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(Edu - Joshuatly.com) Pahang JUJ 2012 SPM Chemistry (DC3C22D8) PDF
(Edu - Joshuatly.com) Pahang JUJ 2012 SPM Chemistry (DC3C22D8) PDF
2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2
Which of the following would increase the rate of production of hydrogen gas?
Manakah antara pernyataan berikut meningkatkan kadar penghasilan hydrogen gas.
2 Which of the following can be used to determine the rate of the reaction?
Manakah antara pernyataan berikut dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar tindak
balas?
A I and II only
I dan II sahaja
B III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
C I, II and III only
I,II dan III sahaja
D II,III and IV only
II,III dan IV sahaja
(18/2003)
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3 Table 4 shows the total volume of gas collected at regular intervals in a reaction.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu gas yang dikumpul pada sela masa dalam suatu
tindak balas.
Time/s
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Masa/s
Volume of the gas/cm3
0.0 2.0 3.7 5.2 6.4 7.3 8.6 8.6
isipadu gas/ cm3
Which of the following are produced when 1 mole of hydrogen peroxide is decomposed
completely?
Manakah antara berikut yang akan terhasil apabila 1 mol hydrogen peroksida diuraikan
dengan lengkap?
(1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition; Avogadros Constant: 6.0 x 1023 mol-1
1 mol gas memenuhi 24 dm3 pada suhu bilik: Avogadros constant: 6.0 x 1023 mol-1)
I 2 mole of water
2 mol air
II 12 dm3 of oxygen gas
12 dm3 oksigen gas
III 3 x 1023 of water molecules
3 x 1023 molekul air
IV 1.2 x 1024 of water molecules
1.2 x 1024 molekul air
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A I and III only
I dan III sahaja
B I and IV only
I dan IV sahaja
C II and III only
II dan III sahaja
D II and IV only
II dab IV sahaja
(48/2003)
5 The rate of reaction for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide decreases with the time
because
Kadar tindak balas untuk penguraian hydrogen peroksida berkurangan dengan masa
kerana
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6 An experiment is carried out to study the rate of reaction between marble and
hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji tentang kadar tindak balas antara marmar
dengan asid hidroklorik bagi menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida
Experiment Substances
Ekperimen Bahan
Excess marble and 50.00 cm of 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
3
I
Marmar berlebihan dan 50.00 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2 mol dm-3
Excess marble and 100.00 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
II
Marmar berlebihan dan 100.00 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1 mol dm-3
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7 The reaction between hydrochloric acid and zinc produces hydrogen gas. The reaction is
complete in 50 seconds and the maximum volume of gas produced is 25 cm3. What is the
average rate of the reaction?
Tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dan zink menghasilkan hydrogen gas. Tindak balas
ini lengkap dalam masa 50 saat dan isipadu gas yang terhasil ialah sebanyak 25 cm3.
Apakah kadar tindak balas purata dalam tindak balas ini?
8 The table shows the mass of sulphur trioxide formed at different temperatures during the
Contact process.
Jadual menunjukkan jisim sulfur trioksida yang terhasil semasa proses Sentuh pada suhu
yang berlainan.
Temperature/oC
300 400 500 600
Suhu/ oC
Mass of suphur trioxide/kg
350 200 120 100
Jisim sulfur trioksida/kg
Time taken
5 hours 2 hours 6 minutes 9 minutes
Masa
o
A 300 C
o
B 400 C
o
C 500 C
o
D 600 C
(46/2004)
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9 The diagram shows the energy profile of a reaction. Ea is the activation energy for this
reaction
Gambar rajah menunjukkan profil tenaga bagi suatu tindak balas. Ea adalah tenaga
pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini.
A Temperature
Suhu
B Catalyst
Mangkin
C Concentration
Kepekatan
D Total surface area
Jumlah luas permukaan
(12/2005)
A The collision where its energy is less than the activation energy
Perlanggaran yang tenaganya kurang dari tenaga pengaktifan
B The collision that has a low energy
Perlanggaran yang berlaku mempunyai tenaga yang rendah
C The collision which takes place before a reaction
Perlanggran yang berlaku sebelum sesuatu tindak balas
D The collision that causes a reaction
Perlanggran yang menghasilkan tindak balas.
(13/2005)
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11. The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to determine the rate of
the reaction between thiosulphate and sulphuric acid.
Gambar rajah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar
tindak balas antara natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfuric.
Which of the following combination of conditions take a shortest time for the mark X to
disappear from sight?
Antara kombinasi keadaan berikut yang manakah mengambil masa paling singkat untuk
tanda X hilang daripada penglihatan?
Sulphuric Sodium
acid thiosulphate solution
o
Volume Concentration Volume Concentration Temperature/ C
/cm3 /mol dm-3 /cm3 /mol dm-3
A 10 1.0 50 0.5 30
B 10 1.0 50 0.5 40
C 10 0.5 50 0.5 30
D 20 0.5 40 0.5 40
(45/2005)
12. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a catalyst?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan ciri-ciri mangkin?
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13. In an experiment, the decomposition of 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrogen peroxide
solution produces oxygen gas.
Dalam satu eksperimen, penguraian 25 cm3 larutan hydrogen peroksida 0.1 mol dm-3
menghasilkan gas oksigen. Graf isipadu gas osigen melawan masa dilukis dan lengkung
P diperoleh.
If experiment is repeated using another solution, which solution will produce curve Q?
Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan larutan lain, larutan manakah yang
akan menghasilkan lengkung Q?
14. The following statements are related to the collision theory of a reaction.
Antara pernyataan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan teori perlanggaran tindak balas.
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15. Which of the following combinations is true about the effect of the rise in temperature on
the reactant particles?
Antara kombinasi berikut, yang manakah benar tentang kesan peningkatan suhu ke atas
zarah bahan tindak balas?
A I and II only
I dan II sahaja
B II and III only
II dan III sahaja
C III and IV only
III dan IV sahaja
D I and IV only
I dan IV sahaja
(30/2006)
16. If you want to cook 100 potatoes within a short time, which is the most suitable method?
Jika anda ingin memasak 100 biji tomato dengan masa yang singkat, manakah kaedah
yang paling sesuai digunakan?
17. Which of the following reactants produces the highest rate of the reaction with zinc
powder?
Manakah antara bahan tindak balas berikut yang menghasilkan kadar tindak balas
tertinggi apabila bertindak balas dengan serbuk zink?
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18. The reaction between zinc, Zn and hydrochloric acid, HCl is represented by the following
equation.
A student wants to determine the rate of the reaction in a school laboratory. Which of the
following methods is the most suitable?
Tindak balas antara zink, Zn dengan acid hydroklorik, HCl diwakili oleh persamaan
berikut.
Seorang murid ingin menentukan kadar tindak balas itu di makmal sekolah. Antara
kaedah berikut yang manakah sesuai?
19. Diagram 11 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the rate of
reaction.
Rajah 11 menunjukan susunan radas bagi ekperimen bagi menentukan kadar tindak
balas.
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20. Which of the following techniques is the most suitable to determine the rate of reaction?
Antara teknik berikut, yang manakah paling sesuai untuk menentukan kadar tindak
balas?
21. Which is the following is the correct match of a low rate of reaction and a high of
reaction?
Antara padanan berikut, yang manakah betul tentang tindak balas yang mempunyai
kadar tindak balas rendah dan kadar tindak balas tinggi?
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22. Table 2 shows the volume of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, collectrd in the reaction between
limestone powder and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Jadual 2 menunjukan isipadu gas carbon dioxide, CO2 yang dikumpul dalam tindak
balas antara serbuk batu kapur dan acid hidroklorik cair.
Time/minute
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Masa/minit
Volumeof CO2/cm3
0.0 4.5 7.5 10.0 12.5 14.5 16.0 17.0
Isipadu CO2/cm3
Table 2
Jadual 2
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24. Which of the following is a characteristic of a catalyst?
Antara yang berikut adalah ciri suatu catalyst?
A. Rusting
Pengaratan
B. Respiration
Respirasi
C. Combustion
Pembakaran
D. Photosynthesis
Fotosintesis
(1/2009)
26. In which in the chemical reaction can the rate be determined by measuring the changes in
the gas volume?
Antara tindak balas kimia berikut,yang manakah mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang
boleh ditentukan dengan mengukur perubahan isipadu gas?
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27. When the temperature of a reacting mixture increases, the rate of reaction increases.
Which statement explains why the rate of reaction increases?
Apabila suhu campuran bahan tindak balas meningkat, kadar tindak balas meningkat.
Penyataan manakah yang menerangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas meningkat?
28. Table 6 shows the total volume of hydrogen gas, collected at regular intervals for the
reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan jumlah isi padu gas hydrogen, yang dikumpul pada sela masa yang
sekata bagi tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik.
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29. The following equation shows the reaction between zinc powder and hydrochloric acid.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara serbuk zinc dengan asid
hidroklorik.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
How can the rate of production of hydrogen can be increased?
Bagaimanakah kadar penghasilan hydrogen boleh ditingkatkan?
30. The following chemical equation represents the reaction between calcium carbonate,
CaCO3 and hydrochloric acid, HCl.
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Which changes can be used to determine the rate of reaction?
Persamaan kimia berikut mewakili tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat, CaCO3 dan
asid hidroklorik, HCl.
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Perubahan manakah boleh digunakan untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas?
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and IV
D. III and IV
(24/2011)
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31. When a few drops of copper(II) sulphate solution is added to a mixture of zinc powder
and dilute sulphuric acid, the rate of reaction increases. Which statement best explains
why the rate of reaction increases?
Apabila beberapa titik larutan kuprum(II) sulfat ditambah kepada campuran serbuk zink
dan asid cair, kadar tindak balas meningkat. Pernyataan manakah yang terbaik
menjelaskan mengapa kadar tindak balas meningkat?
32. Table 4 shows the total volume of oxygen gas, O2, collected in the decomposition
reaction of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan jumlah isipadu gas oksigen, O2, yang dikumpul dalam tindak
balas penguraian hydrogen peroksida, H2O2.
Time(s)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Masa(s)
Volume of O2(cm3)
0.00 18.00 27.50 35.00 41.50 46.50 50.00 50.00 50.00
Isipadu O2 (cm3)
Table 4
Jadual 4
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Section A
Bahagian A
1 Diagram 6 shows two experiments to investigate one factors that influences the rate of a
reaction.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji satu faktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar satu tindak balas.
(a) What is the factor that influences the rate of reaction in both experiments?
Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam kedua-dua
eksperimen itu?
[1 mark]
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(b) The reaction in the experiment is represented by the following equation:
(i) Among the products stated in the equation, which is the most suitable to
be chosen to determine the rate of reaction?
Antara hasil tindak balas yang dinyatakan dalam persamaan ini, yang
manakah paling sesuai untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas?
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[2 marks]
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(d) The results for both experiments are represented by Graph 6.
Keputusan kedua-dua eksperimen itu diwakili oleh graf 6
Based on Graph 6:
Berdasarkan Graf 6:
(i) Experiment II has a higher rate of reaction. How does the graph show
this?
Eksperimen II menunjukkan kadar tindak balas yang lebih tinggi.
Bagaimanakah graf itu menunjukkan keadaan ini?
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(iii) Why are both curves at the same level after time x?
Mengapakah kedua-dua lengkung berada pada aras yang sama selepas
masa x?
[1 mark]
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(e) What is the conclusion for both experiments?
Apakah kesimpulan bagi kedua-dua eksperimen itu?
[1 mark]
(f) Another experiment is carried out using excess calcium carbonate powder and
dilute hydrochloric acid with different concentrations.
Satu eksperimen lain dijalankan menggunakan serbuk kalsium karbonat
berlebihan dengan asid hydroklorik cair yang berlainan kepekatan.
Sketch the curve of concentration of dilute hydrochloric asid against the time
taken to collect a fixed quantity of the product.
Lakar lengkung graf kepekatan asid hidroklorik cair melawan masa untuk
mengumpul kuantiti hasil ditetapkan.
[2 marks]
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2 An experiment is carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of zinc with hydrochloric
acid. Excess zinc powder is added to 20 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. The
volume of gas collected at regular intervals is shown in Diagram 5.1
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan asid
hidroklorik. Serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah kepada 20 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-
3
. Isi padu gas yang terkumpul pada sela masa yang sama ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
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(c) Explain why the rate of reaction decreases with time.
Terangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas berkurangan dengan masa.
[1 mark]
(d) Another experiment is carried out to study the factors that affect the rate of this
reaction. The results of this experiment are shown in Diagram 5.2. Curve I
represents the results of this experiment using excess zinc powder and 50 cm3 of
1.0 mol dm-3 dilute hydrochloric acid.
Satu eksperimen lain dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas ini. Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 5.2. Lengkung I mewakili keputusan eksperimen yang menggunakan
serbuk zink berlebihan dan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik cair 1.0 mol dm-3.
(i) Suggest the factors that influence the rate of reaction to obtain the curves
labelled II and III
Cadangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas untuk
mendapatkan lengkung-lengkung berlabel II dan III
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(ii) Describe briefly how to carry out the experiment to obtain the curve
labelled III.
Huraikan dengan ringkas bagaimana eksperimen itu dijalankan untuk
mendapatkan lengkung berlabel III.
[3 mark]
(iii) Give one reason why the final volume the gas obtained in curve III is
half the final volume of gas in curve I.
Beri satu sebab mengapa isi padu akhir gas yang terhasil dalam
lengkung III adalah separuh daripada isi padu gas dalam lengkung I.
[1 mark]
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3 Diagram 5 show two set of experiment to study the factor affecting the rate of reaction
between hydrochloric acid, HCl and calcium carbonate, CaCO3
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua set eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik, HCl dan kalsium karbonat,CaCO3.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction in this experiment.
Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.
[2 marks]
(b) What is the reading needed to recorded in both experiments to determine the rate
of reaction in 3 minutes?
Apakah bacaan yang perlu dicatat dalam kedua-dua eksperimen untuk
menentukan kadar tindak balas dalam masa 3 minit?
[1 mark]
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(c) Calculate the average rate of reaction in set I
Hitung kadar tindak balas purata dalam set I
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain the answer in 5(d)(i) with reference to the collision theory.
Jelaskan jawapan di 5(d)(i) dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran.
[3 marks]
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(e) Sketch the graph of volume of carbon dioxide gas produced against time for both
set of experiment in the first 3 minutes.
Lakarkan graf isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan melawan masa bagi
kedua-dua set eksperimen dalam masa 3 minit yang pertama.
Volume of
carbon dioxide/
cm3
Isipadu karbon
dioksida / cm3
Time/ min
Masa/min
4 In an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction, 50.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium
thiosulphate solution and 5.0 cm3 of mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid, are used. The sulphur
formed can be measure the rate of reaction.
Dalam satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas, 50.0 cm3 larutan tiosulfat 0.2
mol dm-3 dan 5.0 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3, digunakan. Sulphur yang terbentuk
boleh digunakan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas itu.
[1 mark]
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(b) The number of moles of a solute can be calculated using the formula, n=MV
[ n = Number of moles of solute (mol), M = Molarity of a solution(mol dm-3),
V = Volume of solution(dm-3)]
Bilangan mol suatu zat terlarut boleh dihitung menggunakan rumus, n=MV
[ n = Bilangan mol zat terlarut (mol), M = Kemolaran larutan (mol dm-3), V =
Isipadu larutan (dm-3)]
Calculate,
Hitung,
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(c) Based on the answer in 2(b)(i) and 2(b)(ii), name the reactant which determines
the quantity of sulphur formed at the end of the reaction.
Berdasarkan jawapan di 2(b)(i) dan 2(b)(ii), namakan bahan tindak yang
menentukan kuantiti sulphur yang terbentuk pada akhir tindak balas itu.
[1 mark]
(d) (i) State three factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this experiment.
Nyatakan tiga faktor yang boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas itu
dalam eksperimen ini.
1. .
2. .
3. .
[3 marks]
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(ii) using the collision theory, explain how any one of the factors in 2(d)(i)
increases the rate of reaction.
Menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana mana-mana
satu daripada faktor di 2(d)(i) meningkatkan kadar tindak balas.
[2 marks]
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Section B
Bahagian B
1 (a) Food stored in a refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in a kitchen
cabinet. Explain why.
[4 marks]
Makanan yang disimpan dalam peti sejuk tahan lebih lama daripada makanan
yang disimpan dalam almari dapur.
Terangkan mengapa.
[4 markah]
(b) A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors
affecting the rate of reaction. Table 7 shows information about the reactant and
the temperature used in each experiment.
Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan
faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 7 menunjukkan
maklumat tentang bahan tindak balas dan suhu yang digunakan dalam setiap
eksperimen.
Table 7
Jadual 7
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(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I.
Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen I.
[2 marks]
(ii) Based on Table 7 and Graph 7, compare the rate of reaction between:
Berdasarkan Jadual 7 dan Graf 7, bandingkan kadar tindak balas
antara:
Experiment I and experiment II
Eksperimen I dan eksperimen II
Experiment II and experiment III
Eksperimen II dan eksperimen III
In each case explain the different in rate of reaction with reference to the
collision theory.
Bagi setiap kes terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak dengan
merujuk kepada teory perlanggaran.
[10 marks]
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(iii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between calcium
carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara kalsium
carbonate dengan asid hidroklorik.
Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, O=16, Ca=40 and the molar
volume of any gas is 24 dm3 mol -1 at room temperature and pressure.
Diberi, jisim atom relatif bagi C=12, O=16, Ca=40 dan isi padu molar
sebarang gas adalah 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik.
2 Three experiments, I, II, and III are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate
of reaction. Table shows the reactants and the conditions of reaction involved.
Tiga eksperimen, I, II, dan III dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 8 menunjukkan bahan tindak balas dan
keadaan tindak balas yang terlibat.
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(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in experiment I
Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen I.
[2 marks]
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(ii) Suggest one way to obtain curve III without changing the zinc, acid or
temperature in experiment II. Explain your answer using collision theory.
Cadangkan satu cara untuk memperoleh lengkung tiga tanpa mengubah
zinc, asid, dan suhu dalam eksperimen II. Jelaskan jawapan anda
menggunakan teori Perlanggaran.
[5 marks]
(iii) Explain why the total volume of hydrogen gas released in experiment II
is doubled that of experiment I.
Terangkan mengapa jumlah isi padu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan
dalam eksperimen II adalah dua kali ganda eksperimen I.
[2 marks]
Section C
Bahagian C
1 Table 10 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried out to
study the rate of reaction of zinc with two acid, P and Q.
Jadual 10 menunjukkan data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II yang dijalankan
untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara dua asid, P dan Q.
2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of Zinc chloride and The temperature of the
acid P 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrogen gas mixture inceases
I 2.6 g of zink dengan 50
cm3 asid P 2.0 mol dm-3 Zink klorida dan gas Suhu campuran meningkat
hidrogen
2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of Zinc sulphate and The temperature of the
acid Q 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrogen gas mixture inceases
II 2.6 g of zink dengan 50
cm3 asid Q 2.0 mol dm-3 Zink sulfat dan gas Suhu campuran meningkat
hidrogen
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(a) (i) By choosing either Experiment I or Experiment II, state the name of
the acid used. Write the chemical equation for the reaction of this acid
with zinc.
Dengan memilih Eksperimen I atau Eksperimen II, nyatakan nama asid
yang digunakan . tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini dengan
zink.
[2 marks]
(ii) Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction in 10(a)(i). On the
energy profile diagram show the:
Lukis satu gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk tindak balas di 10(a)(i).
Pada gambar rajah profil tenaga itu ditunjukkan:
Heat of reaction, H
Haba tindak balas, H
Activation energy without a catalyst, Ea
Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin, Ea
Activation energy with a catalyst, Ea
Tenaga pengaktifan dengan mangkin, Ea
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(b) The graph in Diagram 10 shows the results of Experiment I and Experiment II
Graf pada Rajah 10 menunjukkan keputusan bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen
II.
(ii) Explain the different in the rate of reaction between Experiment I and
Experiment II before 160 s. Use the collision theory in your explanation.
Terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak antara Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen
II sebelum 160 s. Gunakan teori perlanggaran dalam penerangan anda.
[6 marks]
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PAPER 3 : CHAPTER 1 FORM FIVE (Rate of Reaction)
Q1 / P3 / 2003
An experiment was conducted to find out the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction. 50
cm3 of sodium thiosuiphate solution 0.05 mol dm-3 at 30C was put into a 250 cm3 conical flask.
Then the conical flask was placed on an `X' sign on a piece of white paper.
10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid 1.0 mol dm3 was added to the sodium thiosuiphate solution and
shaken. At the same time, the stop watch was started. The stop watch was stopped as soon as the
`X' sign was no longer visible. The same steps of the experiment were repeated for sodium
thiosuiphate solution which was heated to 35C, 40C and 50C.
Figure 1 shows the readings of the stop watch for each of the reaction at different temperatures.
Diagram 1
(a) Record the time for each reaction in the spaces provided in Diagram 1.
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1
(b) Construct a table and record temperature, time, and for this experiment.
time
1
(c) (i) Draw a graph of temperature against on the graph paper.
time
(ii) Based on the graph in (c)(i), state the relationship between the rate of
reaction and temperature.
(d) Predict the time taken as soon as the sign `X' to be no longer visible if
this experiment is repeated at 55C.
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Constant variable
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(ii) State how you would manipulate one variable while keeping the other
variable constant.
(g) From the above experiment, the student found a relationship between
temperature and rate of reaction. The same situation can be applied in our daily
lives, for example, keeping food that is easily spoiled in the refrigerator.
..
..
..
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MARK SCHEME
1. D 30. C
2. C 31. A
3. C 32. C
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. B
16. A
17. C
18. C
19. D
20. C
21. B
22. B
23. C
24. D
25. C
26. C
27. D
28. C
29. D
Section A
1. (a) Total surface area of the calcium carbonate
(b)(i) Carbon dioxide, CO2
(b)(ii) The volume of carbon dioxide released per unit time can be easily measured
(c) 1. The temperature of the reacting mixture
2. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid
(d)(i) The gradient of the graph obtained from Experiment II is much steeper that the
gradient of the graph obtained from experiment I.
(d)(ii) One of the reactant and both of the reactants has completely reacted.
(d)(iii) The mass of calcium carbonate or the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used
is the same in both experiments. This resulted in the same volume of carbon
dioxide being released.
(e) The bigger the total surface area is, the higher the rate of reaction will be.
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(f) Concentration of dilute
hydrochloric acid
(b)(ii)
=
= 0.267 cm3 s-1
(c) Because the concentration of the acid and the mass of the zinc decreases with
time
(d)(i) Curve II : The experiment is carried out at a higher temperature or a catalyst is
used.
Curve III : The experiment is carried out with a lower concentration of HCl or
with a smaller mass of zinc.
(d)(ii) The experiment for curve (III) are carried out, using the same apparatus set up
and under the same condition as in experiment (I). However, only the
concentration of HCl is changed from 1.0 mol dm-3 to 0.5 mol dm-3. The
volume of the gas collected at regular interval by using water displacement
method.
(d)(iii) Because the reaction uses the same volume of HCl but with half of its
concentration. Therefore, the number of mole of hydrochloric cid for curve III is
half the number of mole of HCl for curve I.
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(d)(ii) A higher concentration of HCl contains more particles of H+ and Cl- per unit
volume, the higher the effective rate of collision of H+ on CO32- will be. This
increases the rate of formation of CO2.
(e)
Section B.
1. (a) Food stored in a refrigerator lasts longer because of the following reasons :
The temperature in refrigerator is lower
Bacterial activity is lower, less toxin is produced by bacteria
In a kitchen cabinet, the temperature is higher, bacterial activity is higher.
Therefore the rate of food spoilage is faster in a kitchen cabinet than in a
refrigerator.
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(b)(iii) Number of mole of hydrochloric acid
= x 30
= 0.015 moles
2. (a)(i) Meaning
Rate of reaction is the change of volume of hydrogen gas per unit volume
Two factors
Temperature and concentration of hydrogen ion/ hydrochloric
(a)(ii) Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
(b) Number of mole
= = = 0.025
= = 0.0125
Total volume
= 0.0125 X 24 = 0.3 dm3
(c)(i) Experiment I and experiment II
Rate of reaction of experiment II is higher than experiment I
Concentration of hydrogen ions in experiment in experiment II is higher than
experiment I
Thus, the number of hydrogen ion per unit volume in experiment II is higher
than experiment I
Frequency of collision between zinc and hydrogen ion in experiment II is
higher than experiment I
Frequency of effective collisions between particles increases
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Section C.
Explanation Ea
The reaction is exothermic
The total heat contains of the products is lower than that of the reactant
Therefore heat of given off.
The differences between reactants and products are known as the heat of
reaction.
The energy differences between the maximum energy of the curve and the
energy of the reactant are called activation energy.
This is the energy barrier that must be overcome before the reaction can occur.
Explanation Ea
When a catalyst is added, the activation energy is lower.
The reaction goes through an easier path
The rate of reaction increases because more effective collision between the
reactant particles can occur to produce the products faster.
(b)(i) Experiment I
= = 4 cm3 s-1
(b)(ii) Experiment I.
The acid used in experiment I is hydrochloric acid. It is a monoprotic acid. The
acid
produces one hydrogen ion per molecule.
Experiment II
The acid used in experiment II is sulphuric acid. It is a diprotic acid. The acid
produces two hydrogen ions per molecule. If the concentration is the same,
diprotic acid will have more hydrogen ions per unit volume than a monoprotic
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acid. The frequency of effective collision between reactant particles is higher.
This will result in a higher rate of reaction for experiment II.
Paper 3 :
(b)
1
(1) Graph of temperature against
time
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(ii) The rate of reaction increases with the increase in temperature.
1
From the graph, when temperature = 55 C, = 0.033 s-1
time
Time = 30.3 s
(i) The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction is.
(g) The lower the temperature, the lower the rate of food turns bad.
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Section A
Bahagian A
1 Diagram 6 shows two experiments to investigaate one factoors that inflluences the rate
r of a
reaction.
Rajah 6 mennunjukkan duua eksperimeen untuk men
ngkaji satu faktor
f yang m
mempengaru uhi kadar
satu tindak balas.
b
CO3(s) + 2HC
CaC Cl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO
O2(g) + H2O((l)
Tindak balas
b dalam eksperimen itu diwakili oleh
o persamaaan berikut:
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(i) Among the products sttated in the equation, which w is the most suitab
ble to be
chosen to deetermine the rate of reactiion?
Antara hasill tindak balaas yang dinyyatakan dalam persamaaan ini, yang manakah
m
p
paling sesuaai untuk menentukan kada ar tindak balas?
________________________________ _______________________________
[1 mark]
(i) Experiment II has a highher rate of reaaction. How does the graaph show thiss?
Eksperimen II menunjukkkan kadar tiindak balas yang
y lebih tiinggi. Bagaim
manakah
graf itu mennunjukkan keadaan ini?
________________________________ ________________________________ _______
________________________________ __________________________
[1 mark]
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(ii) What is happen to the reactant at time x?
Apakah yang telah berlaku pada bahan tindak balas pada masa x?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) Why are both curves at the same level after time x?
Mengapakah kedua-dua lengkung berada pada aras yang sama selepas masa x?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(f) Another experiment is carried out using excess calcium carbonate powder and dilute
hydrochloric acid with different concentrations.
Satu eksperimen lain dijalankan menggunakan serbuk kalsium karbonat berlebihan
dengan asid hydroklorik cair yang berlainan kepekatan.
Sketch the curve of concentration of dilute hydrochloric asid against the time taken to
collect a fixed quantity of the product.
Lakar lengkung graf kepekatan asid hidroklorik cair melawan masa untuk mengumpul
kuantiti hasil ditetapkan.
[2 marks]
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2 An experiment is carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid.
Excess zinc powder is added to 20 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. The volume of gas
collected at regular intervals is shown in Diagram 5.1
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan asid
hidroklorik. Serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah kepada 20 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-3.
Isi padu gas yang terkumpul pada sela masa yang sama ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1.
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1
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(c) Explain why the ratee of reaction decreases with
w time.
Terangkkan mengapaa kadar tindaak balas berkkurangan denngan masa.
_______________________________________ _________________________________
_______
_______________________________________ _______________________
[1 mark]
(d) Anotherr experiment is carried ouut to study thhe factors thhat affect thee rate of this reaction.
The resuults of this exxperiment arre shown in Diagram
D 5.2. Curve I reppresents the results
r of
this experiment usinng excess zinnc powder an nd 50 cm3 off 1.0 mol dm-3 dilute hydrrochloric
acid.
Satu ekssperimen lainn dijalankann untuk meng gkaji faktor-ffaktor yang m mempengaru uhi kadar
tindak balas
b ini. Keeputusan ekssperimen inii ditunjukkan dalam Raj ajah 5.2. Len ngkung I
mewakilli keputusan eksperimen yang mengg gunakan serrbuk zink berrlebihan dan n 50 cm3
asid hiddroklorik cairr 1.0 mol dm-3.
m3
Volume of hyydrogen gas/cm
3
Isipadu gas hydrogen/cm
h
Time/s
Masa/saat
Diiagram 8
Rajah
R 8
(ii) Describe briiefly how to carry out thee experimentt to obtain thee curve labellled III.
Huraikan dengan
d rinngkas bagaimana ekspperimen ituu dijalankan n untuk
mendapatkaan lengkung berlabel
b III.
________________________________ ________________________________ _______
________________________________ ________________________________ _______
________________________________ _________________
[3 mark]
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(iii) Give one reason why the final volume the gas obtained in curve III is half the
final volume of gas in curve I.
Beri satu sebab mengapa isi padu akhir gas yang terhasil dalam lengkung III
adalah separuh daripada isi padu gas dalam lengkung I.
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
[1 mark]
3 Diagram 5 show two set of experiment to study the factor affecting the rate of reaction
between hydrochloric acid, HCl and calcium carbonate, CaCO3
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua set eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik, HCl dan kalsium karbonat,CaCO3.
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
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(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction in this experiment.
Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.
[2 marks]
(b) What is the reading needed to recorded in both experiments to determine the rate of
reaction in 3 minutes?
Apakah bacaan yang perlu dicatat dalam kedua-dua eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar
tindak balas dalam masa 3 minit?
[1 mark]
(d) (i) Compare the rate of reaction in set 1 and set 2. Explain your answer based on
the factor affecting the rate of reaction.
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas bagi set 1 dan set 2. Jelaskan jawapan anda
berdasarkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain the answer in 5(d)(i) with reference to the collision theory.
Jelaskan jawapan di 5(d)(i) dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran.
[3 marks]
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(e) Sketch the graph of volume of carbon dioxide gas produced against time for both set of
experiment in the first 3 minutes.
Lakarkan graf isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan melawan masa bagi kedua-
dua set eksperimen dalam masa 3 minit yang pertama.
Volume of carbon
dioxide/ cm3
Isipadu karbon
dioksida / cm3
Time/ min
Masa/min
4 In an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction, 50.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium
thiosulphate solution and 5.0 cm3 of mol dm-3 of sulphuric acid, are used. The sulphur formed
can be measure the rate of reaction.
Dalam satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas, 50.0 cm3 larutan tiosulfat 0.2 mol
dm-3 dan 5.0 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3, digunakan. Sulphur yang terbentuk boleh
digunakan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas itu.
[1 mark]
(b) The number of moles of a solute can be calculated using the formula, n=MV
[ n = Number of moles of solute (mol), M = Molarity of a solution(mol dm-3), V =
Volume of solution(dm-3)]
Bilangan mol suatu zat terlarut boleh dihitung menggunakan rumus, n=MV
[ n = Bilangan mol zat terlarut (mol), M = Kemolaran larutan (mol dm-3), V = Isipadu
larutan (dm-3)]
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Calculate,
Hitung,
(i) The number of mole of sodium tiosulphate in the solution.
Bilangan mol bagi natrium tiosulfat dalam larutan itu.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(c) Based on the answer in 2(b)(i) and 2(b)(ii), name the reactant which determines the
quantity of sulphur formed at the end of the reaction.
Berdasarkan jawapan di 2(b)(i) dan 2(b)(ii), namakan bahan tindak yang menentukan
kuantiti sulphur yang terbentuk pada akhir tindak balas itu.
[1 mark]
(d) (i) State three factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this experiment.
Nyatakan tiga faktor yang boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas itu dalam
eksperimen ini.
1. _________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
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(ii) using the collision theory, explain how any one of the factors in 2(d)(i) increases the
rate of reaction.
Menggunakan teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana mana-mana satu daripada
faktor di 2(d)(i) meningkatkan kadar tindak balas.
[2 marks]
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Section B
Bahagian B
1 (a) Food stored in a refrigerator lasts longer than food stored in a kitchen cabinet. Explain why.
[4 marks]
Makanan yang disimpan dalam peti sejuk tahan lebih lama daripada makanan yang
disimpan dalam almari dapur.
Terangkan mengapa.
[4 markah]
(b) A group of pupils carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of
reaction. Table 7 shows information about the reactant and the temperature used in each
experiment.
Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan faktor-faktor
yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 7 menunjukkan maklumat tentang bahan
tindak balas dan suhu yang digunakan dalam setiap eksperimen.
Table 7
Jadual 7
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Graph 7 shoows the resultts of these exxperiments.
Graf 7 menuunjukkan kepputusan ekspeerimen-ekspeerimen ini.
Graf 7
Graf 7
(ii) Baseed on Table 7 and Graphh 7, compare the rate of reeaction betw
ween:
Berddasarkan Jaddual 7 dan Graf
G 7, bandiingkan kadarr tindak balaas antara:
Experim ment I and exxperiment II
Eksperim
men I dan ekksperimen II
Experim ment II and exxperiment III
Eksperim
men II dan eksperimen
e IIII
In each
e case expplain the diffferent in ratte of reactioon with referrence to the collision
theoory.
Baggi setiap kes terangkan perbezaan
p dalam
d kadarr tindak denggan merujukk kepada
teory
ry perlanggarran.
[10 marks]
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(iii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid.
Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara kalsium carbonate
dengan asid hidroklorik.
Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, O=16, Ca=40 and the molar volume of
any gas is 24 dm3 mol -1 at room temperature and pressure.
Diberi, jisim atom relatif bagi C=12, O=16, Ca=40 dan isi padu molar sebarang gas
adalah 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik.
Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced in Experiment II.
Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil dalam
eksperimen II.
[4 marks]
2 Three experiments, I, II, and III are carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate of
reaction. Table 8 shows the reactants and the conditions of reaction involved.
Tiga eksperimen, I, II, dan III dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar tindak balas. Jadual 8 menunjukkan bahan tindak balas dan keadaan tindak balas yang
terlibat.
Jadual 8
Rajah 8
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(b) Calculatte the total voolume of hyddrogen gas reeleased in exxperiment I.
[Molar gas
g volume at d 3]
a room condditions is 24 dm
Hitungkkan jumlah issipadu gas hyydrogen yang g dibebaskann dalam ekspperimen I.
[Isi paduu molar gas pada
p h 24 dm3]
keadaaan bilik ialah
[3
[ marks]
Diagram 8
Rajah 8
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(iii) Explain why the total volume of hydrogen gas released in experiment II is
doubled that of experiment I.
Terangkan mengapa jumlah isi padu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan dalam
eksperimen II adalah dua kali ganda eksperimen I.
[2 marks]
Section C
Bahagian C
1 Table 10 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried out to study
the rate of reaction of zinc with two acid, P and Q.
Jadual 10 menunjukkan data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II yang dijalankan
untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara dua asid, P dan Q.
Table 10
Jadual 10
(a) (i) By choosing either Experiment I or Experiment II, state the name of the acid
used. Write the chemical equation for the reaction of this acid with zinc.
Dengan memilih Eksperimen I atau Eksperimen II, nyatakan nama asid yang
digunakan . tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini dengan zink.
[2 marks]
(ii) Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction in 10(a)(i). On the energy profile
diagram show the:
Lukis satu gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk tindak balas di 10(a)(i). Pada gambar
rajah profil tenaga itu ditunjukkan:
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Heat of reaction, H
H
Haba tinndak balas, H
Activatiion energy without
w a cataalyst, Ea
Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangk kin, Ea
Activatiion energy with
w a catalystt, Ea
Tenaga pengaktifan dengan man ngkin, Ea
Diagram
m 10
Rajah 10
(i) Calcculate the average rate off reaction forr either Expeeriment I or E
Experiment II.
I
Hituungkan kadarr tindak balaas purata bag gi Eksperimeen I atau Ekssperimen II.
[2
[ marks]
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PAPER 3 : CHAPTER 1 FORM FIVE (Rate of Reaction)
Q1 / P3 / 2003
An experiment was conducted to find out the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction. 50
cm3 of sodium thiosuiphate solution 0.05 mol dm-3 at 30C was put into a 250 cm3 conical flask.
Then the conical flask was placed on an `X' sign on a piece of white paper.
10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid 1.0 mol dm3 was added to the sodium thiosuiphate solution and
shaken. At the same time, the stop watch was started. The stop watch was stopped as soon as the
`X' sign was no longer visible. The same steps of the experiment were repeated for sodium
thiosuiphate solution which was heated to 35C, 40C and 50C.
Figure 1 shows the readings of the stop watch for each of the reaction at different temperatures.
Diagram 1
(a) Record the time for each reaction in the spaces provided in Diagram 1.
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1
(b) Construct a table and record temperature, time, and for this experiment.
time
1
(c) (i) Draw a graph of temperature against on the graph paper.
time
(ii) Based on the graph in (c)(i), state the relationship between the rate of reaction and
temperature.
..
(d) Predict the time taken as soon as the sign `X' to be no longer visible if this experiment is
repeated at 55C.
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
Constant variable
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(ii) State how you would manipulate one variable while keeping the other variables
constant.
..
..
(g) From the above experiment, the student found a relationship between temperature and rate of
reaction. The same situation can be applied in our daily lives, for example, keeping food that
is easily spoiled in the refrigerator.
Using your knowledge of chemistry, state the relationship between temperature and the rate at
which food turns bad.
..
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ANSWER
(b)
1
(1) Graph of temperature against
time
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(ii) The rate of reaction increases with the increase in temperature.
1
(di From the graph, when temperature = 55 C, = 0.033 s-1
time
Time = 30.3 s
(i) The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction is.
(g) The lower the temperature, the lower the rate of food turns bad.
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CHAPTER: ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
SPM 2003
2 What are the products of the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate?
I Water
II Ethyl ethanoate
III Carbon dioxide
IV Sodium ethanoate
I HCI(aq) + KOH(aq)
II HNO3(aq) + NaNO3(aq)
III H2SO4(aq) + CuSO4(aq)
IV CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq)
A I and IV only
B II and III only
C I, II, and IV only
D I, II, III, and IV
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4 The information about two solutions is as follows:
5 XCO3 XO + CO2
The equation above shows the action of heat on the carbonate salt of metal X.
How many moles of XCO3 are needed to produced 4.0 g of oxide X?
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16; X, 64]
A 0.03
B 0.05
C 0.08
D 0.09
A 0.025
B 0.05
C 0.1
D 0.5
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7 Figure 10 shows the set-up of apparatus for the titration of potassium hydroxide solution
with sulphuric acid.
What is the total volume of the mixture in the conical flask at the end point of the
titration in Figure 10?
A 10 cm3
B 20 cm3
C 30 cm3
D 40 cm3
A I and II only
B I and IV only
C II and III only
D III and IV only
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10 Which of the following ions form a white precipitate that dissolves in excess sodium
hydroxide solution?
I Al3+
II Mg2+
III Pb2+
IV Zn2+
A I and II only
B II and IV only
C I, II and III only
D I, III and IV only
11 The equation shows the reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide?
What is the volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution which can neutralize
25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol -3 sulphuric acid?
A 12.5 cm3
B 25.0 cm3
C 50.0 cm3
D 75.0 cm3
12 3.2 g of cooper(II) oxide powder is reacted with excess dilute nitric acid.
What is the mass of cooper(II) nitrate formed in the reaction?
Use the information that the relative atomic mass of N = 14, O = 16 and Cu = 64.
A 3.76 g
B 4.96 g
C 5.04 g
D 7.52 g
SPM 2005
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2 Glacial ethanoic acid is put into four test tubes A,B, C and D.
In which test does a reaction occur?
3 The diagram shows the set up of apparatus for the reaction between calcium carbonate
and ethanoic acid in two different solvents.
Which of the following statements are true about the observation in beakers X and Y?
A I and II only
B I and IV only
C II and III only
D III and IV only
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4 0.12 g of magnesium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid to produced hydrogen gas.
Given that the relative molecular mass of H=1, Mg=24, Cl=35.5 and 1 mol of gas
occupies 24 dm3at room temperature pressure.
Which of the following is true about the reaction?
I Mg + 2H+JMg2+ +H2
II Volume of gas released is 120 cm3
III Mass of the salt formed is 0.30g
IV This is a redox reaction
A I and II only
B I and III only
C I, II and IV only
D II, III and IV only
SPM 2006
1 Which of the following set ups of apparatus is correct to prepare hydrogen gas?
A Ammonia
B Potassium oxide
C Carbon dioxide
D Sodium hydroxide
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3 Diagram 1 shows the set up of the apparatus for the reaction between an acid and a
metal.
A Stanum
B Copper
C Lead
D Magnesium
Diagram 9
A 6.25 cm3
B 12.50 cm3
C 25.00 cm3
D 50.00 cm3
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6 You are asked by your teacher to verify the cation and anion in a sample of
ammonium chloride salt solution.
What substance can you use to verify the cation and anion?
Cation Anion
SPM 2007
A I and II
B II and III
C I and IV
D III and IV
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3 Which of the following shows the process of dissociation in strong alkali when it is
added to water?
The letters X and Y are not the actual symbol of the elements
A H+
H X H X X- X-
H+
H+
H X H+
H X X- X-
B
H X X- H+
H X H X
H X H X X- H X H+
C Y OH Y OH
Y+ OH- Y+
OH-
Y+ Y+
Y OH Y OH OH- OH-
D
Y OH Y OH Y OH OH- Y+
Y OH Y OH
OH- Y OH Y+
CuCO3CuO + CO2
Which of the following is not true when 1 mol of copper (II) carbonate is
decomposed?
[Relative atomic mass: C=12, O=16, Cu=64 and 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of
24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure.]
Which of the following substances is the most suitable to be applied to the part stung
to treat the student?
A Vinegar
B Ethanol
C Tooth paste
D Cooking oil
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6 Diagram 13 shows the neutralization reaction between a strong acid and a strong
alkali.
Diagram 13
A 0005 cm3
B 0025 cm3
C 5000 cm3
D 25000 cm3
SPM 2008
1. Table 1 shows the pH values of four acidic solution which have same concentration.
Solution pH value
K 1.0
L 3.0
M 5.0
N 6.0
Table 1
A K B L
C M D N
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3. A patient complained of a pain due to an excess of acid in the stomach.
Which substance will help to relieve the pain ?
A Ammonia
B Ethanoic acid
C Sodium chloride
D Magnesium hydroxide
A 97 B 98
D 194 D 196
5. The following equation shows the reaction between copper(II) oxide and sulphuric acid.
6.0 g copper(II) oxide is added to 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid.
What is the mass of copper(II) oxide left at the end of the reaction ?
A 0.3 g B 2.0 g
C 2.8 g D 4.0 g
6. 50.0 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution, KOH, is titrated with sulphuric acid,
H2SO4.
What volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is needed to neutralise the potassium hydroxide
solution ?
SPM 2009
1. Which of the following particles in a solution of hydrogen chloride is responsible for its
acidity properties ?
A H+ B OH-
C Cl- D HCl
A I and II
B I and III
C II and IV
D III and IV
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3. Table 2 shows the degree of dissociation of four solutions of alkalis which have the same
concentration.
W High
X Medium
Y Very high
Z Low
Table 2
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
SPM 2010
A X is a weak acid
B X is a strong alkali
C X dissociates partially in water
D X has a high concentration of hydrogen ions
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3. A farmer found that his soil to acidic fr some lants to grow well.
Wich substance is suitable to reduce the acidity of the soil ?
A Barium chloride
B Calcium oxide
C Sodium nitrate
D Potassium iodide
4. The following equation represent the neutralisation reaction between barium hydroxide,
Ba(OH)2 and hydrochloric acid, HCl.
What is the volume of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid needed to neutralise 25 cm3 of
0.1 mol dm-3 barium hydroxide ?
Test Observation
I Add sodium hydroxide solution until in White precipitate which dissolves in
excess excess sodium hydroxide solution
II Add ammonia solution until excess White precipitate which dissolves in
excess ammonia solution
III Add 2 cm3 of dilute nitric acid and White precipitate formed
a few drops of silver nitrate solution
What is X ?
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SPM QUESTIONS
1 (a) A farmer discovered that his vegetables were not growing well because the soil was poor
and acidic. As a chemistry student, you help the farmer.
(b) Figure 7 shows an incomplete flow chart of cation and anion tests for salt X.
Salt X
Pb2+ CO32-
Figure 7
Use the reagents listed below and complete the flow chart to confirm that salt X
contains Pb2+ ions and CO32- ions. Include your observations.
REAGENTS
Dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid, and lime water
[8 marks]
(c) You are required to prepare dry magnesium chloride salt. The chemicals supplied are
magnesium sulphate solutions,
dilute hydrochloric acid,
potassium carbonate solution.
Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the
chemical equation involved. [10 marks]
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SPM 2004
Experiment Method
II
[1 mark]
(i) State the reason why copper(II) oxide powder is added in excess.
[1 mark]
(ii) State how the excess copper(II) oxide powder can be separated from the
products.
[1 mark]
(iii) State the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place in Experiment II.
[1 mark]
[2 marks]
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(c) Experiment I is repeated. Sulphuric acid is replaced by hydrochloric acid of the same
concentration. Predict the volume of hydrochloric acid required for a complete
reaction.
[1 mark]
(d) There are several steps in the preparation of the salts in each of the Experiments I and
II. State one difference in the steps between the two experiments.
Experiment I Experiment II
[1 mark]
(e) (i) State the type of reaction in the preparation of salts in experiments I and II.
[1 mark]
(ii) State one type of reaction used in the preparation of salt other than
that in (e)(i).
[1 mark]
SPM 2005
1 Table 4 shows the positive and negative ions three salt solutions.
Table 4
Use the information in Table 4 to answer the following questions.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
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(e) Write the formula for sodium sulphate.
[1 mark]
(f) When 10cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution is added to excess lead(II)
nitrate solution, a while precipitate is formed.
[2 marks]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[2 marks]
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6 (a) The following information is about hydrochloric acid and etanoic acid.
(b) Figure 8.1 shows two reagent bottles each containing an aqueous solution.
Figure 8.1
Qualitative analysis can be used to determine the presence of cations and anions in
solutions.
Describe chemical test that can be used to verify the ions in each solution.
[10 marks]
(c) A pupil carried out an experiment to investigate the chemical changes that occur to
copper (II) chloride as a result of reaction P.
The result of the experiment is shown in Figure 8.2
Sodium chloride
soluion
Figure 8.2
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(ii) Name solid X and state its colour. [2 marks]
(iii) Name gas Y and describe a method to verify its identity. [2 marks]
SPM 2006
(i) State the meaning of the concentration for the solution produced.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the meaning of the molarity for the solution produced.
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of
mole (n), molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution.
[1 mark]
(iv) Substitute the actual values of the number of mole, molarity and volume of
the NaOH solution into the formula in 4(a)(iii).
[Relative molecular mass of NaOH =40]
[1 mark]
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(b) Diagram 4.1 shows the preparation of the standard solution of NaOH, 0.2 mol dm-3.
(i) What are the two parameters that should be measured accurately to prepare the standard
solution of NaOH?
Parameter I :
Parameter II :
[2 marks]
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(ii) After all the NaOH solution is poured into the volumetric flask, the beaker
and the filter funnel must be rinsed several times with distilled water.
After each rinse, all of this water is transferred into the volumetric flask.
Give one reason for doing this.
[1 mark]
(iii) What step should be taken to ensure that the meniscus level of the standard
solution is exactly in line with the graduation mark on the volumetric flask?
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(v) Why is the volumetric flask stoppered after the standard solution is prepared?
[1 mark]
1 (a) The following are three examples of sulphate salts that can be prepared in the
laboratory.
(i) From these examples, identify the soluble and insoluble salts. [2 marks]
(ii) State the reactants for the preparation of the insoluble salt in 7(a)(i).
[2 marks]
(b) With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain the crystallisation method for preparing
an insoluble salt from its saturated solution.
[6 marks]
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(c) Table 7 shows the observations from some tests carried out on salt X.
Test Observation
Table 7
(i) Identify an anion is present in Test I and describe a chemical test to verify the
anion. [4 marks]
(ii) Identify two cations that are present in Test II and describe a chemical test to
verify the cations. [6 marks]
2009
(a) In an experiment, 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH reacts
completely with X g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and is dissolved in 100 cm3 of
solution.
Calculate the value of X.
(b) Table 10 shows the results when zinc reacts with hydrogen chloride in solvent L and
solvent M.
Table 10
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2011
4. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. Table 4 shows two solutions of hydrochloric acid, P and Q,
of different concentrations.
P 0.100
Q 0.001
Table 4
d) 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 solution hydroxide solution is put in a conical flask. Then a
few drops of phenolphthalein are added. Thin solution is titrated with solution P.
i. State the type of reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and solution P.
ii. What is the colour change of the mixture at the end point?
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Diagram 10 shows a flow chart when substance C is dissolved in two different solvent, water and
solvent D, and the properties of solutions formed.
Substance C
+ Water + Solvent D
Solution E Solution F
Diagram 10
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2010
6. (a) Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up for the titration of 25.0 cm3 of
0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution with dilute hydrochloric acid, HCI,
using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
Diagram 6
iii. State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask when the end point
of titration is reached.
iv. 20.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise completely the sodium
hydroxide solution in the conical flask.
Calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric acid.
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(b) Table 6 shows the concentration and volume of two different types of strong acid, X
and Y, which are used to neutralise 20.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide
solution.
Acid X Y
Table 6
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OXIDATIO
ON AND RE
EDUCTION
N
PAPER
R1
1. The diagram
m shows the set
s up of the apparatus fo
or the reductiion of metal X oxide by hydrogen
h
gas. (2005)
Gambar rajaah menunjukkkan susunann radas bagi penurunan oksida
o logamm X oleh gas
hydrogen.
2. The diagram
m shows fourr pairs of mettals in differeent test tubess. (2005)
Gambar rajaah menunjukkkan pasangaan logam dalam tabung uji u berlainann.
D Four hydroxide ions are formed when two water molecules receive four electrons
Empat ion hidroksida terbentuk apabila dua molekul air menerima empat electron
4. When powder of metal P is heated with black metal Q oxide, the following
observation are made: (2005)
Apabila serbuk logam P dipanaskan dengan oksida logam Q yang berwarna hitam,
maklumat berikut diperoleh:
D The powder of metal P can react with a heated magnesium oxide powder
Serbuk logam P boleh bertindak balas dengan serbuk magnesium oksida yang dipanaskan
Element X is in Group 17 in the Periodic Table of Elements. What can be observed if element
X is replaced with iodine?
Unsur X berada dalam Kumpulan 17 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Apakah yang dapat
diperhatikan jika unsure X digantikan denagn iodine?
C No change is observed
Tiada perubahan dapat diperhatikan
6. What is the oxidation number for oxygen in the thiosulphate ion, S2O32-? (2006)
Apakah nombor pengoksidaan oksigen dalam ion tiosulfat S2O32-?
A -3
B -2
C +2
D +3
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
A Fe Fe2+ + 2e-
B Fe2+ + 2e- Fe
A -2
B -1
C 0
D +1
A Carbon dioxide
d loses oxygen
Karbon dioksida
d kehhilangan oksiigen
Diiagram 5
R
Rajah 5
A Chlorine
Klorin
B Sulphur dioxide
Sulphur dioksida
C Hydrogen sulphide
Hydrogen sulfida
D Potassium bromide
Kalium bromida
14. Which substance can be used to convert Fe2+ ions to Fe3+ ions? (2009)
Bahan manakah yang boleh digunakan untuk menukar ion Fe2+ kepada ion Fe3+ ?
A Magnesium
Magnesium
A +6 B +3
C +2 D +1
PAPER 2
[SPM 2003/ 5]
Bahagian A
Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reactions that take place in test tube P and
test Q
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tindak balas yang berlaku
di dalam tabung uji P dan tabung uji Q.
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
.
[ 1 markah ]
[ 1 markah ]
..
[ 1 markah ]
..
[ 1markah ]
..
[ 1 markah ]
[ 1 markah ]
[ 1 markah ]
[ 1 markah ]
[ 1 markah ]
..
[ 1 markah ]
[SPM 2007/6]
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw a labeled diagram to show how the conditions of iron involve in the
ionization of iron and the flow of electron.
Lukis satu gambar rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan bagaimana syarat
untuk pengaratan besi keadaan melibatkan pengionan besi dan pengaliran
electron.
[3 marks]
(b) (i) Describe the reactions that take place at the edge of water droplet (positive
terminal) during the rusting of iron after the Fe2+ and OH- ions are formed.
Huraikan tindakbalas yang berlaku di pinggir titisan air (terminal positif)
semasa pengaratan besi setelah ion Fe 2+ dan ion OH terbentuk.
[3 marks]
[1 mark]
DIAGRAM 6
RAJAH 6
(i) Explain how the zinc plates protect the iron ship from rusting.
Terangkan bagaimana kepingan zink itu melindungi kapal besi itu daripada
berkarat.
[2 marks]
[ 1 marks]
(b) Table 4 shows the result of two experiments to study the effects of metals P
and Q on the rusting of iron.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan bagi dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan
logam P dan logam Q terhadap pengaratan besi.
Table 4
Jadual 4
[10 marks]
[SPM 2005/9]
(b) Electrolysis is carried out on a dilute sodium chloride solution using carbon
electrodes. Explain how this electrolysis occurs. Use a labelled diagram to explain
your answer
Elektrolisis dijalankan ke atas larutan natrium klorida cair menggunakan elektrod
karbon.
Terangkan bagaimana elektrolisis itu berlaku.
Gunakan gambar rajah berlabel untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.
( 6 marks)
(c) Aluminium is placed above zinc in the electrochemical series .
Aluminium and zinc can be used to build a chemical cell, using suitable apparatus
and the following chemicals ;
Al2O3 Cu2O
(i) Based on the two formulae, state the oxidation number for aluminium
and copper.
Berdasarkan dua formula itu, nyatakan nombor pengoksidaan bagi
aluminium dan kuprum.
[2 marks]
(ii) Name both the compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature system.
Namakan kedua-dua sebatian itu mengikut system tatanama IUPAC.
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain the difference between the names of the two compounds based
on the IUPAC nomenclature system.
Jelaskan perbezaan antara nama kedua-dua sebatian itu mengikut system
tatanama IUPAC.
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 7 shows the set up of the apparatus for an experiment to investigate electron
transfer through a solution.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji
pemindahan electron melalui satu larutan.
DIAGRAM 7
RAJAH 7
(ii) Write the half equations for the reactions that occur at the negative
and positive terminals.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku di terminal negatif
dan terminal positif.
[5 marks]
[SPM 2008/9]
(a) A metal M reacts with oxygen to form an oxide. The oxide is very soluble in water to
produce an alkaline solution. Suggest the identity of metal M and describe an
observation when the metal you have named reacts with oxygen.
Write the half-equations for oxidation and reduction for the reaction.
Logam M bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk oksida. Oksida itu
sangat larut dalam air untuk menghasilkan larutan beralkali.
Cadangkan identity logam M dan huraikan satu pemerhatian apabila logam yang
anda namakan itu bertindak balas dengan oksigen.
Tulis setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas pengoksidaan dan penurunan yang
berlaku.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b) Diagram 9 shows an apparatus set-up to investigate the effect of two different metals,
X and Y on the rusting of iron, Fe.
Radas 9 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan dua logam, X dan Y yang
berlainan ke atas pengaratan besi, Fe.
(b) Ironn(II) ions cann be converteed to iron(IIII) ions and irron(III) ions can be conveerted
backk to iron(II) ions.
i By usinng a named metal
m as a redducing agentt and a nameed
haloogen as an oxxidising agennt, describe briefly
b how you
y would caarry out thesee two
convversions.
Describe a test too show that each
e converssion has takeen place.
Ion ferum(II)
f booleh ditukar kepada
k ion ferum(III)
fe dann ion ferum(I
(III) boleh dittukar
semula kepada ion
i ferum(II)).
Denngan mengguunakan logam m yang dinammakan sebaggai agen penuurunan dan halogen
h
yangg dinamakann sebagai ageen pengoksid daan, huraikkan dengan riingkas bagaiimana
andaa boleh melaakukan keduaa-dua penuka aran itu.
Hurraikan satu ujian
uj untuk menunjukkan
m setiap penukkaran itu telaah berlaku.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]]
[SPM 2009/9]
(a) Diaggram 9 show ws the apparaatus and obseervation for a redox reaction between iron(III)
chlooride solutionn and a metal.
Rajaah 9 menunjuukkan radas dan pemerhatian bagi saatu tindak baalas redoks antara
a
laruutan ferum(IIII) klorida daan sekeping logam.
l
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
PAPER 1
2005
1. D 6. B (2006) 11. B (2008)
2. D 7. C (2006) 12. A (2008)
3. A 8. C (2007) 13. A (2009)
4. B 9. A (2007) 14. D (2009)
5. C 10. D (2008) 15. A (2009)
b) (i) In experiment I, iron is oxidized into Fe2+ ions. Therefore, the metal P
accelerates the oxidation or rusting of iron. Electrons flow from iron to P
because iron is more electropositive than P. The blue spots show the
presence of Fe2+ ions. In experiment II, metal Q oxidizes into Qn+ ions. Q
will lose electrons.
Q Qn+ + ne
Metal Q is more electropositive than iron. Electrons flow from Q to iron.
Water and oxygen also receives electron to form OH- ions.
2H2O + O2 + 4e 4OH-
The pink spots show the presence of OH- ions.
(ii) Q, iron, P
c) Method:
1. Fill in four test tubes with the salt solution of metals W, X, Y and Z as
respectively.
2. Polish or clean the metal strips with sandpaper.
3. Put metal W into ever test tube.
4. Leave for several minutes.
5. Repeat the steps above using metals X, Y and Z.
6. A more electropositive metal displaces a less electropositive one.
Observation:
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Salt solution
/Metal W X Y Z
W 9 9 9
X X 9 9
Y X X 9
Z X X X
9 Metal deposited
X No deposit
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SPM 2005, SECTION C, QUESTION 9
b) - The set up of the apparatus for the electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride
solution is shown below.
- The ions presence in the sodium chloride solution are Na+, Cl-, H+ and
OH- ions.
- When the switch is switched on, Na+ and H+ ions will be attracted to the
cathode.
- The H+ ion will be discharged to produce hydrogen gas because it is
located at a lower position in the electrochemical series compared to Na+
ions.
2H+ + 2e H2
- The Cl- and OH- ions are attracted to anode.
- The OH- ion will be discharged to produce oxygen gas because it is
located at a lower position in the electrochemical series.
4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e
c)
- Dilute sulphuric acid is filled into the U-tube as the salt bridge.
- Aluminium sulphate solution is filled into one the arms of the U-tube and
zinc sulphate solution is filled into another arm of the U-tube slowly drop
by drop.
- Aluminium plate and zinc plate are immersed respectively into
aluminium sulphate and zinc sulphate solutions as shown in the figure.
- The wire is connected to complete the circuit. The voltmeter reading is
deflected.
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SPM 2006, SECTION B QUESTION 7
(b) (i) The Fe2+ ions combined with the OH- ions to form iron(II)
hydroxide. The iron(II) hydroxide is oxidized further to form
hydrated iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3.xH2O. The hydrated iron(III) oxide
is known as the rust.
(ii) From +2 to +3
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(c) (i) Zinc is more electropositive than iron. Zinc atoms lose electron
more easily than iron. Hence, the iron does not corrodes
(ii) Zn (s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
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CHAPTER 2: THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
SPM QUESTIONS 2003 - 2010
OBJECTIVE QUESTION
Cl
17
Figure 1
Diagram 3
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3. Diagram 6 shows the cooling curve for gas X
Which of the following statements is true?
Diagram 6
A Melting B Boiling
C Freezing D Condensation
SPM 2004, NO 1
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5. The diagram shows the atomic symbol of element X.
23
11 X
Which of the following is true about the subatomic particles of element x?
SPM 2004, NO 21
SPM 2004, NO 24
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8. The diagram shows an experiment to study the particle theory of matter.
Which of the following is the best explanation of the observation in the experiment?
SPM 2005, NO 21
A inert gas
B negative ions
C atom of metal
D isotopes of the same element
SPM 2005, NO 22
10. The table shows the number of electrons and neutrons for ions G2-, H+, L- and M2+.
These letters are not the actual symbols for the elements.
Which of the following shows the correct nucleon number of the ion?
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11. Which of the following set ups of the apparatus is correct to determine the melting point
of acetamide?
SPM 2006 , NO 1
SPM 2006, NO 2
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13. Which of the following electron arrangement has three valence electrons?
SPM 2006, NO 3
14. Diagram 1 shows the electron arrangement of an atom.
Diagram 1
Which of the following electron arrangement has the same number of valence electrons
as the atom in Diagram 1?
SPM 2007, NO 1
15. Which of the following shows the correct type of particle for each substance?
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16. Which substance is element ?
A Air
B Steam
C Carbon
D Naphthalena
SPM 2008 Q1
17. The following statements refer to the contribution of a scientist in the development of
ideas about atomic structure.
Discovered proton
Most of the mass of the atom is in the nucleus
The electron move in the empty space
18. Diagram shows the symbol for the element. X is not an actual symbol of element.
23
11 X
Which the following shows the electron arrangement and the number of neutron in the
atom of X.
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19. Diagram 3 show the electron arrangement of a beryllium atom
I Na II Ne
III Na+ IV Mg 2+
SPM 2008 Q 27
.
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22. Which of the following is use of cobalt-60 isotope?
A Treatment of cancer
B Sterilizations of insects
C X-ray for body examination
D Dating the age of fossils and artifacts.
SPM 2009 Q5
A Steam Ice
B Water Steam
C Ice water
D Ice Steam
SPM 2009 Q6
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Group Period
A 2 2
B 2 3
C 12 2
D 12 3
Which are the following situations are explained by the statements above?
A I and II B I and IV
B II and III D III and IV
27. Table shows the melting point and boiling point of four substances
A W
B X
C Y
D Z
SPM 2009 Q 27
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28. Diagram shows the cooling curve of liquid Y
A At t1 exist as solid
B The freezing point of Y is 70oC
C From t1 to t2, Y does not release heat energy.
D From t2 to t3, the particles are less closely packed
SPM 2009 Q32
29. Element G reacts with element L to form a covalent compound with the formula GL2
The electron arrangement of an atom of L is a possible electron arrangement of an
atom of G.
A 2.8.1
B 2.8.2
C 2.8.4
D 2.8.6
SPM 2009 Q36
A 27
B 54
C 118
D 123
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31. What is the meaning of isotope?
SPM 2010 Q1
32. Solid X is heated in a boiling tube and the temperature is recorded at regular time
intervals if the melting point of X is 78oC, Which graph represent the heating curve of X?
SPM 2010 Q2
33. The proton number of atom R is 14 and its relative atomic mass is 28
Which statement is correct about R?
A 30 B 43
C 62 D 67
SPM 2010 Q6
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MARK SCHEME
1 A 11 D 21 B 31 B
2 C 12 A 22 A 32 C
3 D 13 C 23 A 33 B
4 B 14 D 24 B 34 B
5 A 15 B 25 B
6 A 16 C 26 A
7 A 17 C 27 C
8 C 18 C 28 B
9 B 19 C 29 B
10 C 20 D 30 A
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CHAPTER: THERMOCHEMISTRY
Energy
H=-220kJ
J 2+ (aq) + T (s)
Diagram 1
Based on Diagram 1, what is the increase in temperature of the solution if excess J powder is
added to 50 cm3 of T salt solution 0.2 mol dm -3?
[Specific heat capacity of solution: 4.0 J g-1 0C-1]
A 4.4 0C
B 5.5 0C
C 8.8 0C
D 11.0 0C
Diagram 2
A I and II only
B III and IV only
C I, II, and IV only
D I, II, III, and IV
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3. The equation below shows a displacement reaction and its heat of reaction.
Which of the following statements are true about the reaction represented by the above
equation?
I Magnesium is oxidized
II The reaction is exothermic
III The temperature decrease during the reaction.
IV The heat released by reacting 0.2 mole of ferrum(II) ions is 37.8 kJ.
A I and II only
B II and IV only
C III and IV only
D I, II, and IV only
4. Yogurt is prepared by adding 20.0 cm3 of lime juice into 200.0 cm3 of fresh milk. It is found
that the temperature of the yogurt increase by 2.00C.
What is the total amount of heat released?
Use the information that the specific heat capacity of yogurt = X J g-1 0C-1.
Assume that 1 cm3 of solution is equal to 1 gram of solution.
A 40X J
B 220X J
C 400X J
D 440X J
5. The following equation shows the combustion of heptane, C7H16, in excess oxygen.
A 25.0g
B 36.0g
C 77.0g
D 88.0g
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6. The following is the energy level diagram of a reaction.
HNO3 + NaOH
Energy
H = -57 kJ mol-1
NaNO3+H2O
Which of the following acids is suitable to replace nitric acid, HNO3 to obtain the same H
value?
7. In experiment 100 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid solution is mixed with 100cm3 sodium
hydroxide solution in a polystyrene cup. The concentrations of the two solutions are the same.
During the mixing the temperature of the mixture increased by 70C. What is the heat released
in the experiment?
Given that the specific heat capacity of the solution 4.2J g-1 0C-1.
A. 1470 J
B. 2940 J
C. 4410 J
D. 5880 J
8. The reaction between 25.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid and 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide
solution release the heat of 2100 J.
What is the temperature change of the mixture?
[Specific heat capacity of a solution = 4.2 J g-1 0C-1;
Assume that 1 cm3 of a solution is equal to 1 g of the solution]
A 1 0C
B 2 0C
C 10 0C
D 20 0C
9. The following information shows the combustion of an experiment to determine the heat
change for the combustion of propanol, C3H7OH.
A 34.65 kJ
B 51.66 kJ
C 86.31 kJ
D 120.96 kJ
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10. Diagram 3 shows the mercury level of thermometer in a reaction.
Diagram 3
A Endothermic reaction
B Exothermic reaction
C Bond breaking in the reactants absorbs energy
D The amount of energy in the product is higher than that of the reactants
A -042 kJ mol-1
B -048 kJ mol-1
C -420 kJ mol-1
D -480 kJ mol-1
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12. Diagram 4 shows an energy level diagram.
Energy
OH- + H+
H = - 57 kJ mol-1
H2O
Diagram 4
13. The following equation shows the reaction between Ag+ and Cl- ions.
OH (aq) + H + (aq)
Energy
H2O (l)
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15. The diagram below shows the energy profile of a reaction.
16. The following chemical equation shows the reaction of the formation of lead(II) sulphate
precipitate.
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17. The reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is an exothermic reaction. The
heat of reaction is 57 kJ mol-1. Which of the following energy level diagrams represents the
reaction?
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Energy
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Energy
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H = - 57kJ mol-1
Energy
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
H = - 57kJ mol-1
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Energy
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
H = + 57kJ mol-1
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
18. Which of the following is true about the heat of combustion, H for ethanol, propanol and
butanol?
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19. The following equation shows a combustion reaction of methanol.
A
Energy
CH3OH + 3/2O2
CO2 + 2H2O
B
Energy
CO2OH + 2H2O
CH3OH + 3/2O2
C
Energy
CO2OH + 2H2O
CH3OH + 3/2O2
D
Energy
CH3OH + 3/2O2
CO2 + 2H2O
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20. The following equation shows the reaction between silver nitrate, AgNO3, and sodium
chloride, NaCI.
21. In an experiment, 2.4g of magnesium powder is added to 100 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm -3 copper(II)
sulphate solution. The temperature of the mixture increases by 1.0 0 C.
What is the heat of reaction in the experiment ?
[specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 ; Relative atomic mass of Mg = 24]
A -0.42 kJ mol -1
B -0.48 kJ mol -1
C -4.20 kJ mol -1
D -4.80 kJ mol -1
Products
Energy
H= +ve
Reactants
Diagram 5
A Heat is absorbed
B The products are more stable than the reactants
C The surrounding temperature increases during the reaction
D The total energy of the reactants is more than the total energy of the products
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23. The following is a thermochemical equation.
What is the heat change when 3.2 g of copper is formed in this reaction ?
[Relative atomic mass: Cu = 64]
A 1.37 kJ
B 7.50 kJ
C 46.90 kJ
D 480.00 kJ
25. Diagram 6 shows an energy level diagram for the decomposition of calcium carbonate.
CaO + CO2
Energy
Diagram 6
Zn + Cu 2+ Zn 2+ + Cu ; H = -210 kJ mol -1
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27. 100 cm 3 of water is heated by the burning of a sample of ethanol. The heat released by the
combustion is 10.5 kJ. What is the maximum increases in temperature of the water ?
[specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 ]
A 0.025 0 C
B 0.25 0 C
C 2.5 0 C
D 25 0 C
MARK SCHEME
1. D 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. D
7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. C
13. D 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. C 18. D
19. A 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B
25. A 26. C 27. D
SPM 2003
1 A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of displacement for the reaction
between copper and silver nitrate solution. In this experiment, excess copper powder was added to
100 cm3 of silver nitrate solution 0.5 mol dm-3. The heat of displacement in this experiment was -
105 kJ mol-1.
[Specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.2 Jg-1 0C-1,and the density of the solution is 1g cm-3]
[1 mark]
(b) Beside the data given above, state one other piece of data that is needed to calculate the heat
of displacement.
[1 mark]
(c) State one precaution that must be taken while carrying out the experiment.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(ii) State the reason for the observation in (d)(i).
[1 mark]
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(e) Based on the information from this experiment, calculate
(i) the number of moles of silver ions reacted. [1 mark]
(f) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction in this experiment. [2 marks]
(g) The experiment is repeated using 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution and
excess copper powder. Calculate the temperature change in this experiment.
Explain why this change of temperature is different from that in (e) (iii).
[3 marks]
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MARK SCHEME (SPM 2003)
(a) Heat that is released when 1 mole of metal is displaced from its salt solution by a more
electropositive metal
(b) Initial temperature and maximum temperature of the solution // temperature change
(c ) Stir the solution //The container is wrapped with an insulator // The container is covered //
Plastic /Polystrene container // Carried out in minimal air movement
(Accept any one)
(d) Shiny grey solid deposited//Colourless solution turn blue //Container becomes hot//
temperature increases
(Choose either one)
(f)
Energy Cu + Ag+
H=-105 kJ mol -1
Cu2+ + Ag
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SPM 2004 (Q4)
Diagram 4 shows the set-up of the apparatus of an experiment to determine the heat of
precipitation. 25.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution is reacted with 25.0 cm3 of
0.5 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution. As a result there is a change in temperature of the mixture
and white precipitate is formed.
Diagram 4
(b) (i) Based on the change of temperature in the experiment, state the type of reaction that
occurred.
[1 mark]
(ii) How is the total energy of the products different from the total energy of the reactants?
[1 mark]
(c) State one step that should be taken while adding the two solution in order to get a more
accurate result.
[1 mark]
(d) The ionic equation for the precipitation reaction of silver chloride is:
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(i) What is the number of moles of Ag+ ions that reacted with Cl- ions? [1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the heat change of the precipitation reaction that has taken place. Use the
information that the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 and density water is
1 g cm-3? [2 marks]
kJ/mol
(e) The calculated value of the heat of precipitation for this reaction is less than the actual value.
Give a reason.
[1 mark]
(g)
energy H + + OH -
H = -50.4 kJ mol -1
H 2O
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SPM 2005 (Q3 & Q5)
Diagram 3
(a) Complete the ionic equation for the reaction that occurred.
Zn + Cu 2+
[1 mark]
[2 marks]
Heat of displacement =
[2 marks]
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(c ) Draw the energy level diagram for reaction.
[2 marks]
(d) It was found that the heat of displacement value in (b)(i) is not the same as
the actual value.
Suggest one step that must be taken to get a more accurate value.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(f) The pupil repeats the experiment, replacing the metal zinc with metal X.
The following equation shows the reaction and the value of heat of displacement of
metal iron and metal X.
Equation I:
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) , H=-150kJ mol-1
Equation II:
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4 (aq) + Cu(s), H=-100kJ mol-1
[1 mark]
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2. (a) What is the meaning of the heat of combustion of an alcohol?
[1 mark]
(b) Table 5 shows the heat of combustion of three types of alcohol.
The number of carbon atoms and the attractive force between molecules are among the
factors that affect the value of heat of combustion.
Table 5
(i) Use data from Table 5 to draw the graph of the heat of combustion against number of
carbon atoms on the graph paper below.
[2 marks]
(ii) Based on the graph in (b)(i), as the number of carbon atoms increases so does the
value of the heat of combustion.
Explain why.
[2 marks]
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(iii) Calculate the heat released when 2.3 g of ethanol is completely burnt in air.
Given that the relative atomic mass of C=12, H=1, O=16.
Use the formula:
Heat released=Number of moles X Heat of combustion
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
(d) Table 5.2 shows the freezing and the boiling points of mercury, methanol, ethanol and
butanol.
Table 5.2
A thermometer may contain mercury or an alcohol.
A mercury thermometer is not suitable to measure the temperature at around -1000C.
Name a suitable alcohol that can be used in a thermometer to measure the temperature at
around -1000C.
Give one reason for your choice.
Name of alcohol :
Reason :
[2 marks]
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MARK SCHEME (SPM 2005)
1. (a) Zn 2+ + Cu
(b) (i) H = 100 x 4.2 x 20 = 8400 J
(ii) Number of moles CuSO4 reacted = [0.5 x 100]/1000 = 0.5 mole
Heat of displacement = mc/number of moles
= 8400/0.05
= 168,000 J mol -1.
= 168 kJ mol -1
(c ) Energy Zn + Cu 2+
H= - 168 kJmol -1
Zn2+ + Cu
2. (a) the heat released when 1 mole of alcohol is completely burnt in excess oxygen.
(b) (i)
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(ii) the greater the number of carbon atoms, more products are formed which
causes more heat to be released during the formation of bonds.
(iii) relative molecular mass of ethanol
= (12 x 2) + (1 x 6) + 16 = 46
Number of moles ethanol = 2.3/46 = 0.5 mole
Heat released = 0.05 x 1376 = 68.8 kJ = 68 800 J
(c )
(d) 1.ethanol
2. the freezing point of ethanol is -177 0 C which lower than -100 0 C
10. Table 10 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried out to study
the rate or reaction of zinc with two acids, P and Q.
Table 10
(a) (i) By choosing either Experiment I or Experiment II, state the name
or the acid used. Write the chemical equation for the reaction of
this acid with zinc. [ 2 marks]
(i) Draw an energy positive profile diagram for the reaction in 10(a)(i).On the energy
profile diagram show the:
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(b) The graph in Diagram 10 shows the results of Experiment I and Experiment II.
Diagram 10
(ii) Explain the different in the rate of reaction between Experiment I and
Experiment II before 160s.
Used the collision theory in your explanation. [6 marks]
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MARK SCHEME (SPM 2007)
ii. Energy
1. Reaction is an exothermic
2. the reactants contain more energy than the products.
3. H is the energy difference in the reactants and in the products.
4. Heat given out during bond formation is greater than
heat absorbed during bond breaking.
5. Activation energy, Ea must be overcome in order for
the reaction to take place
6. The use of a catalyst reduces the activation energy
7. The use of a catalyst increases the frequency of effective collisions
(b) (ii)
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SPM 2008 (Q6)
The thermochemical equation for the neutralization reaction between nitric acid and sodium
hydroxide solution is given below.
[1 mark]
(b) based on the given thermochemical equation, state one observation when dilute nitric acid is
added to sodium hydroxide solution.
Explain your answer
[2 marks]
(c ) In an experiment 100 cm 3 of 2 mol dm -3 nitric acid solution was added to 100 cm 3 of 2.0
mol dm -3 sodium hydroxide solution.
[specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g -1 oC -1 ; Density of solution = 1 g cm -3 ]
Calculate:
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
(d) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction between nitric acid and sodium hydroxide.
[2 marks]
(e) Nitric acid and ethanoic acid both react with sodium hydroxide by a neutralization reaction.
Explain why the heat of neutralization for each reaction is slightly different.
[2 marks]
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MARK SCHEME SPM 2008
(a) Heat change when 1 mole of water is formed from the neutralization between acid and alkali.
/ Heat released when 1 mole of hydrogen ions reacts with 1 mole of hydroxide ions to form
1 mole of water.
(b) observation: the mixture become hot
Explanation: the reaction is exothermic/heat is released/energy of reactant is higher
than product
(c ) (i) no of moles of NaOH = [100 x 2]/1000 = 0.2
Energy released = 0.2 x 57.3 = 11.46 kJ
H = -50.3 kJ mol -1
NaNO3 + H2O
(e) 1. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid and nitric acid is a strong acid
2. energy used to ionize nitric acid is higher than ethanoic acid.
Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the heat of neutralization between nitric acid and
sodium hydroxide solution.
Diagram 6
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Table 6 shows the result of this experiment.
Table 6
[1 mark]
(b) Calculate:
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[3 marks]
(d) The experiment is repeated using 25 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm -3 of ethanoic acid to replace the
nitric acid.
The heat of neutralization using ethanoic acid is 55.0 kJ mol -1
Explain the difference of the heat of neutralization.
[3 marks]
(e) give one reason why a copper container cannot replace the polystyrene cup in this experiment.
[1 mark]
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MARK SCHEME SPM 2008
(a) Heat change when 1 mole of water is formed from the neutralization between acid and alkali.
/ Heat released when 1 mole of hydrogen ions reacts with 1 mole of hydroxide ions to form
1 mole of water.
(b) (i) Heat released = (25+25) x 4.2 x 6.8 = 1428 J
(ii) number of moles of nitric acid = [1.0 x 25]/1000
= 0.025 mol
(iii) heat of neutralization = 1428/0.025 = -57.12 kJ mol -1
(c)
H = -58.12 kJ mol -1
NaNO3 + H2O
(d) 1. the heat of neutralization for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and nitric acid
is higher than the heat of neutralization between ethanoic acid and
sodium hydroxide..
2. nitric acid is a strong acid and ethanoic acid is a weak acid
3. heat is used/absorbed to ionize ethanoic acid.
(e) copper is a good heat conductor/copper absorbs heat released by the reaction
SPM 2010
Table 10 shows the heat of neutralization of two different monoprotic acid, P and Q, with sodium
hydroxide solution
Table 10
(a) (i) Based on the information in Table 10, state one example which could be acid P
and one which could be acid Q.
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain why there is a difference in the value of the heat of neutralization.
[4 marks]
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(b) Calculate the change in temperature of the mixture in experiment I.
[specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g -1 oC -1 ]
[4 marks]
(c )By using one of the acid in (a)(i), describe one experiment to determine the heat of
neutralization.
Your answer should consist of the following:
Procedure of the experiment
The method to calculate the heat of neutralization.
[10 marks]
MARK SCHEME SPM 2010
Calculation:
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PAPER 3
SPM 2006
Experiment I
Reaction between 25 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, 2.0 mol dm -3 and 25 cm 3 of
ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, 2.0 mol dm -3.
0
Initial temperature of the mixture : . C
0
Highest temperature of the mixture: C
0
Change in temperature: C
Experiment II
Reaction between 25 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, 2.0 mol dm -3 and 25 cm 3 of
hydrochloric acid, 2.0 mol dm -3.
Diagram 1.1
(a) Write the initial and the highest temperature of the mixture and change in temperature for
experiment I in Diagram 1.1
[3 marks]
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(b) construct a table that can be used to record the data from both experiments.
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
(d) Based on the temperature in Experiment I, predict the change in temperature in experiment II.
[3 marks]
(e) Why must the initial temperature and the highest temperature be recorded in these experiment
?
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
(g) state three observations that you could obtain in experiment I other than the change in
temperature.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
[3 marks]
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(i) Diagram 1.2 shows the calculation to determine the heat of neutralization for the reaction in
Experiment I and Experiment II.
Experiment I
Heat released = mc
= 50g x 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 x 0 C
= xJ
Experiment II
Heat released = mc
= 50g x 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 x T3 0 C
= yJ
Diagram 1.2
[3 marks]
(ii) It was found that the value of y is greater than the value of x.
Explain why.
Table 1
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MARK SCHEME SPM 2006
(b)
Suhu awal/ 0C Suhu tertinggi/ 0C
I
II
Arah kesan
Lebih tinggi/ rendah
1 HCl/ asid kuat menghasilkan (haba peneutralan) / (perubahan/ kenaikan suhu) yang
lebih tinggi/ rendah daripada asid etanoik/ lemah atau sebaliknya.
2 Jenis asid yang berlainan/ berbeza menghasilkan (haba peneutralan)/ (perubahan/
kenaikan suhu) yang berbeza/ berlainan/ sama.
(d) 12 < 15
(f) Menolak suhu tertinggi/ akhir dengan suhu awal // suhu tertinggi - suhu awal// suhu
akhir - suhu awal
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(ii) 1. perubahan suhu eksperimen II/ y lebih tinggi.
2. Eks. II menggunakan asid kuat, Eks. I menggunakan asid lemah.
3. HCl adalah asid kuat, CH3COOH adalah asid lemah.
(j)
Nama asid Jenis asid
Asid etanoik lemah
Asid hidroklorik Kuat
Asid metanoik lemah
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SPM 2007
Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up for Experiments I, II, III and IV. The magnification of the
thermometers shows the readings of the initial temperature and the highest or lowest temperature in
each experiment.
(a) (i) Record the temperature readings in the spaces provided in Diagram 1.1
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Diagram 1.1
(ii) Construct a table to show all the data in each of these experiments.
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(b) A student repeated Experiment I several times.
(i) State three things that must kept constant in these experiments.
1.
2.
3.
(i) State the temperature change and give two reasons for the change.
Temperature change:
Reason 1:
Reason 2 :
(ii) State the operational definition for the reaction that takes place
Diagram 1.2
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(i) State three observations shown in Diagram 1.2
1.
2.
3.
(ii) The following chemical equation represents the reaction in Experiment IV.
HCl (aq) + NaHCO3 (aq) NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Based on the chemical equation, and the answer in 1(e)(i), what inference can be
made from Experiment IV ?
(iii) Sketch a graph to show the change in the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced
against time.
(ii)
(iii)
(b) (i)
1. volume/mass/mole/weight of water.
(isipadu/jisim/bil. Mol/berat air).
2. polystyrene cup.
(cawan polistirena).
3. thermometer.
(termometer).
4. mass/mole/weight of sodium hydroxide.
(jisim/bil. Mol/berat natrium hidroksida.
5. size of sodium hydroxide.
(saiz natrium hidroksida).
6. size of cup.
(saiz cawan).
7. sodium hydroxide and water
(natrium hidroksida dan air).
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(ii) The reaction between sodium hydroxide and water is (an exothermic reaction)/(released
heat/energy)/(an endothermic reaction)/(absorbed heat/energy).// The reaction between sodium
hydroxide and water result in increase/decrease in temperature.//When sodium hydroxide is
dissolved in water (an exothermic reaction occurs)/(heat/energy is released)/(an endothermic
reaction occurs)/(heat/energy is absorbed).
(Tindak bals antara natrium hidroksida dan air adalah( tindak balas eksotermik)/(membebaskan
haba/tenaga)/(tindak balas endotermik)/(menyerap haba/tenaga).//Tindak balas antara natrium
hidroksida dan air menghasilkan peningkatan/penurunan suhu.//Apabila natrium hidroksida larut
dalam air (tindak balas eksotermik berlaku)/(haba/tenaga dibebaskan)/(tindak balas endotermik
berlaku)/(haba/tenaga di serap)).
(iii)
1. Manipulated variable
(Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasi)
Mass/moles/weighs of sodium hydroxide// volume/mass/weighs/moles of water.
(Jisim/mol/berat natrium hidroksida // Isipadu/jisim/berat/mol air).
2. Direction of the responding variable
(Arah pemboleh ubah bergerakbalas)
3. Change in temperature increases/decreases/higher/lower.
(Perubahan suhu (meningkat)/(berkurang)/(lebih tinggi/rendah).
(c ) (i)
1. Heat/energy is absorbed // Endothermic reaction.
(Haba/tenaga diserap) // Tindak balas endotermik.
2. The energy of the products is more than the energy of the reactants.
(Tenaga hasil tindak balas lebih tinggi daripad tenaga bahan tindak balas).
3. The heat/energy absorbed during the bond breaking is greater/(>) than the
heat/energy released during the bond making.
(Haba/tenaga diserap semasa pemecahan ikatan (lebih besar)/(>)
daripada haba/tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa pembentukan ikatan.
(ii) The decrease in temperature shows that endothermic reaction happens where heat/ energy is
absorbed from the surroundings.
(Penurunan suhu menunjukkan tindak balas endotermik berlaku di mana haba/ tenaga
diserap dari persekitaran).
(e) (i) 1. Final temperature is lower than the initial temperature // The temperature
decreases // Level of mercury decreases // termometer reading decreases.
(Suhu akhir lebih rendah daripada suhu awal // Suhu menurun // Aras raksa
menurun // bacaan termometer menurun
2. Bubbles released // effervescence.
(Gelembung // pembuakan). a: air bubbles/gelembung udara. r:buih
3. The volume of the solution is greater/more/higher/increases. //
Lavel of solution increases.
(Isipadu larutan adalah (lebih tinggi)/(bertambah) // aras larutan bertambah.
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(ii) (Endothermic reaction)/(Heat/energy is absorbed) when hydrochloric acid/HCl reacts with
sodium hydrogen carbonate/NaHCO3 to produce sodium chloride /NaCl, carbon dioxide/ CO2
and water /H2O.
((Tindak balas endotermik)/(Haba/tenaga diserap) apabila asid hidroklorik /HCl bertindak
balas dengan natrium hidrogen karbonat / NaHCO3 menghasilkan natrium klorida / NaCl,
karbon dioksida /CO2 dan air /H2O.)
(iii) Volume of
carbon dioxide
gas/cm3/dm3
Time/s/min.
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CHAPTER: PERIODIC TABLE and CHEMICAL BOND
SPM 2003
1 Figure 1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide.
Lid
Magnesium Crucible
ribbon
Heat
Figure 1
Result:
Mass of crucible + lid = 24.0 g
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon = 26.4 g
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide = 28.0 g
[1 mark]
(i) calculate the mass of magnesium and the mass of oxygen that have reacted.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
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(iii) determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
[1 mark]
(iv) write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.
[1 mark]
(c) Why was the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment?
(d) Metal X is placed below hydrogen in the reactivity series. You are required to carry out
an
experiment to determine the empirical formula of the oxide of metal X. The apparatus
provided are combustion tube, glass tube, cork, Bunsen burner, and porcelain dish.
(i) Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.
[2 marks]
(ii) Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure that all the air in the combustion
tube has been expelled.
[3 marks]
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2 Figure 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.
Figure 2
[1 mark]
(b) In Figure 2, mark X in the boxes for all the transition elements.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(e) (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between aluminium and oxygen gas.
[1 mark]
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(ii) Briefly state the electron transfer in the bond formation between aluminium and
oxygen.
[2 marks]
(f) Based on the above informations, which gas is more suitable to be used in meteorological
balloons?
[1 mark]
SPM 2004
1 Figure 1 shows the chemical symbols which represent three elements X, Y and Z.
Figure 1
(b) The reaction between atoms of X and Y forms an ionic compound whereas the reaction
between atoms of Y and Z forms a covalent compound.
Based on the above statement, explain how these ionic and covalent compounds are
formed.
[8 marks]
(c ) The ionic compound formed from the reaction between element X and Y is able to
conduct electricity when it is melted or dissolve in water.
Describe how you could prove that this statement is correct. [8 marks]
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SPM 2005
Figure 1
(a) Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Figure 1, answer the
following questions.
You may use the Periodic Table of the Elements at the back.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(b) Arrange Q,R,T,X and Y according to the increase in size of the atoms.
[1 mark]
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(c ) Write the electron arrangement for an atom of element Q.
[1 mark]
(d) Write the formula for the ion formed from an atom of element Y.
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(f) When a small piece of element T is put into water, TOH solution is formed and
hydrogen gas is released.
State one observation when red litmus paper is put into the solution.
[1 mark]
(g) State the common name of the elements between group 2 and group 13.
[1 mark]
6 (a) Isotops are used for example in medicine, industry, science and archeology.
Choose two of the above examples.
State an isotope and its purpose I ach example that you have chosen.
[4 marks]
(b) Figure 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of a molecule PQ2.
These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
[4 marks]
Figure 10.1
Based on Figure 10.1, write the electron arrangement for atoms of element P and element
Q.
Explain the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of the Elements.
[6 marks]
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(c) Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X, and Y.
These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Table 10.2
Using the information in Table 10.2, explain how two compounds can be formed from
these elements based on their electron arrangements.
The two compounds should have different bond types.
[10 marks]
SPM 2006
1 (a) (i) What is the concept introduced by Dmitri Mendeleeve to simplify the
idea of atomic mass and the volume of gas?
[1 mark]
(ii) Based on the concept 2(a)(i), what is the chemical symbol used to
represent one water molecule?
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Based on the concept in 2(a)(i), what is the mass of 6.0 dm3 of
carbon dioxide gas,CO2, at standard temperature and pressure?
[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at standard temperature and pressure;
Relative atomic mass for CO2=44]
[2 marks]
(ii) How many molecules are there in 6.0 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas?
[Avogadros number = 6.02 X 1023]
[1 mark]
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(iii) Explain briefly the relationship between the volume, mass and the
number of molecules of carbon dioxide in 2(b)(i) and 2(b)(ii) at standard
temperature and pressure.
[3 marks]
[1 mark]
(ii) Name one other element that has the same stability gas argon.
[1 mark]
Diagram 3.1
(i) How are sodium ion and chloride ion formed from their respective atoms?
Sodium ion : ..
Chloride ion:.
[2 marks]
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(ii) Name the force that exists between these ions in the compound.
[1 mark]
(iii) The melting point of sodium chloride, NaCl, is 801 0C and its boiling points
is 1413 0C. What will happen to the ions in this compound at 900 0C ?
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark ]
(ii) Name one other element that has the same stability as argon.
[1 mark ]
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(d) Diagram 3.2 shows the proton number and nucleon number for two elements, X and Y.
The letters used do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
Diagram 3.2
[3 marks]
3 Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show the diagrams of the electron arrangement for atoms of two
elements from group 17 in the Periodic Table of Elements.
(i) Write the electron arrangement for the atom of the element and name
the element.
[2 marks]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between this element and
sodium hydroxide.
[2 marks]
(b) Compare the attractive force between the nuclei and the valance electrons in
the atoms in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 and relate this to their respective reactivity.
[6 marks]
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(c) Another element in Group 17 is a black coloured solid.
Predict the reactivity of this element I its reaction with sodium hydroxide
compared to that of the element in Diagram 8.2.
[1 mark]
(d) Diagram 8.3 shows the set up of the apparatus to investigate the reaction of an element
from Group 17 with iron metal.
Diagram 8.3
(i) State two precautions that must be taken while carrying out the experiment.
[2 marks]
(ii) Describe and write the chemical equations for the reaction that occur in Part G
and Part H.
[6 marks]
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CHAPTER 6 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY
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4. Diagram 8 shows the apparatus set-up of a chemical cell used to light up a bulb
Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan alat radas bagi satu sel kimia yang digunakan untuk
menyalakan sebuah mentol.
Q S
A Magnesium /magnesium Magnesium chloride/Magnesium klorida
B Aluminium /aluminium Aluminium nitrate/Aluminium nitrat
C Iron /ferum Iron (II) sulphate/Ferum(II) sulfat
D Zinc/Zink Zinc chloride/zink klorida
SPM 2007 NO 27
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5. Table 1 shows the results for displacement reaction to determine the Electrochemical Series.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan tindak balas penyesaran bagi menentukan Siri
Elektrokimia.
6. Which of the following is the correct position of the metals, in ascending order of the
tendency of the metals to form ions?
Antara yang berikut , yang manakah kedudukan betul dalam tertib menaik bagi logam-logam
itu dalam kecenderungannya membentuk ion?
A. W, Z,Y,X
B. W,Y,Z,X
C. X,Z,Y,W
D. X,Y,W,Z
SPM 2007 NO 28
7. A student has an iron ring. He wants to make the ring more beautiful and durable to give his
friend as a present. What is the best way to do it?
Seorang murid mempunyai sebentuk cincin besi. Dia ingin menjadikan cincin itu lebih
cantik dan tahan lama untuk dihadiahkan kepada rakannya. Apakah langkah yang paling
baik dilakukan?
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8. Diagram 15 shows an apparatus set-up for a chemical cell prepared by a teacher.
Rajah 15 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi sel kimia yang disediakan untuk seorang guru.
The teacher asked one student to modify the chemical cell so that the voltmeter would give a
higher reading. What modification should the student make?
Guru itu meminta seorang murid mengubahsuai sel kimia itu supaya voltmeter memberikan
bacaan yang lebih tinggi. Apakah pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan oleh murid itu?
10. Diagram 7 shows four chemical cells using the electrode pairs P-S,P-R,Q-S, and Q-R. Find
the voltage value of cell IV?
Rajah 7 menunjukkan empat sel kimia menggunakan pasangan elektrod P-S, P-R,Q-S, dan
Q-R. Carikan nilai voltan sel IV.
A. 0.32V B. 0.71 V
C. 0.39V D. 0.90V
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SPM 2006 NO 25
11. Diagram 8 shows the set up of the apparatus for the electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate
solution.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi elektrolisis kuprum (II) sulfat.
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A. OH- ion is discharged at the anode
Ion OH- dinyahcas di anod
B. H+ ion is discharged at the cathode
Ion H+ dinyahcas di katod
C. SO42- ion is discharged at the anode
Ion SO42- dinyahcas di anod
D. Cu2+ ion is discharged at the cathode
Ion Cu2+ dinyahcas di katod
SPM 2006 NO 26
12. Diagram 13 shows the set up of the apparatus to plate an iron spoon with silver
Rajah 13 menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk menyadur sudu besi dengan argentum
After 30 minutes it was found that no plating take place on the iron spoon.
What should be done?
Selepas 30 minit didapati tiada penyaduran berlaku pada sudu besi. Apakah yang perlu
dilakukan?
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13. Diagram 15 shows the set up of the apparatus to build a chemical cell
Rajah 15 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyadur sudu besi dengan argentum
A. Acetamide
asetamida
B. Aluminium
aluminium
C. Ethyl propanoate
Etil propanoat
D. Lead (II) bromide
Plumbum (II) bromida
SPM 2005 NO 4
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15. The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus of a chemical cell
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas satu sel kimia.
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16. The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus of a simple chemical cell.
The reading on the voltmeter is 0.3 V
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu sel kimia ringkas. Bacaan voltmeter ialah
0.3 V.
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17. The diagram shows four simple chemical cells.
Rajah menunjukkan empat sel kimia ringkas
A Cell I
Sel I
B Cell II
Sel II
C Cell III
Sel III
D Cell IV
Sel IV
SPM 2005 NO 43
18. The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus for electrolysis
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam proses elektrolisis
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19. The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus used to electroplate an iron key with copper.
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menyadur kunci besi dengan
kuprum.
20. The table shows the results of a reaction between halogen and halide solution to determine
the reactivity of the halogen
Jadual menunjukkan keputusan tindak balas antara halogen dengan larutan halide untuk
menentukan kereaktifan halogen.
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21. The diagram shows the set up of the apparatus of a simple chemical cell
Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas sel kimia ringkas
Metal X Metal Y
Logam X Logam Y
A Aluminium Magnesium
B Lead /plumbum Aluminium /aluminium
C Aluminium /aluminium Copper /kuprum
D Lead /plumbum Zinc /zink
SPM 2004 NO 39
A 0.85
B 1.01
C 1.86
D 2.31
SPM 2004 NO 50
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Diagram 7
23. Diagram 7 shows the set up of apparatus for the electrolysis of ferrum(II) sulphate
solution.
What is formed at carbon electrode X?
Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi elektrolisis larutan ferum (II) sulfat .
Apakah yang terbentuk pada elektrod X?
A I and IV only
B II and III only
C I ,II and III only
D I, II, III and IV SPM 2003 N0 33
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STRUCTURED QUESTION PAPER 2
Question 1:
Table 6 shows the description and observation for two experiments , I and II.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan penerangan dan pemerhatian bagi dua eksperimen I dan II.
Based on Experiment I :
Berdasarkan Eksperimen I:
[3 marks]
State how you would verify that the gas released at the cathode is hydrogen
Nyatakan bagaimana anda mengesahkan bahawa gas yang terbebas di katod adalah hydrogen.
Based on Experiment II :
Berdasarkan Eksperimen II:
The white powder formed is magnesium oxide
Serbuk putih yang dihasilkan ialah magnesium oksida.
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Write the formula for Magnesium oxide. Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes
place.
Tuliskan formula magnesium oksida. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
MgO
2Mg + O2 2MgO
[1 mark]
State the oxidation number for each of the elements in magnesium oxide
Nyatakan nombor pengoksidaan bagi setiap unsure dalam sebatian magnesium oksida
Magnesium = +2
Oxygen = -2 [2 marks]
SPM 2005 No 6
Question 2:
Diagram 3 shows the set up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of dilute copper(II)
sulphate solution.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kuprum (II) sulfat cair.
Diagram 3/Rajah 3
(ii) What is the energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process?
Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam proses elektrolisis itu ?
Electrical to chemical
[1 mark]
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(b) In the electrolysis of dilute copper (II) sulphate solution:
Didalam proses elektrolisis larutan kuprum (II) sulfat cair:
(ii) In the table below, write the ions in b(i) which moved to electrodes X and Y.
Dalam jadual dibawah, tuliskan ion-ion yang bergerak ke elektrod X dan
elektrod Y
[1 mark]
Blue [1mark]
(c) (i) Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrode X.
Namakan gas yang terkumpul di dalam tabung uji
dielektrod X.
Oxygen [1 mark]
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(ii) The volume of gas collected at electrode X is 20.0 cm3.
Isipadu gas yang terkumpul di elektrod X ialah 20.0 cm 3
How many moles of the gas were collected?
Use the information that 1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 24.0 dm3 at room
temperature and pressure.
Berapakah bilangan mol gas yang terkumpul ?
Gunakan maklumat 1 mol menempati 24. 0 dm 3 ruang pada suhu dan tekanan
bilik.
(iii) Based on the answer in c(ii) what is the number of gas molecules collected /
Use the information that the Avogadro number is 6.02 x 10 23 mol -1
Berdasarkan jawapan pada ( c ) (ii), berapakah bilangan molekul gas yang
dikumpul ?
Gunakan maklumat nombor Avogadro 6.02 x 10 23 mol -1 .
= 0.00083 x 6.02 x 10 23
= 4.99 x 10 20 molecules
[1 mark]
SPM 2004 NO 3
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PAPER 3
A pupil wanted to construct the electrochemical series. He measured the potential difference of a
few pairs of metals.
The set up of the apparatus of his experiment is shown in Diagram 2.1
Seorang murid ingin membina Siri Elektrokimia.
Dia mengukur perbezaan voltan beberapa pasangan logam
Susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
Diagram 2.1
Diagram 2.2 shows the results obtained from the experiment after 30 minutes.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh setelah eksperimen dijalankan
selama 30 minit
.
Diagram 2.2
Describe the change that you would see in the copper (II) sulphate solution during the experiment
Jelaskan perubahan yang anda perhatikan pada larutan kuprum(II) sulfat semasa eksperimen itu.
The blue colour of copper (II) sulphate solution fades.//the intensity of blue becomes
decreases//blue solution becomes light blue//the density of the blue colour is reduced
[3 marks]
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The pupil repeated the experiment by substituting the zinc metal with iron, magnesium and lead.
Each time he used copper metal as the negative electrode and fresh copper(II) sulphate solution.
The following table shows the voltmeter readingshe obtained from the pairs of metals.
Murid itu mengulang eksperimen dengan menggantikan logam zink dengan logam ferum ,
magnesium, dan plumbum.
Pada setiap eksperimen dia menggunakan logam kuprum sebagai elektrod negative dan larutan
kuprum(II) sulfat yang baru.
The following table shows the voltmeter readingshe obtained from the pairs of metals.
Jadual berikut menunjukkan bacaan voltan yang diperoleh daripada pasangan pasangan logam
itu.
The metal as negative terminal Replacing the negative terminal with different
metals
[6 marks]
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State the hypothesis for this experiment
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
The further apart the position of the pair of metals in The Electrochewmical Series,the higher
/bigger/greater/ the voltage value/the reading of voltmeter .
[3 marks]
ESSAY QUESTION
PAPER 3
SPM 2007
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
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Your planning should include the following:
Perancangan anda hendaklah hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut:
III. Hypothesis
Hipotesis
V. Procedure
Prosedur
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MARK SCHEME
Problem statements
How does the position between two metals in the Electrochemical Series affect the voltage?
Variables:
Manipulated : pairs of metals
Responding: voltage//voltmeter reading// potential difference
Constant : electrolyte//the metal as the positive or negative terminal/concentration of the
electrolyte
Hypothesis:
The further the distance of the pair of metals in The Electrochemical Series, the voltage becomes
greater
Materials:
Aluminium,zinc,copper,copper(II) sulphate solution,
Apparatus:
voltmeter, beaker, connecting wires, sand paper
Procedure :
1. Filled Copper (II) sulphate solution into a beaker .
2. Cleaned the metals strip with sand paper
3. Dipped aluminium into the solution and connect it to the voltmeter.
4. Connect the metals to the voltmeter
5. Record the voltmeter readings.
6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 by substituting aluminium with zinc.
Table:
Pairs of metals Voltage (V)
Aluminium and copper
Zinc and copper
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ESSAY QUESTION
SPM 2003
SECTION C NO. 3
Compare and contrast cell P and cell Q. Include in your answer the observation and half
equation for the reactions of the electrodes in both cells.
Banding dan bezakan sel P dan Q. Sertakan dalam jawapan anda pemerhatian setengah
persamaan bagi tindak balas pada elektrod dalam kedua-dua sel.
[8 marks]
(c) A student intends to electroplate an iron key with a suitable metal to beutify it.
Design a laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron key.
Seorang pelajar ingin menyadur elektrik kunci besi dengan satu logam yang sesuai
supaya kelihatan cantik. Reka bentuk satu eksperimen di makmal untuk menyadur
elektrik kunci besi.
Chemicals required
Bahan kimia yang diperlukan
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Procedures of the experiment
Prosedur menjalankan eksperimen
Observation
pemerhatian
[10 marks]
QUESTION 2 ANSWER:
7. observation at anode Copper plate becomes thicker Copper plate becomes thicker
8. observation at cathode Copper plate becomes thinner Copper plate becomes thinner
Materials :
Iron key, silver plate, silver nitrate solution ( 0.5 mol dm-3 ), sandpaper.
Apparatus :
Battery, connecting wires, beaker, ammeter, rheostat.
Procedure :
1. The iron key was polish with sandpaper.
2. The iron key was then connected to the negative terminal of the battery while the silver
plate was connected to the positive terminal of the battery and both are immersed into
the silver nitrate solution.
3. A 0.5 A current was flown across for 30minutes.
4. The iron key was rotated slowly when the experiment was conducted.
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Half equation at anode : Ag Ag+ + e
Half equation at cathode : Ag+ + e Ag
Observations :
Anode : The silver plate becomes thinner.
Cathode : The iron key was coated with a layer of silver.
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2003-2010
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1. The body of th
T he aeroplane shown
s in Diaagram 1 is maade of alloy X.
X
B
Badan kapal teerbang yang ditunjukkan
d d
dalam Rajah 1 di bina darpada aloi X
Diagram
m1
What is allloy X? Rajah 1
Apakah alo oi X ?
A. Peewter
Piiuter
B. Brrass
Lo
oyang
C. Brronze
Gaangsa
D. Duuralumin
2. Diagram 2 sho
D ows porcelainn pots.
R
Rajah 2 menunjukkan pasuu porselin.
Diagram 2
D
Rajah 2
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3. Kaolin is used to make porcelain .A substance is added to kaolin to harden it.
Kaolin digunakan untuk membuat porselin.Satu bahan ditambah kepada kaolin untuk
menambahkan kekerasannya
A. Silicone
Silikon
B. Feldspar
Feldspar
C. Sodium oxide
Natrium oksida
D. Calcium carbonate
Kalsium karbonat
4. The body of an aeroplane is made of duralumin. What is the main metal in duralumin?
Badan kapal terbang dibuat daripada duralumin. Apakah logam utama dalam duralumin?
A. Iron
Besi
B. Copper
Kuprum
C. Aluminium
Aluminium
D. Magnesium
Magnesium
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6. The diagram shows the stages in the production of sulphuric acid using the Contact process.
Gambar rajah menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat dalam pembuatan asid sulfuric menggunakan
Proses Sentuh
Concentrated Sulphuric
acid Substance X
Asid sulfurik pekat Bahan X
Sulphur O2 sulphur dioxide O2 sulphur trioxide oleum sulphuric acid
Sulfur sulfur dioksida sulphur trioksida oleum asid sulfurik
What is substance X ?
Apakah bahan X?
A. Water
Air
B. Sulphur
Sulfur
C. Oxygen
Oksigen
D. Sulphur dioxide
Sulfur dioksida
7. he pictures show two hibiscus plants in soil with different amount of fertility.
Gambar menunjukkan dua pokok bunga raya dalam tanah yang berbeza tahap kesuburannya.
Which of the following combinations of substances can be used to increase the fertility of the soil
of plant P?
Antara kombinasi bahan berikut,yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan
tanan bagi pokok P?
A. Aspirin
B. Cortisone
C. Barbiturate
D. Streptomycin
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9. Which of the following is true about soap or detergent ?
Antara berikut yang manakah benar tentang sabun atau detergen?
10. Diagram 3 shows the effect of a weight that is dropped onto a composite substance and its
original component
Rajah 3 menunjukkan kesan satu beban yang dijatuhkan ke atas bahan komposit dan komponen
asalnya
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
What is the characteristics of the composite substance?
Apakah sifat yang dimiliki oleh bahan komposit itu?
A. Strong and hard
Kuat dan keras
B. Strong and elastic
Kuat dan kenyal
C. Hard and durable
Keras dan mulur
D. Elastic and ductile
Kenyal dan mulur
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11. A decorative glassware maker encountered problem on his products which are fragile.He needs
another material which is transparent but not fragile to replace glass.
What is the most suitable material?
Seorang pembuat barang hiasan kaca menghadapi masalah bahan keluarannya mudah
pecah.Dia memerlukan satu bahan lain yang bersifat lusinar tetapi tidak mudah pecah untuk
menggantkan kaca.
Apakah bahan yang paling sesuai ?
A. Polyethene
Polietena
B. Polypropene
Polipropena
C. Polychloroethane
Polikloroetena
D. Polymethylmethacrylate
E. Polimetilmetakrilat
12. The joint of a students leg is swollen and painful.What medicine is suitable to be given
to the student?
Sendi kaki seorang murid bengkak dan berasa sakit.Apakah ubat yang sesuai diberikan
kepada murid itu?
A. Insulin
Insulin
B. Penicillin
Penisilin
C. Barbiturate
Barbiturat
D. Paracetamol
Parasetamol
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14. Which composite material contains a mixture of cement and steel?
Antara bahan komposit berikut yang manakah mengandungi campuran simen dan keluli?
A. Fibre glass
Kaca gentian
B. Superconductor
Superkonduktor
C. Reinforced concrete
Konkrit diperkukuhkan
D. Photochromic glass
Kaca fotokromik
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
A. Soap
Sabun
B. Detergent
Detergen
C. Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
D. Carboxylic acid
Asid karboksilik
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17. Which substance is commonly used to manufacture dyes and detergents?
Bahan manakah yang lazim digunakan untuk membuat pewarna dan detergen?
A. Sulphuric acid
Asid sulfurik
B. Phosphoric acid
Asid fosforik
C. Sodium chloride
Natrium klorida
D. Ammonium chloride
Ammonium klorida
What is material Y?
Apakah bahan Y
A. Brass
loyang
B. Steel
Keluli
C. Borosilicate glass
Kaca borosilikat
D. Photochromic glass
Kaca fotokromik
A. Insulin
Insulin
B. Penicillin
Penisilin
C. Streptomycin
Streptomaisin
D. Paracetamol
Parasetamol
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20. Which of the following is not a function of food additives?
Antara berikut yang manakah bukan fungsi bahan tambah makanan?
A. 10.6 %
B. 12.3 %
C. 13.3 %
D. 21.2 %
22. In order to produce a glass that is more resistant to heat and chemicals, substance
X is added to soda lime glass in the manufacturing process.
What is X?
Bagi menghasilkan kaca yang lebih tahan terhadap haba dan bahan kimia,bahan X
ditambah ke dalam kaca soda kapur dalam prose pembuatannya.
Apakah X?
A. Boron oxide
Boron oksida
B. Lead (II) oxide
Plumbum(II) oksida
C. Sodium carbonate
Natrium karbonat
D. Calcium carbonate
Kalsium karbonat
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24. Which substance is a coomposite maaterial?
Bahan mannakah adalahh bahan kompposit ?
A. Alloy
B. Glass
C. Cerammics
D. Fibre glass
g
Diagram
m5
Rajah 5
Suubstance N has
h the follow
wing propertiees:
B
Bahan N mem
mpunyai sifat berikut
b :
Strong
kuat
Can withsttand weatheriing
Tahan hakkisan
Not an electrical conductor
Bukan konnduktor elektrrik
A. Concrrete
Konkrrit
B
B. Marblle
Marma ar
C
C. Ceram
mic
Seram
mik
D
D. Soda lime
l glass
Kaca soda
s kapur
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SECTION A
(ii) Complete the anion part of the soap in the space provided
Lengkapkan bahagian anion bagi zarah sabun itu dalam ruang yang disediakan
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(dd) Diagraam 1.1 show ws part of the washing
w actioon of detergennt particles onn a grease stained
cloth
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkkan sebahaggian daripadaa pencucian oleh
o zarah dettergen ke ataas
kotoraan bergris padda kain
Diagram 1.1
D
Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.2
1
Rajah 1.22
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2. Diagram 2.1 sh
D hows a gingerr plan. Gingger can be useed as a traditioonal medicinee
R
Rajah 2.1 mennunjukkan sattu pokok haliaa.Halia bolehh digunakan sebagai
s ubat tradisional.
t
Diaagram 2.1
R
Rajah 2.1
[1 mark]
(iii) How is gingger used to trreat the illnesss in 1(a)(ii)?
Bagaimanaakah cara hallia digunakann untuk meraw wat penyakit di
d 1(a)(ii)?
(b) Table 2.1 shows thee function of three types off medicine.
Jaduall 2.1 menunjuukkan fungsi tiga
t jenis ubaat moden.
Tabble 2.1
Jaddual 2.1
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(i) Complete Table 2.1 to show which medicines have the functions given in the
table
Lengkapkan Jadual 2.1 untuk menunjukkan ubat yang mempunyai fungsi yang
dinyatakan dalam jadual itu.
(ii) What is the side effect of medicine of type X if it is used by a child of less than
2 years old?
Apakah kesan sampingan ubat jenis X sekiranya digunakan oleh kanak-kanak
yang berusia kurang 2 tahun?
[1 mark]
(iii) A patient treated by medicine of type Y must be complete all the supply give by
the doctor in order to make sure all the bacteria are killed.
What will happen if not all the bacteria are killed.
Seorang pesakit yang dirawat menggunakan ubat jenis y perlu menghabiskan
semua bekalan ubat yang diberi oleh doktor untuk memastikan semua bacteria
telah dibunuh.
Apakah akan berlaku sekiranya tidak semua bacteria dibunuh?
[1mark]
[1 mark]
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3. D
Diagram 3 sho
ows how amm
monium sulphhate is produceed
Diaggram 3
Rajjah 3
1. __
____________________________________________________
2. __
____________________________________________________
3. __
____________________________________________________
(ii) Use the annswer in 2(c)((i) moles of sulphuric aciid and the nuumber of molles of
ammonia used
u to producce 1 mol of ammonium
a suulphate.
Guna jawapan di 2(c))(i) untuk menentukan
m b
bilangan mol asid sulfurikk dan
bilangan mol
m ammonia yang digunaakan untuk menghasilkan
m 1 mol ammoonium
sulfat
sulphuric acid
a /asid sulffurik : __________________________________ mool
ammonia : _________________________________ mool
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4. Diagram 4 sho
D ows the manuufacture of suulphuric acid
R
Rajah 4 menunjukkan pembbuatan asid sulfurik.
s
Diagram, 4
Rajah 4
(aa) What is
i the name of this processs?
Apakkah nama proses ini?
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(ee) The su
ulphuric acid produced
p cann be used to manufacture
m feertilisers
Asid sulfurik yangg terhasil boleeh digunakan untuk membuuat baja.
5. Diagram 5 sho
D ows the arranggement of atooms in two typpes of copperr alloy
R
Rajah 5 menun
njukkan susunnan atom dalaam dua jenis aloi bagi kupprum
Diaagram 5
Raajah 5
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(d) (i) What is the difference in terms of hardeness between bronze and pure copper
Apakah perbezaan daripada segi kekerasan antara gangsa dengan kuprum tulen
(ii) Complete Table 5.1 to show the difference s in terms of size and arrangement of
atoms in bronze and pure copper.
Lengkapkan jadual 5.1 untuk menunjukkan perbezaan dari segi saiz dan susunan
atom dalam gangsa dengan kuprum tulen.
Arrangement of atoms
Susunan atom
Table 5.1
Jadual 5.1
(iii) Describe what happens to the atoms when a force is applied to a bronze and pure
copper
Huraikan apa yang berlaku kepada atom-atom apabila satu daya dikenakan
kepada gangsa dan kuprum tulen
Bronze /Gangsa:
[ 2 marks]
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SECTION B
1. Food additives have been used by mankind for centuries .Diagram 6 shows part of the labels on
three food containers.
Bahan tambah makanan telah digunakan beberapa abad oleh manusia .Rajah 6 menunjukkan
sebahagian daripada label pada tiga bekas makanan
Diagram 6/Rajah 6
(i) P,Q and R are food additives.Based on the label of the food containers in
diagram 6
State the name of food additives P,Q and R
Determine the types of food additives and their function respectively
P,Q and R adalah bahan tambah makanan..Berdasarkan label pada bekas
makanan dalam Rajah 6:
Nyatakan nama bahan tambah makanan P,Q dan R
Kenalpasti jenis bahan makanan Q secara berlebihan dalam tempoh
masa yang panjang?
(ii) What is the effect of taking food additive for a long period of time?
Apakah kesan pengambilan bahan tambah makanan secara berlebihan dalam
tempoh masa yang panjang?
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MANUFACTUREDSUB
BSTANCEININ
NDUSTRYAN
NDCHEMICA
ALSFORCONSSUMERS
PERATU
URAN PEMA
ARKAHAN
S1
KERTAS
NO N
JAWAPAN NO JAWAPAAN
1 D 14 C
2 B 15 B
3 A 16 A
4 C 17 A
5 D 18 C
6 A 19 D
7 D 20 D
8 A 21 D
9 C 22 A
10 A 23 C
11 D 24 D
12 D 25 C
13 D 26 C
KERTAS
S2
(iii)
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2. (a) (i) R
(ii) gastric pain due to wind in the stomach
(iii) drink the juice that is extracted from the rhizome
(b)(i) X : analgesic
Y : antibiotic
Z : psychotherapeutic medicine
(ii) bleeding can occur
(iii) the bacteria may become immune to the given medicine
(iv) the patients anxiety will be lessened or cured
3. (a) X: Contact process
Y: Haber process
(b) sulphur,oxygen,water
(c)(i) H2 SO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) (NH4 )2 SO4 (aq)
(ii) sulphuric acid =1 mol
Ammonia = 2 mol
(d) fertiliser
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(iii)bronze : the layers of atoms in bronze cannot slide on another easily.The presence of
atoms of other elements disturbs the orderly arrangement of atoms in pure
copper.
Pure copper :the layers of atom in pure copper can slide on one another easily
(e) pewter is used to make decorative item and gifts
Section B
P Q R
Name sugar Sodium Lecithin/gelatin
benzoate/benzoic
acid
Type Preservative Preservative Stabilizers
Function Prevent the Prevent the growth Improve the texture
growth of of microorganism of food
microorganism
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SPM 2003
Paper 3 1 hour 30 minutes
Answer all questions.
1. An experiment was conducted to find out the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction. 50 cm3
of sodium thiosulphate solution 0.05 mol dm-3 at 30oC was put into 250 cm3 conical flask. Then,
the conical flask was placed on an X sign on a piece of white paper.
10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid 1.0 mol dm-3 was added to the sodium thiosulphate solution and
shaken. At the same time, the stop watch was started. The stop watch was stopped as soon as the
X sign was no longer visible.
The same steps of the experiment were repeated for sodium thiosulphate solution which was
heated to 35oC, 40 oC and 50 oC.
Figure 1 shows the readings of the stop watch for each of the reaction at different temperatures.
Figure 1
(a) Record the time for each reaction in the spaces provided in figure 1.
(c) (i) Draw a graph of temperature against 1/time on the graph paper o page 3.
(ii) Based on the graph in (c)(i), state the relationship between the rate of reaction and
temperature.
(d) Predict the time taken as soon as the sign X to be no longer visible if this experiment is
repeated at 55 oC.
(ii) State how you would manipulate one variable while keeping other variables
constant.
(g) From the above experiment, the student found a relationship between temperature and the
rate of reaction. The same situation can be applied in our daily life, for example, keeping
food that is easily spoiled in the refrigerator.
Using your knowledge in chemistry, state the relationship between temperature and the
rate at which food turns bad.
Step I : 5.0 cm3 of potassium iodide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 was poured into each test tube
labeled P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V.
Step II : 0.5 cm3 of lead(II) nitrate solution 1.0 mol dm-3 was added into test tube P.
Step III : Step II was repeated for test tubes Q, R, S, T, U and V using the volume in table 1
Step IV : All the test tubes were put in the rack to allow lead(II) iodide to precipitate
Test Tube P Q R S T U V
Volume of lead(II) nitrate solution
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
1.0 mol dm-3/cm3
Height of lead(II) iodide
precipitate / cm
Table 1
(a) Figure 2 on page 5 shows seven test tubes for above experiment. Using the ruler given on
page 5, measure the height of lead(II) iodide precipitate in test tube P, Q, R, S, T, U and V
in figure 2. Record the height of the precipitate in table 1.
(b) Based on table 1, draw a graph of the height of the precipitate against volume of
lead(II) nitrate solution on the graph paper on page 6.
(ii) using the volume obtained in (c)(i), show the calculation for obtaining the number
of moles of Pb2+ ions and I - ions that are required for the formation of lead(II)
iodide. Then calculate the number of moles of I- ions that has reacted with 1 mole
of Pb2+ ions.
(d) What can you observe about the height of the precipitate in figure 2?
(f) Categories the ions found in the lead(II) nitrate solution and the potassium iodide solution
used in this experiment into positive and negative ions.
If the body of a car is made of iron, it would easily rust. This is because the
iron surface is exposed to air and water. It is also easily dented in accident.
Thus, to reduce these problems the body of the car is made of steel.
Referring to the above situation, design a laboratory experiment to compare iron and steel
based on one of the following properties:
or
Hardness Rust resistance
1. A student carried out an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
The steps and set-up of apparatus of the experiment are shown in figure 1.
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Figure 1
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(a) Complete the following table by stating the observations and related inferences in the
experiment.
Observations Inferences
i) __________________________________ i) ___________________________________
__________________________________ ___________________________________
ii) __________________________________ ii) ___________________________________
__________________________________ ___________________________________
[6 marks]
(c) (i) What is the mass of magnesium that has been used?
[3 marks]
(d) Based on your answer in (c)(iii), how many moles of magnesium and oxygen atoms
have reacted?
[3 marks]
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2.
Metals are arranged in the Reactivity Series based on the
reactivity of metal with oxygen
Figure 2.1 shows the set up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the order of metals in the
Reactivity Series.Potassium manganate(VII) is heated to release oxygen gas to react with
metal powder.
Figure 2.1
The experiment is carried out using metal powders of copper, zinc, magnesium and lead reacted
with oxygen respectively.
Observations on the metal powders of copper, zinc, magnesium and lead in the experiments are
shown in figure 2.2
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(a) Look at the flame or glow in each diagram I figure 2.2.
Complete figure 2.2 by stating the observations for the reaction of metal powders
with oxygen.
[3 marks]
Figure 2.2
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(a) Look at the flame or glow in each diagram I figure 2.2.
Complete figure 2.2 by stating the observations for the reaction of metal powders
with oxygen.
[3 marks]
(b) Complete table 2.3 based on the experiment.
iii) Controlled variable iii) The way to maintain the controlled variable :
_______________________________ ____________________________________
_______________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________
Table 2.3
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
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(d) (i) Based on the observations in Figure 2.2, arrange copper, zinc, magnesium
and lead in descending order of reactivity of metal towards oxygen.
(ii) The experiment is repeated by using aluminium powder to react with oxygen.
The result of the experiment is shown in figure 2.4.
Figure 2.4
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(e) Figure 2.5 shows the set up of apparatus to study the reaction of a metal oxide with carbon.
Figure 2.5
Based on the observations in figure 2.5, classify metals into two groups, those which are more
reactive than carbon and those which are less reactive then carbon.
Put your answer in a suitable table.
[3 marks]
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3. The fruits in figure 3.1 produce natural esters which have various tastes and scents.
Figure 3.1
Table 3.2 shows types of alcohol and carboxylic acid used to produce various esters.
These esters have similar scents to the esters in fruits.
You are required to prepare two different types of ester using the same carboxylic acid with
different alcohol. The two esters must be chosen from those shown in table 3.2
Use information in table 3.2 to plan a laboratory experiment to prepare the esters and
describe their scents.
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SPM 2005
Paper 3 1 hours 30 minutes
Answer all questions
The time suggested to complete Question 1 and Question 2 is 45 minutes.
Figure 1
(b) On the graph paper provided on page 3, draw the graph of temperature against time
for the cooling of Naphthalene
[3 marks]
(c) (i) Use the graph I (b) to determine the freezing point of naphthalene.
Show on the graph how you would determine this freezing point.
[3 marks]
(ii) How does the graph in (b) show freezing point of naphthalene?
[3 marks]
(d) The temperature of naphthalene did not change from the 90th second until the 150th
second during cooling process.
Explain why.
[3 marks]
(e) On the graph paper provided on page 4, sketch the curve you would expect if the molten
naphthalene is cooled quickly.
[3 marks]
[3 marks
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2 shows the results obtained from the experiment after 30 minutes.
Figure 2.2
(a) Describe the change that you would see in the copper(II) sulphate solution during the
experiment
[3 marks]
The following table shows the voltmeter readings he obtained from the pairs of metals.
[6 marks]
(c) State the hypothesis for this experiment
[3 marks]
TASK I :
The copper wire in an electric cable can be easily bent by hand. A one-cent coin made
of an alloy of copper with tin and zinc cannot be bent easily.
Referring to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect
of alloy formation on the hardness of a metal.
TASK II :
Buildings in industrial areas are more corroded than those in housing areas. This is
because the concentration of acid in rain water is higher in industrial areas.
Referring to the situation above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect
of concentration on the rate of reaction between a named acid and a named metal.
[17 marks]
Experiment I
Reaction between 25 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, 2.0 mol dm -3 and 25 cm 3
Of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, 2.0 mol dm -3.
Experiment II
Reaction between 25 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, 2.0 mol dm -3 and 25 cm 3
of hydrochloric acid, H, 2.0 mol dm -3.
Diagram 1.1
(b) Construct a table that can be used to record the data from both experiments.
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
(e) Why must the initial temperature and highest temperature be recorded in this experiment?
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
1. ..
2. ..
3.
[3 marks]
(i) Diagram 1.2 shows the calculation to determine the heat of neutralization for
the reaction in Experiment I and Experiment II.
= x kJ = y kJ
Number of mole of water produced Number of mole of water produced
Diagram 1.2
[3 marks]
(ii) It was found that the value of y is greater than the value of x.
Explain why
[3 marks]
2. Diagram 2 shows the stretching phases of a vulcanized rubber and an unvulcanized rubber strands.
45 mm 45 mm
Before
During 59 mm 60 mm
After 45 mm 50 mm
Diagram 2
No Rubrik Skor
Soalan
1a Suhu awal campuran= 28 o C 3
Suhu tertinggi = 40 oC
Perubahan suhu = 12o C
No Rubrik Skor
soalan
1b Dapat membina jadual yang mengandungi ketoga-tiga perkara berikut untuk 3
kedua-dua eksperimen
Cth jawapan :
Eksperimen Suhu awal o C Suhu tertinggi o C
I
II
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No Rubrik Skor
soalan
1c Dapat memberikan hiptesis dengan tepat 3
-pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
Asid etanoik,asid hidroklorik// jenis asid//asid kuat,asid lemah(formula
diterima) *
-kesan yang berhubung dengan pembolehubah
haba peneutralan// perubahan suhu/kenaikan suhu **
-Arah kesan
Lebih tinggi/rendah
Cth jawapan :
1. HCl /asid kuat menghasilkan haba peneutralan/(perubahan
suhu/kenaikan suhu) yang > tinggi/rendah daripada asid etanoik/asid
lemah// terbalik
2. jenis asid yang berlainan /berbeza menghasilkan( haba
peneutralan/perubahan suhu/kenaikan suhu ) yang berbeza/berlainan
Dapat memberikan hiptesis kurang tepat 2
TIADA PERBANDINGAN
Cth jawapan:
1.** dulu * kemudian
2. Haba peneutralan asid hidroklorik dengan natrium
hidroksida adalah tinggi daripada haba peneutralan asid
etanoik dengan natrium hidroksida
3. jenis asid mempengaruhi haba peneutralan /perubahan suhu/kenaikan
suhu
4. kenaikan suhu asid hidroklorik adalah lebih tinggi daripada kenaikan
suhu asid etanoik//haba peneutralan asid HCl adalah lebih tinggi (tiada
perbandingan)
5. semakin kuat asid yang bertindak balas semakin tinggi haba peneutralan
6. haba peneutralan / perubahan suhu HCl > tinggi
7. HCl menghasilkan haba peneutralan yang berbeza daripada asid
etanoik(tiada aras kesan)
Dapat memberikan idea hipotesis dengan betul
ASID/PERUBAHAN SUHU 1
Cth jawapan :
1. haba peneutralan dipengaruhi oleh jenis asid
2. asid/kepekatan ion H+ menghasilkan haba peneutralan
3. semakin tinggi perubahan suhu(bergerakbalas) semakin tinggi haba
peneutralan(bergerakbalas)
4. haba peneutralan eksperimen II > tinggi dp eksperimen I / terbalik
5. Semakin pekat asid semakin tinggi haba peneutralan
6. Kenaikan suhu asid HCl adalah tinggi
7. kenaikan suhu mempengaruhi haba peneutralan
Tiada jawapan atau jawapan salah 0
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No. Rubrik Skor
soalan
1d Dapat meramalkan suhu dengan betul dalam julat 3
12< 15 oC
Unit Nilai sebenar 13.5 o C
tidak Dapat meramal suhu dalam julat 2
perlu > 12 // 15 < 20
tulis Cth jawapan :
(abaikan) 1. perubahan /kenaikan suhu > daripada 12 @ > eksp I
2. 15o C - 18o C
3. perubahan suhu dalam eksperimen II > tinggi /besar daripada
perubahan suhu eksperimen I
4. tulis unit tapi salah
Dapat meramal suhu sebagai nilai (Kalau tidak ada perbandingan) 1
> 20 // < 12
Cth jawapan ;
1. > besar ( sebab tidak rujuk mana-mana)
2. perubahan suhu eksperimen II > besar
3. suhu meningkat
Tiada jawapan atau jawapan salah 0
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soalan
1f Dapat memberikan kaedah memperoleh prubahan suhu 3
Cth jawapan :
1. menolak suhu tertinggi dengan suhu awal
2. suhu tertinggi suhu awal
3. suhu akhir suhu awal
No Rubrik skor
soalan
1g Dapat menyatakan mana-mana dua pemerhatian dengan betul 3
Jawapan
1. cawan polistirena menjadi panas
2. bacaan thermometer meningkat // aras mekuri meningkat
3. tiada perubahan warna larutan // larutan (tanpa warna /tidak berwarna)
4. bau asid etanoik hilang / bau cuka / sengit
Dapat menyatakan mana-mana satu pemerhatian di atas dengan tepat 2
Dapat menyatakan idea satu pemerhatian di atas 1
Jawapan
1. kertas litmus biru kekal berwarna biru //kertas litmus merah kekal
berwarna merah
2. nilai pH yang diperoleh adalah 7 // air dan garam terhasil
3. bikar/bekas panas
4. larutan/bahan menjadi panas
5. cecair tidak berwarna
6. suhu meningkat
Tiada jawapan/jawapan salah 0
-perubahan warna
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No Rubrik skor
soalan
1h Dapat memberikan mana-mana tiga pembolehubah yang dimalarkan dengan tepat 3
1. kepekatan bahan tindak balas/(asid & alkali)
2. isipadu bahan( tindak balas/ larutan) (asid dan alkali)
3. bekas // cawan polistirena / bikar
4. suhu persekitaran yang sama
5. larutan NaOH / alkali a : pasangan kepekatan dan isipadu asid/lcali
nama kedua-dua asid (HCl dan CH 3COOH)
6. isipadu larutan kepekatan larutan
7. kepekatan dan isipadu asid
8. kepekatan dan isipadu alkali
9. isipadu asid etanoik & isipadu asid hidroklorik
10. kemolaran alkali + kemolaran asid
11. isipadu asid + isipadu alkali
12. kepekatan NaOH & asid
13. isipadu NaOH & asid
Dapat memberikan mana-mana dua pembolehubah yang dimalarkan daripada 2
senarai di atas
Dapat memberikan mana-mana satu pembolehubah yang dimalarkan daripada 1
senarai di atas
Tiada jawapan/jawapan salah 0
-perubahan warna
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No Rubrik Skor
soalan
1 i (i) Dapat memberikan definisi secara operasi dengan tepat 3
Jawapan
1. haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1 mol air dihasilkan
2. haba yang dibebaskan per mol air yang dihasilkan
3. haba yang dibebaskan dibahagi dengan 1 mol air yang dihasilkan
4. haba yang dibebaskan dibahagi dengan bil mol air
5. haba yang dibebaskan apabila 1 mol ion H+ bertindak balas dengan 1 mol ion
OH untuk menghasilkan 1 ol air pada keadaan piawai
a : H 2
Dapat memberikan definisi secara umum dengan betul 2
Jawapan :
1. perubahan haba apabila 1 mol air di hasilkan
2. perubahan haba apabila 1 mol H bertindak balas dengan 1 mol OH untuk
menghasilkan 1 mol air
3. haba dibebaskan
mol air yang di hasilkan
Dapat memberikan idea yang betul tentang operasi 1
Jawapan
1. haba yang terbebas/perubahan haba apabila suatu asid bertindak balas dengan
suatu alkali untuk menghasilkan garam dan air ( kalau ada 1 mol air -skor 2)
2. perubahan haba/perubahan suhu apabila asid bertindak balas dengan alkali/(tb
peneutralan)
3. perubahan haba/perubahan suhu apabila air dihasilkan
4. mc / x kJ
mol air / mol air
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No.soalan rubrik skor
1i (ii) Dapat menyatakan sebab yang tepat mengapa nilai y lebih tinggi daripada nilai x 3
Jawapan
1. perubahan suhu eksperimen II > tinggi / perubahan suhu eksperimen I > rendah
2. eksprimen 2 menggunalkan asid kuat , eksperimen 1 menggunakan asid lemah
3. HCl adalah asid kuat, asid etanoik adalah asid lemah
4. kadar pengionan HCl > tinggi dari asid etanoik
Dapat menyatakan sebab yang betul mengana nilai y lebih tinggi daripada nilai x 2
Jawapan
1. kerana suhu tertinggi/suhu akhir eksperimen II lebih tinggi
2. eksperimen 2 menggunakan asid kyat/eksperimen 1 menggunakan asid lemah
3. HCl asid kuat // asid etanoik asid lemah
4. perubahan suhu > tinggi daripada x
Dapat menyatakan idea yang betul mengapa nilai y lebih tinggi daripada nilai x 1
Jawapan
1. haba dibebaskan > banyak
2. asid kuat / asid lemah digunakan
3. asid HCl > reaktif
4. (perubahan) suhu eksperimen II > rendah
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SPM 2007
Paper 3 1 hours 30 minutes
1 Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up for Experiments I, II, III and IV. The
magnification of the thermometers shows the readings of the initial temperature and the
highest or lowest temperatures in each experiment.
(a) (i) Record the temperature readings in the spaces provided in Diagram 1.1.
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
(i) State three things that must be kept constant in these experiments.
1).
2).
3).
[3 marks]
(ii) State the hypothesis for Experiment I.
[3 marks]
(i) State the temperature change and give two reasons for the change.
Temperature change:
Reason 1:
Reason 2:
[3 marks]
(ii) State the operational definition for the reaction that takes place.
[3 marks]
1) Sulphuric acid :C
2) Nitric acid :C
3) Ethanoic acid :C
[3 marks]
3.
[3 marks]
[3 marks]
(iii) Sketch a graph to show the change in the volume of carbon dioxide
gas produced against time.
[3 marks]
[17 marks]
QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
1(a) (i) Able to record all readings accurately to one decimal point with
unit
Sample answer :
3
Expt.I / 1 28.0 0 C 36.0 0 C
0
Expt II / 2 29.0 C 25.0 0 C
Expt III / 3 27.0 0 C 32.0 0C
0
Expt IV /4 30.0 C 27.0 0C
Able to record all readings correctly without decimal point/
or
Able to record all readings correctly without unit
2
* if able to record minimum 6 to 7 readings accurately to one
decimal point with unit
Able to record at least four t seven readings correctly without
decimal point and without unit
Sample answer:
Expt I 28 35
II 28 25
III 27 32
IV 31 28
1
a : all readings from bottom of the meniscus with unit and
correct one decimal point/without decimal point
Expt I 27 35
II 28 24
III 26 31
IV 29 26
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
1(a) (iii) Able to construct a table that contains the following
information.
Ecf from (a) 1. Headings in the table : Experiment,Initial temperature,
(i) highest/lowest temperature
2. Transfer all temperature readings from (a)(i) correctly
3. With unit at the heading
If use highest/lowest/minimum/maximum
reading sc.2 3
a: tajuk sepadan dengan pengisian lajur pertama e.g mix of
rxn
sample answer :
Experiment Initial Highest/lowest
temperature temperature
o
( C) ( 0C )
I / 1 /NaOH + H2 O 28 36
II / 2 / NH4 Cl + H2 O 29 25
III / 3 / HCl + NaOH 27 32
IV / 4 / HCl + NaHCO3 30 27
Able to construct a table that contains the following
information.
1. Headings in the table : Experiment,initial temperature,
highest/lowest temperature/final 2
2. Transfer all temperature readings from (a ) (i) correctly
3. without unit
4. with unit in the data section
sample answer :
Experiment Initial Highest or lowest
temperature temperature/min./max./final
I 28 36
II 29 25
III 27 32
Iv 30 27
a : 1 defect in data taransfer - sc 2
heading tak masuk jadual sc 2
If transfer of data is different from (a) (i) sc-1
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Initial Highest/lowest
temperature
Expt I 28 36
Expt II 29 25
Expt III 27 32
Expt IV 30 27
Able to construct a table that contains the following
information
1. Headings in the table : suitable heading
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QUESTIO
RUBRIC SCORE
N NO
1 (c ) (i) Able to make correct classification for the four experiments
a : if write reactant according to question
Sample answer :
Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction 3
I II
III IV
If use 1,2,3,4 -score 2
Sample answer
2
Exothermic Endothermic
reaction reaction
I IV
II
III
Able to make correct classification for any one experiment
* If no classification or blank in one column
Sample answer :
Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction 1
Experiment 1
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
1 (b) (i) Able to give any three things correctly that must be kept
constant
Sample answer :
1. Volume of water
2. mass or water
3. polystyrene cups
4. thermometer
5. mass of sodium hydroxide 3
6. size of NaOH
7. size of cups
8. type of cups
9. NaOH and H2 O(reactants) r : reactants only
* if use identical or same polystyrene cups give point 2 and
7/8
Able to give any two things correctly that must be kept constant
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QUESTIO
RUBRIC SCORE
N NO
1 (b) (ii) Able to state the hypothesis accurately
-mesti ada idea bertb
A. Sample answer:
1. the rxn between NaOH and H 2O is an
exothermic/endothermic rxn
2. The rxn between NaOH and NaOH is result pof
decrease/increase in temperature.
3. When NaOH dissolve /added to water,it
increase/decrease in temperature/release heat/absorbed
heat
r : put/mix - score 2 3
B. Samp;e answer:
(When mass of NaOH) /( volume of water)
increases/decreases the increases/change in temperature is
higher/lower/increase/decrease
*score 2 if stated opposite
r : more/banyak - score2
Able to state the hypothesis correctly
A. Sample answer:
The rxn between NaOH and water causes the change in
temperature/dissolveput/mix/dissociate
-general statement-
B. Sample answer :
2
When ( amount of sodium hydroxide ) / (amount of water)
increases/decreases the temperature increases / change
B. sample answer 1
1. when (amount of sodium hydroxide) / (amount of
water) changes the temperature changes
2. heat of rxn
nashkah contoh pg 13
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
( c ) (i) Able to state
Dropped/decreased by 40 C // 4 // -4 0C // 29-25 0C
Sample answer :
1. Heat/ energy is absorbed // endothermic rxn
2. the energy of the products is more than the energy of the
reactants
3. the heat absorbed during the bond breaking is greater
than the heat released during the bond making
4. The heat absorbed is more than heat released 3
if point 3 is given 2 points is scored
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
( c) (ii) Able to give the operational definition accurately by stating the
following three information.
- the temperature decreases // the temperature goes down
// drop
- endothermic reaction
- heat/energy is absorbed 3
Sample answer :
The decrease in temperature shows that endothermic
reaction happens where heat / energy is absorbed from the
surroundings
Able to give the operational definition correctly by stating any
one of the information above
Sample answer :
The temperature change shows that an endothermic reaction 2
happens
adp : avoid double penalty
QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
d Able to predict the three temperature readings correctly
Sample answer :
3
1. sulphuric acid 320 C - 37 0 C
2. Nitric acid 32 0C
3. Ethanoic acid 28 31 0C
Able to predict any two of the temperature readings correctly 2
Able to predict any one of the temperature readings correctly 1
No response or wrong response 0
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
( e ) (i) Able to state three correct observation
Sample answer :
1. Final temperature is lower than the initial temperature
2. the temperature decreases
3. level of mercury decreases
4. thermometer reading decreases
5. bubbles are released // effervescence
6. the volume of the solution is greater/increased 3
7. level of solution increase
a : air bubbles
r : volume increase, volume of water increase
Able to state any two correct observations
2
Able to state any one correct observation 1
No response or wrong response 0
QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
( e ) (ii) Able to make an accurate inference based on the chemical
equation
Sample answer :
The rxn is an endothermic rxn // the rxn produces CO // the rxn 1
absorbed heat / energy
No response or wrong response 0
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
(e) (ii) Able to sketch the graph of the change of the volume of CO2 gas
against time by showing the following three information.
Sample answer
Time/minute/sec
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Able to sketch the graph of the graph of the change of the
volume of CO gas against time by showing the following
information
1. the axes are labeled correctly
2. curve on the graph shows the increase of volume
Sample answer :
Volume
of CO2
gas /cm3
time
- no unit
- a : volume 2
Voume of
CO2
gas/cm3
time
Slight curve
a : volume/cm3
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Able to sketch the graph of the change of the volume of CO gas
against time by showing the following two information
1. the axes
2. curve on the graph/straight lines
Sample answer : 1
No slight curve
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Axes betul
Unit betul
Salah satu
axes not
labelled
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
2(i) Able to give the statement of the problem accurately relating
three information. Response is in the question form.
a. pairs of metals
b. electrochemical series
c. voltage//potential difference/voltmeter reading
Sample answer :
1.(How does/does )the position /distance between two metals in
the electrochemical Series?
2.(How does/ Does) the position /distance between pairs of
metals in ES affect the voltage?
a: no question mark symbol
a: ECS/ES
* kalau guna ion instead of metal score 1 (in 2(i))
adp in
3
- variable
- hypothesis
- table app
- procedure
* kalau guna siri kereaktifan instead of SEK score 1
adp in hypothesis and variables - score 3
* kalau guna berbeza keelektropositifan - score 1
*kalau guna element/electrode- score 2
Able to give the statement of the problem correctly .Response
is in question form
Sample answer :
Does the position of metals/electrode/elements affect the
voltage?// Does a pair of metals in the ES affect the voltage? 2
Able to give an idea of statement of the problem correctly
Sample answer:
1.How to construct an electrochemical cell to determine one
factor that influence the voltage
2. metal produce voltage
3. What is the factor that influence in the voltmeter-mesti dlm
btk soalan
4. logam menghasilkan voltan
5. adakah kedudukan antara dua logam dalam siri kereaktifan
mempengaruhi bacaan voltan
1
6. apakah factor yang mempengaruhi voltan
7. adakah kedudukan dua ion dalam siri SCS mempengaruhi
voltan
8.adakah kedudukan dalam ECS mempengaruhi voltan-
general(ked. apa)
e.g kedudukan material
No response or wrong response 0
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QUESTION RUBRIC SCORE
NO
2(ii) Able to state the three variables correctly
Sample answer :
Manipulated variables : pairs of metals/ two metals
r : type of metals// different metals
Responding variables : voltage//voltmeter reading//
potential difference
Constant variables : Electrolyte//the metal as the
3
positive/negative
terminal//concentration of the
electrolyte
r : volume of electrolyte
a : name of acid e.g HCl/H2 SO4 // CuSO4 //Cu as
positive/negative terminal
a : symbols/words
2
1
No response or wrong response 0
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
2(iii) Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable
and the responding variable and state the direction
Sample answer :
1.The further/nearer/closer/position the distance of the pair of
metals in the electrochemical series,the voltage/voltmeter
reading becomes greater/smaller 3
If opposite - score 2
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable
and the responding variable
Sample answer :
1. the distance between metals in the electrochemical
series influences the voltage/voltmeter reading 2
* if opposite score 1
Able to state the idea of hypothesis correctly
Sample answer :
Different metal gives different voltage
1
* if use baterry to replace ECS score 1
No response or wrong response 0
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
2(iv) Able to give adequate list of materials and apparatus that
involves the three variables
Sample answer:
1.at least 3 metals below Ca in ECS 3
* Kalau ada potassium/sodium score 1
2.voltmeter
3. suitable electrolyte
4.beaker/u-tube
5.wire
6.sandpaper
7.connecting wires
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
2(v) Able to state the following six steps
1. pour electrolyte(copper sulphate solution) in a
beaker/container 3
2. clean the metal with sanpaper
3. dip/immerse both metals( aluminium and zinc) into the
electrolyte
4. connect the metal to the voltmeter//complete the circuit
5. record the voltmeter reading
6. repeat steps 1-5 substituting one metal with another
Steps 2 & 3 tidak boleh terbalik
a : galvanometer
r : procedure cannot be deduced from diagram
Able to give : 2
Steps 1/3, 4,5,6
Able to give : 1
Steps1/ 3
No response or wrong response 0
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QUESTION
RUBRIC SCORE
NO
2(vi) Able to exhibit the tabulation of data that includes the following
four information
1 heading for the manipulated variable
2.examples of two pair of metals
3. heading for the responding variable wit unit
4. 2 x3 or 3x2 tables
Sample answer:
Pair of metals/electrodes Voltage(V) 3
Sample answer:
Pair of metals voltage
* galvanometer score 1
No response or wrong response 0
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