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Ce479: Design of Building Components & Systems FALL 2012 - J. LIU
Ce479: Design of Building Components & Systems FALL 2012 - J. LIU
Load-Bearing Buildings
Masonry Units CE479 Skip to here, Fall
Photos 747 North LaSalle 2012, since we
Some properties (for design) had Ed Gerns
guest lecture
last Friday.
History of Masonry Materials
Stone
Clay Units
Concrete Masonry Units
Mortars
Stone
First masonry crude stack of selected natural
stones with earth (soil) packed in between
Later, stone masonry units shaped into polygonal or
squared units with close-fitting joints
Sedimentary rocks (mainly sandstones and
limestones)
Now, most stonework is a thin non-structural veneer
Sawn Units
Stone
Stone Wall,
New Zealand
Semi-Circular
Clay Brick
Concrete Block
Clay Bricks
Three grades: SW, MW, NW (ASTM C62)
SW and MW (two grades for hollow brick)
SW high degree of resistance to frost action even if
permeated with water
MW moderate degree of weathering resistance
Metal Ties
h Orientation (and names) of
masonry elements in walls
t
l
Joint
Reinforcement
Cavity Walls
Typically 2 in. apart and connected with metal ties
Moisture collected in cavity and diverted by
flashing and weep holes to exterior of building
Usually inner wythe load-bearing, outer wythe non-
load-bearing
Lateral loads resisted by bending of both wythes
Joint
Reinforcement
Metal Ties
Veneer Walls
Nonstructural cladding anchored to a structural
backup wall
Metal
wire tie
Expansion Joints
Columns and Pilasters
Columns isolated vertical members
Pilaster thickened wall section built integral with
the wall, sometimes described as an engaged
column
Both can be reinforced
Beams and Lintels
Roof beams, floor beams, bond beams, grade
beams
Bond beams typically located at roof and floor
levels and tie the building around perimeter, act as
chord members
Lintel horizontal beam spanning over a door or
window opening
All must be reinforced
Stirrups for shear may be required
From Masonry Designers Guide, Sixth Edition, The Masonry Society, Boulder, CO, 2010
Example of use of modern Masonry (TGRW Structural
Engineers, Chicago ILL
747 North LaSalle
Chicago, Illinois
Tension parallel
to bed joints
Numerical analysis of concrete block masonry beams under three point bending
Vladimir G. Haach, Graa Vasconcelos , Paulo B. Loureno
Wall tests
http://www.thenbs.com/topics/Environment/articles/earthBricks.asp
http://www.structuremag.org/article.aspx?articleid=382
For design
Treat units as isotropic
Compressive behavior
Governed by crushing
Tensile behavior