LESSON 01 - Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

Script Writing Guide: e-Learning Content Development for the Project for Strengthen the CLMV Capacity for
r the ASEAN-KOREA Cyber University
Intro > Overview

A : Voice and PPT Overview
B : Text-based Overview
C : Video and PPT Overview
Opening
Message
Lesson
topics
This is the first lesson of the first module Electric circuit which will equip you with an arsenal of
tools necessary to analyze an electrical circuit, especially single-phase and three -phase AC circuits.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Electrical Network and its Topology

Electrical Quantities
Circuit Elements
Kirchhoffs laws
At the completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

Learning
Goals
1. Describe an electrical network with its topology and electrical quantities

2. Analyze fundamental circuit elements: R, L, C,
3. Formulate equations of the two Kirchhoff s laws
-2-
Script Writing Guide: e-Learning Content Development for the Project for Strengthen the CLMV Capacity for the ASEAN-KOREA Cyber University
Keywords
A : Voice and PPT Overview
B : Text-based Overview
C : Video and PPT Overview
Electric charge
Definite quantity of electricity, either negative or positive

Flow of electric charge
Electric current
Electrical potential or potential difference expressed in volts

Voltage
Electric circuit
Interconnection of electrical components (electrical network)

consisting of a closed loop
Opposition to the passage of an electric current

Electrical
resistance
-3-
Lesson > Topic 1 Electrical Network and its Topology

A : Instructors video lecture
B : Instructors video and PPT
C : Text-based lecture
Objectives:
Describe an electrical network topology
-5-

1.1 Electrical Network and Circuits

Electrical network: interconnection of electrical

elements
Closed circuit
Open circuit
-6-

1.2 Representation
From conceptual to physical representation
-7-

1.3 Network
Branch: portion of a circuit with two terminals

connected to it
-8-

1.3 Network
Node: junction of two or more branches
-9-

1.3 Network
Loop: any closed connection of branches
-10-

1.3 Network
Mesh: a loop that does not contain other loops
Mesh 1
Mesh 2
-11-
Lesson > Topic 2 Electrical Quantities

Objectives:
Review the concepts of main electrical quantities:

current, voltage and power
-12-

2.1 Current
Time rate of change of charge passing through a

predetermined area
dq
i
dt
1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second
Positive direction = Direction of positive charges
-13-

2.2 Voltage
Or potential difference
Total work per unit charge for motion of charge
between 2 points
1 volt
1 joule
1 coulomb
A
uAB
-14-

2.3 Electric Power and Sign Convention

Work done per unit time

Work
Work Charge
p
ui
Time Charge Time
Calculated at a branch or element

If u, i chosen with the same direction:
p = ui > 0 receiving energy
p = ui < 0 generating energy
-15-
A
u
If u, i chosen with opposite direction:

p = ui > 0 generating energy
p = ui < 0 receiving energy
A
u
Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

Objectives:
Analyze fundamental circuit elements: R, L, C,
-16-

3.1 Sources

Ideal Voltage Sources

Constant voltage
Current determined by circuit
u(t) = -e(t)
u(t)
Ideal Current Sources

Constant current
Voltage determined by circuit
-17-
j(t)

3.2 Resistance R

Resistance to the flow of

electricity
Ohms law
Ohms ()
Conductance (s=1/ )
Extract work from electric circuit
Power and energy:
uR
u R Ri
g 1/R
p u R i Ri
t
W pdt Ri 2 dt
0
-18-

3.2 Resistance
Resistor
-19-

3.3 Inductance L
Inductor
Limiting current based on
the rise and collapse of
a magnetic field
Ideal inductor
Zero resistance
Store energy in magnetic field
-20-

eL
3.3 Inductance L

Inductance L of the coil:
uL
w
with w
L
i
i
When a time-varying current
flowing through:
di
u L e L L
dt
d
di
eL
L
dt
dt
Inductance unit: henrys (H), 1 H = 1 V*s/A

-21-

3.3 Inductance L
Power and Energy Storage

Power:
di
p L u Li Li
dt
Storage of energy in magnetic field:

t
1 2
WL p L dt Lidi Li
2
0
0
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3.4 Capacitance C
Physical capacitor
Store energy in the form of a charge separation
-23-

3.4 Capacitance C
Ideal capacitor
Open circuit for DC current
Charge separation proportional to voltage
Capacitance C:
q Cu C
Unit: farad (F) = coulomb/volt, F, pF
uC
Under varying voltage:

1t
u C idt u C (0)
C0
dq d
du
i
(Cu C ) C C
dt dt
dt
-24-

3.4 Capacitance C
Power
du C
du C
pC u C i u C C
Cu C
dt
dt
Energy Storage
t
1 2
WE p C dt Cu C du C Cu
2
0
0
-25-
Lesson > Topic 4 Kirchhoffs laws

Objectives:
Formulate equations for circuit analysis based on

the two Kirchhoffs laws: KCL and KVL
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4.1 Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)
Charge cannot be created but must be conserved

k n
Sum of currents at a node is zero
ik 0
k 1
Convention:
Currents entering a node are positive and vise versa
i1 A i5
B
KCL equations:
e1
Node A : - i1 i 2 i 5 0
R1
Node B : i 5 i 3 i 4 0
i3
R3
i2
C2
i4
R4
C3
L1
C
Write the equation for node C, anything to comment?

-27-
e4

4.2 Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)
No energy is lost or created in a circuit

Net voltage around a closed circuit is zero
k n1
k 1
k 1
KVL for loop (a):
i1
i5 R5
R1 a
i3
R3
i2
C2
e1
C3
C
i4
L1
-28-
k n2
k 1
di1 1
-R1i1 L1
i 2 dt e1
dt C 2
k n
R4
e4
Practice > Exercise

Matching
Fill in the blank
Drag and drop
Write KVL equations for loop b and c with the

direction indicated in the figure
Put correct sign (+ or - ) into the blank
Loop b:
1
i 2dt
C2
R 5i 5
R 3i3
1
i 2 dt =0
C3
i1
e1
Loop c:
1
i3dt
C3
R 4i 4 =
e4
C3
C
i4
L1
-29-
i3
R3
i2
C2
R1 a
R 3i 3
i5 R5
R4
e4
Outro > Discussion

At high school, did you use any laws similar to

Kirchhoffs laws? Find out some examples!
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Outro > Summary

A : Text summary
B : Visual summarizer
C : Video and PPT
No
Topic
Electrical Network
and its Topology
You can clearly describe an electrical network now and make it easy to
apply later-on analysis methods.
You can explain basic electrical quantities in an electrical circuit and ready
to use them in an analysis problem.
Circuit Elements
From now on, you are able to analyze basic circuit elements and find the
relationship between electrical quantities for an element.
Kirchhoffs laws
By applying the two laws of Kirchhoff, you can easily write equations
relating electrical quantities and parameters elements.
Summary
-32-
Outro > Next Lesson Guide

We have learnt about

Electric Circuits
Circuit Elements
Kirchhoffs laws
Ending Message
Next Lesson Title
Next topic
AC Network
Sinusoidal Voltages and Currents
RMS value
Sinusoidal Signal Representation
Fundamental AC Circuits
AC Power
Power Factor Correction

-33-

LESSON 01 - Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

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Script Writing Guide: e-Learning Content Development for the Project for Strengthen the CLMV Capacity for

r the ASEAN-KOREA Cyber University

Intro > Overview

Electrical Network and its Topology

At the completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Describe an electrical network with its topology and electrical quantities

Definite quantity of electricity, either negative or positive

Electrical potential or potential difference expressed in volts

Interconnection of electrical components (electrical network)

Opposition to the passage of an electric current

Lesson > Topic 1 Electrical Network and its Topology

Describe an electrical network topology

Lesson > Topic 1 Electrical Network and its Topology

A : Instructors video lecture

Electrical network: interconnection of electrical

Lesson > Topic 1 Electrical Network and its Topology

From conceptual to physical representation

Lesson > Topic 1 Electrical Network and its Topology

Branch: portion of a circuit with two terminals

Lesson > Topic 1 Electrical Network and its Topology

Node: junction of two or more branches

Lesson > Topic 1 Electrical Network and its Topology

Loop: any closed connection of branches

Lesson > Topic 1 Electrical Network and its Topology

Mesh: a loop that does not contain other loops

Lesson > Topic 2 Electrical Quantities

Review the concepts of main electrical quantities:

Lesson > Topic 2 Electrical Quantities

Time rate of change of charge passing through a

Lesson > Topic 2 Electrical Quantities

Lesson > Topic 2 Electrical Quantities

A : Instructors video lecture

Work done per unit time

Calculated at a branch or element

If u, i chosen with opposite direction:

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

Analyze fundamental circuit elements: R, L, C,

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

A : Instructors video lecture

Ideal Voltage Sources

Ideal Current Sources

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

A : Instructors video lecture

Resistance to the flow of

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

A : Instructors video lecture

Inductance L of the coil:

Inductance unit: henrys (H), 1 H = 1 V*s/A

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

Power and Energy Storage

Storage of energy in magnetic field:

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

Unit: farad (F) = coulomb/volt, F, pF

Under varying voltage:

Lesson > Topic 3 Circuit Elements

Lesson > Topic 4 Kirchhoffs laws

Formulate equations for circuit analysis based on

Lesson > Topic 4 Kirchhoffs laws

4.1 Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)

Charge cannot be created but must be conserved

Write the equation for node C, anything to comment?