 1,50,000 T> q <eT sT y
` 5,15,990 #]+~. B sTD us+ L&
>DjT+> |]+~. 2010`11 k<sD &|
|sT>T<\ n| us+ >DjT+> |X$ T+#&+<
*jTCdT + ~. 2012`13 eT]jTT 2013`14 k<sD
&| e~ e> q|{, s +&T d+es\q
$<y T q T ksTT\T +&+, >DjTyTq <e
|{w s D
sD+> &| n| y{ |s> < T .

+< |uT sTD us+(&| %)

1. n+sZ sTD\T
a) n+s
Z n|
i) es{ sTD\T
ii) s\T
b) s n+s
Z sTD\T
2 $<o n|
3 yTT+ sTD us+

$eq |_ wH

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13
(P)

2013-14
(RE)

52.4
35.9
27.0
9.0
16.5
2.1
54.5

48.5
34.2
26.6
7.6
14.3
2.0
50.5

47.9
35.7
27.9
7.7
12.2
1.9
50.4

48.4
37.2
29.5
7.7
11.2
1.8
50.1

47.7
37.5
30.4
7.1
10.2
1.6
49.4

53

us ] ds

4. <s \ T < e sVD

+ d+es\ b\T+f 2013`14 { <s \ dN <y\D+ >T eZ TTK+ |{q d#q\T
|+#sTT. 2013`14 d>
T y] <y\D+ eT&T d+es\ w ksTT 5.98 X |&b sTT+~.
{ <s \ dN <y\D+ +f n~+ > q|{ $eTjT<sT\ <s \ <y\D+ L& yq| T|{ + ~.
qq ddt $j><sT\ <s \ dN <y\D+ 2012`13 10.21 X+ +&>, 2013`14 9.49
X +Z ~. nsTTq|{, 2013`14 Vs <y\D+ n~+ >H +~. <y\D+ usrjT ]sT
u+ jTT ydT \TuT ksTT +f n~+ > =qk+~. B+ +< u+ ]q yTq <e $<q yK ]
nqTd]++~. 2013 yT |& s z|H es{ $T{(Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)) q
~+| d#q\ nqT>TD+> sbsTT $\Te sT >T<\ d+u$ +#&+ L& <y\D |]d |u $+
#d+ ~. sbsTT $\Te n+ w ksTT |&b sTT, 2013 >dT e] H{ &\sY $\Te ` 68
#sT +~. +< |uT +, usrjT ]sT u+ d syT d+~+, n =\+, dwH q T
+Z #+<T #s \T #|{ sTT. ]sT u+ <y\D ksTT\qT +< ~+#\ q yK ] <&+ >
T& +&, 2013`14 H\T> e d+ n~ u+ s qT =qk++~. B us< X + {
<s \ eT]jTT $eTjT<sT\ <s \ <y\D\T s +& >T eZ TTK+ |{, <e $<q ds sD
es+Z
dT>eT+ #kjT +#&+ ]+~. m H |u e+ sD+> 2014`15 TTT|eH\T k<sD+
+f e esb+ kjT H us yesD XK n+#H\T, n+srjT eTT& #eTTsT <s \ T |]>
neX+ +&+, nX\yTq es| s T yTT<\>T y{ H|< + <y\D+ |]> eTT| +<H
+<q ee Te+~.

<y\D jT+D |uT+

eTT+<Tq b<e \T

2. |uT se\ deTsqT |+b+~+#&+,

yq + ` <s \ e\j #~+ #&+ : eTV>+B
CrjT >MTD b~ VMT |<+(Mahatma

<y\D jT+D nqTd]+# ePV

|]>Dq rdTe\dq s\T.
1. es{ <s \ nqT>TD+> y& + : & <s \ |
jT+D myj
T &+, $<TY s+> d+dsD\T,
|uT s] <s \ $<q+ qT+& es{ s]
< s \ $< H nqTd ] +# & + e+{ $
nDyjT &q <y\D d\\+ eyT
|u $+ #kjT H ydy >V +#&+ m+
eTTK+. d _ & \ T, < e T\qT Z + # & +
< y \D ~+| u < j T | u y
#|sTT.

m+| #dq bC\T >T $<+> eekjT

s+> < q T yTsT>T|s# & + <T . Te+{
|< \ +< |+q yH \T eekjT s+>+
L \ =s q T d w + , y q +`< s \
e\j(wage-price spiral) sDeTeTHsTT.
n+<Te\ Te+{ |c |uT $<q
| < \ < q T |+# bC \ qT
m+#Te&+H |]cs+ +~.
3. s T \ |uT eT< T qT VTB] +#&+ : d
eT< T <s \ T(MSP) <s s T \ eT< T d,

$eq |_ wH

54

Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)) e+{ |<\

us ] ds

Vs <H\ dsDqT =qk+# $<H

eTT+<T rdTb<\#T+f, d eT<T
< s \ qT ej T + $# D j T T + >
nqTd+<q+ #j*. Vs <H\ dsD
|]$TT\T +& +&L&<T. = sh
|uT \T 14`15 X+ eT+& |qT\T $~d ,
n~ uqd\T #*d T H sTT. d eT< T <s
$T+ =qT>\T #dTHsTT. $<H\qT
sTV|s# *. us Vs d+d( Food Corporation of India (FCI)) es{ D <H\
<s\qT n<T| #d+<T q \Te\qT
$& T < \ # j T b +< nqTu e + <s
\Tk+~. m>TeTT\| eT+> +\qT
=\+# & + <s s T \ bV \T
n+~dH , m|dt es qT+& deTse ++>
eT] \\qT d]+#e#T. |P#sY es{
<s &<T &T\qT n~>$ T+#e#T.
4. sh eekjT T\ es{+> $T{ #{\T:
$ @ke\qT dw+ #&+ bT ndeTs q T
|+b+~k+~. eekjT dsT \ CrjT
es{qT dw+ #& #{\T n&+ \T>
esTTHsTT. @ke #~+#&+ bT
eekjT T\ es{+> $T{\qT sh
|uT \ s& d# eqsT\T> es +&
y]+#*. eT< esT\ <=+s\ T +& #d
$<+> |yT s+>+ |ejT es
y~\qT dw+ #& w #j *. B =+
ee~ |&TT+~. {, |+&T, Ls>jT\qT
DyT eekjT T\ es{+> $T{\
#{\ |]~ qT+& DyT jT y*.
eekjT T\ es{+> $T{\ mTe+{
|qT\T, |E
\T #*+ # +&H HsT > s T \ qT+&
=H$<+ > #j *.
5. |uT T\ b: <e u< eT]jTT &{
sVD(Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM)) #+
+< yT q \
|]$T L&q \\qT @sT #jT &+ <s
<eTqT +< y*.

<y\D <sDT\T
d+es+
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14

WPI

CPI-IW

CPI-NS

8.94
7.35
5.98

8.39
10.44
9.68

10.21
9.49

Source: Off ice of the Economic Adviser, Department of Industrial

Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Labour Bureau, Central Statistics
Off ice (CSO).
Notes: WPI is wholesale price index; CPIIW is consumer price
index-industrial workers; CPI-NS is CPI-new series.

>essY ]Y sY. |f HjTq |DT\ $T{

@sT #jT &+ ]+~. |dT + q <e $<q #{
bs<s +>, k< eTjT $<+ > dMT+ , |+
#jT& nedsyTq dbsdT\T #jT&yT $T{
jTT |<q \+. $T{ 2014 qe] q
y ~ q T s b+~++~. < X + < y \D
sV+#+<T $T{ +~ db sdT \T #d+ ~.
1. ydT \TuT L&q <y\D \ (flexible inflation targeting (FIT) ) # + d +
$eTjT<sT\ <s\ dN(+uH) k<sD
d+<qs> |j +#*. $eTjT<sT\ <s \
dN s nqTd+<qs\ +f Jeq ej
n <>sZ > |_+_dT+ ~.
2. \ <y\D s T 4 X+ +&*. B s +&
\ ee~ k~+# $<+ > 2 X+ ydT \TuT
*+#*.
3. +<Td+ eT+> d+~ esZ nqTd]+#*.
| d T + <<| 10 X + k s TT q
<y\D 12 H\\ $T+# ee~ 8
X, 24 H\\ $T+# ee~ 6 X
Z+#*.
4. <e $<q esTq, <s ds k<q
nes<\T> \TdTq b\H <s \ T, e&s qT
=\+#*.

<e deTw\ <sDT\T

2013`14 $<q |s| <e #s\qT

|_+_d, s <ojT dT\ T |sT>T<\qT qy<T
# d T HsTT. u+ \ d L ]{ \ qT e]&
<e $<q #{ dMT+ , |+ #d+<T $d]+#&+ |yd usrjTT\ $<o s &b
2013 d|+ sY 12q usrjT ]sT u+ &|P { dMTsD |]+~. B+ deTw &b e~ bV+

<e $<q#+| ]Y |f $T{

$eq |_ wH

55

us ] ds

\_++~. 2014 e] e] H{ d+ <e+

|\ e< q s 2012`13 11.5 X+
(reserve money(M )) 14.4 X+ e~ #+<>, $X\ e~ k~+#>, 2013`14 9.4 X Z+~.
<e+(broad money (M )) 13.3 X+ |]+~.
u+\ e< &e+& &bT 2012`13 6.0 X+
e~ #+<>, 2013`14 6.9 X+ |]>sTT. nsTT
(M0)
f+ &b e~ s T 14.0 X+ qT+& 13.9 X
d+ <e+ 2012`13 6.2 X+ |s>> , |&b sTT+~. $X\ <e eqsT\ $wj ed yD
2013`14 14.4 X+ |]+~. usrjT ]sT s+> u+\ |s| 2012`13 13.5 X+ e~
u+ +< |uT |s| e&+ B |< q #+<>, 2013`14 13.9 X+ |]+~.
sDyT+~.
0

d+ <e+

<e >TD+

$X\ <e+(M )
3

2013`14 $X\ <e+ |sT>T<\ 13.0 X+

+T+< usrjT ]sT u+ n+#H yjT >, 13.3
X+ e~sT k~+#&+ ]+~. nsTT +
d+es+ k~+q 13.6 X+ +f =+#+ e
e&+ >eTHs+. |\ e< q s , fy T &bT
bZ e&+ e\ ~ ]+~.

$eq |_ wH

$X\ <y eT]jTT d+ <y eT<

q w <e >TD+(money multiplier) n+{sT.
2013 e] b\T+f 2014 e] L& <e
>TD+ 5.5 e< ds + > +~. &| $X\ <e+
w 2012`13 78.2 X+ +&>, 2013`14
79.2 X |]+~. <e >TD+ ds + <X+
u++> de\ $ds D
, ] s+> n_e~ ddT+ ~.

56

us ] ds

5. u+\T ] d+d\ T
us ] eed |H jT esT eTTKyTq u>+. 2013`14 y{ |rsT yde ]
eed eT+<>e TH |_+_+#sTT. n~ X+ u+\T eT]jTT ] d+d\ T + d+es+
+f e e~s TqT qy<T #dT HsTT. u++> s+>+ dT\ HD| +<q ee Te+~.
d++~ es{ s >Ts bT us |uT + L& |sT>TTq Te+{ dyq T +> |]o*k+~.
] d$T[ +, $j><sT\ d+sD
, |H jT es |qsT + *+#&+ e+{ nH dy
us |uT+ eTT+<THsTT. |m|tsY&m #{ y~+#&+, 2013`14 m|tmdtmsYd y~
deTsD nqTq$ <T |] s+ ] d+dsD\| eTT+<&T >T> u$+#e#T.

u+ |s|
deTw &b e~s T 2012`13 14.2 X+
+&>, 2013`14 d\+> Z 14.1 X
|&bsTT+~. |yd usrjT &bT |< mTq
se&+ e~s T |q + d |]$TyT + ~. u+
|s| e~sT 2012`13 14.1 X+ +&>,
2013`14 13.9 X+> qy<+~. Vss
|s| (Non-food credit) 14.0 X+ qT+& 14.2 X
|]+~. |s| b\T+f &b $ds D
n~+ >
+&+ 2013 e] e] H{ 77.9 X+> q
|s| `&b{ w 2014 e] d\+> Z 77.8
X+> qy<+ ~.
2013`14 ] d+es+ |uT s+>
u+\T, $<o u+\T u+ |s| y> qy<T
#dT >, |y
T s+> u+\T s>eTq+ HsTT.
2013 e] e] H{ 28.0 X+> q |uT ,
s y~ dL]{\ yD u+\ Hdty T +{
2014 e] e] H{ 26.9 X |&b sTT+~.
|s ekq+> 2013 e] e] H{ 29.7 X+>
q HdtyT+{ ` &b{ w 2014 e] e]
H{ 28.7 X bZ sTT+~.

$<o s HH s d&+ { u+ &b| e&s qT

| { sY _ j T +k + ~. 1`3 d + e s\
\|]$T >\ &b| e&s mTe+{ esT
#jT <T . nsTT 3 qT+& 5 d+es\ \ |]$T
*q y{| \+&H +sY u+ +f me>
100 udd t bsTT+ qT+& 400 udd t bsTT+ |+#&+
]+~.

b<q s+>\ sTD\T

b<q s+>\ |uT s+> u+\T q
n&qT\T 2012 e] b*d 2013 e] e]
H{ 13.4 X+ |]>sTT. |y T s+> u+\T q
n&qT\T 14.3 X+ |s>> , $<o u+\ n&qT\T
5.3 X+ eyT |s>& + >eTHs+.

eekjT |s|
eekjT s+> 2012`13 ] d+es+
` 6,07,375.62 T sTD\T> |+|D #jT &+ ]+~.

yD u+\T, b+rjT >MTD u+\T, dV s

u+\T => 152.77 \\ eT+~ s T \ |s|
$d] +#sTT. <s 2013 e] e] H{ eekjT
sTD\T b+~q n+ d+K 7.04 |]+~.
* >D+\ |s+ 2013`14 eekjT
\ \ +>
&b sV | <s|& mHsY n+ s +&T s+> ` 7,00,000 T sTD+ n+<Cj
s\ e&s |]$TT\qT e]+|Cj
T &+ sT>T+~. s +#Te&+ ]+~. nsTT \ $T+ sTD\T

mHsY &b| e&s T

$eq |_ wH

57

us ] ds

|+|D #jT &+ ]+~. 2013`14 ] d+es+

yTT+ eekjT s+> ` 7,30,766 T sTD\T>
n+<CjT+ ]+~. +<T n~ X+ |s|
w&\T yD u+\T n+<CjT>, 2013`14
yD u+\T eekjT |s| n+<C eT
y{qT |+#THsTT.

eekj $$< u+\T q |s| (%)

2012-13
dVs u+\T
18.31
b+rjT >MTD u+\T 10.48
yD u+\T
71.21

2013-14
16.21
11.31
72.48

Source: Indian Banks Association (IBA), RBI, and National

Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).

w&\T yD u+\ |rsT

(`

n+X+
2011-12
<jT+
741628
e& <jT+
655284
s <jT+
86344
ejT+
659969
e& y|
430356
sVD ejT+
137572
+<q \T >+T KsT\T 92042
sVD u+
173700
s u+
81658
s e& <jT+
224928
yTT+ dT\T
8320890
s <jT+
311272

)
2012-13
861398
763612
97787
770233
513803
156585
99845
191010
91165
249809
9573334
347595

2012`13 u+\ uH wT yTT+ e~

eT]+ >T <Z \ |++~. w&\T yD u+\
dMT uH wT e~ 2011`12 15.8 X+
+&>, 2012`13 15.1 X Z+~. u+\
yTT+ &b s +{ eT]jTT d$+> n+T(current
and savings accounts (CASA)) 33 X+ y{ *
HsTT. w&\T yD u+\ |s| ` &b
w dTesT 79 X+ e< ds + > +~.
2012`13 eekjT+, |]XeT\T, de\T
y T T< \ > T n < s + >\ | s | e~
eT+<++~.
u+\ Hdty T + e~ 2011`12 16.1
X+ +&>, 2012`13 17.0 X |]+~.
|s| e~ eT+<+#&+ 2012`13 e&
sq \| L& y{ <Twue+ |&+ ~.

u++> s+>+ ss dT\ T

2012`13 u++> s+> dT\ HD
D
+ #&+ |< q +<q> e]+~. u+\ d\
ss dT\ T y>+ > |]>sTT. u+\ d\ ss
dT\ , d\ n&qT\ eT< w 2011`12
3.1 X+ +&>, 2012`13 3.6 X |]+~.
d HD D d{ u+ |t +&j >|
u+\ dw+ > |k+~. M{ ss dT\ w
2013 e] e] H{ 5 X # s T +~.
CrjTsD
+ #jT &q u+\T 3.6 X+ w
mdt_ >| u+\ sT y kq+ HsTT.

u++> s ] d+d\ T

$ksy T q ] neds\qT rsT @sT #dq

d + d \ $Crj T d e TV u+ + > s ]
d+d\T(Non-banking f inancial institutions (NBFIs))
Source: RBI
n+{sT. M{ ] d+d\ T(financial institutions (FIs)),
||+ # ] d+u+ eTTdq D
+ VQcsT> HH u+ ] +|\T(Non Bank Financial Comq usrjT u++> s+>+, > s +&T d+es\T> panies (NBFCs)) nH s +&T $u>\T> $u +#e#T.
||+# eT]jTT <ojT ] eT+<>eTq+ |uy
T
>Ts + ~. 2012`13 |s| HeT~+#&+ , e&s qT ] d+d\
dss+ #jT&+ w&\T yD u+\ e~
usrjT ]sT u+ jT+D, |syD
|q yT+ ~. u+\ d HD, | + |uT s+> |]~ H\T>T ] d+d\ T HsTT. n$: 1. mbsY
u+\ d HD D
+ +~. nsTTq|{, usrjT ` +bsY u+ |t +&j (Export-Import Bank of
u+\T, |+ |uT s+> u+\ eT\<q India (EXIM) ), 2. Crj T eekj T eT]j T T
ksTT\T <&+ >, w +<q \ $T+ HsTT.
>MTD_e~ u+(National Bank for Agriculture and

$eq |_ wH

58

us ] ds

Rural Development (NABARD)), 3. CrjT >V

sD d+d( National Housing Board (NHB)), 4. us
q |]XeT\ n_e~ u+(Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)). nsTT, d+d\
T

2012`13 d]+q yTT+ eqsT\T 2011`12 +f

e> HsTT. d\ * eT]jTT Bs * eqsT\
dsD\T s+& |qeTjsTT. nsTT, $<o s
<s ]q eqsT\ dsD
y>+ > |s>& + >eTHs+.
] d+d\ T $<o eqsT\ <s d]+q <T \T
2012`13 73.4 X+ |s>> , n+sZ eqsT\ <s
]|q <T\ dsD 9.3 X+ eyT |s>&+
>eTHs+. 2012`13 ] d+d\ T sVD eT]jTT
s u\T s +& yTsT>T|&sTT.

HH u++> ] d+d\ T
2013 e] 31 H{ yTT+ u+ dT\
HH u++> ] d+d\ T 13.0 X+ y{ *
HsTT. ] d$T |sT>TTq b<q <c,
HH u++> ] d+d\qT, |+, q sV
|]XeT\T eT]jTT ]f s+>\ eTTKyTq ]
eT< e] d+d\ T> |]>D+ #&+ sT>T+~. |\
e< qT+& &bqT y~+# sV qT { M{ s +&T
\T> eZ ] +# e # T . 1. & b T rd T H
mH _ m| t d \ T( NBFC-D ), 2. & b T rd T
mHm|_t d\T(NBFC-ND). 2012 pH e] H{ sY_
e< qy<T #sTT+#Tq mHm|_t d\T 12,385 +&>,
2013 pH e] H{ M{ d + K 12,225
|&b sTT+~. mH_m|dt ` &\ d+K 271 qT+& 254
bZ sTT+~. < \+ &bT rdT mH_m|dt \
d+K 370 qT+& 417 |]+~.

q ybs\T, n<jT T+u

\ deT> ] de| $T{
usrjT ]sT u+ 2013 d|+ sY &s Y
HY ysY n< q q ybs\T eT]jTT n<jT
T+u\ deT> ] de\(Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low-Income
Households (CCFS)

)| $T{ @sT #d+ ~.

$T{ 2014 qe] 7q q y~qT $&T<\ #d+ ~.
] d$T[ k~+# eT+ ] d$T[ +
eT]jTT ds + nH s +&T n+X\qT |+b+~+# |<
VQ |<T\qT nqTd]+#*q neds+ +<

$eq |_ wH

$T{ |<q+> H= #|+~. @< qeTH|

<s|& yK ] qT+& y< =\>\ d++~. +<Td+
|P] ksTT CrjT u+\T, $$< s\ b+rjT
u+\T, u++> s ] d+d\ T, ] es eT<
u>ke\qT @sT #d, y{ e] $<+ > #j \
d++~.
e\+ n|< k<sD d+d\ | <s|& +&,
| d+d\ eT< | s D qT eT]jTT u>ke\qT
bV+#\q< $T{ #dq db sT\ ks+X+.
yK] <s ] ds+ < $j><sT\
yT<q+ eV+#&+ mTe+{ sJ |& +&
n~ HD L&q ] d$T[ eT]+
deTse ++> k~+#e# dw+ #d+ ~.
$T{ #dq = \ db sdT \T:
1. <sY q+sTqT C #d deTjT+H | ]
ks m\ u+ n+T(Universal
Electronic Bank Account )qT \u eTj T
#j*.
2. e |yX +<q\ L&q d+>
$<H |yX |{*. n+{ deqyTq $\Te
y*. # * + | u+ \T, { $ j \
$jTeT<sT\ u+\T, { HdtyT+T
u+ \ d V u+ \ MT< eT]+
+B]+#*.
3. b+rjT u+\ ]dT <] |syDqT
n_e~ #d |jT \qT #|{ *. qq b+rjT
u+\qT @sT #jT & eTT+<T |&T
q y{ |+ #j *.
4. HusY, d&, mHV#Y_\qT es{ yTsT>
qM]+, ]dT <] |s| |+# ]
d+d\ T> es*.
5. HH u++> |H H d+d\ s#H s +&T
\T> |{w]+#*. sY HdtyT+{
+|\T eT]jTT s mHm|_t d\T nH s +&T
\T> eZ] +#*. _Hdt sk +&+T>
eeV]+#+<T mHm|_t d`mH&\ nqTeT
|qsT<]+#*.
6. b<q s+>\ sTD\ |+|D d++~+,
|dT $<q+ q sT\T, q ybs\T,
\Vq esZ\| +B]+#&+ u>H +~.
nsTT sTD\T n+~+# | d+d ] eed

59

us ] ds

{ < n++ f me s+>\ MT<, <X+

= b+\| +B ] +# $< + >
bV+#\ $T{ dbsdT #d+~. |uT
d_&\qT ] dV j\T < sTD\ my \
s|+ +&, | |jq ~\(direct benefit transfers (DBTs) ) s | +
es*.
7. ]sT u+ jT+D +& ] d+d\
y{ d++~+q sTD |<\qT sTT+
neT\T #d eTT+<T y{ d++~+q n+sZ
eT~+| |jT \T sT|y*.

eT+psT #d+ ~. s +&T 1. &m|dt *$Tf&, 2. +<q

|H jT dddt |y
T *$Tf&.

|H jT esT
es |rsT

2013`14 b<$T es <s eqsT\

dMTsD
+ d+es+ b\T+f s>eTq+
qT y\& s TT+~. { |_ wO <s dMT]+q
yTT+ 14.2 X |q yT+ ~. 2013`14 Hwq
k m+C(National Stock Exchange (NSE)) eT]jTT
u+u k m+C(Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE))
e< ={ ` 33 d>
T |]eD+ *q 38
jT |_ |] +>(initial public offerings (IPO))
] d$T[+ |uT b<e\ n qy<j sTT. 2012`13 b\T+f |z\T 83.33
eTTKyTq ~. <X+ ] de\qT n+<T+& q X+ |&b jsTT.
Hu |< mTq ] de\qT $d] +, y] e~
keTs y* rjT&yT ] d$T[ + jTT \ +. eT#Te |+
& <s eqsT\ dMTsD
k+|<jT u++> eed y\T|\ q y]
eT#Te |+& <s 2012`13 es{
u++> de\qT $d] +#& +< |uT +, usrjT
]sT u+ m|{|&T #s\T rdT+THsTT. qT+& ` 76,539 T dMT]+#>, 2013`14
|uT s+> u+\T 2012`13 4,432 XK\qT ` 53,783 T e y T d M T ] +# & + ]+~.
bs+_+#>, 2013`14 7,840 XK\qT ]#sTT. eT#Te |+& <s d+es+ \+ eqsT\
2012`13 ] d+es+ eTTd H{ |uT s+> dMTsD 23.1 X+ |&bsTT+~. nd{ n+&sY
u+\T 69,652 @{m+(automated teller machines yTHCyT +{(asset under management (AUM)) $\Te
2013 e] 31 H{ ` 7,01,443 T +&>, 2014
(ATMs) )\qT * +& > , 2014 qe] H{
e] 31 H{ 17.6 X+ |] ` 8,25,240
96,853 #ssTT.
#sT+~.

] d$T[ +

|yT s+>+ qq u++> d+& esT

dqT\T
us< X |< q dNq _mdt dH, mHmdt
usrjT ]sT u+ 2013 | e] 22q |y T
s + > + q q u+ \ dqT\T e&
es<Z s \T $&T<\ #d+ ~. nq+s+ |y
T s+>+
qq u+\ @sT <sU dT\ qT V+#>, 25
<sU dT\ T e#sTT.
<sUdT\qT |]o*+#+<T usrjT ]sT
u+ eJ >essY &s Y _eT H n< q
nTq ksTT d\V $T{ @sT #jT &+ ]+~.
$T{ db sdT \ L&q y~qT 2014 | e]
25q deT]++~. B <s+> 2014 @| 2q
usrjT ]sT u+ <sU dT\ qT n+sZ d{
]|+~. s+&T <sUdT\ dbjT nqTeT

$eq |_ wH

|\ T 2013`14 ] d+es+ esTd> 18.8 X+

eT]jTT 18.0 X+ u+ b+<sTT. ||+ # <X\
m+| # d q | < q d N\ ny T ] # + ~q
mdt|m(SPX) +& 2013 +&sY d+es+
n~+ > 29.6 X+ e~ qy<T #dT ]sT
dw++~.
2014 e] e] H{ dL]{dt n+& m+C
usY |t +&j (Securities and Exchange Board of
India (SEBI) ) e< 1710 eT+~ $< o d + k >
Hds T ( foreign institutional investors (FIIs)) qy<T
#dT HsT. B+ qy~ |U\ d+K 6,344
|]+~. 2013`14 yTT+ s $<o d+k>

60

us ] ds

|yV\ yTT+ 8.9 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT> *+~. XK s<], ] eeVs\ XK s<], ] de\
_mdt e< 2012`13 { es{ q><T ybs+ XK s<], eTTK ] d\V<sT duT \T> +{sT.
`5,48,774 T s>>, 2013`14 ` 5,21,664
|&b sTT+~. mHmdt e< ` 27,08,279
qT+& ` 28,08,489 |]+~.
20 |]~ 2009 ] ds usT( Financial
Stability Board (FSB) )qT @sT # X s T . Crj T
n<]{\+{ @{| e&+, |eD\qT s +#
] s+> #{\qT |dT neds\ nqT>TD+> d+d\ qT @sT #jT &+, \Vq\qT |]w]+#&+ ,
d+d]+#&+ d+ +< |uT + 2011 e] 24q ] ds+ d+ nedsyTq <&yTq s>T,
] s+> # d+dsD\ $TwH( Financial Sector Leg- |s yD
eT]jTT s $<H\qT sb+~+#&+ d+
islative Reforms Commission (FSLRC))qT @sT d+dq
T @sT #jT &+ ]+~. m|mt dt_ bT
#d+~. $TwH 2013 e] 22q q y~qT u++> d|s$Y H| ud $T{(Banking SupervideT]++~. usrjT |HjT s+>+ d+k> sion (BCBS)), n+srjT <e ~(International Monn+X\T, #|syTq n+X\T, s>T |yTesY, etary Fund (IMF)) duTs*> us<X+ d+u
sVD|syTq esT\| $TwH $ksyTq nq+s+ d+dsD\ j o\+> b\T|+#T+~.
db sdT \T #d+ ~. M{ |< q+> #| s y T q n+X\T,
#| s + > n+X\T nH s +&T u>\T> $u +#e#T.
{e\ d+es\ n+srjT b{ nH qq
|dT + q s >T @C\qT |q]]+#&+ ,
nedsy T q # = @C\qT dw+ #&+ <s eT]jTT X+ bs+uy T + ~. us< X + s +&T n|< esT
|H jT s+> s >T eedq T HH ds , d nsTTq sbsTT eT]jTT | s +&+{q, n+srjT
<] yK ] <s d+d]+#\ $TwH db sdT y~\| j o\ es + n_e~ #+~+~. $<o de TsT
#d+~. |HjT s+> @&T @C\qT eedqT us< X < eTs b+H ss T |+|H ydT \T
uT * +&>, us< X + T+u\T, d+d\ T
|b~++~.
]C\wH s=swH (Resolution Corporation $< X \ neX\ d + e T+> esZ \ T
yTTHsTT.
(RC)), | _ & u y T H C y T +{ @C ( Public Debt
sbsTT d++~+ sEy sb\T
Management Agency (PDMA)), ] s+> n|{
50.58
_*jTH nyT]H &\s #sT HsTT. $<o
{Tq(Financial Sector Appellate Tribunal (FSAT)),
|HjT &{ yTHCyT+{ d+sY(Financial Data es{ >DjTyTq b{<sT> ne]++~. |
Management Centre (FDMC)) e+{ qq @C\ d + +~ + q d > | > z|H bw q T | & T
k|q nedsyTq |D[qT sb+~+#+<T $<X\ #+~qy e&+ >eTHs+.
{dtbsTqT @sT #j\ L& ssTT+#&+
s +&T s+>\ |< + ||+ # es{
]+~.
nH~ nd\T <H #| e#T. $<X\ es{ us< X
es{ y{ |s>&+ us<X |HjT eed
y\T|* |sD> +{+~.
] ds sV+#&+ , n+sY eTBs D qT
d e Tqj T | s # & + , | H j T s + > n_ e ~
bV+#&+ d+ nedsy T q jT++> |+
#jT&+, d+k>+ #jT& +< |uT+ 2010 qsH
&d+sY ] ds eT]jTT n_e~ eT+&*(Financial
| <T ] eed s>|<y T q eT]jTT
Stability and Development Council (FSDC)) @sT n_e~ #+<TTq ;e s+>+ m+ \yT q
~. ~
#d+~. B +< ] eT+ n<> +{sT. b<T| n\yTqT bV+#&y T , >MTD, |D

] s+> s >T n<]{\ n~| T \T, ] eT+ |]XeT\, e\ dTs e\j @sT #dT + ~.

] ds usT

] s+> #{\ d+dsD\ $TwH

\ es d+ ||+ # y| b{

] ds eT]jTT n_e~ eT+&*

qsH |qqT

$eq |_ wH

61

us ] ds

eT* edT \ n_e~ nedsy T q Bs * <T \qT

*dT+ ~. n+<Te\ s+s ] e~ qsHqT
n_e~ #jT &+ eXeTeT+~. |]| yTq qsqT
|]XeT <s ke u < eT]jTT |qqT d+dsD\T
L& |j q+ b+<TsTT. s+>+ d+dsD\T
yTT<\T |{q 2000 d+es+ s+>+ 7 ;e
+|\T +&$.

J$ ;e

|s D qT n+~+#sTT. 2011`12 b\T +f

2012`13 yT qsqT s+>+ | #dT q yT
qsqT @C+ d+K 35 X+ |] 17,052
|]+~. yT qTsqT J$ ;e eT]jTT e>
qq ybs\ 2011`12 46.20 \\ b\d\
<s ` 115.68 |$TjT+ d]+#>, 2012`13
50.36 \\ b\d\ <s ` 109.68 |$TjT+
dMT]+#&+ ]+~.

qsqT y| k+<

2013`14 ] d+es+ J$ ;e d+d\ T

` 1,19,641 y T T< { d + e s + | $ Tj
d]+#sTT. 2012`13 d]+q yTT<{ d+es+
|$TjT+ ` 1,07,361 +f ~ 11.44 X+ n~+ .
|y
T s+>+ dMT]+q |$TjT+ 4.01 X+ >>Z ,
md 17.64 X+ e~ k~++~.

]w d+es+ &|, dMT]+q

|$Tj eT< >\ w qsqT y|( Insurance
penetration)> sksT . n<$<+
> yTT+ Hu,
| $ Tj eT< q w q s qT
k+<(insurance density) n+{sT. 2000 2.3
X+> q qsqT y|, 2012 H{ 3.96 X
HH |t qsH
|]+~. +<T J$ ;e y| 1.8 X+ qT+&
2013`14 mbsY &{ >s+{ dyT(Export 3.17 X, HH |t qsqT y| 0.7 X+
Credit Guarantee Scheme [ECGC]), eekjT ;e qT+& 0.78 X |]+~.
+| e+{ | ;e d+d\ T, s> ;e d+d\ T |qH s+>+
* | ` 77,583 T | $ Tj d ] +#sTT.
|qH | + & s > T n+& & e \|t y T +{
2012`13 d]+q ` 69,089 |$TjT+ +f
n<

]{
(Pension Fund Regulatory and Development
~ 12.23 X+ n~+ .
Authority (PFRDA)) #+
2013qT bsy T +T 2013
yT qsH
d|+ sY y~+#>, 2014 | e] 1 qT+& neT
q s H s > T n+& & e \|t y T +{ e&+ ]+~. CrjT |qH |<+ <s X$T
n<]{(IRDA) C #dq yT qsqT s >Twq T Hu L& ke u <q T neT\T #j \
nedsy T q s+> ;eqT bV+#& eXyT q #+ s k+~.

|uT s+>, s yD u+\ XK\ $ds D

u+/u+ deTT<jT+
1. mdt_, nqT+< u+\T
2. CrjT+ #jT & u+\T
(&_ *|)(1G2)
1. CrjT+#jT & u+\T
2. s |uT s+>u+\T
3. b+rjT >MTD u+\T
yTT+ |uT s+> u+\T
4. s yD u+\T(mG_)
m. b |y
T u+\T
_. = |y
T u+\T
5. $<o u+\T
yTT+ w&\T yD u+\T
6. HH w&\T yD u+\T
k b+ u+\T
yTT+ yD u+\T

2008 2009 2010 2011

2012
2013 2013
pH 30 pH 30 pH 30 pH 30 pH 30 pH 30 &d+sY 31
15401 16358 17444 18207 19147 20217 20685
38162 39951 42357 45216 49012 52925 55919
37662
500
14876
68439
8338
4543
3795
279
77056
46
46
77102

39387
564
15258
71567
9016
4738
4278
295
80878
46
46
80924

41642
715
15564
75365
10517
5071
5446
310
86192
47
47
86239

44346
870
16009
79432
11899
4868
7031
317
91648
55
55
91703

48048 51832 54741

964 1093 1178
16798 17446 17640
84957 90588 94244
13702 16062 17081
5478 6066 6297
8224 9996 10784
323
335
336
98982 106985 111661
55
60
62
55
60
62
99037 107045 111723

>MTD >MTD XK\

XK\T
X+
7277
35.2
18596
33.3
18426
170
13176
39049
3248
1200
2048
8
42305
17
17
42322

33.7
14.4
74.7
41.4
19.0
19.1
19.0
2.4
37.9
27.4
27.4
37.9

Source : RBI

$eq |_ wH

62

us ] ds

6. $<o #*+ |\ Xw+

us< X $<o #*+ |\ Xw+ (balance-of-payments (BoP)) |]d 2013`14 e] eT&T e d
>DjT+> yTsT>T|&+ ~. +< |uT +, usrjT ]sT u+ #|{ q #s \ bT $<o s+>+
d\ ] eed eT+<+#&+ L& +<T =+ <V<|& + ~. 2012`13 88.2 _*jTH &\s( &|
4.7 X+) >]w ksTT #sT q s +T n+T T 2013`14 32.4 _*jTH &\s( &| 1.7
X+) >DjT+> |&b sTT+~. 2011`12 eT]jTT 2012`13 &| 4.0 X |> nds ksTT
q s +T n+T T $<o #*+ |\ Xw+ eq yTsT>T<\ # |Xe Tq+ *++~. <
|]d \uT , eTT+<T k>e\dq neds+ +~. s +T n+T T ~eq|{, 2012`13
92.0 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT> q s eT\<q |yV\T 2013`14 47.9 _*jTH &\s
|&bjsTT.

||+ # ] |]d

us< X $<o #*+ |\ Xw+

n+srjT <e ~(IMF) 2014 @| $&T<\

#dq ||+ # ] u$ wY(World Economic Outlook
(WEO)) n+#H\ |s+ 2013 3.0 X+ e~
k~+q ||+# ] eed 2014 3.6 X+
|sT>T<\qT qy<T #jT qT+~. 2015 e~ eT]+>
|] 3.9 X #sT qT+~. n_e~ #+~q ]
eed \ T 2014 > D j T +> 2.2 X + e~
k~+#qT+&>, n_e~ #+<TTq ] eed\T
2013 +f =+#+ yTsT>T> 4.9 X+ e~ qy<T
#dT qTHsTT. ] sb\ $ds D bT ||+ #
yD+ L& eT+> \TqT+~. nsTT n~, ||+ #
] d+u eTT+<Tq+ y>+ > |+Ee&+ k< +
be#T. us ] eed eT]+ y>+ > ||+ #
] eed dMTeTe+~. 2013`14 ]
d+es+ us<X m>TeTT\T, ~>TeTT\ yTT+
&| 113 X #sTe&yT +<T sD+.
||+ # ] es e# &<T &T\T es + , |H H,
$Xd+ e+{ |\T esZ\ <s us< X + | |u e+
#|THsTT. $<+ > n_e~ #+~q ] eed
e# mTe+{ #&T < nqV |]DeH us< X
$<o #*+ |\ Xw+ | |u e+ #|THsTT.

2011`12 78.2 _*jTH &\sT, 2012`13

88.2 _*jTH &\sT> q s +T n+T T |]d
2013`14 yTsT>T |& 32.4 _*jTH &\s >&Z +
] eed |* y>e +yT q yTsT>T<\ |++~.
jTs CH d+u+ , = \ ~>TeTT\ <X+
dsq &e+& be&+ e\q 2011`12 $<o
#*+ |\ Xw+ | |&q & 2012`13 ] d+es+
yTT+ , 2013`14 yTT<{ e d+ L& =qk+~.
2012`13 s eT\<q |yV\T n~+ > +&+
e\q s +T n+T TqT =+ dsT u T #jT &
&+ ]+~. $<o es| \\T 3.8 _*jTH
&\s yTs |]>sTT. 2012`13 m>TeTT\T
\Vq+> +&+, ~>TeTT\T ds+> +&+
sD+> q u es T s +T n+T T
ksTT\T |s>& |< q sDyT+ ~. us< X + eTT&
|{*jT+ ~>TeTT\| <s|& +&+, ||+ # ]
d+u+ sTy +>s+ ~>TeTT\T >DjT+>
|s>& + eTq ~>TeTT u V#T<\ d+u$ ++~.
|{*jT+ jTs #eTTsT, +<q\T, +>s+ jTs
eT]j T T y + & ~> T eT T \T 2012`13 eT]j T T
2013`14 |q eTjsTT.

$eq |_ wH

63

us ] ds

s eT\<q |yV\T 2011`12 65.3

_*jTH nyT]H &\sT +&>, 2012`13 92.0
_*jTH nyT]H &\s |], 2013`14 k]>
us< X $<o sTD us+ |]$TT\ &
47.9 _*j T H &\s | & b j sTT. | q + +~. 2013 e] e] H{ us< X $<o n| 404.9
bsTb *j |T&T\T re eT+<>e TH, d\* _*jTH nyT]H &\s( ` 2,200,410 T) #]+~.
|s| , s eT\<q + s W{b q T |_+_k+~. 2012 e] e] H{ 360.8 _*jTH nyT]H
&\s( `18,44,167 T) b\T+f 44.1 _*jTH
nyT]H &\sT( 12.2 X+) |]+~. Bs * $<o
$<o es| \ esT\qT $<o #*+ |\ sTD us+ 9.1 X+ |s>> , d\* sTD us+
Xw+ b|~ MT< q \ esT, sY_ e< 23.7 X+ |]+~.
q dT\ $\Te esT> |s=qe#T. s +&+{
2013 e] e] H{ b\T+f 2013
nyT]H &\s >Dk sT . 2014 e] e] H{ &d+sY e] H{ $<o sTD us+ 5.2 X+ |]
$<o #*+ |\ Xw+ b|~q $<o es| \\T 426.0 _*jTH nyT]H &\s |]bsTT+~. $<o
15.5 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT |s>> , nyT]H &\sY sTD us+ |sT>T<\ Bs* sTD\T, |+
jTs dT\ $\Te qw+ s>& + e\q k<sD $<o mHsY &bT n~ y{ * HsTT.
es| \\T e\+ 12.2 _*jTH nyT]H &\s
2013 &d+sY e] H{ us< X $<o sTD
yTs eyT |]qT >D+ #&+~. 2014 yT H{
us< X $<o es| \\T 312.2 _*jTH nyT]H us+ Bs * sTD\T 78.2 X+ +&>, $T*q
&\s #sT HsTT. |< mTq $<o es| \\T 21.8 X+ d\* sTD\T HsTT. 2013 e]
*q <X\ usY L& {> |]>D+ #&T+~. e] qT+& 2013 &d+sY e] H{ Bs * sTD
us+ 25.1 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT( 8.1 X+) |s>> ,
us< X + $<o es| \\T
~>TeTT >T <Z \ qT dd d\ * sTD us+
d+es+ $<o es| \\T(_*jTH &\s )
2008`09
252.0 4.0 _*jTH &\sT( 4.1 X+) +Z ~.
$<o sTD+ $<o yD sTD\T( ECB),
2009`10
279.1
2010`11
304.8 mHsY &bT, VQ | sTD\T *| 67 X+
2011`12
294.4 y{ * +{sTT. < b sTD\T, m>TeT &{,
2012`13
292.0 m+m|,t sbsTT sTD+ yTT<\>Tq$ 11.2 X+
2013`14
304.2 +{sTT. $<+ > yTT+ $<o sTD+ Bs * sTD\T
= |< q <X\ $<o es| \\T 78.2 X+ +{sTT.

$<o n|

$<o es| \\T

(_*jTH &\s )

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

<X+
#H
bH
ds+&
sc
u
<D =]j
V+>+>
us<X+
s
bH
<sTT+&

$eq |_ wH

2014 e] e] H{
3950.0
1325.0
546.6
486.2
363.9
354.4
331.6
304.2
207.8
173.4
171.1
154.3

n+srjT b*
||+ # u+ $&T<\ #dq International Debt
Statistics 2014 y~ |s+ 2012 e] H{ n~
X+ $<o sTD us+ *q n_e~ #+<TTq <X\
#H , u sT y us< X + eT&e kq+ +~.
d\ CrjT <jT+(gross national income (GNI))
us< X $<o sTD us+ 20.8 X+ +~.
d\ CrjT <jT+ $<o sTD us+ X+
#H n\+> 9.2 X+ +&>, n e X+
*q <X\ us< X + H\T>e kq+ +~. $<o
sTD us+ $<o es| \\T 71.4 X+ *
+&, 7e kq+ +~.
64

us ] ds

2012 $<o n| yTT<{ 20 kH q <X\T

e. <X+

$<o n|
($T*jTH &\s )

mH
n| %

$<o n|
d\* sTD+%

yTT+ n|
$<o es| \\T%

Source : World Banks International Debt Statistics 2014.

$eq |_ wH

65

us ] ds

7. n+srjT es +
||+ #+ eT\q |{q || + q\T es es+Z <s ||+ #+ s esZ\ n+
y>+ > #sT +THjT 2008 ||+ # ] d+u+ , < |* +> eq ||+ # ] eed eq
eT+<>e Tq+ dw+ #XsTT. 2008 d+u+ ||+ # es (dsT \T eT]jTT de\ es \T s +&+{)
H_q+ #XsTT. B+ 2009 ||+ # es + 19.8 X+ |L\ e~ |&b sTT+~. d+u
eTT+<T <T d+es\ bT(2003`2007) ||+ # es + $\Te d+es d>
Tq 16.6 X+ <&y T q
e~s TqT k~++~. d+u+ nq+s+ <T d+es\(2009`2013) 9.9 X+ d>
T y] e~
eyT qy<T #dT+~. ||+# <sD |_+_d us<X m>TeTT\T(dsT\T eT]jTT de\T)
L& d+u eTT+<T <T d+es\ 30.1 X+ d>
T y] e~s T k~+#>, d+u+ nq+s+
<T d+es\ 16.0 X |&b sTT+~. |dT + u$ wY XeV+> q|{, 2008 d+u|
qy + =\> H|< + ||+ #, us< X es | |]d + <Ts\ +>H +~.
$\Te 2000`01 &| 21.8 X+ +&>,
2013`14 H{ 44.1 X |]+~.

||+ # es +
n+srjT es |]eD e~ 2011 6.1
X \T , 2012 eTs 2.8 X
|&bsTT+~. eTs 3.0 X+ e~ \T+Tq
d+ \T +~. n_e~ #+~q ] eed\ T d+u+
nq+ s + es + $w j T + |\ey T q | rs T
|<] +#sTT. nsTT |dT + \T ese q es{
eed\ T, n_e~ #+<TTq ] eed\ +f yTsT> q
|*\T k~dTHsTT.

us< X m>TeTT\ e~

>& q <T d+es\ us< X m>TeTT\

e~ mT |\qT #$ #d+~. 2008 ] d+u+
sT y 2009`10, nq+s+ jTs CH d+u+ ,
||+ # ] eT+<>e Tq+ |* +> 2012`13 s +&T
ksT |L\ |*\qT #$ #d+~. 2013`14
m>TeTT\ \ + 325 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT >,
312.6 _*jTH &\sT eyT k~+#&+ ]+~.
nsTT ~ + d+es+ 1.8 X+ |L\ e~
us<X n+srjT dsT\ es+ eT+> b\T+f 4.1 X+ kqTL\ e~ k~+#&+
b<q d+]+#T+{+~. 2000 d+es+ ]+~.
||+# m>TeTT\T, ~>TeTT esTd> 0.7 X+ u s < X + , s es e q, n_ e ~
eT]jTT 0.8 X+> q us< X y{ 2013 H{
1.7 X+ eT]jTT 2.5 X |]+~. 2000 #+<TTq <X\ m>TeTT\ rsT
d+es+ ||+#+ n>kq+ q dsT\
||+# dsT m>TeTT eseq eT]jTT
m>TeTT<sT 31e kq+, ~>TeTT 19e kq+ n_e~ #+<TTq ] eed\(emerging and deq us< X + ||+ # yD d+d( World Trade Or- veloping economies (EDEs)) y{ 2000 25.4
ganization (WTO)) n+#H\ |s+ 2013 H{ X+ +&>, 2012 H{ 42.3 X |]+~.
m>TeTT 26e kH, ~>TeTT 12e kH |sT>T<\ <>sZ < > sZ 60 X+ y{ _(u, sc,
#sT +~. us< X n+srjT dsT \ es + yTT+ usY, #H, <D|) <X\< e&+ >eT+#*.

us< X dsT \ es +

$eq |_ wH

66

us ] ds

||+# dsT m>TeTT <X\ yTT+ y{

2000 7.6 X+ +&>, 2012 e] H{ 10.1
X #]+~. _ <X L& n|< |sT>T<\
#H <. B sT y kq+ sc +&>, nq+s+
us,Y u\T HsTT. H\T>T qq+> b]XMTsD
#+~q dj ] eed\ (newly industrialized Asian
economies (NIAEs) ) y{ 1 X + bsTT+T
|&bsTT+~.
||+ # yD d+d( WTO) &{ |s+ 2014
yTT<{ e d+ sb jTjTH, d+>|P sY $TqV
$T> n |< q <X\ m>TeT e~s T |L\+>H
HsTT.

us<X m>TeTT\ LsT

s+>\ y |rsT
us< X m>TeTT\ LsT 2000`01 qT+&
2013`14 eT< #| <>Z esT\T #T#dT HsTT.
m>TeTT |{*jT+, eTT& #eTTsT, y{ T\
y{ dTesT <T s T, nq> 20.1 X |]>sTT.
|ws \+ 33.5 X+ d+jTT y] e~s TqT
k~+#sTT.

m>TeTT b<$T T\ y{ d\+>

|&b>, eqTbsY dsT\ y{ 15.1 X+
bsTT+T ZbsTT+~. |<q+> nyT] d+jTT
sc\T e+{ <X\ ]> m>TeTT M{ y{
Zbe&yT B eTTK sD+. nyT] ]>
m>TeTT f f , s\T us D \ y{ |&b >,
skjTH\T, y{ d++~ edTe\T, +]+>
edTe \ y{ |]+~. sb jTjTH $wjT +
ff, +]+> edTe\T, skjTH\T, y{
d++~ T\ y{ |s>> , s\T us D
\T,
T\ y{ Z+~. #H ]> m>TeTT
f f , +]+> edTe \ y{ |], skjTH\T,
y{ nqT+< T\ y{ |&b sTT+~. $<+ >
us< X m>TeTT LsTH +&, ~X L&
esT e+~.
m>TeTT s+>\ y |rsTqT |]o*d, ]
X nedsyTq(labour-intensive) s+>\ #+~q
m>TeTT\T 2013`14 $T> s+>\ b\T+f
n~ e~ k~+#sTT. f f m>TeTT\T 2013`14
14.6 X+ |]>sTT. us<X| yTT+ ff
m>TeTT <<| d>+ sb jTjTH, nyT]\
y sTT. 2013`14 s +&T es ]q f f

us< X m>TeTT dsT \ y LsT

y{ X+
2000`01
2013`14
1. b<$T T\T

16.0

15.6

d> T y] e~s T
2000-01 qT+&
2012-13
16.9

e~s T
2013-14
4.7

Source : Computed from DGCI&S data.

Note : aGrowth rate in US dollar terms

$eq |_ wH

67

us ] ds

m>TeTT\T esTd> 13.5 X+ eT]jTT 7.0 X+

e~ k~+#sTT. |sT>TTq us< X f f m>TeTT
#H y{ 2010`11 2 X+ +&>, 2012`13
5 X, 2013`14 7 X eT+> e~
#+~+~.
]X nedsy T q eTs s+>+ |]XeT.
, j s q edTe \ m>TeTT\T 2013`14
16.7 X+ e~ k~+#&+ ]+~. 2013`14 ]q
yTT+ |]XeT m>TeTT dTesT 72 X+ sb
jTjTH, nyT] d+jTT sc\ ysTT. sb
jTjTH ]q m>TeTT 15.4 X+, nyT]
d+jTT sc\ m>TeTT 27.2 X+ e~ |++~.
2013`14 ]q yTT+ m>TeTT e\+ 0.4 X+
y{ eyT * q|{, yN\ dV Vd \
T m>TeTT\T 10.9 X+ e~ k~+#sTT.

us< X ~>TeTT\T
~>TeTT\ e~ 2011`12 32.3 X+ +&>,
2012`13 y>+ > 0.3 X |&b sTT+~. #eTTss
~>TeTT\T 12.8 X+ Zbe&+ 2013`14
~>TeTT\T ` 8.3 X+ |L\ e~ qy<T
#dT HsTT. 2013`14 ] d+es d++~+q
yTT+ |< q edTe \ ~>TeT $\Te |{*jT+,
#eTTsT, +<q\T(petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL))
36.7 X+ y{ * HsTT. 2013`14 M{
~>TeTT\T d\+> 0.7 X+ |]>sTT.
us<X d++~+q eTs= |<qyTq
~>TeT edTe +>s+. B ~>TeTT\T 2011`12
1078 qT\T +&>, 2012`13 1037 qT\
|&b jsTT. 2013`14 |uT + rdTq nH #s \

us< X ~>TeTT $$< edT deTT<j\ y{%

edT deTT<jT+

I.

Vs+, nqT+< T\ T
1. D<H\T
2. ||<H\T
3. e+ qH\T

y{ X+
2000- 01
2013-14

d> T y] e~s T e~s T

2000- 01 qT+& 2013`14
2012`13
21.5
`15.9
16.0
3.8
29.1
`25.5
19.6
`16.9

3.3
0.0
0.2
2.6

3.2
0.0
0.4
2.1

31.3

36.7

21.6

0.7

5. jT+\T, jT+keT
6. $<TY jT+\T
7. syD keT

5.9
1.0
1.4

5.2
1.0
3.3

20.6
20.4
30.6

`14.5
`2.0
`12.8

8. skjTH\T
9. eTT\T, $\Tyq s\T
10. +>s+ y+&
11. m\ edTe \T

5.9
9.7
9.3
7.0

5.7
5.3
7.4
6.9

19.2
13.7
23.0
20.0

4.3
5.7
`40.1
`1.5

II

4. |{*jT+, sTT, \_+{

III.
IV.

V.

$eq |_ wH

68

us ] ds

|< q es u>keT <X\ us< X es | y{%

s+ <X+

2010-11

2011-12

|*+> 664 qT\ |&bsTT+~. $\Te |s+>

+>s+, y+& ~>TeTT\T 2013`14 40.1 X+
,Z 33.4 _*jTH &\s #ssTT. ~>TeTT eTs=
eTTKyTq n+XyT q eT\<q edTe \(Capital goods)
~>TeTT\ e~ 2013`14 `14.7 X+ qy<+ ~.

es | T
~>TeTT\T >DjT+> |&b e&+, m>TeTT\T
d\+> |s>&+ 2013`14 us<X es|
T(trade deficit) 27.8 X+ +Z ~. 2012`13
190.3 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT q es| T
2013`14 137.5 _*jTH &\s >DjT+>
| & b sTT+~. nsTTq| { , |{*j T +, # e TTs T ,
+<q\(POL) d++~+q es | T > s +&T
d+es\T> 100 _*jTH &\s #T sT>T+~.
+>s+, eT\<q edTe\ ~>TeTT\T |&be&+
2012`13 87.2 _*jTH &\sT q |zm jTs
es | T 2013`14 35 _*jTH &\s +Z ~.

es | ~X
2013`14 s nyT](9.1%), | (7.2%)
< X \ m> T eT T \T e~ # + < > , sb(4%),

$eq |_ wH

2012-13

2013-14

dj(1.7%) <X\ d\+> |]>sTT. {H

nyT](`20%), dmdt eT]jTT u* <X\(`4.7%)
m>TeTT\T |L\ e~ qy<T #dT HsTT. nyT]
d+jTT sc\ m>TeTT\T 8.3 X+ e~ #+<>,
eT+<>e Tq+ sD+> 27 <X\ sb jTjTH
]q m>TeTT\T e\+ 2.2 X+ eyT e~
qy<T #dT HsTT. jTTHf & nsu m$Ts{ ]>
m>TeTT\T `16 X+ |L\ e~ |&bjsTT.
us< X m>TeTT dTesT 50 X+ |{ dj
<X\ sT>TTHsTT. dj H(Association of South
East Asian Nations) <X\ us<X m>TeTT\T
e\+ 0.5X+ eyT |s>> , <D
dj <X\
>DjT+> |]>sTT. u {H bT H\T>T |< q
ksY(South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) <Xq l\+, +><X, Hb, bkH\
m>TeTT\T n~+> |]>sTT. #H, bH <X\
L& us< X m>TeTT\T u>H |s>& + ]+~.
#H ]> m>TeTT\T 9.5%, bH ]> m>TeTT\T
11.7% e~ k~+#sTT. b+\y> |]o*d,
<<| yTT+ <T b+\ qT+& ~>TeTT\T |&b e&+
]+~. |< q+> sb qT+& e# ~>TeTT\T `19.3
X bZ jsTT.

69

us ] ds

us<X yTT<{ 15 es u>keT <X\

2013`14 us< X es + 58 X+ yTs ]+~.
us< X yTT<{ eT&T es u>keT <X\T ` #H ,
nyT] d+jTT sc\T, jTTHf & nsu m$Ts{. yTT<{
kq+ eT&T <X\ eT< esT +{+~.
<b es Xc m>TeT ~>TeT w
*jTCdT + ~. us< X + q yTT<{ 15 es u>keT
<X\ nyT] d+jTT sc\T, jTTHf& nsu
m$Ts{, d+>|PsY, V+>+>\ 2013`14 ]
d+es < b es $T>T\TqT * +~. nyT]
d+jTT sc\ m>TeT ~>TeT w n~+>
|]+~. ds+& us< X < b es | T
2012`13 31.3 _*jTH nyT]H &\sT +&>,
+>sT ~>TeTT\T |&be&+ 2013`14 17.6
_*jTH &\s >Z&+ ]+~. us<X+ #H
n~ < b es | T * +~. nsTTq|{
2013`14 6.6 X+ yTs |&b sTT+~. dj H
n|< <Xq s +&+{ |sT>TTq b<qqT,
#H usY m>TeTT\ q &e+&qT <w
|T deT> es ePV sb+~+#e\dq
neds+ +~.

m>TeTT 3.4 X+ y{ 6e kq+, yD

de\ ~>TeT 3.0 X+ y{ 7e kq+ +~.
2008 H{ ||+# ] d+u+ us<X de\
m>TeTT\ u $| + *++~. 2008 eTT+<T
<T d+es\ de\ m>TeT e~ 35.4 X+
dmsY dsT \ m>TeT +f y>+ >, | ksTT
+~. d+u+ nq+s+ <T d+es\ de\
m>TeT e~ 8.3 X+ dsT \ m>TeT e~ 12.8
X+ +f ~>Te ksTT +~. 2012`13 de\
m>TeTT\T 145.7 _*jTH nyT]H &\s 2.4 X+
d\ e~ qy<T #XsTT. n+ eTT+<T d+es+
e~ s T 14.2 X+ +&+ >eTHs+. 2013`14
de\ m>TeT d\+> yTsT>T|&, dsT \ m>TeT
deq+> 4 X+ e~ qy<T #dT e&+ ]+~.
yTT+ de\ m>TeTT 45.8 X+ q k|tysY
m>TeTT\T 2013`14 5.4 X+ e~ k~+#>,
29.1 X+ q HH k|yt s Y m>TeTT\T 5.9 X+
e~ qy<T #dT HsTT. $T*q n |< q \T
|L\ < # d\ e~ k~+#sTT.
de\ ~> T eT T \T 2012`13 3.2 X +
d\+> |s>>, 2013`14 `2.8 X+ |L\
e~ qy<T #dT HsTT. |< q \ |L\
yD de\ es+ us<X+ ||+#+ e~ k~+#sTT.
q<q kH * +~. 2012 ||+ # yD de\

us< X de\ es +

us< X de\ m>TeT $es\T(%)

edT deTT<jT+

$eq |_ wH

y{ X+
d> T y] e~s T
2000- 01
2013-14 2002- 03 qT+&
2012`13

70

e~s T
2012`13 2013`14

us ] ds

sc\ y m>TeTT\T

eTs 11,48,605 eT+~ |s+ > JeHb~ kdTH sT.

dC\ qT+& 2012`13 ` 4,76,159 $\Tyq
m>TeTT\T s>> , 2013`14 ` 4,94,077
|], 4.0 X+ e~ qy<T #dTHsTT. 2014
e] 31 H{ dC\ eq yTT+ |T& $\Te
` 2,96,663 T. dC\ {yT{ s{ <s 100
X+ $<o | |T&T\(FDI)qT nqTeT+#&+
sT>T+~.

sc\ y m>TeTT\qT |]o*d, yTT<{ s +&T

kH q >TsY, eTVsh sc ~| +
HsTT. eT&e kq+ q $TH&T, H\T>e
kq+ q s | s +&T sc\ +f # yqT&
HsTT. 2013`14 dTesT 20 X+ m>TeT
e~s T >TsY eTVshqT s +&e kq+ yq
H{ yTT<{ kq+ e+~. $T*q sc s |<X ,
|eT u+>, &c sc\T s+&+\ e~sTqT
k~+#sTT. 55 X+ |L\ e~s T s m>TeT
y{ d> |> |&b sTT+~. dT>+< <y\ m>TeT
>DjT+> Zbe&+ s m>TeTT\T u>
||+# yD d+d( WTO) 9e $TdjT
|&b jsTT. +< |uT + Assistance to States for qsqT +&Hwj u* 2013 &d+sY 3
Developing Export Infrastructure and Allied Activi- qT+& 7e B es ]+~. d<d
T d+d> &T{z
ties (ASIDE) | < + sc \ m> T eT T \qT
|s| |+ #d+ ~. <V s+& n_e~ n+X+
bVk+~. |< |yX |{q yTT<{ d+es+ |< q n+X+> +T+< d<d T |* \T us k
2013`14 ` 745.1 T {sTT+#&+ ]+~.
#sTT. n_ e ~ # + < T T q < X \ u s < X
HjT d<dT |qsT<{++~. #s\
u s < X + q sD y K ] | < ] ++~.
2006 | e] | ] eT+&( SEZ) #+ , |+< s| rdTse&+ us< X + \
+<q \qT H{| #dq m$T~ d+es\ \+ b bw++~. CrjT |jH\ usk #
566 dC\ @sT +#q bjT y<\T e&+
]+~. +<T 388 dC\qT H{| #XsT. |dT + |* + e# $<+ > us< X + w #d+ ~. Vs u <,
184 dC\T m>TeTT\T #dTHsTT. 2014 e] 31 JeHb~ u <, |<\ d+ e d++~+q b<$ T
H{ 12,83,309 eT+~ M{ <s b~ b+<TTHsT. n+X\ us< X + @ e+ sJ|& < T .

||+# yD d+d #s\T

us<X+

| ] eT+&

$eq |_ wH

71

us ] ds

8. eekjT+ Vs sVD
us<X TTT|eH\| m H & eTT+Tq H|<+ eekjT | B |ue+,
|s ekq+> |]> Vs T\ <s \ | re +<q H\=+~. > <X \+> ]sT ksTT Vs
<H\T, qH +\ us eekjT s+>+ eT]+ <&y T + ~. B bT Vs <H\ dsD

L& |s>& + <H>s Vs <H\ \\T |< mTq |sTbjsTT. _jT+, ><T eT, b\T,
|+&T, Ls>jT\ ||+ #+H n>>$T <X us< X + L& {. nsTTq|{, ||+ #+
bw Vs |+ u<| & T Tq y] H\T>e+T eT+~ us< X + H HsT. <X+ d>+ T+u\T
eT <jT+ d> |> |{ Vs+ MT< ejT+ #dT H sT. n+<Te\q |<], bw Vs
b =\+#& b\+ qT+& +#+ es >\ $\Te >=\TdT(farm-to-fork value chain) deTs q T
|+#&+ m+ \yT q ~.

eekjT s+>+ |rsT

e~ dV>$T>, eekjT+, < nqT+<
s+>\ y{ &| 11e |+#es |D[ 15.2
X+ +&>, 2013`14 * n+#H\ |s+
13.9 X +Z ~. 2011 Hu \ |s+ yTT+
b~ |{ 54.6 X eekjTyT <s+>
+~. nsTTq| { , 2001 Hu \ H{
b\T +f 2011 Hu \ | s +
k>T<sT\(cultivators) d+K 127.3 $T*jTq(12.73
T ) qT+& 118.7 $T*j T q ( 11.87 T )
|&b sTT+~. eekjTs+>+ yde yH \T {e\
d+es\ d>Tq 7 X+ y] e~ eyT

k~dT H sTT. B eekjT+ qT+& eekjTs

b~ s T \T esTTHs >D+\T ddTH sTT.
eekjT s+>+ e] k]> 2002`03
|L\ e~ qy<T #dT+~. n+qs+ 11e
|+#es |D[ #| <>Z $<+ > 4.1 X+ d>
T
e~sTqT k~++~. 2013`14 * n+#H\
|s+ 12e |+#es |D[ yTT<{ s +&T d+es\T
(2012`13, 2013`14)\ eekjT &| esTd>
1.4% eT]jTT 4.7% e~s qT qy<T #dT +~.
B bT eekj T s + > L s T
sDyT q esT\T #T #dT +THsTT. <q
|+\T(horticulture), |XbwD, |wdt e+{ y{

eekjT s+>+: \ dN\T(2004`05 <s \ |s+%)

e. n+X+
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
1 eekjT, nqT+< s+>\ &| e~
0.8
8.6
5.0
1.4
4.7
&| eekjT+, nqT+<s + >\ y{
14.6
14.6
14.4
13.9
13.9
2 dm|t eekjT+, nqT+< s+>\ y{
7.3
6.3
7.0
7.1
`
eekjT s+> dm|t
6.7
5.8
6.5
6.5
`
3 eekjT s+> &| s+>+ dm|t y{
20.1
18.5
20.8
21.2
`
|yT s+>+ y{
16.7
15.7
18.0
18.1
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4 yTT+ m>TeTT eekjT T\ y{
8.2
8.0
10.1
11.8
11.9

$eq |_ wH

72

us ] ds

L& b<q |sT>T y$ < #T < +~.

2012`13 eekjT &| <qeq s+>+ 30.4
X+ y{ * +&>, |X bwD s+>+ yTT+ &|
4.1 X |> y{qT |+#T, >DjTyTq n_e~
~X> k>T+~.
eekjT+ sc d++~+q n+XyT q +<Tq,
eekjT , <qT |+#&+, keTs
|+b+~+#&+ , eekjT<sT\ <j\qT |+#&+
e+{$ u< sc\| +~. y{ |jT \ +<
bj |< \T, +< |uT s+> |< \T &T>
\TksTT.

k>T $ds + , , <

2013`14 ] d+es+ k>T $ds+,
>DjTyTq |> qy<+ ~. eT&e eTT+<dT
n+#H\ |s+ Vs <H\ +< k>TjT u $T
dTesT 126.2 $T*jTH Vs, qH+\ +<
k>T 28.2 $T*jTH Vs |]+~. Vs <H\T
264.4 $T*jTH qT\T >, qH +\T 32.4
$T*jTH qT\T nsTTqT n+#H yjT&+
]+~.
Vs <H\ 20 $T*jTH qT\ yTs
|+#\H \ k~+q sT y, 2006`16 H{
CrjT Vs u< $TwH(National Food Security
Mission (NFSM))n<q+> 25 $T*jTH qT\T
#j\ \+> s+#&+ ]+~. +<T 10
$T*jTH qT\ _jT+, 8 $T*jTH qT\ ><T eT\T,
4 $T*jTH qT\T || <H\T, 3 $T*jTH qT eTT
D<H\T n<q+> #j\ ssTT+#&+
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>=\Td T ( value chain )qT d w + # & + , e s {
nqTd+<q\qT @sT #jT &+ <s q, dqsT
s T \ MT< , | + \ $< q+ MT< +B ] +# & +
sT>T+~.
12e |+#es |D[ swjT w $dt
jq(Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)) +<
<T\qT e~ 35%, eT* edT\T, dT\
\q 35 X+, | |< \ 20 X+ {sTT+,
$T*q 10 X ydT\TuT ~(flexi-fund)>
+#&+ sT>TT+~.

$eq |_ wH

eekjT |<\ |<q | |<yTq

sT us< X + V] $|e +(Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India (BGREI)) |<
2013`14
` 1000 T
{sTT+#&+ ]+~. |< + neT\T
<s 2011`12 +f 2012`13 |< + neT\T #dT q
sc\ e] 7 X+ |+#&+ ]+~.
2000`01 qT+& 2013`14 eT< \+ eTT
<H\T, || <H\T, qH+\T, | k>T $ds + ,
, < \ d+jTT e~s T(compound growth
rate) +
s +&T <Xu\ +f n~+ > +&>, e],
><T eT\ $wjT + u> |&b sTT+~. qH +\T,
|| <H\T, sTT byT yTTCq\ dMT |< +
neT\T |* +> 2013`14 k>T$ds + $d] +#&+ ,
< |s>& + sD+> || <H\ 19.6
$T*jTH qT\T, qH +\ 32.4 $T*jTH
qT\T, yTT Cq 24.2 $T*jTH qT\
|]+~. e+ qH\ q &e+& 50 X
|> ~>TeTT\|H <s|& e \d ek+~. n+<Te\q
e+qH\ <ojT |+# \ + 12e |+#es
|D[ Technology Mission on Oilseeds and Oil
Palm (TMO & OP)qT |yX
|&+ ]+~.

yesD esT < |u e+

us< X yTT+ Vs <H\T, qH+\
60 X+ K|t dHH sT>TT+~. n+<T
eTq <X+ k>T j>yTq u$T |{ 35
X+ u $T eyT k>T{ ed +~. $T> 65
X+ eekjT+ esb+ MT<H <s|& k>T+~.
11e |+#es |D[ yTT+ <T d+es\
eT&T d+es\T y] esb+ n+ eTT+<T 15
d+es\ <T d+es\ Bs* d>T(long
period average (LPA)) b\T+f 95 X+ e>
+~. 1951`2000 eT< us< X sTTe\ y esbT
Bs * d>
T 89 d+.MT.\T> qy<+ ~.
us< X + yTT+ y] esb+ dTesT
75 X+ esb+ pH qT+& d|+ sY es +&
Hs T TTT|eH\ <sH sTdT+ ~. n+<Te\ Hs T
TT T | e H\ u s < X eekj > D j T +>
|u $+ #dT H sTT.
2013 Bs * d>
T 106 X+ esb+
qy<+ ~. 2014 pH 9q us yesD XK $&T<\

73

us ] ds

2013`14 |< q |+\ k>T $ds + , , <

|+
Vs <H\T2

k>T $ds+
($T*jTH Vs )
126.2
(4.47)

($T*jTH qT)
264.4
(2.88)

<
(.>/Vs)Y
2095 (-1.55)

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC).
Notes: *3rd Advance Estimates; a - Includes cereals, coarse cereals and pulses; b - million bales of 170
kgs each; Figures in brackets indicate per cent change over 2012-13.

#dq TTT|eH\ n+#H\ |s+ esb+ Bs *

d>
T 93 X+ +&e#T. 71 X+ k<sD+ +f
e esb+ qy<jT neX+ +~. 70 X+
mH d+u$ +# neX+ +~.
H|< + +< |T+ dTesT 500
D #s\T #|{+~. CrjT yesD e]&|
s#sD |D[ d++~+q m$T~ $Twq
fq CrjT dTds eekjT $TwH(National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)) eqsT\
HjT<yTq $j>+| +B]++~. es<s
b+ s T \ <j\ |+|<\ d+ |yX |{q
es< s b+ n_e~ se(Rain-fed Area Development Programme (RADP)) 2012`13 22
sc neT\T #jT&+ ]+~. 12e |+#es
|D[ B eT]+ n_e~ #jT &+ ]+~.
M{ bT usrjT eekjT |]X<H
eT+& * ( Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR)) +< CrjT yesD e]& TH
eekjT( National Initiative on Climate Resilient

$eq |_ wH

Agriculture (NICRA))

se neT\T #k+~. msY

ddy T dH sHZ C w H ( Earth System Science Organization (ESSO)) 600 \ 12 uw eekjT

yesD n& \qT C #d+ ~. M{ 4.8 $T*jTq
eT+~ s T \ n+<Cj
T &+ ]+~. n& de\qT
u ksTT >MTD d eTd+ de <s neT\T
#jT &+ sT>T+~.

m H TTT|eH\T
|d| eTVdeTT<+| s+sjT+> |\T
ek\ bT |]\ c>\T d>T ksTT +f
me> q|&T m H |u e+ d+u$ dT+ ~. ~
||+ #+ nH b+\| <Twue+ #|T+~.
d>Tq ~ | 3 qT+& 5 d+es\ k]
d+u$dT+~. s#T> pH ` >dT ek\ eT<
s | <\& + y T T< 9 qT+& 12 H \ \ es
=qk> T T +~. u s < X + B | u e+ H s T
TTT|eH\ \+ >dT ed+ |&TT+~.
us< X + n~ X+ sT e d+es\T m H

74

us ] ds

d+u$ +q|& se& >eT+#e#T. >& q 10 m

H d+es\ sT d+es\ 10 X+ <
n++ f me T esb+ qy<T e&+ ]+~.
1997 m H |ue+ n+ re+> q~
u$+#>, d+es+ us< X + k<sD+ +f
2 X+ me esb+ qy<+ ~.
>& q <X+ 2002, 2004, 2006 eT]jTT
2009 m H d+u$++~. nsTT 2002`03
d+es+ eyT k<sD+ +f 20 X+ e
esb+ qy<, us eekjT s+>+ |L\ e~
#$ #d+~. 40 d+es\ sTy 2009`10
yTTyTT<{ k]> k<sD+ +f 23 X+ e
esb+ qy<, n+ reyTq sT e @s&+~.
>& q H\T>T m H d+u$ +q d+es\
K|,t s; dq eekjT eq &\qT
b\Tq|&T, m H |u e+ K|t dHH n~+ >
qT \y T + ~.
us yesD XK #+~q mf+&& s +C
bsYdt ddy T n+~+q n+#H\ |s+ eT< , <D
,
yjTe us<X\ es<s b+\ n\
esb+ d+u$ +# neX+ +~. B |u e+ e],
kj;H, |, yTTCq, Cq, ysT Xq>, #s |+\|
me> |&q T+~. <D
B|\ +, eT< us< X +
T esb+ +T+< <e <D
dj yesD
|]o\q bsyT (South Asian Climate Outlook Forum
(SASCOF-5)) d<d
T n+#H yd+ ~.

$j>+ dTesT 50 X+ es +{+~. eTq

nedsy T q jT]j 80 X+ <ojT+>H
#dTe&+ sT>T+~. nsTT, b{wjT+, bd{
ms T e\ ned s \ ~> T eT T \| |< m T q
<s|& e \d ek+~. 2013`14 de]+q n+#H\
|s+ msTe d_& ` 67,971 T> >D+#&+
]+~. ~ 2009`10 d+es+ +f 11 X+ me
e& + $X w + . ms T e d _ & | ] eD+
|sT>TTq|{, &| X+> |]o*+q|&T 2010
qT+& >T Z +~.

j+rsD k+ |]Cq+

eekjT s+> e~ d++~+q |<q

#<\ jT+rsD
L& {. eekjT $<TY
\u, d>T Vs <H\ ~>T& eT< |
d + +< + +~. \ d ] y] $< T # \u
2008`09 112.7 y{|s Y nesY(KWH) +&>,
2011`1 142.4 &TV#Y |]+~. us< X +
eekjT n>kq+ q <X\ {>
+~. nsTT, eekjT+ 90 X+ j+rsD
]q
n_e~ #+~q <X\ b\T+f, e\+ 25 X+
eyT j+rsD
]q us< X + y{ +f m+
yqT& +~. us eekjT |]X<q eT+&*(ICAR)
|s+ yTsT>q j+rsD |<T\ neT\T e\q
d + e s ` 80,000 ] | j q+
\T>TT+~. ~ yTT+ keTs+ q u>+
eyT . B |* +> >MTD jTTe , #eT\ y]
jT+\ , sVD b~ <=sTT+~.
eekjT X$T X s+s+ >DjT+> bZ Tq
|+ < $H \ HD |u e+ 20 H|<+ <qT, u<jTqT \u{\+f
#jT e\d
qT+& 25 X+ es +T+~. <X+ yTT+ MT< eekjT s+> |< mTq j+rsD
+T+~.
HDy T q $ H \qT 30 X + es e y T
$j+#&+ sT>T+~. 2012`13 315.18 \\
+{ $H \T neds+ >, 328.58 \\ +{
1. _qyTq H\\T, ysD eT+&\ n~
HDyTq $H\qT n+<TuT +#&+ ]+~. y$ < + L&Tq eekjT+.
$H_e~ 100 X+ $<o | |T&T\qT
2. |]$T eqsT\ L&q q eT\T #
nqTeTd $H _e~| qq $<H(New Policy
m

e>
+&+.
on Seed Development (NPSD)) de]+#&+
]+~.
n+<Te\q 12e |+#es |D[ eekjT
j+rsD| XjT+ L&q du$TwHqT
msTe\ y&+ |sT>T<\ eekjT < @sT #jT&+ ]+~. q, dqsT sT\,
yTsT>T<\ >DjTyTq b bwk+~. q eekjT $<TY \u e> q b+\
qT y| #jT &yT $TwH |< q \ +.
|<q+> * +& jT]j yTT+ msTe\ j+rsD

$H\T

msTe\T

$eq |_ wH

75

us ] ds

k>T{ bsT<\
eekj sT n+ eTTKyTq <q+.
|dT + yTT+ |+\ k>T $ds + 45 X+ <
63 $T*jTH Vs eyT k>T{bsT<\ ks +
+~. d s k>T{ |j q seT+(Accelerated
Irrigation Benef it Programme (AIBP)) +< 2013
&d+sY 31 H{ ` 64,228 +< sTD dV s+
n+~+#&+ ]+~. 2012 e] H{ sc\T m_|
+< u, eT< , q sV k>T{ bC \ <s
8054.61 y\ Vs k>T{bsT<\ keTs+
\T>CjT&+ ]+~. rice bowl of India> |d~
>+q |+Cu ` VsH b++ nqTd]dTq k>T
|<T\ sD+> \ |{(water table) |e<s
ksTT |&b sTT+~. Bs \+ ~ # qw< jT+
L&. H|< + |+Cu, VsH eT]jTT |eT
s |<X b+\ ~>T&T\T d+ _+be&+, u >s
\eqsT\ n~ $j>+ e+{ deTd\ |]cs+
d+ k+ |]C bV+#&+, sT\qT
|ejT |+\qT m+#TH$<+> |s|+#&+
\ +> |+\ e]& se(Crop Diversif ication
programme ) 2013`14 & { ` 500 T
{sTT+#&+ ]+~.

eekjT |s|
eekjT , < q T yTsT|s# & + , s T \
<Tsed\qT |X$T+#&+ eekjT |s| (Agricultural credit) eTTKyTq
<+ > | #dT + ~.
eekjT |s| |yV yTsT|s#&+, eekjT
sTD\| e&s TqT +< e&+ d+ 2013`14 ]
d+es eekjT |s| +< `7,00,000 T
\ +> s +# > , s T \ ` 7,30,765 T
n+<Cj
T &+ ]+~. 2012`13 ` 6,07,375 T
eekjT sTD\ +< n+<Cj
T &+ ]+~. s T \T 7
X+ e& ` 3,00,000 es |+ sTD\T b+<e#T.
d\+ sTD\T #*+ q y] d+es 4 X+
e& e y T | & T T +~. H w j T T y s Y V dt
]d|t (negotiable warehouse receipts (NWRs)) <s
s T \ |+ nq+s sTD\T L& e&+ sT>T+~.

eekjT ;e
eekjT+ nbjT sVD, |Xq #s
u>+> |\T s\ |+ ;e |< \qT neT\T #jT &+

$eq |_ wH

sT>T+~. CrjT eekjT ;e |<+(National

Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS)) kq+ 2013
qe+sY 1 qT+& |yX|&q CrjT |+ ;e
seT+( National Crop Insurance Programme
(NCIP)) eT&T n+X\qT * +~. 1. <T ]+q
CrjT eekjT ;e |< + (Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS)), 2. yesD
<] |+ ;e |< + (Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS)), 3. =] \ ;e
|<+(Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme (CPIS)).
CrjT |+ ;e |< 2013`14 s; dH qT+&
|P] ksTT neT\T #jT &+ sT>T+~. +<T |< q
|+\ >eT |+#jTr < eq jT{qT
;e jT{> |]>Dk sT . k $|T \ T, e&> ,
u b\T e+{$ d+u$ +q|&T s T |j q+
#L s $<+ > e> b\+ ksTT eT~+| #ksT .
eekjT ;e +|(Agriculture Insurance
Company (AIC)) |\T <T]+q CrjT
eekjT ;e |< + , yesD <] |+\ ;e
|< \qT neT\T #k+~.

eekjT T\ <s \ $<q+

|< q eekjT T\ d++~+q |uT
<s\ $<q+ + \\qT * +T+~. 1.
<sT\ y] >Z $<+ > TuT <s \ T
e# #&+, n~ |T&T\T |f$ <+ >, n~
k~+# bV+#&+. 2. $j><sT\
VT<yTq <s\ dsT\T n+<$<+> #d, y]
|j H\qT b&+.
+<Td+ eekjT ej\T eT]jTT <s\
$TwH( Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
(CACP) ) ]wyTq ] b|~q d eT<T
<s\(minimum support prices (MSP))qT dbsdT
#dT + ~. B <s+> | dH eTT+<T +< |uT +
sh |uT \T, d++~ eT+ XK\ n_bj\qT
|]>Dq rdT, #s dV 24 |< q eekjT
dsT\ d eT<T <s\qT |{dT+~. > =~
d+es\T> | + || <H\T, qH +\T,
| d eT< T <s \ qT >DjT+> |+#&+ ]+~.
#s eT< T <s q T eds edTe \ #+ 1955 +<
C # j T & q # s (j T + D ) < X + 1966
+<q \ nqT>TD+> ss TTksT .

76

us ] ds

= |< q |+\ d eT< T <s \ T(+{ `\)

|+\T

2013-14

2009-10

esT X+

Source : Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

eq |+\ dMT n_e~ $TwH(Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)) +<
|+&T, Ls>jT\T qT+& $q jT\T, dT>+< rdTse&+ ]+~.
<y\T, Ww< yTT\T, |P\T, |+\T yTT<\>Tq$
n <q |+\ s+>+ +< eksTT. $ <jT
\q nH neX\qT *dTH sTT. ||+ # y|+ >
XeT, |]XeT
us< X + |+&T, Ls>jT\ s +&e n|< b&|]
<X+ > +~. e$T&, ns{, =] jT\T, J&|| ,
b\ us< X + yTT<{ kq+ +~.
ubsTT, <eT jT\ n|< <X+> yTT+ ||+ # b\ us< X + 17 X+ y{
ne]++~. dT>+< <y\ eT]jTT m>TeT * +~. 2012`13 b\ 132.43 $T*jTH
yTT<{ kq+ +~. <q |+\ 265 qT\ >]w ksTT #sT +~. $<+ > 70 $T*jTq
$T*jTH qT\T> n+#H yjT &+ ]+~. yTTyT T<{ >MTD T+u\ eTTKyTq s +&e <jT eqsT>
k]> 2012`13 <q |+\ Vs <H\T e]+~. b&|]XeT bZ+Tq X$TX 70
eT]jTT qH +\ n~>$ T++~. 2008`09 X+ eT+~ eTV HsT. ||+ # y|+ > b\
qT+& 2012`13 eT< <q |+\ < 8.6 e~sT d+es 2.2 X+ +T+&>,
X+ |s>& y T +<T sD+.
u s < X d > T y] e~ s T 4.04 X +
12e | + # e s | D [ Crj T <q qy<e+~. <s |sT>TTq Hu nqT>TD+>
$TwH( National Horticulture Mission [NHM]), Xq b\, b\ T\ \u \&> n_e~ #+<T+~.
eT]jTT Ve\j\ <q $TwH( Horticulture Misb\ , < qT \&q |<
sion for North East and Himalayas [HMNEH]), CrjT |+#\H \ + H w q uy H ;& + > &
<q d+d( National Horticulture Board [NHB]), =] &e\|tyT +{ b>+(National Programme on Bovine
n_e~ d+d(Coconut Development Board [CDB]), Breeding and Dairy Development) nH deT>
+BjT <q d+d, CrjT y<T sT $TwH( National se $w]+#&+ ]+~. b& |Xe\
Bamboo Mission [NBM]) yTT<\>T y{+{ <q <
q T |+#&+ , b\ dsD
>eT ksTT eT*

<q |+\T

|X bwD, b&|] XeT, |w \T

$eq |_ wH

77

us ] ds

edT \qT |+ #jT &+, $d] +#&+ , b& |]XeT

s+>+ b& <sT\ es{+> neX\T
|+b+~+# & + \ +> 2012 e] Crj T
b&|] XeT |D[(National Dairy Plan) yTT<{ <Xq T
$w]+#&+ ]+~. 2000 62 $T*jTqT q b&
|X e\ d+K 2012 H{ 83.15 $T*jTq |]+~.
<s <X b& |X d+|< yTsT>T|&+ ~.
yD|syTq |]XeT dVjT|&
$<H\| +B]+#&+ bT, JeHb~ deTd\qT
|]w]+# T+ |]XeT eedqT |+
#jT &+| <w |{*q neds |uT + >T]++~.
2013 >T& 69.73 _*jTq >, & e+d+
2.68 $T*jTH qT\ #sT +~.

|w\T

||+ # d>
T +f me e&+ $Xw+ . d+es
\d] & >T& \u 55 |]+~. 2001`12
sE 114 >eTT\T> q |+& \u 2011`12
172 >eTT\ #]+~. n> Ls>jT\ \u L&
236 >eTT\ qT+& 350 >eTT\ |]+~.

eekjT m>TeTT\T
{e\ \+ _jT+, yTTCq, |, e+d+,
>sT &T >TsT, | e+{ T\T k+|<jT
eekjT m>TeTT\qT n~>$T+#sTT. 2012`13
b\T+f 2013`14 eekjT m>TeTT\T 5.1
X |] 37,292 $T*jTH nyT]H &\s
#sT HsTT. n+<T deTT< T\ m>TeTT 44.8
X + y T s |s > & + ]+~. 2011 _j T +
m>TeTT\ nqTeT+q sT y yTT+ eekjT
T\ m>TeTT _jT+ y{ >DjT+> |]+~.
2010`11 M{ $\Te 2575 $T*jTH nyT]H &\sT
+&>, 2013`14 7742 $T*jTH nyT]H &\s
|]>sTT. b\T, b T\T, e+d+, deTT<
T\T 2008`09 qT+& 2013`14 eT< yTT+
eekjT T\ m>TeTT eT y{qT s{+|
#dTHsTT.

eTs+>+ eTTKyTq JeHb~ eqs

+&, #|\ T b{qT n+~+# eT+ Vs+ L&.
<X y|+ > 14.4 $T*jTq eTsT\T HsT. ||+ #
eT 5.4 X+ y{ us<X+ s+&e
kq+ +~. \sY <s #|\ us< X +
n>kq+ +~. 2013`14 us<X+ 9.45
$T*jTH qT\ #|\T >, n+<T 6.10
$T*jTH qT\T H+& s+>+ qT+& 3.35 $T*jTH
qT\T deTT<+ qT+& se&+ ]+~. |w dt s+>+
&| 1 X+ y{qT, eekjT &| 4.6 X+
n+<TuT <s HDyTq Vs >T
y{qT k~++~.
|]DeT+ n+~+#&+ <s Vs, bw Vs u <
usk *+#&yT \+> CrjT Vs u<
#{(National Food Security Act(NFSA)) 2013
<, ns{, s|+&\+, \ Xq>\T, ubsTT d|+ sY 10q H{| #jT &+ ]+~. #+ 75
Hu Vs
< us< X + ||+ #+H yTT<{ kq+ X+ >MTD Hu, 50 X+ |D
u

<

*
d
T
+

~.
b<

T+u\
_jT+
+~. m |jT \T ]q|{, us< X eekjT
< ksTT\T ||+ # |eD\ +f # ~>Te `3\T, ><T eT\T ` 2\T, s eTT <H\T
` 1 #=|q #+
+< = e H\ 5 \
ksTTH HsTT.
Vs <H\T b+< V \_dT + ~. n+<jT nq
jq T+u\ H\ 35 \ Vs <H\T
n+~ksT . #+ +< sc\T/+< b* b+\T
Vs <H\ \u 2013 n+ + 2014 p H{ \_<sTq T+u\qT >T]+#*
d+es+ +f 15 X+ |sT>T<\qT #|d 229.1 +~. |{ 11 sc\T B |P] #XsTT. #+
$T*jTH qT\ |]+~. 2012 d+es 164.3 eTV\T, |\\ bw Vs+| | X< #|T+~.
>eTT\T> q Vs <H\ \d] s \u >]D d\ >s + deTjT+, u*+\ qT sT y
2013 186.4 .>\ |]+~. e+ qH\ s 6 H\\ es ` 6000 e +& |d
\u 12.7 .>\ qT+& 15.8 .>\ |]+~. sE | j q+ * +# & + s T > T T +~. | \ \ 14
y \d] b\ \u 295 >eTT\ #]+~. ~ d+es\ ejTdT e# es bw Vs n+~+#&+

CrjT Vs u < #+

< ksTT\T

s \u \d] \u

$eq |_ wH

78

us ] ds

< s]+q bw |eD\ yTs swH

n+~+#&+ sT>TT+~. #+ |s=q $<+ > Vs
<H\T < Vs+ n+~e |+ Vs u <
n\yqT n+~+#&+ sT>TT+~. , sh ksTT
deTd\ |]cs+ d+ | jT++> @sT
#d +<q\T L& #+ b+<T|s#&sTT.
bs<s , yT<H us k d #+
| +<q \T #jT &+ ]+~. \ |C |+|D
eed d+dsD\ d+ +<, sh |uT\T
#|e\dq #s\qT L& #+ * +~. Vs
<H\qT HsT > {|& m dt W{ n+<Cj
T &+, |< +
neT\T d e #s k+ | ] C H
|j+#Te&+, dsT\ |+|D qT>TD+>
y$ < b{+#&+ +<T d+q = d+dsD\T.
#+ +<q \ |s+ \ |C |+|D eed,
s |< \ neT\T 614.3 \\ qT\ Vs <H\T
nedseTesTT. 2008`09 qT+& 2012`13 eT<

$eq |_ wH

d>Tq d+es 617.8 \\ qT\ _jT+,

><T eT\qT d]+#&+ ]+~. ~ d>
T y]
33.2 X + +T+~. # + neT\T
2014`15 Vs d_& dTesT ` 1,31,066 T
neT+< n+#H yjT &+ ]+~.

Vs d_&
|< y] d_& L&q Vs <H\qT
n+~+#&+ <s d bw Vs+ n+< #&+,
$$< sc\ <s \ ds *+#&+ d+ +<
|uT + Vs d_& k+~. ] ej eT]jTT
+< C <s eT< >\ ek $j><sT
d_& n+{sT. d_& +<+ us Vs
d+d(FCI) ] #*dT+~. > =~ d+es\T>
Vs d_& >DjT+> |sT>T+~. 2013`14
de]+q n+#H\ |s+ Vs d_& $\Te ` 92,000
T.

79

us ] ds

2013`14 eTTKyTq |+\ yTT<{ eT&T sc\ $es\T

|+\T/
|+\ deTT<j\T
1. Vs <H\T
_jT+
><TeT
yTTCq
yTT+ eTT< H\T
yTT+ || <H\T
yTT+ Vs <H\T

sc\T
|eT u+>
s |<X
+< |<X
s|<X
|+Cu
VsH
s
+< |<X
eTVsh
skH
s
eTVsh
eT< |<X
s |<X
skH
s |<X
|+Cu
eT< |<X

($T*jTH qT)

us< X
y{ X+

d+
X+ y{

15.20
14.71
13.48
29.50
16.01
11.73
4.66
4.00
3.10
6.69
6.55
5.84
5.28
2.99
2.46
50.26
27.62
24.18

14.32
13.85
12.69
30.85
16.74
12.27
20.02
17.19
13.32
16.06
15.73
14.02
26.71
15.10
12.42
19.09
10.49
9.19

14.32
28.17
40.86
30.85
47.59
59.86
20.02
37.21
50.53
16.06
31.79
45.81
26.71
41.82
54.23
19.09
29.58
38.78

2. qH +\T

3. s yD |+\T

Source : Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

$eq |_ wH

80

us ] ds

9. |]X e T\ s+>+
|]XeT\ s+>+ j , yT +>, $<T# , sD s+>\T +{sTT. 2008`09 d+u+ nq+s+
|]XeT\ s+>+ #| <>Z $<+ > \T, eT&T d+es\ bT \&> e~ k~++~. sT y
d|j
TY eT]jTT &e+&\T s +&T y| \ qT+& eq nes<\ y> sTT+~. esTd> 2013`14
] d+es+ L& b]X$T s+>+ +$Vq+> e]+~. 2012`13 e\+ 1.0 X+ e~
k~+#>, 2013`14 n++ f e> 0.4 X+ e~ eyT qy<T #dT sX|] ++~.
n+<Te\ |]XeT\ s+>+ \Te& dTBs \+ |&T T+<q&+ d+<V + <T . >+ k~+q
>]w e~s TqT n+<Te& \yTq #s \T rdTe\dq neds+ m+H +~. 12e |+#es |D[
eqTb]+> s+>+ 10 X+, yT+> s+>+ 5.7 X+ e~ k~+#\ \+> s+#&+
]+~. nsTT |D[ \+ eTTjT& + eT&T d+es q H|< + \\T uj
+<q
*+#&+ dV +.
|]XeT\ s+> |rsT| s+>\ y> $Xw d,
yT +> sb\T +#Tbe&+, eqTb]+>
s+>+ y>+ s>eTq+ |& + |< q sD\T>
|dT H sTT. 2013`14 eqTb]+> s+>+ &|
0.7 X, yT +> s+>+ &| 1.4 X >&Z +
]+~. 2011`12 eT]jTT 2012`13 |yT
s=sT s+>+ s +&T s+> |T&T\qT +Z #&+
+<T >\ sD+> |k+~. |]XeT\ &|
eqTb]+> s+>+ dTesT 60 X+ y{ *
+T+~. eqTb]+> s+>+ eT+> qy~
eqTb]+> s+>+ y{ |sT>T, nqy~ s+>+
y{ >T Z +~. &| qy~ eqTb]+> s+>+
2004`05 9.8 X+ +&>, 2012`13 H{ 11.2
X |]+~. < d e Tj T + nqy ~
eqTb]+> y{ 5.4 X+ qT+& 4.5 X
|&bsTT+~.
sD s+> sb\T eT+<+#&+ sD+>
2013`14 d\ T $j>+ e\+ 0.6 X+, dyT +T
$j>+ 3.0 X+ eyT |]>sTT. 2001`02
sT y yTTyT T<{k ]> & $j>+ 0.3 X+
+Z ~. f f , m\ keT, $<TY s+>\T
<&yTq e~ k~+#&+ 2013`14 kqTL\
n+X\T> *#sTT.

$eq |_ wH

b]X$T dN <s+>
s+>\ y |rsT
yT +> s+>+
yT+> s+>+ 2013`14 esTd>
eT&e d+es+ L& +#TbsTT, 0.6 X+
|q yT+ ~. <X+ K jTT yTT+ $\Te
u>TZ, *>{, eTT& |{*jT+, eTT& qTeTT, dV
yjTTe dTesT 92 X+ +{sTT. <X+ yTT+
yT+> s+>+ u>TZ dTesT 41 X+ +T+~.
d+k> sD\ sD+> u>TZ , sT <X\
sD+> eTT& qTeTT , `6 udH
|&be&+ e\q dV yjTTe >DjT+>
|&b jsTT. nsTT, $<T# 2012`13 4.0
X+ e~ qy<T #dT>, \ $<TY
>DjT+> |s>& + sD+> 2013`14 6.1 X+
e~s TqT k~++~.

eqTb]+>
|]XeT\ &| eqTb]+> s+>+ dTesT
60 X+ y{ * +T+~. eqTb]+> s+>+
eT\< q ed T e \( capital goods) $u > + #
\Vq+> qT b]X$T d y\& + +~.

81

us ] ds

eT\ <q edTe\T d 2012`13 6.0 X

|&b>, 2013`14 eT]+ ~>C] 3.6 X
+#TbsTT+~. 2013`14 eT]jT yVH\
16 X+ |q yT+ ~. e\+ m\ jT+\
s+>+ f 2013`14 14.5 X+ e~ qy<T
#dT+~. us<X+ eT\<q edTe\ |rsT
|\e+> q|{, ||+#y|+> <&+> e~
#+<T+~. ||+ #+ {e\ y>+ > e~ #+<TTq
<T eqTb]+> s+>\T:
1. u d y T , 2. s & j , { $ eT]j T T
eTwq keT, 3. |d t n+{+> +|P{+>
jT+\T, 4. m\ jT+\T, k<H \T, 5. syD.
] eT+<>e Tq+, sbsTT $\Te sT >T<\
sD+> 2012`13 eT]jTT 2013`14 ] d+es
eT\<q edTe \T ~>TeT d +> |&b sTT+~. >
s +&T d+es\T> jT++>+, m\ jT++>+,
s y D ed T e \T, m\ ed T e \ ~> T eT T \T
|&b jsTT. 2012`13 eT\<q edTe \ ~>TeT
3.4 X |&b >, 2013`14 14.7 X+ +Z ~.

m$T~ \ s+>\ |rsT

Be\ ss dT\T |sTbT+&+ u++>

s+>+| b + > |u e+ |&T +~.

s+>\ y> b]X$T e~

d , q, eT< sV |]XeT\ s+>+
eqTb]+> |]XeT\ 31.8 X+ d ,
q, eT< sV |]XeT\T(micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME)) +{sTT. de\ |]XeT
68.2 X+ +{sTT. M{ dTesT 55.3 X+
|]XeT\T >MTD b+H +{sTT. 2010`11
d+es+ es s+>+ d+es 11 X
|> dTds e~ q]+~. 2011`12 19 X+,
2012`13 dTesT 14 X+ e~s TqT k~++~.
12e |+#es |D[ s+> d++~+q
sT \ <D\qT |]>Dq rdT+~. n$: 1.
|HH |s|, 2. k+ |]Cq+, 3. eT*
edT \T, 4. es{+> bLsYyT +{, 5. H| D_e~
D
, 6. d+k> sD+.
U~ eT]jTT >MTD |]XeT\T, =] |#T (coir)
s+> | +> |]>Dq rdTe&+ ]+~.
d, q, eT< sV |]XeT\ s+>
bV+# eT+ nH |<\qT neT\T #jT&+
sT>T+~. n+<T |< qyTq se\T $<+ >
HsTT. 1. f\J d+sY ddy T b>+, 2. +&j
HL y HywH |+ &, 3. &{ *+ | d_&,
4. &{ >s+{ dyT, 5. m+mdt d s Y &e\|tyT +{
b>+, 6. |< q eT+ b~ \q seT+, 7.
m+mmdt |]XeT\ eT&T d+es\ bT |H s
|j H\qT $d] +# |< + .

u>T,Z msTe\T, $<T# , eTT& #eTTsT, dV

yjTTe, ]|q T\ T, , dyT +T |]XeT\qT
\(core) |]XeT\T n+{sT. $ k<sD ]
s b\ MT< H +&, s b]X$T
sb\| L& |u e+ #|sTT. n+<Te\ M{
b]X$T d(IIP) d#H H\y dN
rdTse&+ sT>T+~.
m$T~ \ | ] X e T\ d > T e~ s T
2011`12 5.0 X+ +&>, 2012`13 6.5
X |]+~. nsTT m$T~ \ |]XeT\
+< |uT s+> |]XeT\T
d 2013`14 e\+ 2.7 X+ eyT |]+~.
dV yjTTe |]XeT d `13.0 X+, eTT& #eTTsT
n_e~ \\ k<q u>+> |uT s+>
`0.2 X+ |L\ e~ qy<T #dT >, u>TZ s+>+ | ] X e T\ <s b]X$T n_ e ~ s+
0.7 X+, msTe\T 1.5 X+, ]|q T\ T 1.7 #]+> \ b bw++~. |y
T s+>
X+ n\ e~ k~+#sTT.
dVd<yTq @ke\T d{e. n++&,
ke < n_e~ \\ d+, &{ \\
s=s{ s+>+
nedsy T q <T \ d+, CrjT ] u < d+ |uT
] eed eT+<>eTq+ =qk+| |ue+ jeq+ m+ neds+ . us< X ] eed e~
s=s{ s+>+ |rsTqT L& |u$+ #d+~. +< |uT s+> |]XeT\T(central public-sector
s=s{ sTD ksTT\T |]bT+&+ sq\T, enterprises (CPSEs)) >DjTyTq b bwdT H sTT.
u+ | e& |], sTD es J wT\ qT |+#T+~. 2013 e] 31 H{ $$< eT+ XK\T, |uT

$eq |_ wH

82

us ] ds

XK\ b\H jT+D +< 277 +< |uT s+>

|]XeT\T HsTT. +<T 229 sVD +&>,
48 sD+ HsTT. 2013 e] 31 H{ yTT+
+< |uT s+> |]XeT |H jT |T&(|sTT&
n|t | G Bs * sTD\T) yTT+ ` 8,50,599
T> *+~. 2011`12 b*d ~ 16.6 X+
|]+~.
u q 149 +< |uT s+> |]XeT\
s u+ 2012`13 ` 1,43,559 T >, qc
q 79 +< |uT s+> |]XeT\ s qw+ ` 28,260
T> *+~. +< |uT s+> |]XeT u+
>, qw+ > k~+# +& +~.
#eTTsT dVyjTTe\ d+d(Oil and Natural
Gas Corporation Ltd ), Crj T < s $< T Y
d+d( National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd), us
msTe\ d+d( Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd),
+&j *$Tf&( Coal India Ltd), usY VM m\
*$Tf&( Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd)\T 2012`13
n~ u\T k~+q yTT<{ <T d+d\ T> *#sTT.
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Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS)) +< 2014 e]
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H{ +< |uT + s+> ` 2,50,000

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2001 27.3 X+ bsTT+T +&>, 2012 H{ * +~. nsTD# |<X 29.9 X+, d+
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us< X de\ m>TeTT\T

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X |]+~. 2009 $TqV 1996 qT+& 2012
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de\ s+>+ b~
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H{ 48.9 X |&b sTT+~. |]XeT\ s+>+ y{
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19.7 X+ qT+& 26.8 X |s>& + ]+~.

y{qT * +&, 260 $T*jTq <>\T *++~.

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|s+ 2012 us< X + |s s+>+ <X &|
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0.63 X |]+~. <ojT |s s+>+ L&
1.1 _*j T H y] | s \ d + K n+# H qT
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w| +> us ] eed eTTKb bwk+~.
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bs+_++~. 2006 Xq sc\T, eT osY,
n+&eH usY Be\T, \B e\T $TqV <Xe T+
se $d]+#&+ ]+~. se
bV+#+<T +< |uT + 2012 qe+sY 22q
<X y|+> 5 X+ <H *|q |{\TqT <X
y|+ > | d]> neT\T #j *+~> <++~.
sTT es{+> +|\T se H{| #dq
20 sc\T, 4 +< b* b+ neT\T #dT H sTT.

u& MT<H

us<X+ u>TZ &e+&, ds|s eT<

n+s+ ds+> |sT>T+~. 11e |+#es |D[
eTTd H{ n+s+ 11 $T*jTH qT\T +&>,
|dT + 145 qT+& 150 $T*jTH qT\ |]+~.
2016`17 H{ u>TZ &e+& d+es 980.7
$T*jTH qT\, 2021`22 H{ 1373 $T*jTH
qT\ |sT>TT+< 12e |+#es |D[ d+
u>TZ, *>{\| @sT #dq e]+> >| y~
y\& + +~. us< X + u>TqZ T 60 X+ <s $<TY
d+, 7 X+ qTeTT , 5 X+
dyT+T s+>+ |j+#&+ sT>T+~.
M{ bT T\T, ds$T e+{ nd+|T { s+>+
L& u>TqZ T |j dTH sT. 12e |+#es |D[
yTT<{ s+&T d+esq 2012`13, 2013`14
<ojT u>TZ 556 $T*jTH qT\T, 566 $T*jTH
qT\T eyT ]+~. s +&T d+es\ <ojT
&e+& 715 qT+& 720 $T*jTH qT\ es +~.
<X+ u>TZ ds|s, &e+& eT< q
n+s |P&+<T 2012`13 146 $T*jTH qT\

||+#+ H\T> n|< u>TZ \\T q

<X+> us<X+ |d~+~. u& MT<H(coal
bed methane (CBM)) d+ |\T # y
& + , e\T
s|& + L& ]+~. d_m+ $<q+ +< +< |<X ,
nk+, #rd >t & , >TsY, Cs+ &, eT< |<X , eTVsh,
&c, skH, $TH&T, |eT u+>\ 33
mbs wH u \qT {sTT+#&+ ]+~. us< X +
92 {*jTH |T q|&T>T\(trillion cubic feet (TCF))
d_m+ \\T +{jT n+#H. yD |s+ > d_m+
us< X + |&| & yde s|+ <\Tk+~.
|dT+ sE 0.45 m+m+mdtdm+&(million metric
standard cubic metre per day (MMSCMD))\ d_m+qT
y* rjT&+ sT>T+~.

]| +> keTs +
us< X ]| +> |]XeT ||+ # y|+ > |< q
b bw k + ~. u s < X + ]| q V u >
ne]k+~. ]| +> keTs + &e+&qT n~>$ T++~.

$eq |_ wH

u s < X ]| +> keTs + 1998 62

m+m+{|m (million metric tonne per annum (MMTPA))
+&>, 2014 @| 1 H{ 215.07 m+m+{|m \
#sT +~. <X+ yTT+ 22 ]|q \T HsTT. M{
17 |uT s+>+, 3 |y
T s+>+, 2 CsTT+{
y+#sY +< HsTT. 12e |+#es |D[ eTTd
H{ ]|+> keTs+ 307.37 m+m+{|m\
#sT T+< n+#H yjT &+ ]+~.

u>TZ

89

us ] ds

u>TqZ T ` 92,538 , 2013`14 169 $T*jTH u>keT+ yTT<q$ <X+ f*+ s+>+ e~
qT\ u>TqZ T ` 95,175 ~>TeT #dT e&+ eTTKb bw+#sTT.
]+~. B {, |{*jT+, #eTTsT, \_+{
f*bH H q T, f*k+<
(POL), +>s+ sTy $\Te u>TZ eT&e <X+
n|< ~>TeT dsT > esqT+~. <s us< X
2012 2013 2014
e]
31 e] 31 e] 31
s +T n+T Xw+ | e& |s>q T+~.

f* eTwqT
usrjT f*+ s+>+ > =~ d+es\T>
nqVyTq e~ k~+, ||+ #+ #H sT y
n|< f*bH H{esT *q s +&e <X+ > m~+~.
|uT + #|{ q nH d+dsD\T, ys Y d t f\J
eq $|y esT\T, |y
T s+>+ jTT #TsT q

$eq |_ wH

Source: Department of Telecommunications.

90

us ] ds

12. yesD e]& dTds _e~

eqe * V] >V yjTTe\(greenhouse gas (GHG)) <Zs\T HH{ |] b, yesD
e]& |<q sDeTeTHsTT. ||+# |\ d+eT+ d+ ||+# d>T c> |sT>T<\qT
b]X$T $|y eTT+<T ksTT\ +f 2 &^\ d*jTdt | ksTT |]$T+ #jT e\dq neds+
m+H +~. <D
dj eT]jTT | ese q eT]jTT n_e~ #+<TTq <X\ |\ dV yTq
Jeq |]d T \T, yesD e]& sD+> <Twuy\ >TsjT <Ts\ <w |T
j <X\T c> |sT>T<\ ksTT |]$T+ #jTe\dq eX @s&+~. dTds_e~ esZ+
]| s y T q \qT * +~. yesD e]&, dTds _e~ d++~+q s +&T |+<\qT neT\T
#jT e\d+~> |uT \| re e& ek+~. s +&T |+<\ d++~+q ||+ #y| #{
2015 KssT #jT e\d +~.
$_q s\ eT< deq+ k~+#&, |C
d+ e n|< b|+ <D+> es&
dTds _e~ nH~ eX+. n_e~ |s+ > >DjTyTq
|> |k+~. dV k_ n_e~ \\(millennium
development goal (MDG)) d++~+q \\
116 <X\T >T{ \\qT n+<T>, 77 <X\T
b]X< d++~+q \\qT #sTHsTT.
k+ |]Cq+ edTq esT\T, keTs+
yTsT>T<\ sD+> |\T n_e~ #+<TTq <X\
dV ||+# y|+> +<q k+<(Energy intensity) >T
Z +~. 1990 b*d 2010 dTesT 700
$T*jTq eT+~ |\T eyT <Tss <]<+
J$dTH sT. ||+ # |<] ysD \ 2010H
# s T e& + ]+~. y T s T > q { eqs T \qT
n+<TuT e&+, eT]j, jT e+{ y<T\
s\q, q>s eTT]y&\ |\ |]dT\qT
yTsT>T|s# & + , b<$ T $< qy<T, eTV\ |s>
e+{ \\qT k~+#&+ ]+~.
nsTTq| { , | s> d e q+> < T .
y& Tq yesD eed b<$ T nedsq dTs
>TsT, Vs+, X eqsT\ \u qT |u $+ #dT + <H
+<q ee TeT+~.
V] >V yjTTe\ <Zs\T |sT>TH
HsTT. |dT + #] n~ ksTT\ $T+ <Zs\T

$eq |_ wH

sT>TTHsTT. V] >V yjTTe\ <Zs\T 1970

qT+& 2000 eT< d> Tq d+es 1.3 X+ #=|q
|s>> , 2000 qT+& 2010 eT< 2.2 X+ #=|q
|]>sTT. ||+ # d>
T c>q T b]X$T $|y
eTT+<T +f 2 &^\ m>Te ksTT ~>Te +#\H
\ k~+#&+ ||+ # <X\ $|\ eTeTHsTT.
||+ #+ 4 qT+& 6 &^\ d*jTdt c> |sT>T<\
es+Z +< Xdy \ T V#]dTH sT.
H|< + dV k_ n_e~ \\ 7e~
nsTTq | s es D d T d s u s k \
#sTbe&+, V] >V yjTTe\ <Zs\T
|sT>TT+&+ e+{ y{ eTT+<T ||+ # dTds _e~,
yesD e]& nC+&\T <~|+ *bTHsTT.
H|< + ]j G 20 d<d T nq+s+ 2015
eTTj T qTq d V k_ n_ e ~ \ \ k q +
dTds_e~ \\(sustainable development goals
(SDGs)) s|\
q ||+ # <X\T dq<e TeTHsTT.
#s q&TdT+&>H, usY e+{ |\T
n_e~ #+<TTq <X\T u s q d\ +(earths carbon space) eT HjTyTq y{qT $j+#T
e&+ , yTT+ Hu b<$ T Jeq |eD\qT
n+~+#&+ #jT b THsTT. n_e~ #+<TTq
<X\ \d] X $j>+ n_e~ #+~q ]
eed\ $j>+ b\T+f dTesT 25 X+

91

us ] ds

eyT +~. B bT >MTD CHu d#y T q

+<q eqsT\T n+<TuT be&+ |<q
d e Td > +~. | { d T es T 400 $T*j T H
usrjTT\ eT $<T# <T . 800 $T*jTq
eT+~ e+#s > jedtqT $jdTH sT.

dTds_e~
| s es D n+X\T u s r j T T\ # q \T,
ke |jT m|{ qT+& n+s>+>H
+THsTT. us<X+ n|<<sTTq, _qyTq <X+.
||+ # u $ds + 2.4 XyT q|{, ||+ #+

yTT, +T CT 7 ` 8 X+ & HsTT.

||+ #+ yTT+ yTT CT s e+T CT\
us< X + \jT+> +~. ||+ #+ 12 j&e ]{
V{k{\ s +&T us< X + H HsTT. 2009
b*d 2013 H{ us< X + eT& n&e\ $ds +
23.34 #<s| MTs yTs |]+~. n&e\T,
|sesD eed\ d+sD, es\ sVD, \Tw
jT+D| nH #{\T #jT&+ ]+~. {e\H
us sh|, |< qeT+ <X y|+ > |]Xu , es\
sVD, b]X<+ d+ d# usY $TwHqT
$w]+#&+ ]+~.

dV k_e~ \\T ` usY |>

dN\T
m+& 1: <Tss <]<, * =*+#&+

$eq |_ wH

dV k_ n_e~ \ +

92

2015 H{ k~+#qTq~

us ] ds

d\ Crj<jT+, s Crj<jT+, \d] <jT+

d+es+
1
1950-51
1951-52
1952-53
1953-54
1954-55
1955-56
1956-57
1957-58
1958-59
1959-60
1960-61
1961-62
1962-63
1963-64
1964-65
1965-66
1966-67
1967-68
1968-69
1969-70
1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11(3R)
2011-12(2R)
2012-13(1R)
2013-14(PE)

|dT <s\ e<

2
9995
10561
10424
11359
10660
10851
12948
13235
14792
15517
16977
17894
19130
21874
25541
26731
30383
35718
37683
41451
44098
46930
51641
63333
74639
79327
85312
97400
104774
114653
137183
160253
178351
208412
233689
261288
291119
329449
391799
450809
524268
603451
692078
805881
942302
1105102
1288706
1434408
1653771
1831842
1969249
2147677
2321510
2601508
2949089
3364387
3920042
4561574
5270644
6070903
7167053
8314861
9272110
10344507

d\ Crj<jT+
2004`05 <s\ e<
3
278677
285558
293791
311784
324830
333542
352418
347970
374219
381864
408739
420953
429594
451446
485193
467155
472024
509965
523558
557652
585672
591703
590138
617498
625437
682355
691096
743223
784297
744772
798504
842324
864288
932051
967485
1007999
1051071
1086209
1193697
1266767
1331040
1349541
1422692
1506138
1603264
1720069
1859370
1943208
2073140
2229900
2318974
2450681
2551730
2757120
2949089
3228177
3534849
3879457
4133292
4488314
4863886
5201163
5416659
5673857

|dT <s\ e<

4
9464
9985
9840
10803
10154
10309
12362
12581
14078
14754
16169
16998
18159
20790
24301
25338
28750
33851
35685
39152
41294
43852
48216
59221
69342
73064
78505
90072
96663
104766
125761
146332
162236
190443
212713
236151
262781
296257
352948
405561
471618
538824
617940
723024
845554
992516
1158858
1287141
1490030
1645370
1762358
1918827
2075329
2329354
2629198
3000666
3501313
4076878
4705447
5411104
6406834
7434965
8255978
9171045

s Crj<jT+
2004`05 <s\ e<
5
255405
262804
271541
289931
305985
314238
332192
326992
352054
358913
385761
396844
404119
424527
456327
436650
439345
475052
486775
518434
541867
545976
542686
567937
572741
626779
631897
681442
719996
677340
727359
767481
785134
848950
878609
913143
950457
978464
1080137
1146446
1202305
1211877
1276845
1354116
1440972
1547480
1675759
1745160
1861252
2001250
2074858
2190737
2278363
2466093
2629198
2877284
3149149
3451829
3664388
3966407
4293585
4573328
4728776
4920183

\d] <jT+
|dT <s\ e<
2004`05
6
264
274
265
285
263
262
308
308
337
346
373
383
400
448
513
522
581
669
689
740
763
792
850
1021
1169
1204
1266
1421
1492
1578
1852
2115
2291
2634
2878
3128
3408
3760
4384
4934
5621
6295
7086
8106
9292
10695
12250
13352
15158
16437
17295
18450
19653
21729
24143
27131
31206
35825
40775
46249
54021
61855
67839
74380

<s\ e<
7
7114
7200
7299
7650
7927
7996
8284
7995
8422
8425
8889
8938
8901
9149
9627
9003
8876
9388
9397
9800
10016
9855
9571
9792
9658
10326
10192
10748
11111
10201
10712
11091
11089
11742
11889
12095
12328
12417
13418
13947
14330
14157
14643
15181
15835
16675
17714
18103
18934
19993
20362
21065
21575
23005
24143
26015
28067
30332
31754
33901
36202
38048
38856
39904

Source : Central Statistics Office (CSO). 1R : 1st Revised Estimates. 2R : 2nd Revised Estimates. 3R : 3rd Revised Estimates.

$eq |_ wH

93

us ] ds

2014`15 +< &{ eTTU+X\T

+< ] eT+ nsTDY C{ 2014 p 10q

2014`15 ] d+es ` 17,94,892 L&q
&{ qT |yX |{sT .
n+<T eTTU+X\T

|]b\H|sy T q #s \T

+<|<X V+<|s+ Hwq n&MT

|s Y dy T m C @sT.
ejT d+dsD\ d+ ejT sVD $TwH
( Expenditure Management Commission )
@sT.
sY d+s T > es q Tq m+b s TTy T +{
m+C\T. +<Td+ ` 100 T {sTT+|.

]| s y T q #s \T

;e s+>+ $<o | |T&T\ |]$T

26 X+ qT+& 49 X |+#sT.
2018 H{ u+ \ { s | +
`2,40,000 T #*+
|.
|uT s+> d+d | Hdty T +{ <s
2014`15 ] d+es+ ` 2,47,941 T
Hdt #jT qTHsT.
` 7060 100 ksY d{\
n_e~.
k>T{bsT<\ n_e~ d+ |< qeT+ w
d+#sTT jq |<+ +< ` 1000 T
{sTT+#sT.
>MTD b+\ dMT bC <] eT*
edT \ \q X+|k< eTTK ssH $TwH
@sT.
>MTD b+\ $<TY ds| s yTsT>T<\
BH <j b<jT >eT C jq +<
`500 T
{sTT+|.
|< qeT+ >eT d& jq ` 14,839 T
{sTT+|.

$eq |_ wH

>MTD jTTe k |]XeT\T @sT #dT H

$<+ > bV+#+<T ` 100 Start
Up Village Entrepreneurship Programme
<X+ ysYw& n_e~ ` 2142
s+# nH qq seT+.
w&\T \ |D[ ` 50,548 T, ]q
| |D[ ` 32,387 T {sTT+|.
]qT\ d+ e T+ d+ ` 100 eq +<T
DY jq.
m+b s Tdt b$& + { | + & | < +
duT \+<] H\ d+ ` 1000 |qH #*+ #
#s \T. +<Td+ ` 250 T {sTT+|.
jTes +Ly &CH, yT+ V
V_*fwH d+ CrjT ksTT d+d\ @sT,
$+>T\ & +<+ @sT.
=> 15 usTT |dt\ @sT sc\
dVs+.
<w |+ q ysT d + >T]+# usTT e+{
>TsT\ s H eTT<D.

eTV X d+ e T+

s&T syD eTV u < d+ ` 50 T.

|< |< q>s eTV u < |+|d+ `150
qq |< + .
eTV\ d+ e T de\ d+ < +q |< \
| y] ne>Vq *+, |<\ neT\T
keTs+ |+|<\ d+ ` 100 u{
#y, u{ |& y jq.

>TsT b]X< +

94

2019 H{ | T+u b]X< ks +

*+#+<T d# usY n_j H |< + .

us ] ds

s>+ T+ d+ e T+

n+<] s>+ \ k<q u>+>

Ww< de\T, &j >ddt de\T.
q& msTTyT, #H eT<dT yT&
J\ s +&T Hwq d
{ @+>(National Institutes of Ageing) @sT.
+< |<X , |eT u+>, eTVsh $<s ,
s|<X |Ps+#\ msTTyT e+{
d + d @sT. +< T d + ` 500 T
{sTT+|.
12 = |uT y< X\\T.
>MTD | \ d + +~ + k s>
deTd\| |]X<q 15 y& ss V
dsY d+sT.
ds _jH ` 28,635 T. swjT
e< $T _j H ` 4,966 T.
|+&Y eT<H yVH e\y q {#s Y f +>
b>yT ` 500 T {sTT+|.

Communication Linked Interface for Cultivating Knowledge (CLICK) |] esTe dT

seTT\ @sT, HH sT\ d+ ` 100

T.
eT< |<X jT|X HsjTD Hwq d+sY
|s Y mH @sT.
eT, >y, +< |<X , s eTs 5 {\
@sT. +<Td+ ` 500 T {sTT+|.
V e# | < X , | + Cu , ;V sY , & c ,
skH\ eTs 5 m+\ @sT.

`

500 & +&j seT+.

dT|]b\qqT bV+#+<T ` 100
qq seT+.

\, nV<u<\ yT{ bC \ d+ `100

T.

|D Hwq +&djT ]&sY n<]{

@sT ` 100 T.
u+>\sT ` eTT+usTT mH$T ]&sY
@sT |D[.
20 = +&djT ds yC> ` #H
+&dj
T ]&sY.
n\Vu< ` V*j eT< >+> q~| \ esYZ
$dt bC n_e~.
skH, >TsY, $TH&T, +<|<X,
\&U\ n yT> ksY |esY bC \ `500
T.

|D | f*$H d {,
d Y s | f*$H d {\ CrjT
b<q >\ d+d\ VA<.
Hwq d+sY |sY mH H jyTwH,
> $T+>, dw m| @sT.

$eq |_ wH

95

kH $dt |\ |qsT<s D
.
| s T H\ s> sT( soil health card).
+<Td+ ` 100 {sTT+|.
+< | < X , sk H \ eekj T $X
$<\j\T, \+>D, VsH\ <qeq
j T e]{ \ T. +< T d + ` 200 T
{sTT+|.
eekjT s+>+ 4% dTds e~ k~+#\
\ sX + .
` 500 <s
\ d sD
~.
dV s u+\T, b+rjT >MTD u+\
|H H #d+<T Bs * >MTD |s| ~
@sT.
q u+\T, s &|sjTf& u+\
nqTeT | |y T esY.
sT &u ]e {Tq @sT.
d , q, eT< sV |]XeT\ s+>+ y+#sY
| d+ ` 10,000 ~ @sT.
|H dt bsT ysY yTy]jT @sT `100
T {sTT+|.
sD &{ ` 2,29,000 T {sTT+|.

us ] ds



sD
s+>+ $<o | |T&T\ |]$T
26% qT+& 49 X |+|.
sc\ bdT \>\ <T sD ` 3000 T.
Hwq bdT yTy]jT @sT ` 50 T.

`

200 >TsY dssY e\u sTT |f

@ $>V +(Statue of unity) @sT.
` 500 Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and
Spiritual Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) |
CrjT $TwH.
H w q V]f C d { & e |t y T +{ n+&
>TyT+fwH jq(National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
(HRIDAY)) ` 200 T.

||+ # y| |s\qT ]+#+<T ||+ #

XD |s ks\ ksH< ` >jT `
ysDd T~dt ds T n_e~.
dMT >+> d+sD
$TwH qe$T >+> `
2037 T.
ysDd V+&\yT f& |d * fwH d+sY,
|t eTjT+ @sT.
| <u<, u+>\sT\ jf d s n_e~.
yTTV* Hd+{ n jf d s .Y
yesD e]& d+ Hwq m&|H |+&
@sT.

`

`

100 eTD|P sY ksY jTe]{.

$eq |_ wH

96

100 jT+> &sY b>yT.

Xq sc\ d+ nsTDY |u nH qq
{.$. #q @sT.
s K+& ` 100 Hwq d+sY |s Y
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