16 Khoa hoc Cong nghe

NG DNG MATLAB/SIMULINK XY DNG M HNH V M PHNG

H THNG NI LI S DNG NGUN PIN MT TRI
KT HP NGUN C QUY
L Kim Anh *

Tm tt
Bi bo gii thiu ng dng Matlab/Simulink xy dng m hnh v m phng h thng ni li s
dng ngun pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy. Nh chng ta bit, ngun nng lng mt tri l
ngun nng lng sch c tr lng ln, ang l mc tiu nghin cu ca nhiu nc trn th gii
nhm thay th dn ngun nng lng ha thch c nguy c cn kit, gy nhim mi trng. Trong
qu trnh lm vic, pin mt tri ph thuc nhiu yu t nh hng nh cng nh sng, nhit mi
trng, hin tng bng rm mt khc, cng sut sinh ra do tm pin mt tri ph thuc vo bc x
mt tri v nhit . Nhm nng cao hiu sut s dng ca pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy v thc
hin ni li, i hi phi c cc gii thut iu khin. y s dng gii thut h bm im cng sut
cc i nhm m bo rng pin mt tri s lun lun lm vic im cc i khi ti thay i.
T kha: Nng lng ti to, pin mt tri, mt tri ni li, ngun c quy, h bm im cng sut
cc i.
Abstract
The article aims to introduce the application of Matlab/Simulink in modelling and simulation of
combined solar cells and batteries power sources connected to power grids. As we know, solar power,
a clean energy source which has large reserves, is a target for the study of many countries in order to
gradually replace fossil energy sources both at risk of depletion and causing environmental pollution. The
working process of solar cells depends on many factors such as light intensity, environment temperature,
the phenomenon of shade ... furthermore, power generated by solar panels is dependent on the solar
radiation and heat. In order to improve the efficiency of combined solar cells and batteries and grid-
connected implementation, the control algorithms ared required. Here using the algorithm of maximum
point power tracking ensures that solar cells will always work at peak although the load changes.
Keywords: Renewable energy, solar cells, grid connected solar cells, battery power, maximum point
power tracking.

1. t vn
Ngun in mt tri l dng ngun nng lng h thng ni li s dng ngun pin mt tri kt
ti to v tn vi tr lng ln. y l mt trong hp ngun c quy iu khin theo phng php
cc ngun nng lng ti to quan trng nht. Vic bm im cng sut cc i (MPPT). K thut iu
tm cc cch thc khai thc, s dng ngun nng khin tm kim da trn m hnh nhm hng n
lng in mt tri ny sao cho hiu qu v thay pht trin li in thng minh v iu khin ni
th dn cc ngun nng lng ha thch ngy cng li linh hot cho cc ngun nng lng ti to.
cn kit, gy nhim mi trng ang l mc tiu Bng 1. Mt NLMT trung bnh nm v s gi nng
nghin cu ca nhiu quc gia. Nng lng mt theo khu vc (Ngun: VNL)
tri (NLMT) thc cht l ngun nng lng nhit
NLMT trung S gi nng
hch v tn ca thin nhin. Hng nm, mt tri Khu vc bnh nm trung bnh
cung cp cho tri t mt nng lng khng l, gp (kcal/cm2) nm(hrs/nm)
10 ln tr lng cc ngun nhin liu c trn tri 1 ng Bc B 100 - 125 1500 - 1700

t. Hin nay, nc ta ch yu s dng h thng 2 Ty Bc B 125 - 150 1750 - 1900

pin mt tri c lp, hoc h thng c lp kt hp 3 Bc Trung B 140 - 160 1700 - 2000

gia pin mt tri v cc ngun nng lng khc nh 4 Nam Trung B v Ty Nguyn 150 - 175 2000 - 2600

ngun c quy, pin nhin liu..vv. Bi bo ng dng 5 Nam B 130 - 150 2200 - 2500

matlab/simulink xy dng m hnh v m phng Trung bnh c nc 130 - 152 1830 - 2450

*
Trng Cao ng Cng Nghip Tuy Ha S 11, thng 12/2013 16
 Khoa hoc Cong nghe 17

Bng 2. in t NLTT cng sut lp t giai on 2. M hnh iu khin ni li s dng ngun

2011 2030 (ngun: Quyt nh s 1208/Q TTg ngy pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy
21/7/2011 ca Th tng Chnh ph, Ph lc 1)
Cng sut Cng sut H thng ni li s dng ngun pin mt tri kt
Nm Nm
lp t(MW) lp t(MW) hp ngun c quy bao gm cc thnh phn c bn
1 2011 30 8 2018 200 nh Hnh 1.
2 2012 100 9 2019 230
3 2013 130 10 2020 300
4 2014 120 11 2011 - 2020 1.660
5 2015 150 12 2021 - 2025 2.500
6 2016 200 13 2026 - 2030 4.200
7 2017 200 2011 - 2030 8.360 = 8.36GW

Hnh 1. S cu trc c bn iu khin ni li ngun pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy

2.1. M hnh ngun pin mt tri (PV)
* Pin mt tri PV (Photovoltaic cell) gm cc lp
bn dn chu tc dng ca quang hc bin i cc
nng lng phton bc x mt tri thnh nng lng
in. Theo quan im nng lng in t, pin mt
tri c th c coi l nhng ngun dng biu din
mi quan h phi tuyn I-V nh Hnh 2.
Hiu sut ca tm pin mt tri s ln nht khi
pin mt tri cung cp cho ta cng sut cc i.
Theo c tnh phi tuyn trn hnh 2, n s xy
ra khi P-V l cc i, tc l P-V = Pmax ti thi
im (Imax,Vmax) c gi l im cc i MPP
(Maximum Point Power). H bm im cng sut
cc i MPPT (Maximum Point Power Tracking)
c s dng m bo rng pin mt tri s lun
lun lm vic im MPP bt chp ti c ni
vo pin.
* Dng in u ra ca pin theo [Saurav
Satpathy, Aryuanto Soetedjo] c tnh nh sau:

(1)
Hnh 2. c tnh lm vic ca pin mt tri
Trong : q: in tch electron = 1.6 x10-19 C,
K: hng s Boltzmanns = 1.38 x10-23J/K, Is: l
dng in bo ha ca pin, Iph: l dng quang in
,Tc: nhit lm vic ca pin, Rsh : in tr shunt,
Rs : in tr ca pin, A: h s l tng.
Theo cng thc (1), dng quang in ph thuc
vo nng lng mt tri v nhit lm vic ca
pin do :
Hnh 3. S tng ng ca pin mt tri
(2)

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 18 Khoa hoc Cong nghe
Vi: Isc: l dng ngn mch nhit 250C,
KI: h s nhit ca dng in ngn mch,
Tref: nhit ca b mt pin (nhit tham chiu),
H: bc x ca mt tri kW/m2.
y, gi tr dng in bo ha ca pin vi
nhit ca pin c tnh nh sau:
Trong : IRS: l dng bo ha ngc b mt
nhit v bc x ca mt tri, EG: nng lng
vng cp ca cht bn dn, ph thuc vo h s l
trng v cng ngh lm pin.
Mt khc, mt pin mt tri c in p khong
0,6V. Do mun c in p lm vic cao th ta
mc ni tip cc pin li, mun c dng in ln
th mc song song. Nh vy, dng in mt modul
tm pin s l:
Hnh 4. Dng in 1 modul tm pin
2.2. M hnh ngun c quy
Theo [M.Makhlouf, F.Messai , H.Benalla], in
p ca c quy v trng thi np (state of charge
SOC) c xc nh theo biu thc:
Hnh 5. S cc b chuyn i DC/DC; DC/AC
(5)
Trong : v1: in p thay i ca c quy (V);
Ib: dng in (A); Qm: dung lng ln nht ca c
quy (Wh); kb: h s np v x ; D: t l x.
T biu thc (5), gi tr in p thay i ca c
(3) quy c tnh nh sau: v1=[2+0.148.SOC(t).ns] (6)
Vi ns: s lng c quy 2V ni tip.
in tr ca c quy l:
(7)
2.3. Phng php iu khin
iu khin ni li ngun pin mt tri kt
hp ngun c quy, ta s dng phng php iu
khin bm im cng sut cc i (MPPT). Hin
nay, k thut iu khin bm im cng sut cc
i c th phn thnh 2 nhm chnh sau: nhm k
thut tm kim v nhm k thut tm kim da trn
m hnh. K thut tm kim d thc hin nhng
i hi mt s bc ln mi hi t c im cc
i (MPP), cn nhm k thut tm kim da theo
m hnh s hi t rt nhanh im MPP. Tuy nhin,
vic s dng k thut tm kim da theo m hnh
th i hi ta phi bit chnh xc thng s ca pin
mt tri v cc s o, k c nhit v bc x
mt tri.
3. Cc b bin i
Theo [D. Ganesh, S. Moorthi, H. Sudheer],
thc hin chuyn i 2 trng thi ta s dng b
chuyn i DC/DC (t ngun mt chiu thnh
ngun xoay chiu) nhm thch nghi vi mc in
p v in tr t tm pin mt tri. Ngoi ra cn b
nghch lu DC/AC bin i (t ngun mt chiu
thnh ngun xoay chiu) thc hin ni ti v
ni li xoay chiu (AC).
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 Khoa hoc Cong nghe 19

4. Xy dng m hnh v m phng trn Matlab/Simulink

4.1. Xy dng m hnh trn Matlab/Simulink

Hnh 6. M hnh Pin mt tri Hnh 7. B chuyn i 2 trng thi DC/DC

Hnh 8. M hnh iu khin ni li s dng ngun pin mt tri kt hp ngun c quy

4.2. Kt qu m phng trn Matlab/Simulink

Hnh 9. c tnh I - V Hnh 10. c tnh P - V

Nhn xt: kt qu m phng cho thy khi chiu (G) thay i th dng PV thay i mnh, p PV t
thay i v cng sut ca PV ph thuc nh hng ca chiu .

Hnh 11. in p u ra U_dc(V) Hnh 12. Cng sut u ra P (W)

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Hnh 13. in p u ra Uabc (V) Hnh 14. Dng in u ra Iabc (A)

Hnh 15. in p ni vi li Uabc (V) Hnh 16. Dng in ni li Iabc (A)

5. Kt lun
M hnh iu khin ni li s dng ngun pin
mt tri kt hp ngun c quy s dng gii thut
iu khin bm im cng sut cc i (MPPT),
cng sut ca PV thu c lun t gi tr cc
i, ng vi cc chiu sng khc nhau. Ti thi
im t = 0.2s, dng v in p u ra t gi tr n
nh v bng gi tr t, ni li thng qua my
bin p v ng dy ti in. Hin nay, nc ta
ch yu s dng h thng nng lng mt tri c
lp nn cn nhiu hn ch v bt cp. Do vy, h
thng iu khin ni li s dng ngun pin mt
tri kt hp ngun c quy l mt gii php nhm
hng n pht trin li in thng minh v iu
khin ni li linh hot cho cc ngun nng lng
ti to.

Ti liu tham kho

Aryuanto Soetedjo, Abraham Lomi, Yusuf Ismail Nakhoda, Awan Uji Krismanto. 2012. Modeling of
Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Solar Power System. Telkomnika.
D. Ganesh, S. Moorthi, H. Sudheer. 2012. A Voltage Controller in Photo Voltaic System with Battery
Storage for Stand Alone Applications. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System.
ng nh Thng. 2012. Cng ngh Pin mt tri bi hc kinh nghim t Vit Nam. Trung tm nghin
cu nng lng mi. Trng i hc bch khoa H Ni.
Hong Dng Hng. 2008. Nng lng mt tri l thuyt v ng dng. Trng i hc Bch Khoa
Nng.
M.Makhlouf, F.Messai , H.Benalla. 2012. Modeling and Simulation of Grid-connected Hybrid
Photovoltaic/Battery Distributed Generation System. Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Vol. 3, No. 1, January.
Saurav Satpathy. 2012. Photovoltaic power control using MPPT ang boost converter. Department of
Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology. Rourkela.

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