Irrigation Engg. TYS Exp 244

2016
WORKBOOK
Detailed Explanations of
Try Yourself Questions

Civil Engineering
Irrigation Engineering
1
T1 : Solution
Water Requirements
of CROPS
Cultural commanded area (CCA)=
Area to be irrigated under wheat, Aw =

=
Area to be irrigated under rice, AR =
=
Duty for Wheat and Rice:
Given:
Kor period for wheat =
Depth of Kor watering for wheat =
Kor period for rice =
Depth of Kor watering for rice =
Using relation,
=
where,
=
B =
D =
For Wheat:
6000 ha
Intensity of Irrigation for wheat CCA

0.20 6000 = 1200 ha
Intensity of irrigation for Rice CCA
0.1 6000 = 600 ha
3 Weeks or 21 days
9 cm
2 weeks or 14 days
25 cm
8.64 B/D
Kor water depth (in m)
days
Duty (hectare/ cumec)
Dw =
8.64 21
= 2016 ha/ cumec
0.09
DR =
8.64 14
= 483.84 ha/ cumec
0.25
For Rice:
Water required at the head of distributary to irrigate,
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Workbook
(i) Wheat:
QW =
AW 1200
=
= 0.595m 3 / s or cumec
DW 2016
(ii) Rice:
QR =
AR
600
=
= 1.240 m3 / s or cumec
DR 483.84
The required total outlet discharge is the maximum of the two i.e.
Q = 1.240 cumec
T2 : Solution
Crop
Base period Duty of the water Intensity of Area of each Water required Volume of water
3
by crop
(days)
at the field
irrigation (%) crop under
required (in Mm )
irrigation
(cumec)
(ha/cumec)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Wheat
120
1800
20
8000
4.444
(6)
46.08
(7)
Sugarcane
360
1700
20
8000
4.706
146.37
Cotton
180
1400
10
4000
2.857
44.43
Rice
120
800
15
6000
7.500
77.76
Vegetables
120
700
15
6000
8.571
= 80
= 32000
88.87
= 403.51
Water required by crop in cumec (Col. 6)

=
Area of crop under irrigation

Duty of crop at field
Volume of water required by crop (Col. 7)

= Column (6) Column (1)
Hence, total water required at the field = 403.51 Mm3
Canal losses = 25%
Water required at Canal head =
403.51
= 538.013 Mm3
0.75
Reservoir losses = 15%
Gross reservoir capacity =
Canal capacity =
538.013
= 632.96 Mm3
0.85
(4.706 + 2.857 + 7.500) = 15.063 = 20.084 cumecs
0.75
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Design of Stable Channels
T1 : Solution
For the more efficient trapezoidal channel, side slopes should be 1: 3 i.e. m =
Using,
Q = C RS A
we have,
Q = 21.5 m3/s
C = 70 and S =
21.5 = 70 R
or,
21.5 =
Also,
1
y
and R = .
2
3
1
2500
1
A
2500
70
R A
50
1
1 2
2
A = [2 1 + m 2 m] y 2 = 2 1 +
y = 1.732 y
3
3
21.5 =
70 y
1.732 y 2
50 2
Also,
y = 2.75 m
A = 1.732 (2.75)2 = 13.10 m2
But,
1
2.75 2.75
A = (B + my) y = B +
13.10 = (B + 0.577 2.75) 2.75

B = 3.18 m
The channel dimensions are thus worked out as:
B = 3.18 m and y = 2.75 m
Velocity as per Chezys equation determined above is
V = C RS = 70 R
= 70
1
50
y 1
2.75 1
= 70
= 1.64 m/s
2 50
2 50
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Workbook
With Mannings equation,
V=
1 2/3
R
S
n
1 2.75
1.64 =
n 2
2/3
1
50
n = 0.015
T2 : Solution
Q = 50 cumec, f = 1.1
1/ 6
Qf 2
V=
140
1/ 6
50 (1.1)2
=
140
A=
Q
50
=
= 57.54 m2
V 0.869
R=
5 V2
= 1.716 m
2 f
= 0.869 m/s
P = 4.75 Q = 4.75 50 = 33.59 m

For a trapezoidal channel with
1
H : 1 V side slopes
2
P = b + 5y
33.59 = b + 5 y
A = b +
and
57.54 = by +
...(i)
y
y
2
y2
2
...(ii)
From equation (i),
b = 33.59 2.24 y
Putting this value of b in equation (ii),
57.54 = [33.59 2.24y] y +
and
y2
2
y2 19.30y + 33.05 = 0
y = 1.89 m
b = 29.35 m
S=
(1.1)5 / 3
1
f 5/3
=
=
1/ 6
1/ 6
5469
3340.(50)
3340Q
Use a bed slope of 1 in 5469.
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Civil Engineering Irrigation Engineering
T3 : Solution
The channel section is trapezoidal,
and
A = y(B + y + y cot)
P = B + 2y + 2y cot
1
For 1 : 1 slope, cot = 1.5 and = 0.59 radian
2
and
Given,
and
A
P
y
A
P
R=
A 4 B + 33.44
=
P
B + 16.72
Q=
1
AR 2 / 3 S 1/ 2
n
=
=
=
=
=
y(B + 2.09y)
B + 4.18y
4.0 m
4(B + 8.36) = 4B + 33.44
B + 4.18 4 = B + 16.72
350 =
1
4B + 33.44
(4 B + 33.44)
B + 16.72
0.013
or,
364 =
(4B + 33.44)5 / 3
(B + 16.72)2 / 3
2/3
1
6400
...(i)
Solving equation (i) by Hit and Trial

(i) Use,
B = 30 m
L.H.S. = 365
R.H.S. = 339
(ii) Use,
B = 32 m
R.H.S. = 359
(iii) Use,
B = 32.5 m
R.H.S. = 364 (OK)
Hence, use B = 32.5 and y = 4.0 m
Using free-board of 0.75 m, we get total depth of lined channel = 4.75 m.
Copyright
Design and Construction

of Gravity DAM
T1 : Solution
8m
MWL RL 375
RL 380
W1
25 m
H = 75 m
RL 370
W2
RL 300
60 m
wH = 9.81 75
= 735.75 kN/m2
U1
Unit weight of water = 1000 kg/m3

= 1000 9.81 N/m3 = 9810 N/m3 = 9.81 kN/m3
Unit weight of concrete = 2400 9.81 N/m3
= 23544 N/m3 = 23.544 kN/m3
Consider 1 m length of dam
The various forces and their moments about the toe are then calculated and tabulated in the table
Name of
the force
Downward
weight
of the dam
Designation
if given
Magnitude
in kN
Lever
arm in m
Moment
about toe
W1
8 80 1 23.54
=15068.16
56
(+) 843816.96
W2
1
52 70 23.54
2
= 42842.8
34.67
(+) 1485359.88
M1 = 2329176.84
v1 = 57910.96
Uplift
pressure
U1
1
60 735.75
2
40
V 2 = 22072.5
Water pressure
on U/s face
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1
9.81 75 75 1
2
= 27591
()882900
m 2 = 882900
25
()689775
Net moment,
M = 2329176.84 882900 689775 = 756501.84 kNm
V = 57918 22072.5 = 35838.46 kN
Distance of resultant from toe
x=
e=
Eccentricity,
M 756501.84
= 21.10 m
=
35838.46
V
B
x = 30 21.11 = 8.89 m
2
B
6
Resultant passes through the middle third of the base.
e<
Since,
T2 : Solution
Considering the uplift forces and considering unit length of dam all the forces will be calculated.
7m
3m
10 m
W1
97 m
PH
W2
Heel
97 t/m
75 m
Given that,
=
Weight density of concrete =
Weight density of water =
W1 =
0.75
2.4 t/m3
1 t/m3
7 (97 + 3) 1 2.4 = 1680 t
1
W2 = (75 7) (100 10) 1 2.4 = 7344 t
2
1
U = 97 75 1 = 3637.5 t
2
FV = W1 + W2 U = 1680 + 7344 3637.5 = 5386.5 t
1
1 972 = 4704.5 t
2
FH = PH = 4704.5 t
Horizontal force, PH =
Factor of safety against sliding =
FV
0.75 5386.5
=
= 0.859 < 1
FH
4704.5
(Not safe)
Thus, the dam is not safe against sliding due to large magnitudes of uplift forces.
Copyright
River Training and

Diversion Headworks
T1 : Solution
Total length of creep = (2 6) + 22 + (2 8) = 50 m
Hydraulic gradient =
4
1
=
50 12.5
(i) Uplift pressure at point A

Length of creep upto A = 6 2 + 6 = 18 m
18
Unbalanced head, h1 = 4 1
= 2.56 m
50
Uplift pressure = w h1 = 9.81 2.56 = 25.11 kN/m2

Thickness, t =
4 h1
4 2.56
=
= 2.76 m
3 G 1
3 2.24 1
(ii) Uplift pressure at point B

Length of creep upto B = 6 2 + 12 = 24 m
24
= 2.08 m
50

Thickness, t =
4 h2
4 2.08
=
= 2.23 m
3 G 1
3 2.24 1
(iii) Uplift pressure at point C,

Length of creep upto C = 6 2 + 18 = 30 m
30
= 1. 6 m
50

Thickness, t =
Copyright
4 h3
4 1. 6
=
= 1.72 m
3 G 1
3 2.24 1
10
T2 : Solution
(i) For U/S pile line ( C1 = ?)
d = 4 m, b = 16 m and =
b 16
=
=4
d
4
C1 = 100 E
1+ 1+ 2
= 2.5616
=
2
1
2
E = cos1

E =
2.5616 2 1
cos 1
= (77.34)
= 0.43
2.5616
180
C1 = 100 43 = 57%
Correction due to D/S pile
D d + D
C = +19
b b
5 4 + 5
= +6%
C = +19
16 16
Corrected C1 = 57% + 6% = 63%
PC1 = 63% 2.5 m = 1.575 m
(ii) For D/S pile line (E = ?)
d = 5 m, b = 16 m and =
b 16
=
= 3.2
d
5
1
2
E = cos1

E =
1+ 1+ 2
= 2.176
=
2
2.176 2
cos 1
= 0.474 = 47.4%
2.176 180
Correction due to U/S pile

D d + D
C = 19
b b
C = 19
4 5 + 4
= 5.3%
16 16
Corrected E = 47.4 5.3 = 42.1%

PE = 42.1% 2.5 m = 1.05 m
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Workbook
11
T3 : Solution
Pond level
100 m
9m
River bed
level 80 m
Pile
Pile
15 m
5m
25 m
Max. seepage head available = H = 100 80 = 20 m

Depth of downstream cut-off = 9 m
Total flow length = b = 15 + 5 + 25 = 45 m
b 45
=
=5
d 9
1 + 1 + 2
= 3.04951
2
Exit gradient
Given safe exit gradient
= 0.1823
(GE) =
=
H 1
20
.
=
( 0.1823) = 0.40511
d
9
1
= 0.2 < 0.40511
5
Thus barrage in not safe against piping.
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Miscellaneous
T1 : Solution
G.L.
1.5 m
b = 8.5 m
Highest
W.T.
2m
S=?
10 m
a=8m
Impervious
From figure,
a = 8 m and b = 8.5 m
k = 6 106 m/s
Annual rainfall = 96 cm = 0.96 m
q=
4k 2
4 6 106
(8.52 82 )
[b a2 ] =
S
S
...(i)
q=
0.01 0.96
[S 1]
24 60 60
...(ii)
Equation (i) and (ii),

0.01 0.96 S
4 6 106 8.25
=
24 3600
S
S = 42.21 m
T2 : Solution
Discharge through the outlet
Length of the outlet
FSL of the distributary
Available working head or head loss,
HL
Coefficient of discharge,
Cd
=
=
=
=
=
0.02 m3 s1.
15 m
200.00 m
5.0 cm
0.51
Copyright
Workbook
13
The discharge in non modular submurged pipe outlet is given by
Q = Cd A 2gHL
where,
A = Area cross section of pipe

D 2
5.0
2 9.81
0.02 = 0.51
100
4
0.02 10 = 3.967 D2
D = 0.224 m
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Irrigation Engg. TYS Exp 244

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Irrigation Engg. TYS Exp 244

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2016

Try Yourself Questions

Cultural commanded area (CCA)=

Area to be irrigated under wheat, Aw =

Intensity of Irrigation for wheat CCA

Water required at the head of distributary to irrigate,

Water required by crop in cumec (Col. 6)

Area of crop under irrigation

Volume of water required by crop (Col. 7)

Water required at Canal head =

Reservoir losses = 15%

Gross reservoir capacity =

(4.706 + 2.857 + 7.500) = 15.063 = 20.084 cumecs

Design of Stable Channels

13.10 = (B + 0.577 2.75) 2.75

P = 4.75 Q = 4.75 50 = 33.59 m

From equation (i),

Use a bed slope of 1 in 5469.

Civil Engineering Irrigation Engineering

Solving equation (i) by Hit and Trial

Design and Construction

Unit weight of water = 1000 kg/m3

Civil Engineering Irrigation Engineering

Factor of safety against sliding =

River Training and

(i) Uplift pressure at point A

Uplift pressure = w h1 = 9.81 2.56 = 25.11 kN/m2

(ii) Uplift pressure at point B

Uplift pressure = w h2 = 9.81 2.08 = 20.4 kN/m2

(iii) Uplift pressure at point C,

Uplift pressure = w h3 = 9.81 1.6 = 15.7 kN/m2

Civil Engineering Irrigation Engineering

Correction due to D/S pile

Corrected C1 = 57% + 6% = 63%

PC1 = 63% 2.5 m = 1.575 m

(ii) For D/S pile line (E = ?)

Correction due to U/S pile

Corrected E = 47.4 5.3 = 42.1%

Max. seepage head available = H = 100 80 = 20 m

Given safe exit gradient

Thus barrage in not safe against piping.

Equation (i) and (ii),

The discharge in non modular submurged pipe outlet is given by

A = Area cross section of pipe

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