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2000 1 () Jan .

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32 1 Fo reign Language T eaching and Research (bimonthly) Vol.32 No .
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, 87 % 94 % e-rater

, ,
e-rater Alderson, J.& B .Nor th.1991.Language Testing in

, the 1990s . London and Basingstoke :M acmillan


Publishers Limited .
, ,
Bachman , L .F .1990 .Fundamental Considerations in
,
Language Testing .Ox fo rd:O U P .
6 ,
Bachman , L .F .& A .S .Palmer .1996 .Language
, , , e- Testing in Practice .O xford :O UP .
rater 5-6 Brennan, R. L .1983 . Elements of Generalizability
, , e-rater T heory .I owa City , IA : T he A merican Co llege
, e-rater T esting P rogram .
, ET S Canale, M .& M .Swain .1980 .T heoretical bases of
, communicative approaches to second language teach-

e- ing and testing .Applied Linguistics 1, 1_47.


Chomsky , N .1965 .Aspects of the Theory of Syntax .
rater ,
M ass:M IT P ress.
, e-rater ,
Heaton , G .B.1988.Writing English Language T ests .

Second editio n.London :Lo ngman .


, Kunnan, A .J.1995 .T est Taker Characteristics and
Test Performance : A S tructural Modeling Ap-
e-rater proach .Cambridge :CU P .
, M ilanovic , M .and N .Saville .1996 .Per formance Test-
ing, Cognition and Assessment : Selected Papers
, from the 15 th L anguage Testing Research Colloqui-

, , um , Cambridge and Arnhem .Cambridg e:CUP .


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,
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