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co
Si I2 P4 Rb
n.
SiC LiBr
io
(NH4)3PO4
at
Si
I2
uc
P4
Rb
ed
SiC
LiBr
hi
ks
(NH4)3PO4
a
.s
CsCl Cs+Cl-Cs+
1
-
ABABAB....
m
ABCABCABC....
co
n.
io
i=81/8 =1
at
ii=61/2 =3
(z) =1+3 =4
uc
ed
1
6 3
2
1 3 4
hi
ks
=81/8 =1
1 1 1
a
1 1 2
.s
104ohm-1m-1
w
NaCl, KCl,CsCl,AgBr
2
m
co
n.
io
AgCl,AgBr,AgI
at
uc
ed
hi
a ks
.s
w
w
w
3
F-
F-
F-
F
m
NaClNa-NaCl
co
n.
Fe,Cr,Ni,Gd,CrO2
io
at
uc
O2,NO,Na
ed
hi
Fe3O4,MgFe2O4,ZnFe2O4
a ks
.s
MnO
w
w
X-
X-X-1.010-10m
4
co
n.
io
a =2rr
at
=(2r)3 = 8r3
4
3
uc
r
3
ed
4 3
r
3 3 100 52.36%
8r
hi
ks
4r
a
.s
3
=2
w
4
w
3
2 r
3
w
3
3 4r 64r 3
a
3 3 3
5
100
4
2 r3
3 100 68%
64r 3
3 3
m
FCC a 2 2r
co
4
n.
3
4 r a 3 2 2r
3
3
io
3
a 3 2 2r
at
uc
ed
4
4 r 3 100 16 r 3 100
3
3 74%
hi
3 3
2 2r 2 2r
ks
P,Q Q P
P,Q
a
Q
.s
=81/8 =1
p=11 =1
w
P Q= 1 : 1
w
PQ
w
=2
PQ
r R r R
ABC
6
AC 2 AB 2 BC 2
2 2 2
2R R r R r
2
2 R r
2
4R2 2 R r r 2R R
2 2
2R R r
2
r
2 1 R
2R R r
2
r 1.414 1 R
m
2R R r r 0.414 R
co
n.
io
at
uc
ed
hi
ks
.s
IIIAVA
w
Si GeIIIAn-
w
D H u ^ xx p- n-
Ok
w
In Ge B Si
p-
IIIA
IIIASiGe p-
Ni0.98O1.00 Ni2+,Ni3+
NiONiO= 1 : 1
Ni(III)Ni(II)x
7
Ni(II)= 0.98 -x
Ni(II)=
2 (0.98 -x ) +3x =2
1.96-2x+3x =2, x= 0.04
0.04
4.01%
m
0.98
Ni(II) =100 - 4.01 = 95.99%
co
34. = 0.144 nm)
n.
fcc
a 2 2r
io
r 0.144 nm
at
a 2 2 0.144 2 1.414 0.144 0.407 nm
uc
ed
hi
a ks
.s
w
w
w
m
co
n.
io
NaCl, 110-3 SrCl2
at
SrCl2 NaClSr+2Na+Na+
uc
NaCl= 110-3
1103
ed
105
100
105 6.023 1023 6.023 1018
hi
ks
X-
a
A
.s
AD
w
DB+BC)
w
BBC
n n=1,2,3,....
w
(DB+BC)
n DB BC n
AB d
DB BC d sin
DB BC 2d sin
n 2d sin
9
m
co
n.
d
io
at
uc
ed
= M
= N0
hi
= Z
ks
= a
a
= a3 (=V)
.s
M
N
w
ZM
w
Z N
0
w
ZM / N 0 ZM
3
a N 0a3
a3 N 0
M
Z
10
fcc 4.0710-8cm 10.5 gcm-3
d= 10.5g/cm3, a= 4.0710-8cm
Z=4
NA= 6.0231023
d a3 N A
M
Z
3
10.5 4.07 10 8 6.023 1023
m
4
co
10.5 67.767 1024 6.023 1023
107.09 gm / mole
4
n.
8.55g cm3
93U
io
3
at
a
uc 4
(a)
= 93g / mole
(Z) = 2
ed
ZM 2 93 23
N 6.023 10 23 30.89 10
hi
d 8.55 / cm 2
ks
=
a
30.89 1023
a3 36.16 1024 cm3
.s
8.55
1
w
3
r a
w
3
3.31 108 1.43 108 cm 143 pm
4
fcc 3.61 108 cm
8.92 g / cm3
ZM
d a 3 N
A
11
a 3.61 108 cm; Z 4; M 63.5
4 63.5
d 8.97 g / cm3
8 3
3.6110 6.023 10 23
8.92 g / cm 3
m
2
Fe+3
3
co
2 2
1
3 3
n.
Fe2/3OFe2O3
44. 125pm
io
at
1.00cm3
(r) = 125 pm
uc
a
Fcc r
2 2
ed
3
a3 353.5 1010 442 1025 cm3
ks
1
2.26 1022
a
25
4.42 10
.s
12
m
co
n.
X-
io
A
at
AD
DB+BC)
uc
BBC
n n=1,2,3,....
ed
(DB+BC)
n DB BC n
hi
AB d
ks
DB BC d sin
DB BC 2d sin
a
n 2d sin
.s
w
w
w
13
m
co
n.
d
io
at
uc
ed
hi
a ks
.s
w
w
w
14