: (Epidemiology)

:
.



.
.
.

.

.

.

.



. (availability)
. (completeness of coverage)
. (quality)
. (universality)
. (acceptability)

. (simplicity)
. (reproducibility)
. (specificity)
. (sensitivity)
. (validity)

.
.
.
.

(incidence)

(incidence rate)

= ,
, , , ,

 (prevalence)

(prevalence rate)

= ,
, , , ,

 (primary attack rate)

 (secondary attack rate)

x
=

=



-

= = . %
-

 (specific attack rate)

=



,,
,,

,, + ,, = ,,

 (proportional morbidity rate)

(crude death rate)

 (specific death rate)

=
(cause specific death rate)

=
(age specific death rate)

=
 (proportional mortality rate)



=

 (case fatality rate)

 (fetal death rate)

=

 (fetal death ratio)

 (perinatal death rate)

>
+
=

>

=

 (neonatal mortality rate)

= x

 (postneonatal mortality rate)

 (infant mortality rate)

= +

=

 (maternal mortality rate)

(crude birth rate)

 (general fertility rate)
( - )

=
-

 (age specific fertility rate)


=

 (total fertility rate)

i

=
i

=

 (gross reproduction rate)

i
=
i

=

=
 (vital index, birth-death ratio)

 (natural incease)

=
=

 (birth control rate) -

-

=
-

 (life expectancy)

(life table method)

=
=

 (combined health indices)

. .
. .


.
.
. ..
,
,,
. ..

,
.
..
,,

.() . :
.
. (). PB
. :

. ()