RCsolver

Eurocode design software program (Version 2012)

Version 1.1
Issued: 7-Sep-2012
Deep Excavation LLC
www.deepexcavation.com
www.rcsolver.com

. ., , ,

, .
, Deep Excavation LLC

Deep Excavation

Page 1

RCsolver

1. ..................................................................................... 3
1.1 .................................................. 3
1.2 .......................................................................... 6
1.3 ........................................................................ 11
2. .......................................................... 31
2.1 ............................................................................................................................... 31
2.2 ................................................................................................... 32
2.3 ................................................................................................................................ 34
2.4 ....................................................................................... 39
2.5 ................................................... 42
2.6 ..................................................................................................... 45
2.7 ......................................................................................................................... 46
2.8 ............................................................................ 50
2.9 ........................................................ 57

Deep Excavation

Page 2

RCsolver
1.
1.1

2000, EC8 (2.1) :
-:


( ).
.
:


,
.
, 2000,
10% 50 , 475
. , AEk,
EC8 R.
,
, AEk, , ,
1.0 (

). : AEd
= AEk. -,
AEd.

10% 10 , 95 .
,
,
. EC8(2.1 4.4.3.2)
, AEd,
( ).

. EC8 :

, (
, 2000 ).
, ,
.

Deep Excavation

Page 3

RCsolver
,
.

2000,

(EC8 4.4.3.2).
(
)


.
,

. EC8

,
.

, .

, .
40% 90%
.
,

.
,
. EC8
,

q=1.5 ( q=1.0 ),
,
,

.
, , ,
2000
, EC8
, .
, q=1.5,
(EC2 EC6),

Deep Excavation

Page 4

RCsolver
( )
EC8 . (, 2009).
EC8,
, .
, :
( )
,
q>1.5

(
)
( )

, ,
.
,
( )
() (
), ,
,
, Rd, , Ed,
: (EC8 4.4.2.2)

Rd Ed

(1.1)

, Rd,
(..
, c=1.5,
s=1.15).
,


, .
,
,

.
( )

. (, 2009a)

Deep Excavation

Page 5

RCsolver
1.2

.
, ,

.

.
,
(PGA). 2000, EC8,
,
( ).

. ,
R

-R.
.

1.1: (Elghazouli, 2009)

Deep Excavation

Page 6

RCsolver

EC8,
, ,
.
,

.
5%,
q.

.
EC8, ,
(Type 1)

(Type 2). , 1
7 2 5,5.

Ambraseys et al. (1996)
10 km ,
1 2 EC8,
(PGA).

1.2: Ambraseys EC8 (Elghazouli,

2009)

5% C8
. ,
C 2.5 agS, (
2000 1 2)
C D,
1/, ,
1/2.

Deep Excavation

Page 7

RCsolver

1.3: EC 5% (, 2009a)

, ,
5% q.
,
: () Sag,
1.5,
, =0 () 2.5ag/q =. ,
, 20%
, ag. (, 2009a)
,
q 1998 ENV 1998 q=4.

1.4: (, 2009c)

(EC8 3.2.2.5(4)) :

Deep Excavation

Page 8

RCsolver
2 T 2.5 2
0 T TB : Sd (T ) ag S

3
T
q
3

TB T TC : Sd (T ) ag S

2.5
q

(1.2)
(1.3)

2.5 TC

ag S q T
TC T TD : Sd (T )

ag

(1.4)

2.5 TC TD

ag S q T 2
TD T : Sd (T )

ag

(1.5)

:
Sd (T)
T
ag (ag=IagR)
I
TB
TC
TD
S
=1
5%
q
( =0.2)

2000,
1/ D, 1/2 D, 1/2/3,
(0.2ag, 0.25ag).

Deep Excavation

Page 9

RCsolver



, ,
.
( )
,
.
() ,
.
( )

(Bozorgnia and Campbell, 2004). , EC8 (3.2.2.3)

. 3.5

EC8 Bozorgnia
Campbell (2004)
.

1.5:
EC8 .

,
,
S 1.0, q
1.5 (
), TB, TC, TD (
), avg ag,
,
.

Deep Excavation

Page 10

RCsolver
avg/ ag

TB

TC

TD

0.90

0.05 0.15 1.0

0.45

0.05 0.15 1.0

1.1:
EC8 (EC8 3.2.2.3 Table 3.4)

1.3

(ag)
EC8, (
10% 50 ), Ek,
agR (
) .
EC8 2000
,

C ,
B E 15%-40%,
2000.
agR
S.
( ),
, ag, , agR,
, ag = agR.
2000 (
EC8)
(, 2009).

ag
0.16 0.24 0.36
1.2:
2000 ( . 2, 2.2)

Deep Excavation

Page 11

RCsolver

1.6:
2000 ( . 2, 2.2)

()
,
,

.
, ,
, v,
.
EC8,
1.0,
.

, EC8.

, ..
.

, .. , .


, .. , ,
.

0.8

0.5

1.0

0.5

1.2

0.4

1.4

0.4

1.3: EC8
(EC8 4.2.5 Table 4.3 . 2009a)
Deep Excavation

Page 12

RCsolver

EC8(3.1.2), (A,
B, C, D, E) (S1, S2)
.

30 m
: (EC8 3.1.2 (3))

s ,30

30
hi

i 1, N

(1.6)

hi vi ( m) (
10-5 ) i .
vs,30
0.3 m SPT.
, cu.
,
.

A: , 5m

B:
,

C:
,


D:

E: 5-20m C D
S1: 10 m /
PI>40

S2: ,
- S1

vs,30

SPT

cu

>800

360-800

>50

>250

180-360

1550

70250

<180

<15

<70

<100

10-20

1.4: EC8
(EC8 3.1.2 Table 3.1)

Deep Excavation

Page 13

RCsolver

EC8 . , EC8 (3.2.2.2(2))
: 1 ( >
5,5), 2 ( < 5,5).
, : , , , C
, , D ,
,
5-20 m.
ag.

1.7: 1 EC8 5%
(EC8 3.2.2.2)

1.8: 2 EC8 5%
(C8 3.2.2.2)

Deep Excavation

Page 14

RCsolver
,
,

.
, S, TB, TC TD,
,
EC8.
EC8

, (Type 1 Type 2).

A
B
C
D
E

TB

TC

TD

1.0
1.2
1.15
1.35
1.4

0.15
0.15
0.20
0.20
0.15

0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.5

2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0

1.5: Type 1 EC8

(EC8 3.2.2.2 Table 3.2)

A
B
C
D

TB

TC

TD

1.0
1.35
1.5
1.8

0.05
0.05
0.10
0.10

0.25
0.25
0.25
0.30

1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

1.6

0.05

0.25

1.2

1.6: Type 2 EC8

(EC8 3.2.2.2 Table 3.3)

TB
TC
TD

Deep Excavation

Page 15

RCsolver
()
, ,
,
5%.
( )
q.
=1
=5%.
: (EC8 3.2.2.2(3))
0.55

(1.7)

,
. , 5%
,
.

%
: 2

4
:

4
:

5
:

5
1.7: 2000
( . 2, 2.8).

EC8 EAK 2000

,
,
.
q

,
. ,
,
Deep Excavation

Page 16

RCsolver
. ,

,
5%, ,
,
.
q,
, :


.

.
-
EC8
.

( ) (
), .

(
) . ,
.

,
.
,
. ,

,
.

,
,
(Elghazouli, 2009).
,



.
, :

Deep Excavation

Page 17

RCsolver
( (DCL))


(q=1.5).
(DCM)

(1.5<q<4).
(DCH)

(q>4).
(/DCL)
2000.
( 475 )
q=1.5
, - ,
(
C16/20, ). EC8
DCL
( 0.10g).
, DCL
. ,
,

.
DCL .
(DCM DCH)

q>1.5.
, :
( )


( )
,
,
.

. DCM
.
DCH
DCM
. EC8

, .
Deep Excavation

Page 18

RCsolver

.
, DCM V
2 3,
(, 2009a).

,

. (capacity
design).
:

.

.
.
.
.

xmax
xy

(1.8)

. ( EC8)
, q:

Fel
Fy

(1.9)

Fel
, Fy .
, (>C C
),
. ,
, .
,
Deep Excavation

Page 19

RCsolver
. EC8
: (EC8 5.2.3.4(3))

1 (q 1)

TC
T

T TC

T TC

(1.10)
(1.11)

.(Elghazouli,
2009).

1.9:
(Elghazouli, 2009).

EC8 (5.2.2.1)
:
: ( EC2
4.0)
65%
.
: -
65%
.
( ) :
50% 65%
. :
) :
50% 65%.
) :
50% 65%.

Deep Excavation

Page 20

RCsolver
:

,
.
:
,

. EC8
,
vd =Nd/Acfcd 0.3
.


. :
lw
.

.





(, 2009 b).
,

,
.

- ,
,

.

EC8(4.2.3.3)
:

Deep Excavation

Page 21

RCsolver
( )

.


.
,
(
)
.

10% .

,
30%
.
15% ,
(
) 50% .


. :
()
,

:
2 sec 4C.
- 20%
q .
, - ,
,
, (
).
8 ,
(, 2009b).

Deep Excavation

Page 22

RCsolver

1.10: (EC8 4.2.3.3)

8 (4.2.3.2)
. ,
. ,
:



4,
5% .
.

, 30%
(EC8
4.2.3.2(6)):
0.3rx ex 0.3ry ey

(1.12)

(

) (EC8 4.2.3.2(6)):

Deep Excavation

Page 23

RCsolver
rx ls ry ls

(1.13)

rx

( x 2 EI y y 2 EI x )
( EI y )

ry
,

( x 2 EI y y 2 EI x )
( EI x )

(1.14)

,
.

1.11: EC8 ( 1, C,
Elghazouli, 2009).

EC8
q
: (EC8 5.2.2.2(1))
q=q0kw 1.5

(1.15)

q0 ,

kw

Deep Excavation

Page 24

RCsolver

q0 ,
.

1.8: , qo,
EC8 ( 5.2.2.2 Table 5.1 , 2009)).

, ,
q0 20%.
- .
u 1 :
1

,
.
u


,
.
u/1
,
(EC8 5.2.2.2(5)) :
:
: u/1 = 1.1
: u/1 =1.2

: u/1 =1.3
:

: u/1 = 1.0
: u/1 =1.1
Deep Excavation

Page 25

RCsolver

: u/1 =1.2
,
u/1 : () 1.0 ()
.
. u/1
, .
, u/1 1.5. EC8

q=1.5, DCL
. kw,
(EC8 5.2.2.2(11)):
: kw=1.0
:
1.0 kw=(1+0)/3 0.5

(1.16)

0 , hwi/lwi
,
(EC8 5.2.2.2(12)) :
0 = hwi/lwi

(1.17)

hwi i
lwi i.
(, 2009)
q
,
.
3.11
,
C8 .
C8
, u/1, C8

.
.
200 ,

DCM DCH C8,
DCM.
, ,
8. ,
Deep Excavation

Page 26

RCsolver
( -,
, ),
q C8.

Deep Excavation

Page 27

RCsolver

EC8

EC8

EC8

EC8
DCM DCH
DCM DCH
DCM DCH
DCM DCH
2.0
3.0
3.5*
2.0
3.0
3.5*
1.6
2.4
3.5*
1.6
2.4

3.5*

2.0

1.5

2.0

2.0

1.5

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.6

2.0

1.5

1.6

>2
/

3.0

3.0

4.4

3.0

3.0

4.2

3.0

2.4

3.5

3.0

2.4

3.35

2
/

3.0

3.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

4.0

3.0

2.4

3.2

3.0

2.4

3.2

3.5

3.6

5.4

3.5

3.3

4.95

3.5

2.9

4.3

3.5

2.65

3.95

3.5

3.9

5.85

3.5

3.45

5.2

3.5

3.1

4.7

3.5

2.75

4.15

3.5

3.3

4.95

3.5

3.15

4.7

3.5

2.65

3.95

3.5

2.5

3.8

1.9: / EC8 (, 2009).

Deep Excavation

Page 28

RCsolver


(DCM DCH)




,
q
. ,
( )
, (, 2009a).
, C8 (5.2.3.4(3))
,
, :
=2-1

(1.18)

:
=2q0-1

T1TC

=1+2(q0-1) TC/T1

T1 TC

(1.19)
(1.20)

,
:

(EC8 5.4.3.1.2(4)):

max '

0.0018 f cd

sy ,d f yd

(1.21)

sy ,d f yd Es
,
. ,

.


, : ()
()
DCH
( ,
EC8).
(DCH)
Deep Excavation

Page 29

RCsolver

awd
,
2/3 qo.
awd :
(EC8 5.4.3.2.2(8))
awd 30 ( d ) sy ,d

bc
0.035
bo

(1.22)

d N Ed Ac fcd
f yd , fcd (
)
bc
b

Deep Excavation

Page 30

RCsolver
2.
:
(2000
( 1985, .. 1959).
8
.
2.1
2
2000,
,
. 1.1 2,
,
. , 2 - 1 (, 2009):
( 2000)
,
8 ( 2-1.1
, ).
2000:
, ( ) .
,

2000.

2000
.
-
( )
.
, 2000, ,
,
(. 19 22
).

2 , ,
,
,
.

Deep Excavation

Page 31

RCsolver
2.2


c s. c s
, .
, 2
4.1.
1.3 1.2.
E 2-1.1 ( 2.4.2.4)

1.50

1.15

1.15

1.20

1.00

1.00

2.1: .
( 2 - 2.1)

2000 ( 6.3.3)

1.50

1.15

1.30

1.00

1.50

1.15

1.00*

1.00

* (.. )
c .
c=1.3.
2.2: m. ( 2000 - 6.5)

Deep Excavation

Page 32

RCsolver


.
, . 2
0, 1 2 ,
- . , 1 2

.
:
E 0 ( .1.2)

,
: ,
:
C:
D:
:
F:
30 kN
G:
30 kN < 160 kN
:
( 1991-1-3)
, , ,
- CEN
> 1000 m
- CEN
1000 m
( 1991-1-4)
( ) ( 1991-1-5)

0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
1.00

0.50
0.50
0.70
0.70
0.90

0.30
0.30
0.60
0.60
0.80

0.70

0.70

0.60

0.70
0

0.50
0

0.30
0

0.70

0.50

0.20

0.70

0.50

0.20

0.50
0.60
0.60

0.20
0.20
0.50

0
0
0

2.3: . (E 0- . 1.1)

Deep Excavation

Page 33

RCsolver
2000 ( 6.3.2.3)

2
0.60
0.30
0.70
0.30

, , ,

(,
0.80
0.50

, , ...)

1.00
0.80
(, , , )

0.90
0.60

0.60
.
0.00

0.60
0.0/0.3*
0.00
/
0.00
(
, ,
...)
1.00

1.00
(*: 2=0 )

2.4:
. ( 2000 - 6.3)

2.3

cm -
40% . 2-1.1
1.5
.
.
2-1.1
fck 28 Cmax
( C90/105).

Deep Excavation

Page 34

RCsolver
E 2-1.1 ( 3.1.3)

fck
(MPa)
fck.cube
(MPa)
fcm
(MPa)
fctm
(MPa)
fctk,0,05
(MPa)
fctk,0,95
(MPa)
Ecm
(Gpa)
c1()

12

16

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

70

80

90

15

20

25

30

37

45

50

55

60

67

75

85

95

105

20

24

28

33

38

43

48

53

58

63

68

78

88

98

1.6

1.9

2.2

2.6

2.9

3.2

3.5

3.8

4.1

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.0

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.5

2.0

2.5

2.9

3.3

3.8

4.2

4.6

4.9

5.3

5.5

5.7

6.0

6.3

6.6

27

29

30

31

32

34

35

36

37

38

39

41

42

44

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.25

2.3

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.8

3.5

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.0

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

3.5

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.0

1.75

1.6

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.75

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.3

3.5

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

cu1(
)
c2()
cu2(
)
n
c3 ()
cu3
()
fctm
(MPa)
fctk,0,05
(MPa)
fctk,0,95
(MPa)
Ecm
(Gpa)

1.6

1.9

2.2

2.6

2.9

3.2

3.5

3.8

4.1

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.0

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.5

2.0

2.5

2.9

3.3

3.8

4.2

4.6

4.9

5.3

5.5

5.7

6.0

6.3

6.6

27

29

30

31

32

34

35

36

37

38

39

41

42

44

2.5: ( 2 .3.1)

2000 ( 2.5.2)

fck

12

16

20

25
30
35

40

45

50

Ecm

26

27.5

29

30.5

35

36

37

32

33.5

2.6: GPa. ( 2000 - 2.2)

Deep Excavation

Page 35

RCsolver

E 2-1.1 ( 3.1.6)
H :
(2.1)
:


, 1.0.
H :
(2.2)
:



, 1.0.
2000
.


-,
. ,
-.
2-1.1 . 0.85

,
2-1.1. , .
, C20/25
2-1.1

.

Deep Excavation

Page 36

RCsolver
E 2-1.1 ( 3.1.7)

2.1: (C2 - 3.3)

(2.3)

(2.4)

(2.5)
(2.6)

(2.7)

(2.8)

Deep Excavation

(2.9)

Page 37

RCsolver

(2.10)

2000 ( 10.4.3)

2.2: - -
( 2000 - 10.2)

2-1.1
. - 4.3.

2.3: - - ( 2 3.4)
Deep Excavation

Page 38

RCsolver
:

(2.11)

(2.12)

(2.13)

(2.14)

2.4
,
.
. x
,

,
.

21.1

.
-,
:
E 2-1.1 ( 3.1.7)

2.4: . ( 2 3.5)

2-1.1 ,
, :

Deep Excavation

Page 39

RCsolver
(2.15)

(2.16)

(2.17)

(2.18)

2000 ( 10.4.3.2)

(x
):
1.
0,
2.
:

,

.

2.5: - .
( 2000 - 10.2)

.
2-1.1
ud kfyk/s uk

( 4.6). -
.
- o
Deep Excavation

Page 40

RCsolver
2 . 2
3 : , , C.
C
(
, ).
E 2-1.1 ( 3.2.7)

k=(ft/fy)k

2.6: - ( )
( ). ( 2 3.8)

2000 ( 3.1, 10.4.4)

2.7: - .
( 2000 - 10.3)

Deep Excavation

Page 41

RCsolver
C:

fyk
f0,2k (MPa)

k=(ft/fy)k

, uk (%)

(%)

400 600
1,05

1,08

1,15
<1,35

1,05

5,0

1,08

1,15
<1,35

10,0
10,0

2,5

5,0

7,5

2,5

(
) (%)

5,0

7,5

0,3 fyk (
)

(mm)
8
6,0
>8
4,5

5,0

2.7:

2.5


, ,
. ,
,

.
. 2-1.1 (4.2)
:

C1, XC2, XC3, XC4
XD1, XD2, XD3
Deep Excavation

:
:
:
Page 42

RCsolver
XS1, XS2, XS3
XF1, XF2, XF3, XF4
XA1, XA2, XA3

:
:
:

, (5.1) :
1
:
,

(.. 80%,
3 ).
2
:

,
(), ( ),
,
.
3
:
(

).

4
:
, (, ,
).

2-1.1
2.19
2.8.
2-1.1
.

Deep Excavation

Page 43

RCsolver
E 2-1.1 (4.4.1)
,
.


,

(2.19)


:
(2.20)
:

2000 (5.1)
cmin

20

25

30

30-45*

-5

+5

+10

* . . 12.4 ...
cmin=30,35,40 45 mm , ,
.
2.8: mm (cmin). ( 2000 - 5.1)

Deep Excavation

Page 44

RCsolver
2.6

,
,
, , ,
. 2-1.1
, .

L
2-1.1 1.21 4.23
2.9 2.10.
E 2-1.1 (5.3.2)

2.8: ( 2 5.3)

(2.21)

(2.22)

2.9: l0 .
( 2 5.2)

Deep Excavation

Page 45

RCsolver
2000 (8.4)
(1.23)

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.05

<0.15

0.20

0.25

0.33

0.40

0.49

0.62

0.78

0.94

1.00

0.20

0.22

0.27

0.35

0.42

0.52

0.64

0.78

0.94

1.00

0.30

0.33

0.40

0.50

0.56

0.63

0.72

0.83

0.94

1.00

2.9: befi/bi ( , ,
2000 - 8.1)

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.05

<0.15

0.12

0.14

0.19

0.23

0.30

0.38

0.50

0.74

0.97

0.20

0.13

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.38

0.50

0.74

0.97

0.30

0.22

0.25

0.31

0.36

0.40

0.47

0.57

0.74

0.97

2.10: befi/bi (, ,
2000 - 8.2)

2.7
EN 1992-1-1
2-1.1,

.

.


. (
)
.
.

(
).
,
.

2000.

Deep Excavation

Page 46

RCsolver
E 2-1.1 (6.2)
(11)

2000

45 21,8

2.10:
2-1.1 .( ., 2009)

Deep Excavation

Page 47

RCsolver

4.10 ,
.


2-1.1
(6.2.2) :
(2.24)
(2.25)
:

(11.1.2) :
(2.26)

Deep Excavation

(2.27)

Page 48

RCsolver
( )
,

(
)
2.11.
2-1.1 (6.2.3)

:

D
2.11: (C2 6.5)

(2.28)
(2.29)
:

1

(2.30)
=
Deep Excavation

Page 49

RCsolver
=
=

=
,
( ):

(11.1.3)
(2.31)
(2.32)

:
(2.33)
(2.34)

, (sw),
( ,
). , . ,

,
. ( .- .-
.- ., 2009).

2.8

E 2-1.1 (7.3.1)

,
.
, , ,

. ,

,
2-1.1.

. ,
Deep Excavation

Page 50

RCsolver


. ,
-
() () ( ., 2009):

0, C1
XC2,XC3,XC4
XD1,XD2,XS1,
XS2, XS3

-
0.41
0.3

0.2
0.22

1: 0, XC1,

.
.
2: , ,
- .
2.13: wmax(mm). ( 2 7.1)

wmax mm
0.3-0.4

0.2

3.4

0.1

2.14: - . ( 2000 - )

2 wmax
, .

Deep Excavation

Page 51

RCsolver


(
, , .)
,
.
.
E 2-1.1 (7.3.2)

:
(2.35)
:
.
(
)

(
)

:
=

, (
), 28

:

:
(2.36)

Deep Excavation

Page 52

RCsolver
(2.37)

:

(2.38)

,

2000 (15.5)

:
(2.39)
:



:


.

Deep Excavation

Page 53

RCsolver

2.12: k
,

15.2 .

2.13: k ( 2000 15.2)

:
:
2-1.1:
:

, ..1:

2.15:
2-1.1 ( ., 2009)
Deep Excavation

Page 54

RCsolver

E 2-1.1 (7.3.3)
,
,
200 mm .
,
:

,
,

.
.

[mm]

[Pa]

wk=0.4 mm

wk=0.3 mm

wk=0.2 mm

160

300

300

200

200

300

250

150

240

250

200

100

280

200

150

50

320

150

100

360

100

50

2.16:
( 2 7.3)

Deep Excavation

Page 55

RCsolver

[mm]

[Pa]

wk=0.4 mm

wk=0.3 mm

wk=0.2 mm

160

40

32

25

200

32

25

16

240

20

16

12

280

16

12

320

12

10

360

10

400

450

2.17: *s (
2 7.2)

2000 (15.3)
:

s (MPa)

160

200

240

280

350

400

450

1,2

36

36

28

25

16

10

3,4

28

20

16

12

2.
.
h > 300 mm
h (mm)/300.
2.18: (mm)
.( 2000 - 15.1)

Deep Excavation

Page 56

RCsolver
s (MPa)

160

200

240

280

350

1 2

250

250

250

200

150

3 4

250

200

150

150

70

2.
2.19: (mm)
. ( 2000 - 15.2)

,
. 2-1.1
wk.
.

2-1.1

0 ( 2) 1 ():

2-1.1

2.9

2-1.1
.
,
2-1.1 .
1.
9.2.1.1 2-1.1

:
(2.40)
Deep Excavation

Page 57

RCsolver
:

( )

(2.41)

(18.3.2) .
,
.
(2.42)
(2.43)
2.
9.5.2 2-1.1

:
(2.44)
( )

(2.45)

(18.4.3) .
,
.
(2.46)
(2.47)

Deep Excavation

Page 58