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Tạp Âm Nhiệt AWGN
Tạp Âm Nhiệt AWGN
noise)
10:16
No comments
y
ta
cn
lu
:
a) Vi tn hiu bng gc, ph chim ca tn hiu W thng rt nh so vi Wn (vi chc MHz
so vi vi - vi chc GHz) nn trong bng tn hiu N(f) xem nh = No = const. Cng sut tp
m
lt
vo
trong
bng
tn
hiu
s
l
Pn
=
No.W.
b) Vi tn hiu thng di do iu ch, c tn v tp u s cng iu ch sng mang nn trn
cao tn, ph tn hiu s rng 2W tp trung quanh tn s sng mang fc, song vi bin ph
gim 2 ln (theo nh l iu ch trong bin i Fourier), tng t vy, hm mt ph cng
sut tp m cng rng c v 2 pha ca fc v c bin ph l No/2. iu ny cho thy vic
iu ch thc ra nh dch tnh tin (tuyn tnh) ph tn hiu ln mt ph cng sut tp m No
ln tn s fc song bin cng gim 2 ln, b li, b rng ph trn cao tn by gi ca tn
hiu l 2W (v tp m lt trong bng tn hiu vn l Pn = 2W.No/2 = W.No). Nh vy, c th
xem nh mt ph cng sut tp m c c thnh phn tn s m (2 pha) vi bin No/2 v
khi
c
iu
ch
ch
n
thun
l
dch
tnh
tin
ln
fc.
T a) v b) ny sinh hai khi nim: Mt ph cng sut tp m mt pha (ch c phn tn s
dng) vi bin ( ln) l No, b rng ph Wn, thng s dng tnh SNR vi tn
hiu bng gc hay bng gc tng ng; v mt ph cng sut tp m hai pha (c c tn
s dng ln m - i xng quanh tn s 0) vi ln No/2, b rng ph t -Wn n +Wn,
tc l b rng ph 2Wn, thng dng xt vi tn hiu thng di (tn hiu c iu
ch).
Trong bng tn hiu W th mt ph cng sut tp m gn nh l hng s, lm gn ng l
hng s No hay No/2 ty trng hp xt. iu ny gi lin h ti ph nh sng trng (l
tng ca mi sng in t nh sng vi mi bc sng - hay tn s - khc nhau) l hng s
theo trc bc sng lamda hay trc tn s. Tnh cht ph nh vy gi l ph TRNG, nn
c
ci
ch
W
(WHITE).
By gi xt v mt bin ca dng (hay in p ri trn 1 in tr no nh R ca mch
chng hn) tp m. Do n(t) l mt qu trnh ngu nhin nn ti mt thi im quan
trc to no ta s c mt bin ngu nhin l n(to), k hiu l n. Nh ni, n l tng ca
mt s rt ln cc xung dng (hay xung in t) n_i, tng n_i li c nh hng rt yu ti
tng do tng n_i c gi tr rt yu. Theo nh l gii hn trung tm ca Liapunov, n s c
hm mt xc sut xp x c bng hm mt xc sut chun (Gauss) (pht biu
chnh xc ca nh l Liapunov y s ch t lm ri s theo di nn ti s khng ni k).
T y c tnh cht phn b bin ca tp m l phn b CHUN, v do c ch G
(GAUSSIAN). Do chuyn ng nhit l cn bng v mi pha nn trung bnh ca n (l tng
ca cc xung n_i vi gi tr v du m hay dng ngu nhin) s bng 0. Tc l tp m c
bin
phn
b
chun,
k
vng
bng
0.
Trn y l cc hiu bit v tp m nhit c c t quan trc v phn tch vt l. V mt
ton hc p dng trong phn tch h thng, ta bit rng my thu c mt mch lc lc ly
tn hiu, c rng bng lc bng vi rng bng W ca tn hiu. Bt lun tn s sng
mang fc l bao nhiu th cng sut tp m ti li ra Pn (s cho ta tnh c t s cng sut
tn hiu trn cng sut tp m SNR = P/Pn, vi P l cng sut tn hiu), nh trn ni,
cng l No.W. Nh vy, khi l thuc vo tn s fc, ta c th gi nh nh trong my thu
s hon ton khng c tp m (khi phn tch h thng ch cn lm vi tn hiu) v tp m
trong my thu s c quy ra u vo my thu v cng vi tn hiu, vi tp m c m
hnh ton hc l mt ngun tp m c mt ph cng sut tp m mt hay hai pha rng v
hn v c ln l No hay No/2 ty theo xt mt ph cng sut tp m mt hay hai pha
(khi xt tn hiu bng gc hay thng di) - khi ny m hnh tp m s thc s l mt tp m
TRNG.
TM
TT:
Nh vy, tp m nhit c th quy thnh mt ngun tp m u vo my thu, c m
hnh ha l AWGN: CNG vi tn hiu ti u vo my thu (A), c mt ph cng sut l
hng s rng v hn (No hay No/2 ty theo xt bng gc hay cao tn) - tnh cht c mt
ph cng sut TRNG (W), v c bin tp m l bin ngu nhin tun theo phn b
CHUN (G), vit tt l AWG Noise hay AWGN. Ting Vit gi l tp m cng trng chun
hay tp m trng chun cng tnh. y ch l mt m hnh ton hc ch khng phi l tp
m thc s bi tp m c m hnh ha nh th s c cng sut (l din tch ca di bng
di v hn gii hn bi trc tn s v ng N(f) = No, din tch l v hn) bng v hn,
khng
thc
t.
Lu
1. No th hin