(Synchronous Machines) 1/8

(Synchronous Machines)

1. (Synchronous generator)
2. (Synchronization)
3. (Synchronous motor)

2 (field winding
flux) (armature winding flux)
(resultant air-gap flux) (generated voltage) Eaf
1
Xs Ra

+ +
Ia
Eaf ~ Vta
_ _

E af Vta I a Ra jX s Vta I a Z s (1)

Eaf Vta I a Ra
X s Z s
(synchronous reactance and impedance)
(synchronous speed n s )

ns
120 f
(2)
P

f (Hz) P

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 (Synchronous Machines) 2/8

(Synchronous generator)

n s
(field excitation current) Eaf
2
Eaf Vta I a Ra jX s (3)

Eaf
jIaXs
Vta
IaRa
Ia

2 lagging p.f.

A
A a a
One dark two bright
c

B b
C B
C c b

A A
a a

B c Three bright
b

C C B
c
b

A
A a a

c
Three dark
B b
C B
C c b

3 3

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 (Synchronous Machines) 3/8

(Synchronization)
(synchronize)
1. (phase sequence)
2.
3. (terminal voltage)
3 3
3 1. One dark two bright 2. Three bright 3. Three dark

(Synchronous motor)

Eaf Vta I a Ra jX s (4)
Vta
IaRa

Ia jIaXs
Eaf

4 lagging p.f.
full load
Ia
no load
Lagging p.f.

Leading p.f.

Unity p.f.

If

5
Eaf
Eaf Vta 100% excitation Eaf Vta
under-excited Eaf Vta over-excited
3 (R, L C)
5 V curves
over-excited load C (leading p.f.)

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 (Synchronous Machines) 4/8

1. Synchronous machine - DC machine 1
2. (Variac) 0 - 260 V 2
3. DC ammeter 1 - 15 A 1
4. DC ammeter 1 A 1
5. DC voltmeter 30 - 300 V 2
6. AC ammeter 1 - 15 A 1
7. AC voltmeter 300 V 1
8. Rheostat 1
9. Bridge rectifier 2
10. Tachometer 1
11. Frequency meter 1
12. 3 Synchronoscope 1

+ A +
Af
Three-phase
V Synchronous Vf
Machine

_
A
_
DC Motor Field Winding
V
a b c
S
A B C

Three-phase System

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 (Synchronous Machines) 5/8

1 (Synchronous Generator)
1.1 6 ( Three-phase System) S
DC motor
1.2 A f ( Vf ) V (100 %)
A f 1
1.3 A f DC motor 94 %, 97 %, 103 % 106 %
1
A f
1.4 DC motor ()
A f 7 Af V 2
1.5
1.6 A f V Af

2 (Synchronization)
2.1 S Three-phase System
3 3
Synchronoscope ( S)

2.2
DC motor
Af , A 3

3 (Synchronous Motor)
3.1 A f ( A ) Af A 4
A ( S)
3.2 Af A 3.1 Af

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 (Synchronous Machines) 6/8

______________________________________
_______________________________________ ___________________ 3B
_______________________________________ ___________________ 3B
_______________________________________ ___________________ 3B
_______________________________________ ___________________ 3B
_______________________________________ ___________________ 3B

(Synchronous Machines)
(Nameplate) :
_____________________________________________________________________________

1 (Synchronous Generator)
1 Af = ___________ A ()
Synchronous Speed
94 % 97 % 100 % 103 % 106 %
ns (rpm)
f (Hz)
V (V)

2 ns _____________ rpm ()

Af (A) 0.10 0.16 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.40 0.46

V (V)

2 (Synchronization)
3
Af (A) A (A) Speed (rpm)

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 (Synchronous Machines) 7/8

3 (Synchronous Motor)
4
p.f. (lag or lead)
A f (A) 0.18 0.23 0.28 0.45 0.50 0.55
A (A)

1.

2.

3. DC motor

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 (Synchronous Machines) 8/8

4.
3 Three dark

5. under-excited, normal-excited over-excited

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