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CC SN PHM CH YU
Nh my sn xut, kinh doanh cc sn phm phn bn cha ln, phn hn hp
NPK v cc ho cht cng nghip nh:
- Supe ln.
- NPK cc loi: 5-10-3, 12- 5- 10
- Phn bn c th cho cc loi cy (cy hoa, cy cnh, cy n qu ).
- Axit sunfuric k thut, tinh khit, tinh khit phn tch, axit dng cho
cquy.
- Natri sunfit v bisunfit k thut.
2
III
I.
1. Nguyn liu :
Trc y nguyn liu u vo qung pirit (FeS2). Tuy nhin s dng qung c
nhiu nhc im nh cha nhiu tp cht, i hi nhiu cng on hn ra c
lu hunh cn thit nn hin nay nh my i mi dy chuyn vi nguyn liu
u vo l lu hunh nguyn t nhp ngoi.
Tnh cht chung ca lu hunh nguyn t :
Tnh cht
Dng n t
1,96
2,07
95,6119,3
<95,6
119,3
112,8
45,3
39,4
10,8
9,4
T trng: g/cm3
Phm vi bn nhit: oC
Cal/g
S cng ngh
Nguyn liu
Hi
lu
hunh
Sy
Thit b ha lng
lu hunh
ri vi
Thng lng
Kh H2S, Hi nc
Cn lu hunh
Thng cha
Thit b l
kh nng
x vo hp th
Thng cha DO
Bm
hn
hp k
sau n
S
lng
L t
lu hunh
hn h
x vo b thu Lu hunh
SO3 + Q
Lng axit chy t thp hp th cui v thng cha li tip tc c bm tun hon
ln thp kt thc mt chu trnh. Sau thp hp th cui hn hp kh i vo thit b
kh m hay thp tch git trc khi thi ra ngoi tri qua ng thi kh.
Sn phm ca cc dy chuyn sn xut axit c 5 loi: sn phm axit k thut,
sn phm axit c quy, sn phm axit tinh khit loi P, sn phm axit tinh khit loi
PA u c nng 92,5%; cn sn phm nng 7685% a sang sn xut
supe ln c ch bin qua b phn trn h nng axt t 9598.30.4%
xung 7685%.
4. Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca mt s thit b chnh trong dy chuyn
sn xut axit sunfuric
a. Thp tip xc
- Cu to :
Thp tip xc c chiu cao gn 20m v c hnh tr, ng knh ca thp
D=8000 mm. ng trung tm chu lc lm bng gang chu nhit, cc gi lm
bng thp khng g. Lp xc tc 1 c chiu dy 450mm. Lp 2 c chiu cao
560mm. Chiu cao lp 3 l 500mm; lp 4 v 5 l 700mm. y thp t ng dn
kh ra khi thp.
- Nguyn l lm vic
Thp trc khi vn hnh c gia nhit ton b h thng n khi t c
nhit ti u cho xc tc hot ng hay gi l nhit hot tnh xc tc. Hn hp
kh SO2 t lc gi nng i vo nh thp v c b phn chp nn phn tn u
trn mt ca lp 1. Hn hp kh mt ln na c lm sch khi i qua lp thch
anh trn mt lp 1. Hn hp kh sau lp 1 c trao i nhit trc tip vi khng
kh kh qua h thng van t ng. Hn hp kh tip tc a v nhit hot tnh
xc tc v vo lp 2. Sau hn hp kh c dn ra ngoi thp vo thit b trao
i nhit h nhit xung nhit hot tnh xc tc v a tr li thp vo lp
3. Qua lp 3 hn hp kh li tip tc trao i nhit gin tip vi khng kh kh a
nhit v nhit hot tnh xc tc vo lp 4. Sau lp 4 hn hp kh li tip
tc trao i nhit gin tip vi khng kh kh a v nhit hot tnh xc tc. Kh
ra khi lp 5 ch yu l hn hp SO3. Cc h thng van iu chnh lu lng kh
hon ton t ng iu khin qua h thng t trc trn phng iu khin.
- Nhng s c thng gp ca thp tip xc v cch khc phc
Ng c xc tc: Khi nhit ca cc lp xc tc v nhit ca hn hp
kh khng t tiu chun ca nhit hat tnh xc tc th s xy ra hin
11
- Cu to
L t lu hunh c cu to hnh tr nm ngang, c t trn 5 gi di ng kiu
con ln, bn ngoi l c bc bng lp v nhm. Chiu di ton thn l 14.230
mm; chiu di thn tr bung trc 6.800mm; chiu di thn tr bung gia
2.000mm; chiu di thn tr bung sau 1.780mm; chiu di phn cn 883mm. L c
ng knh v 3956mm; ng knh trong ca l 3.000mm. Th tch lm vic 81m3.
- Nguyn l lm vic
Lu hunh t thng cha c nhit 140 145 0C c bm lu hunh cp vo
vi phun lu hunh. Ban u l c gia nhit bng du DO ln nhit 950 1000
o
C. Ti nhit ny, lu hunh c vi phun phun vo trong l dng sng m
cng vi khng kh kh s t chy v sinh nhit. Nhit sinh ca qu trnh chy lu
hunh trong khng kh s duy tr hot ng lin tc ca l m khng cn cp du
DO.
Lu lng lu hunh vo l c iu khin t ng qua h thng iu khin
DCS ti van iu chnh qua tn hiu lu lng. Lu lng khng kh cp vo l c
iu khin qua h thng van trn ng khng kh v van b sung.
Kh t l ra c nhit t 1000 1050 oC v nng SO2 10 - 11% th tch qua
ni hi nhit tha. Kh i qua ni hi c gim nhit xung cn 430 420 0C.
Trong qu trnh lm vic khi nhit sau ni hi khng t 430 420 0C th van i
tt 1 ni hi c m ra nng nhit ca kh trc khi vo lc gi nng.
d. Ni hi
- Cu to
Thn ni hnh tr c kch thc 2300 x 25 x 7000 mm. Bn trong l cc ng la
gm 421 ng 63,5 x 4. Thn ni c ni vi hp kh vo v hp kh ra. Cc hp kh
u c bo v bng gch chu la.
- Hiu sut: 88%
- Th tch cha hi: 3,7 m3
- Th tch cha nc: 16 m3
- Nguyn l lm vic
Nc mm c cp qua bnh kh kh ui khng kh v nng nhit ln
100 0C vo ni qua h thng bm cao p. Nc trao i nhit vi kh t l t qua
13
CC VN MI TRNG
1. Cht thi kh
Dy chuyn sn xut axit to ra cc thnh phn gy nhim dng kh nh:
a. Kh SO2
Lng kh thi ny ph thuc trc tip vo hiu sut chuyn ha SO 2 thnh SO3
tc l ph thuc trc tip vo s bc tip xc, lng cht xc tc s dng, nhit
v p sut, nng SO2 v oxy c trong kh cng nghip. Vi cng ngh v thit b
nh hin nay hiu sut chuyn ho khong 98,6% tc s c khong 4- 4,5kg SO 2/tn
axit thi ra mi trng d vn nm trong tiu chun cho php.
b. Kh SO3- m axit.
Ton b lng m axit thot ra t x nghip ni chung u t cc thp hp th.
M axit c hnh thnh khi SO3 kt hp vi hi nc nhit thp hn im
sng ca SO3. N c hnh thnh ngay trong dy chuyn cng ngh v cc ht
ma axit ny bn v ch mt phn nh c gi li trong thit b.
Khi sn xut ch yu l axit c nh Oleum; monohirat axit cng nh hng
ln ti s pht thi m axit. N lm tng hm lng cc ht m axit v rt kh thu
hi. Ti lng m axit hin nay ca x nghip l khong 0,2 - 0,5kg/tn axit.
Ngoi ra cn c hi lu hunh sinh ra trong qu trnh ha lng, hi H2S
14
I.
Giai on 2:
Giai on th II c bt u sau khi tiu hao ton b lng Axt H 2SO4( sau khi supe
t thng trn xung ha thnh (khong 20-40 pht) Khuch tn axit photphoric to thnh
vo trong cc mao qun ca nhng ht apatit khng phn hy. Axt H3PO4 c to thnh
giai on I tip tc phn hy Apatt theo phn ng :
Ca5F(PO4)3 + 7H3PO4 + 5H2O = 5 Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O + HF
18
- mn ht qung
Qung cng mn th b mt ring cng ln, do tc phn hy cng nhanh.
Tuy nhin nu qung qu mn th chi ph cho vic sy nghin s tn km nh hng
ti gi thnh.
- Cng khuy trn
Vic khuy trn lm mt kh nng bo ha cc b, to s tip xc pha tt hn, do
tng cng khuy trn s tng tc phn ng. Nhng khi khuy trn mnh qu
th s c xt gia qung v axit km i gim hiu sut phn ng. Gia cng
khuy trn v mn c mi lin h cht ch vi nhau.
- Thi gian lu ca bt st trong thng trn
Thi gian lu ca bn st trong thng trn ty thuc vo thnh phn ca qung
v nng axit a vo phn hy (thnh phn pha lng ngay lc bt u tc dng)
v c khng ch bng tm chn thng trn.
Thi gian lu li khng ln trnh cho vic bn c st lm mt linh ng.
- supe photphat kho
Supe photphat ct t phng ha thnh(supe ti) ra c cha 1 lng apatit cha
phn hy. S phn hy tip theo gia apatit v H3PO4 vn tip tc xy ra vi tc
gim dn. Qua nhiu ngy supe trong kho h s phn hy s tng ln. Trong qu
trnh supe ta tin hnh vic o trn, nh ti supe nhm mc ch :
Lm ngui supe n nhit thch hp
Hi nc v kh Flo d thot ra lm gim m ca supe v h nhit .
Supe c trn u, ti, xp v ng nht hn do tnh cht vt l ca
supe c tng ln.
- Trung ha supe photphat
Supe ti ra khi phng ha thnh cn cha 1 lng H 3PO4 t do ng vi hm
lng P2O5 t do trong supe t 10,5 12,5% khi lng, s tn ti H 3PO4 trong supe
lm cho sn phm c tnh ht m lm nh hng xu n tnh cht vt l ca sn
phm, lm n mn, ph hy phng tin vn chuyn n. gim lng axit t do
ny ngi ta tin hnh trung ha supe. Ngi ta c th trung ha supe bng bt
20
21
Khi
Bi
L t
X
Nguyn liu
Qut thi
Than
Qut ht sau sy
Lng bi t
B phn tch git
My nghin bi
Xyclone nhm 6
Ting n, bi
Phn ly c hc
Bunke bt apatit
Thng cao v
cha nc
Thng cao v
cha H2SO4
Thng hn hp
Kh Flo, nc thi
Phng ha thnh
Kho cha Photphat
a. Cng on sy nghin
- Cng on sy nghin s b
Than v qung apatit t trong kho c cu trc kho apatit mc ln cc bunke
cha ca h thng my cung cp xch, t cc bunke cha than v qung c
nh lng theo nng sut qung cn sy ri c h thng bng ti xch vn chuyn
xung h thng bng ti cao su.
22
Kh ra khi xyclon nhm 6 qua qut ht. Kh ra khi qut ht chia lm 2 ng,
1/3 lng kh c a tr li my nghin bi, 2/3 lng kh cn li c a qua
thit b si bt lm sch kh trc khi phng khng. Bt apatit lng ti si bt c
dn ra ao tun hon thu hi apatit v tun hon nc si bt.
b. Cng on iu ch Supe photphat
- iu ch v trung ha Supe ti t I
Qung apatit nguyn khai sau sy nghin c m 1,53% v c ht 95% qua
sng 0,16mm v qung tuyn sau sy, sng (hay nghin) c m 1014% v kch
thc c ht 0,774mm c vn chuyn vo bunke trung gian b phn iu ch.
Axit sunfuric c nng t 75-77% c bm t kho cha axit v x nghip
supe v cha 3 thng cha ln. T thng cha axit c bm ln thng cao v,
y c b tr 1 ng ng chy trn duy tr mc axit khng i trong thng cao
v.
Nc cng nghip c bm thng t phn xng nc sang thng cha cao v.
Theo cng ngh hin ti iu ch th nng axit vo thng trn nm trong
khong 7074% nh vy phi dng nc pha long axit, mt khc cng phi iu
chnh lu lng axit long vo thng trn m bo nng sut axit theo ng t
l L:R. Qu trnh pha long v iu khin lu lng axit c lin quan cht ch vi
nhau, khi thay i lu lng nc pha long t nng C% th dn n nng
sut thay i v ngc li khi thay i lu lng axit dn n nng thay i.
t c yu cu ta s dng cc thit b sau :
Mt van cu in kh iu khin gc m v cp trn ng ng dn nc t
thng cao v n ng pha long.
Mt van cu in kh iu khin gc m v cp trn on ng ng dn
axit t thng cao v n ng pha long
Lp t cc thit b bo mc axit, mc nc ti cc thng cao v v a v
ch th ti h thng
Lp t thit b iu khin van nc. Thit b ny thu nhn tn hiu nng
x l v a ra tn hiu iu khin gc m van thch hp, m bo nng
n nh theo yu cu, c th iu chnh theo lut PID.
25
ra. Flo thu c trong phng v thp hp th dng H2SiF6, hiu sut hp th Flo
trong hn hp kh ti h thng hp th khng t hn 98%.
Kh sau khi i ra khi thp hp th i qua qut ht ri thi ra ngoi qua ng khi.
Axit H2SiF6 thu c t h thng hp th c a sang b phn sn xut Na2SiF6.
Trong trng hp sn xut Na2SiF6 t th H2SiF6 c trung ha bng sa vi trc
khi thi b.
Vi c ch bng cng nng t x nghip NPK 1 n x nghip supe c
thnh ng, sau c ti trong thng nh h thng nc v hi nc, sa vi sau
khi ti c khuy u ri c nh lng trung ha nc thi khu iu ch v
khu sn xut Na2SiF6 trc khi thi.
Cc phn ng xy ra ti b phn trung ha :
CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl = CaCl2 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 = CaSO4 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + H2SiF6 = CaSiF6 + H2O
c. Sn xut Na2SiF6
Kh HF c tch ra trong phng ho thnh trong qu trnh phn hu apatit c
hp th, c chuyn ho thnh axit H2SiF6.
Axit H2SiF6 nng 8 12% trong hai b hp th c a vo b iu chnh
mc nc v bm li tm bm vo b lng SiO 2. Ti b lng axit H2SiF6 c bm
ln thng cao v.
Mui n c pha long thnh dung dch mui c nng 20% c bm ln
thng cao v mui. Bt u thc hin qu trnh phn ng bng cch m van cho dung
dch mui vo. Thi gian cho dung dch mui vo 10 15 pht. Sau khi cho kt
dung dch mui vo thng phn ng tip tc khuy kt thc qu trnh phn ng v
thc hin qu trnh lng sn phm. My khuy trn lm vic trong thng phn ng
lm tng tc phn ng v kch thc ca ht khong 10 pht. Sau cho my
khuy dng v lng Natriflosilicat. Natriflosilicat lng xung y cn phn nc
ci bn trn l axit HCl v nc. Dung dch HCl c tho vo thng nc thi.
Cht huyn ph Natriflosilicat c ra sch HCl v SiO 2 chuyn vo my lc li tm
ng. Thi gian lng sn phm ph thuc vo chiu cao ca thng phn ng (tc
lng tinh th l 3m/h). Sau thi gian lng kt ta 15 30 pht th m van x nc t
29
c kch thc (2350 x 1600 mm). Sn phm sau khi sng c phn thnh 2 sn
phm; phn di sng l sn phm supe t tiu chun cht lng (<10 mm ) c
bng ti vn chuyn ra kho ngoi v c cu trc mc ra kho x nghip ng
Bao ng bao xut bn. Phn cc to trn sang ln xung cc ga u sng vo my
nghin trc , ti y cc cc c kch thc 10 mm c nghin nh ri qua hp ga
sau nghin xung my nh tung ln 2 v c p nh , sn phm u my nh
tung c cu trc mc mc cp cho XN ng bao ng bao xut bn, hay mc
ln bun ke cp sn phm cho XN NPK 1&3.
Sn phm supe ln sau khi c o trn, trung ho t cc tiu chun k thut
v (P2O5 hu hiu, P2O5 t do, H2O. gc SO42-) , sau khi c qua sn rung mt
lui phn loi sn phm , sn phm trn sng c cu trc vn chuyn vo
bun ke my nghin xch nghin nh supe. Ti y cc cc c kch thc 10 mm
c nghin nh nh lc ly tm, ri qua hp ga sau my nghin xch, sn phm u
my nghin c cu trc mc mc cp cho XN ng bao ng bao xut bn, hay
mc ln bun ke cp sn phm cp cho XN NPK.
Supe sau khi , o trn, nh tung , sng, nghin , ng quy trnh, kim tra t
cht lng theo tiu chun quy nh mi c xut bn. Hin nay supe c ng
trong bao PP c trng lng 50 kg/ bao sau c bc vc ln t hay tu ho v
c vn chuyn i tiu th.
5. Cc thit b chnh
a. Thng sy quay
- Cu to :
Thng sy cu to hnh tr rng c lm bng thp tm chiu dy 10mm c
ta trn bn con ln nh hai vnh ai bng thp c. Thng sy c nghing 3 40
so vi mt phng nm ngang. cho thng khng b tri ln hoc xung ngi ta b
tr cc con ln chn cnh vnh ai trt. Thng sy chuyn ng c nh ng c
in truyn lc gin tip sang bnh rng ln ca thng sy.
Bn trong thng sy, pha u lp ghp cc cnh thp v c tc dng hng
qung vo thng di khong 1m. Tip n l cnh phn phi qut hnh lng mo. Cui
cng l on cnh o hnh sao theo tit din ngang trn cnh sao c lp ghp nhiu
cnh o ph.
- c tnh k thut :
- c tnh k thut
34
II.
CC VN MI TRNG
1. Nguyn liu
Supe photphat
Loi sn phm 16% P2O5 hu hiu.
m 10%.
Hnh thc: ti xp.
Sunphat Amon (NH4)2SO4 (SA)
Hm lng N: 20-21%.
m 1,5%.
36
Hnh thc: dng tinh th rn, kh ri, mu vng nht hoc xm, rt d b ht m v
ng rn. Trng hp b ng cc, chy nc th phi phn tch li hm lng v
x l p, nghin, sang.
Kali clorua KCl
Hm lng K2O: 60%
m 1%
C ht 0.5-1mm
Hnh thc: dng tinh th hoc trng.
Ure CO(NH2)2 (cacbamit)
Hm lng N: 45-46%
m 1%
C ht 1-2.5mm
Hnh thc: dng vin, mu trng c. Ure mi trng bnh thng d ht m
v b thy phn. Trng hp b ng cc, chy nc th phi phn tch li hm
lng v x l.
Di Amon photphat (NH4)2HPO4 (DAP)
Hm lng N: 17-18%. Hm lng P2O5 48-50%
m 2%.
Hnh thc: dng ht mu nu sm hay xm . DAP b tn tht Amoniac nhit
70oC v chuyn thnh Mono Amon photphat (MAP)
Mono Amon photphat NH4H2PO4 (MAP)
Hm lng N: 9-12%. Hm lng P2O5 48-50%
m 2%.
Hnh thc: dng bt mn mu trng. MAP l hp cht kh bn vng 100-110oC,
khng b phn hy v tht thot Amoniac.
Ph gia
Bt apatit, ph sa, lmit, secpentin, bt vi
2. Nhin Liu
- Du FO
- Mn ca.
3. Dy chuyn sn xut
S :
Nguyn Liu
Kim tra
V vin, to ht
37
Sy
Lm ngui,
Kim
Sngng
tra bao
Lu kho
a. Cng on chnh
- Cng on cp liu:
Amoni, ure v supe ln i ring mt bng ti, amoni clorua, ln nung chy i
bng bng ti khc khi lng c thit b cn trn bng pht tn hiu v phng
iu khin.
Nguyn liu c vo bng tng hp ri rt thng vo thng trn trn u
vi nhau trc khi sang my v vin a.
- Cng on sy
Thng sy bng thp hnh tr nm ngang, di 22m, rng 2,8m, t nghing 2
. Tc quay 3v/p, nng sut 50 tn/h.
Cc ht NPK c m 8-10% c a vo my sy thng quay lm vic
theo nguyn l xui chiu, tc nhn sy l ngun kh nng 200-400C. Nh thng
quay t nghing, bn trong lp cnh o nn sn phm c o u, sy kh v
dch chuyn dn v cui thng sy. Ra khi thng sy sn phm t m t 24%. Dng kh nng sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm xung tm 110C th i
vo chum cyclone 8, bi tun hon to ht, dng kh qua thit b x l si bt
khng kh sch thi ra ngoi.
- Cng on ng bao, vn hnh bng ti di ng.
Sn phm NPK sau khi qua thit b lm ngui i vo xilo thnh phm c
ng gi v nh lng t ng.
b. Cc cng on khc
- Cng on cp ln
38
- Cng on v vin to ht
- Cng on t du FO
- Cng on sng rung
- Cng on nghin cc
- Cng on lm ngui
4. Mt s thit b chnh
Cc thit b chnh ca X nghip NPK s 2:
- My v vin a: ng knh a: <D 5600. Chiu cao thnh a H 650.
dy 12 mm. Thnh dy 10 mm. Gc nghing a 48.Tc a quay:
11 v/ph. Nng sut: 12,5 T/h (i vi 1 a).
- L t du FO: V = 20,4 m3.ng knh 0 2552, chiu di L 5140.Nng
sut t: 200 - 400 kg/h.Lu lng khng kh cp vo vi phun: 6000
Nm3/h.
- My sy thng quay
- My lm ngui thng quay: kiu thng quay nm nghing 3. Bn trong
c gn cc cnh o ng knh <D 2200. Chiu di L 14000. Nng sut:
30 T/h.
- Bng cp liu nh lung.
- My ng bao t ng v my khu bao.
- Xyclon chm 8: ng knh: 0 750.Nng sut: 40.000 - 50.000 m3/h.
Kch thc: 3540x2900x7400.
II.
CC VN MI TRNG
2.Gii php x l:
- Sn phm v nguyn liu c vn chuyn bng ng st v ng b
39
hnh bng cch lm lnh t ngt bng nc, c trc mc vo phu cha, nh
h thng bng ti a vo bi ro. Bn thnh phm c cu trc mc vo phu
theo bng ti i vo my sy thng quay (600- 700C) sau khi ra bn thnh phm
c m <1% sn xut ln nghin hoc ln ht.
b Cc qu trnh ha l xy ra trong l cao
C th chia t nh l xung y l lm 4 khu vc:
- Khu vc sy phi liu -nh l: nhit c khng ch trong khong
150- 700C. Khi nhit >650 secpentin bt u b phn hy:
3MgO.2SiO2 2MgO.SiO2 + MgOSiO2 + 2H2O
- Khu v phn gii mui cacbonat: nhit 730- 920C, xy ra phn ng
phn gii mui cacbonat v hon nguyn kim loi Fe, Ni.
NiO + CO Ni + CO2
Fe2O3 + 3C 2Fe + 3CO (800C)
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
V t trng Fe, Ni ln hn rt nhiu so vi t trng phi liu nn chng b lng
xung thnh x gang niken.
- Khu vc ha mm v chy lng: nhit 1200C th qung bt u chy.
Ti y oxi khng kh v than chy mnh hn:
Phn ng chnh: C + O2 CO2 + Q
Phn ng ph:
C + H2O CO + H2 Q
V phn ng kh F hon nguyn Ni, P
- Khu vc qu nhit nm tm mt gi tr xung, nhit khong
1200-1300, ln tng thi lng, rt linh ng c tho bi hai ca ra
liu lm lnh t ngt ri ti nhanh bawngf nc c p lc cao. Bn
thnh phm dng v nh hnh c y v b toi, tan tt trong axit
xitric 2%.
II
CC VN MI TRNG
1 Cht thi kh
- CO, CO2 trng qu trnh t nhin liu.
- Kh HF, H2S trong qu trnh t nhin liu l cao.
Cc kh ny c hi vi mi trng v sc khe con ngi. x lyd hn hp kh
thi c a qua thp phn ly bi, kh c tip tc hp th bng dung dch sa
vi, lng cn xung b cha. kh thi tip tc c qua thp tch nc ri tha ra
mi trng.
2 Cht thi rn
Ch yu l qung mn di c 0,25 -0,35 tn/ tn phn bn, sinh ra trong qu trnh
p sng nguyn liu trc khi cho vo l cao. a phn c quay li hon
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PHN 5: X NGHIP X L NC
I
B gom
B iu ha
B aroten
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B lng
B kh trng
Nc sch
B phn hy bn
Chn lp
II
CC VN NHIM MI TRNG CA X NGHIP NC
X nghip nc x l nc thi cho nh my m bo lng nc ra t chun
mi trng v thnh phn v pH.
Cht thi rn ca x nghip l bn p kh mang i chn lp.
Sau thi gian thc tp trong Cng ty Supe pht phat v ho cht Lm Thao, qua
vic tm hiu v thu thp thng tin t cc x nghip sn xut ca cng ty, em c mt
s nhn xt v hin trng mi trng ca Cng ty Supe pht phat v ho cht Lm
Thao nh sau:
Tnh trng nhim mi trng ca Cng ty Supe pht phat v ho cht Lm
Thao khng cn l vn mi m. Mc d ngay t khi bt u i vo hot
ng vic i mi cng ngh v thit b c quan tm nhng hin trng
mi trng vn l mt vn ng lo ngi ca ban lnh o cng ty v ngi
dn xung quanh.
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Lng nc thi sinh hot ca ton Cng ty Supe pht phat v ho cht Lm
Thao khong 200 - 250m3/ngy. Tp trung ch yu l nh n, cn li l ti cc nh
v sinh ca cng ty qua x l bng b t hoi 3 ngn. Tuy nhin lng nc thi
ny cha c x l v c thi trc tip ra sng Hng.
3. X l cht thi rn
Cc cht thi rn trong dy chuyn cng ngh u c thu gom tun hon bng
cc h thng xyclon v lc t. Lng cht thi ny khng ln.
Lng cht thi rn sinh hot gm bao b, giy, nilon, cc cht hu c c
thi ra t sinh hot ca cc cn b cng nhn vin trong nh my. Lng cht thi
rn ny khong ~1tn/ngy. Nhng cht thi ny hin nay bin php x l ca nh
my ch yu l chn lp
III
MT S XUT V VN MI TRNG
KT LUN
Trn y l bn bo co thc tp k thut ti Cng ty Supephotphat v ho cht
Lm Thao. N em li cho sinh vin mt ci nhn tng quan v mi trng, v
nhng vn nhim mi trng, v cng ngh x l nhim... trong cc x
nghip, nh my. T , ta nhn thy rng x l mi trng i vi mt doanh
nghip phi gn lin vi cc mc tiu v kinh t, i hi nhng k s mi trng
tng lai phi nm vng c dy chuyn cng ngh, s vn chuyn ca cc dng
vt cht... t c th thit k ra nhng dy chuyn v p dng cc bin php x l
nhim nhm gim thiu ti a tc hi, bo v sc kho con ngi v gi cho mi
trng lun xanh, sch, p.
Bn bo co ca em c thc hin da trn nhng thng tin thu thp c trong
qu trnh thc tp ti Lm Thao. Em rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy c
cho bi bo co ny em c th hon thnh tt t thc tp v c thm nhiu kin
thc b ch gip cho qu trnh hc tp v cng tc ca em sau ny.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
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