1)

- (marginal) . ,
() . ,

(benefit) (price) .
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.
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.

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.
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.

.
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.
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.
.

 ,
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. , .

lim

.
.
- .

.
lim

-
.

- .

1.
- 1 .

2.
- 1

3.

- ln 1 .

ln

4.
- 1 .

5.
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6.
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7. 2
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. .
.
2 . 2 .

- 2 () () () .

() .

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. 1 2

.
.

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.
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.

1.

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) () ()
.
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) 1(first order necessary conditionF.O.C)

) 2(second order sufficient conditionS.O.C)

( ).

2.
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2 .

Exercise

, ?

- () .
, .
- ( ) ( )
. .

- ?
, .

.3)
.
3)
.

-
.
(partial differentiation) .
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. (
.)
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. ( )
.

- (partial derivative) .
, .
-
. ( ) .

- .

Exercise

1. .
2. , , .

(total differential)
- .
- 2 .
? .
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.

- .

. .

- .
.
. .
- .
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- (-) ,

. .

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( , ) .

-
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.

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.

- 2
. .
.
- .
-

. F.O.C .

(1)

(2)

(3)

- . (3) . .
.

. .
-
.

Exercise

.
. .

- .4)
(homogeneous of degree ) .

.

- 1 -(Cobb-Douglas)
.

(, , )

- .

- - 1
.
- - 1 .
- .
- - ,
. -
1 .
.
- .

- -
. .

- .

4) ,
.

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. .
- (homothetic function) .
,
.
-
.
.
-
, .
- .
.

.

- (elasticity) .
.

- .
. , , .

,
.
- , , ,
. .

10

- ( ) ( ) .
- .
.
- .

/

- .

/ 5)

5) (-) .
- . , .

11