Professional Documents
Culture Documents
: Raster Vector
: Georeference
Landsat-1
.
)(Landsat, SPOT and IRS series
-
) (QuickBird IKONOS
) (IKONOS ) (resolution /
) (IKONOS ,/ ) (QuickBird
.
-
) -: (Cartography .
) -: (maps
.
) -: (electronic maps ) digital
(maps
) (GPS
.
.
) -: (Aerial photographs
.
) -: (Satellite images
.
) ( : - :
.
) -: (GeoDatabase
. )(Records
) (Fields
) (Attributes
.
.
:
.
) -: (GIS - Geographic Information System
) . (spatial
) (spatial ) (features
.
.
)
(
. GPS
) (ArcGIS ) (CYME
) (AutoCAD .
- Raster Vector
:
-: Raster Images Bitmap Images
Pixels,
.
-: Vector Graphics
) (Vectors
.
resolution
Corel Draw ,
. AutoCAD Macromedia Flash , GIS
) (Raster ) (Vector
Raster Vector
: Resolution pixels
) (ppi=pixels per inch
( dpi =dots per inch) ,
- resolution - ppi
. pixels
) (Raster
Resolution
) (Vector
. Resolution
) Resolution ( spatial resolution meters/pixel
pixel
meters/pixel ) pixel
( .
Raster
Format
.
GIF JPG PSD BMP TIFF SID PNG
. ECW . GIF
JPEG
JPEG
GIF
.
GIF JPEG
Animation
GIF JPEG PNG .GIF
BMP
PSD .
TIFF
GBytes
GeoTIFF
) SID (LizardTech
%
AutoCAD
. Autodesk raster design
ECW ) Enhanced Compression Wavelet
(Earth Resource Mapping )
( . 50 000 Gb
.
-:
) (Pyramids
) ( ) (Zoom
.
:
-: Image processing -
.
-:
- ) (noise Image
-: Enhancement
) (brightness ) (contrast
) (color
) (noise
.
.
-:
Thresholding ,
.
Stretching ,
.
Slicing ,
) .(Slices -
.Edge enhancement
.
Spatial filtering
) (
. Wavelet Fourier
- -:
-
-: Orthorectification
.
)
(
.
). digital elevation model (DEM
- -: atmospheric refraction
atmosphere
)
( .
-:
.
-
Image Mosaicking
ERDAS
.
- georefrence . . geocoding
.
-:
- Image fusion techniques
) (
)(mutispectral images
) (panchromatic image
) . (multi-band image
- combining images
)(
)
(
.
- combining vector data )(
) (Vector Graphics
) (Layers )( .
: Georeference
)
(
(Geographic
) Coordinate System
) (prime meridian
) (Longitude
.
). (Latitude
) NAD27 (North American Datum 1927
) (
) (
) (NAD27
.
.
NAD83 (North American Datum 1983) -
WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984) -
.
-:
) -: (datum ) (data
) (Geocentre
.
-: Geoid .
-
, WGS84
.
)ArcGIS
(ERDAS global mapper 7
. (GCP) Ground Control Points
global mapper 7 ArcGIS
. ERDAS
): (Map Projection
) (Projected Coordinate System
.
.
-:
-
-
-
-
) (Projection
: .
: .
UTM
-:
.
.
UTM
N S
Zone 38 N
) ( ) (
Zone 37 N )
. Zone 39 N
(
-:
.
) UTM (
)(Map Projections
) UTM (Universe Transverse Mercator
.
Mercator projection
Sinusoidal projection
Azimuthal projection
Stereographic projection
Robinson projection
-:
GeoExpress 6 ERDAS global mapper 7 ArcGIS
-:
GeoExpress 6
-:
ERDAS global mapper 7 ArcGIS
-:
AutoCAD CYME ArcGIS
1. Stephen Brooks And Jacqueline L. Whalley, 2007. A 2D/3D
Hybrid Geographical Information System.
.
11. S. Tramini, M. Antonini, M. Barlaud, G. Aubert, B. Roug, C.
Latry, 2000. Spatio-Frequency Noise Distribution A Priori For
Satellite Image Joint DENOISING/ DEBLURRING.