Topik yang telah dipelajari

1. Personal Pronoun (S, O, Possessive)

2. Present Simple
3. Past simple
4. Present progressive
5. Past progressive
6. Parts of speech (Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition)
7. To be (am, is, are; was, were; been)
8. Modals

Present Progressive
Present progressive digunakan untuk menyatakan:

1. Kegiatan yang sedang terjadi saat ini

2. Kegiatan yang akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang

Formula:
- kalimat aktif: subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb -ing + object/adverb
Contoh: 1. We are studying English now.
2. She is calling her father.
3. They are coming tomorrow.

- kalimat passive: subject + to be (am, is, are) + being + Verb-3 + object/adverb

Contoh: 1. Those trees are being chopped down.

2. The fish is being cleaned.
- Kalimat pertanyaan: to be (am, is, are) + subject + Verb-ing + object/adverb ?
Contoh: 1. Is he coming to our house now?
2. Are they going home?

Past Progressive

Past progressive digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung/terjadi di saat suatu
kegiatan yang lain terjadi. Tense ini biasanya terjadi bersamaan dengan tense past simple

- kalimat aktif: subject + to be (was, were) + Verb-ing + object/adverb

Contoh: 1. She was cooking in the kitchen when her mother called her.
2. Tinus and John were studying math when I visited them.

- kalimat pertanyaan: to be (was, were) + subject + Verb-ing + object/adverb ?

Contoh: 1. Were they sleeping when I went to their house?
2. Was Marta writing her book when I saw her?

- kalimat pasif: subject + to be (was, were) + being + Verb-3 + by + object/adverb

Contoh: 1. She was being taught by her teacher.
2. The flowers were being watered by the gardener when they rain came down.

Modals
Modals adalah kata yang digunakan untuk membantu kata kerja dalam kalimat. Modals terdiri dari
lima kata, yaitu shall seharusnya, can (could) bisa, will (would) akan, must (had to) harus, dan
may (might) boleh.

Contoh: 1. I shall meet you tomorrow by 5 oclock.

2. You can come to my house.
 3. They will write you a letter.
4. She must do the homework.
5. He may go home now.

Parts of speech kelas kata

Noun kata benda
Contoh: can, table, flower, Jayapura

Adjective kata sifat

Contoh: beautiful, afraid, good, nice.

Verb kata kerja

Contoh: study, cook, dream, speak.

Adverb kata keterangan

Contoh: nicely, well, Kotaraja, Sentani.

Preposition kata depan

Contoh: in, at, on, above.

To be (am, is, are, was, were, been)

Contoh: 1. This is John.
2. My parents are nice to me.
3. They are good students.

Personal pronouns kata ganti nama orang

Personal pronoun

Sebagai subyek Sebagai obyek

I saya Me
 You kamu You

We kami/kita Us

They mereka Them

She dia Her

(perempuan)

He dia Him
(laki-laki)

It dia (benda) It

Contoh personal pronouns dalam kalimat:

Sebagai subyek Sebagai obyek

I will meet them tomorrow. They will meet me tomorrow.

You can come to his house next week. He can visit you next week.

We need to attend the meeting. The commitee needs to invite us to the meeting.

Possessive kepunyaan

Personal pronouns Possessive

Adjective kata sifat Pronoun kata

ganti

I My ... ... milik saya Mine

You Your ... ... milik kamu Yours

We Our ... ... milik kami/kita Ours

They Their ... milik mereka Theirs

She Her ... miliknya (perempuan) Hers

He His ... miliknya (laki-laki) His

It Its ... miliknya (benda) its

Contoh kalimat-kalimat yang menggunakan possessive

Possessive
 As Adjective sebagai As Pronoun sebagai
kata sifat kata ganti

This is My book. This is Mine.

That is Your pen. That is Yours.

This is Our house. This is Ours.

That is Their car. That is Theirs.

This is Her pencil. This is Hers.

Those are His jeans. Those are his.

This is Its tail. This is its.

Present Simple
Formula:
I. Kalimat aktif: Subject + Predicate + Object/Adverb

Kegunaan present simple:

1. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan

Contoh: 1. Yohanes eats papeda everyday.

2. Hans and Yakub wake up at five oclock every day.

2. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum

Contoh: 1. The Papuan people are from the island of Papua.

2. The birds of paradise are from the islands of Papua and Aru.

II. Kalimat pasif: subject + To be + V3 + by + Object/Adverb

Contoh: 1. This book is written by Rafael.
2. The flowers are planted by Yakub.
III. Kalimat pertanyaan dan negatif (atau menyangkal)
Dalam present simple, terdapat dua kata bantu yang digunakan untuk membuat kalimat pertanyaan
dan negatif, yaitu do dan does (untuk kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja) dan to be (am, is,
are) untuk kalimat yang menggunakan kata sifat atau benda.

Kalimat pertanyaan: do/does + subject + predicate + object/adverb?

Contoh: 1. Does John speak English very well? (John speaks English very well.)

2. Do they eat papeda every day? (They eat papeda every day.)

Kalimat negatif: subject + do/does /to be (am, is, are) + not + predicate + object/adverb
Contoh: 1. Maria does not eat papeda.
2. Markus and Yonas do not study English every day.

Past Simple
Past simple digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang telah terjadi di waktu lampau dan biasanya
terdapat waktu pasti-nya.

Kalimat aktif: subject + predicate + object/adverb

Contoh: 1. I went to Wamena last year.

2. Matius and Yan studied English in Australia two years ago.

Kalimat pasif: subject + be + V3 + by + object/adverb

Contoh: 1. That car was hit by this motorcycle yesterday.
2. You were asked by the teacher to deliver a speech last week.

Kalimat pertanyaan dan negatif: dalam past simple, kita menggunakan kata bantu did untuk membuat
kalimat pertanyaan dan negatif.
Kalimat pertanyaan: did + subject + predicate + object/adverb?
1. Did John go to school yesterday afternoon? (John went to school yesterday afternoon.)

2. Did she study English last year? (she studied English last year.)
Kalimat negatif: subject + did + not + V1 + object/adverb
Contoh: 1. Our teacher did not come to class two days ago.

2. He did not understand your words.