255

Thoughtless of others inconsiderate / bezmylny, lekkomylny/

Avoding extremes moderate / skromny, o umiarkowanych pogldach (np. politycznych,
religijnych)/
Permitted by law legitimate / legalny, prawowity, zgodny z prawem, prawny/
Unable to read or write illiterate / analfabeta, niepimienny/
In proper proportion with commensurate / proporcjonalny/
Having little or no hope desperate / zdesperowany (o osobie), desperacki (np. krok)/
Inborn or natural innate / wrodzony/
Stubborn or inflexible of will obstinate/obdurate / zawzity, uparty, uporczywy/
Occurring, done, at once; coming nearest immediate / najbliszy, bezporedni, pilny,
natychmiastowy/
Sufficient adequate / adekwatny, odpowiedni/
Loving, showing love or fondness affectionate / czuy, tkliwy/
Dominated by, or easily giving way to, strong feelings passionate /namitny, pomienny, porywczy/
Pure, faultless, right in every detail immaculate /nieskazitelnie czysty, niepokalany/
Fine, soft or tender delicate / delikatny, wraliwy/
247
Many fabrics are specially treated so as to be unshrinkable (shrink) / niekurczliwy, niezbiegajcy si/
Men may die, but their words are indestructible (destroy) / niezniszczalny/
Unfortunately, the problem of recurring inflation appears to be insoluble (solve) /niedajcy si
rozwiza, nierozwizalny/
Extra police were called in when it appeared that the crowd might become uncontrollable (control)
/niepohamowany (np. o inflacji), niepowstrzymany (np. gniew, miech)/
It was a memorable (remember) day when peace was declared /pamitny, godny zapamitania,
zapadajcy w pami/
Britain has many miles of navigable (navigate) waterways / spawny, eglowny/
Cheques are generally negotiable (negotiate) / do uzgodnienia, do negocjacji (np. cena, warunki)/
Days changes to night by almost imperceptible (perceive) stages / niezauwaalny, niedostrzegalny,
nieuchwytny/
He returned to his university after twenty years absence to find that innumerable (number) changes
had taken place / niezliczony/
The residents complained of the objectionable (object) smell produced by the tanning factory/ nie na
miejscu, budzcy sprzeciw, nie do przyjcia, niedopuszczalny/
The engineers engaged on tunnel construction had to blast away tons of impenetrable (penetrate) rock
/niedostpny, nieprzebyty (o obszarze), nieprzenikniony/
Many currencies are now freely convertible (convert) / przeksztacalny, przemienny, moliwy do
przeksztacenia/
248
In the poorer parts of underdeveloped countries many people live in a pitiable (pity) state. / ndzny,
wzruszajcy, wzbudzajcy wspczucie/
Airmen are supplied with inflatable (inflate) rubber dinghies, to be used if they bale out over the sea. /
nadmuchiwany przedmiot/
We spent a very enjoyable (enjoy) evening talking about old times. / miy, przyjemny/
Even as late as the nineteenth century, sheep-stealing was punishable (punish) by death. / karalny (np.
czyn)/
The goods were so badly damaged in transit that they were found to be unsalable (sell) / niemoliwy
do sprzedania/
The problem of slum clearance is inseparable (separate) from the problem of building new houses. /
nierozczny, nieodczny/
When shown the music of Tchaikovskys violin concerto, the violinist for whom it was written
declared it to be unplayable (play). / niewykonalny, trudny do wykonania/
Since his bad habits were never broken when he was a child, they are now incorrigible (correct) /
niepoprawny (np. kamca)/
The English now regard free education as an inalienable (alienate) right. / niezbywalny (o prawie)/
Childrens minds are very impressionable (impress). / atwowierny, podatny na wpyw/
How a nail came to be in the meat pie was quite inexplicable (explain) / niewytumaczalny/
The English butler(kamerdyner) is generally assumed to be imperturbable (perturb) / spokojny,
niewzruszony (np. temperament, usposobienie)/
260
Make pure purify / oczyszcza (np. wod)/
Make or become clear clarify / wyjani, wyjania, doprecyzowa/
Fill with terror terrify / przerazi/
Put right rectify / naprawia (np. krzywd), skorygowa (np. rachunki), sprostowa (np. mylne fakty)/
Give notice of, report notify / powiadamia, zgasza (np. na policj)/
Make false or incorrect falsify / faszowa, podrabia/
Make or become liquid liquefy / skrapla (si), topi, topnie/
Arrange in classes or groups classify / klasyfikowa, sklasyfikowa/
Make or become more intense intensify / nasili, nasila, zdwoi, zdwaja, wzmocni, wzmacnia/
Illustrate by example; be an example of exemplify / ilustrowa, stanowi przykad/
Form into one, unite unify / jednoczy, unifikowa, ujednolica/
Be a symbol of; be representative of typify / by wzorem (czego), by typowym przykadem
(czego)/
261
Make (soil) productive fertilize /nawozi/
Make of one size, shape, quality, etc., according to fixed standards standardize /normalizowa,
ujednolica (np. produkcj)/

Prepare for movement action mobilize / zmobilizowa, mobilizowa/

Practise terrorism upon terrorize / terroryzowa, zastrasza/

Reduce to a minimum minimize / minimalizowa, zmniejszy, redukowa/

Use sparingly economize / oszczdza, zaoszczdza, zaoszczdzi/

Speak in general terms generalize /uoglnia/

Give authority to authorize / upowania, udziela penomocnictwa, zezwoli/

Subject to penalty penalize / kara, skaza na kar/

Establish a colony colonize / kolonizowa/

Put in danger jeopardize / zagrozi, zagraa/

Make permissible by law legalize / legalizowa, zalegalizowa/

257
Pull up by the roots, get rid of eradicate / wykorzenia, wykorzeni, wypleni/
Utterly destroy annihilate / unicestwia, unicestwi (cakowicie zlikwidowa)/
Take part in participate / uczestniczy (aktywnie), bra udzia/
Make inquiries into investigate /bada, docieka, prowadzi dochodzenie/
Soak thoroughly saturate /nasyca, namacza, przemacza/
Restore to good condition renovate / odnowi, odrestaurowa/
Fill with holes perforate / przebija, perforowa, dziurkowa/
Estimate too highly overrate / przecenia, przeceni, przereklamowa (np. osob, film)/
Propose for election nominate / nominowa (wysun czyj kandydatur)/
Make very angry infuriate / doprowadzi do szau, rozwcieczy/
Turn into vapour evaporate / odparowa, odparowywa (np. pyn)/
Subject to questioning interrogate / przesuchiwa, przesucha/

258

have commanding influence and position dominate / dominowa, zdominowa (kogo/co)/

supply land with water irrigate / nawodni, nawadnia, irygowa (np. pola)/
preserve in memory' by celebration commemorate / upamitni, uczci pami/
try to do as well as or better than emulate / naladowa, prbowa dorwna/
pierce, enter into penetrate / przebija si, przedziera, przedostawa si/
look forward to a thing before it comes anticipate / spodziewa si, oczekiwa, przewidywa/
buy or sell where there is a great risk of loss and a great chance of gain; form opinion (without having
complete knowledge) speculate / spekulowa, rozwaa teoretycznie/
go round, revolve rotate / obraca si, kry/
go through the main points of again recapitulate / zrekapitulowa, zreasumowa/
place apart or alone isolate / izolowa, wyodrbnia/
look at or think about seriously contemplate / zastanawia si, rozwaa/
use movements of the hands and arms to express ideas or feelings gesticulate / gestykulowa/

262
understand, be fully conscious of, see clearly realize / uwiadomi sobie (co), zda sobie spraw (z
czego)/
arouse horror and indignation in a person scandalize / wywoywa zgorszenie, szokowa (np.
czynem), obraa (poczucie moralnoci)/
compose or produce something without preparation improvise / improwizowa/
act as deputy deputize / wyznacza (kogo na zastpc), delegowa (kogo)/
bring up to date, make suitable for present-day needs modernize /zmodernizowa/
say that one is sorry for doing wrong apologize / przeprasza (za co), usprawiedliwia si/
support by means of a subsidy subsidize / subwencjonowa, dotowa (finansowo)/
be or become a specialist specialize / specjalizowa si (w czym)/
become fact materialize / materializowa, ucieleni, urzeczywistnia/
represent, be a symbol of symbolize /symbolizowa, przedstawia/
make a victim of victimize / przeladowa, represjonowa/
go through carefully and correct where necessary scrutinize / szczegowo bada (co), analizowa
(co)/

240

The lost child gave its name with a nervous and shaking voice. tremulously / drcym gosem
(mwi)/
He did his work with great care and thoroughness. Conscientiously /sumiennie, skrupulatnie/
Knowing that the weather might quickly change for the worse, the climbers very wisely took extra
equipment with then. Judiciously /rozsdnie, rozumnie/
The woman trapped in the blazing house was screaming with uncontrollable emotion and fear.
Hysterically / hysterically/
Everyone agreed that the Secretary General was a man who had worked for peace with unremitting
effort. Tirelessly /tirelessly/
More exports means, looking at the question from the opposite point of view, fewer goods for the
home market. Conversely / conversely/
Many people enjoy the thrills of climbing indirectly by reading of the experience of others.
Vicariously / porednio/
This book, illustrated regardless of expense, makes a wonderful Christmas gift. Lavishly / hojnie,
szczodrze/
Having no mind of his own, the critic adopted with complete lack of originality the opinion of others.
Slavishly / niewolniczo (np. trzyma si czego)/
The patient was, through an oversight, given the wrong prescription by the doctor. Inadvertently /
nieumylnie, przez nieuwag/
The man in court was charged with obstructing the police with intention and determination. Willfully /
uparcie, z uporem/
The revelation of the scandal occurred at a very inconvenient time at the beginning of an election
campaign. Inopportunely / nieodpowiednio, nie w pore/

241

We are now able to produce more and more raw materials by artificial means. Synthetically
/syntetycznie/

The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver cup and expressing their
pride in victory. Triumphantly / tryumfalnie, zwycisko/
I suggested in a hesitating way that what my friend was doing was wrong. Tentatively / wstpnie,
niezobowizujco/
Heavy rain hampered rescue operations in an extreme way. Severely / ciko, powanie/
Intending aircrew undergo searching tests to discover whether they are by disposition and character
suitable for the work. Temperamentally / z natury/
The thief took the goods in a way that no one would notice and left the shop. Surreptitiously
A judge must always be perfectly and in every way fair. Scrupulously / ukradkiem/
The children pressed their noses against the shop window and looked with unsatisfied longing at the
goods inside. Wistfully / smutno, tsknie/
The drunkard spoke in a quarrelsome way when asked by the police to accompany them to the police
station. Aggressively / agresywnie/
We walked actively and with energy along the cliffs and soon became warm despite the cold wind.
Briskly / dziarsko, wawo, energicznie/
The workers complained that their wage claim had been rejected without impartial consideration by
their employers. Arbitrarily / przypadkowo, losowo/
The wife of the first man in space sat at home waiting with anxious fear for his return to earth.
Apprehensively / z lkiem, z niepokojem/

251

Most teachers prefer a class that is fairly consistent in having pupils of the same level. Homogeneous
/ homogeniczny, jednorodny, jednolity/
The hotel porter gave me a contemptuous and haughty stare as I alighted from the bus with a
rucksack and approached the entrance. Supercilious / dumny (o postawie), wyniosy (o zachowaniu)/
Mountain-climbing can often be dangerous in winter because of the unpredictable and ever-changing
weather. Capricious / grymany (np. dziecko) kapryny (np. pogoda)/
Nobody could agree with the speaker because all his arguments and ideas sprang from assumptions
that were based on error. Fallacious / bdny (o rozumowaniu)/
What a pity it is that some cheeses have such a thoroughly unpleasant smell that people are deterred
from eating them! Obnoxious / wstrtny, okropny, ohydny/
Children who develop faculties at an unusually early age do not always fuilfil their promise later in
life. Precocious / przedwczenie dojrzay (o dziecku), wczenie rozwinity (np. umiejtno)/
This writer keeps strictly to his subject, and is careful not to introduce any matter that is not directly
relevant to the subject. Extraneous / nieistotny, poboczny/
Only a person who cant think for himself will be taken in by arguments that seem right or true but
are not really so. Specious / baamutny, pokrtny, zwodniczy/
It was regarded as an event of great importance and consequence when man first stepped on to the
moon. Momentous / doniosy, wany/

The mans fellow workers felt he had been taking an unwarranted liberty in putting himself forward
as their spokesman. Presumptuous / arogancki, zarozumiay, bezczelny/

When questioned by the master about a theft from a cloakroom, the boy, with an open and innocent
expression on his face, pretended to know nothing about it. Ingenuous / naiwny, prostoduszny/
The newspaper was sued for having made remarks motivated by ill will and spite about the famous
singer. Malicious / zoliwy, pody/
At certain ages, many children are very difficult to please or very particular about the food they eat
and the clothes they wear. Fastidious / wybredny, wymagajcy/
Fifty years ago, the idea of living to the moon appeared absurd or ridiculous. Ludicrous / absurdalny,
mieszny/
252
Comedians must depend to some extent on the fact that laughter is likely to spread to or influence
others. Infectious /zakany/

They chose the village hall for the party as it was roomy and had, at the same time, a homely
atmosphere. Spacious /przestronny/

The audience at the circus broke into natural and unforced applause as the acrobat completed his
most daring turn. Spontaneous / spontaniczny (o osobie)/

Trees that shed their leaves each year look very bare in winter. Deciduous / zrzucajcy licie (o
drzewie)/
In some of his experiments with dogs, Pavlov had to keep them from food until they were almost
fierce from lack of food in order to induce the desired response to stimuli. Ravenous / wygodniay,
aroczny (o osobie)/

Contrary to expectations, the House was far from being all of the same mind on the question of
building new universities. Unanimous / jednomylny, jednogony (np. o decyzji)/

Comparatively few people are able to use either hand with equal facility. Ambidextrous / oburczny
(osoba posugujca si praw i lew rk)/
Until the nineteenth century, governments fended to view' the problem of the aged and the poor
with hard and insensitive indifference. Callous / bezduszny, bezwzgldny, bezlitosny, okrutny,
nieczuy/

Shop assistants must sometimes find it difficult to remain polite and showing good manners when
faced with an unpleasant or rude customer. Courtecous / uprzejmy/

Airline pilots undergo very strict and severe health checks at regular intervals. Rigorous /
rygorystyczny, surowy/
253
Perhaps lie was simply frying to make an impression, but I found him rather. . . (full of self-
importance) pompous / nadty, paradny/

The houses were dearly subsiding. Several... cracks had appeared in the walls, (having a threatening
or unfavourable aspect) ominous / zowieszczy/

It is now generally accepted that cigarette smoking is... to health, (likely to cause harm or injury)
injurious / szkodliwy (np. nawyk, praktyka)/

His eldest daughter was growing up into a .. . young lady, (lively, high-spirited) vivacious / ywy,
peen ycia (np. osoba)/

London was once ... for its smog, but things have improved since die introduction of smokeless
zones, (well known for a bad reason) notorious / cieszcy si z saw/
The lawyer advised the publishers to withdraw from the book several passages that might be
considered ... (likely to damage the character or reputation of someone) libellous / oszczerczy,
zniesawiajcy/

Our short cut proved to be a very hilly and ... road, (full of twists and bends) tortuous / krty (o
ciece), wijcy si (np. strumyk)/

Some students took... notes during the lecture, (plentiful, in abundance) copious / obfity, obszerny/

In the Hebrides, off the coast of Scotland, there has been a revival in ... crafts such as weaving,
(native, belonging naturally to the area) indigenous / rdzenny, tubylczy, autochtoniczny/

The sentence he had written was ... (capable of more than one interpretation) ambiguous /
dwuznaczny, niejednoznaczny/

It seemed to me that the taxi driver was taking a most... route. Perhaps he just didnt know the way.
(roundabout or indirect) circuitous / okrny, oklny/

An older generation often regards the behaviour of the young as ... (shocking; beyond all reasonable
limits) outrageous / oburzajcy, skandaliczny/

249

Present-day English society' is often labelled 'wanting to gain things for itself. Acquisitive /
zachanny/
Would you prefer to be thought obedient or merely humble and meekly unassertive? Submissive /
posuszny, ulegy, pokorny/
The measures the Government has already taken are some sign of the seriousness with which it
views the present crisis. Indicative / wskazujcy/

The child had come under bad influences during the years of his life that were decisive in shaping his
character. Formative / ksztatujcy, nadajcy ksztat/

The police charged the man with using language that was meant to be insulting. Abusive /
zniewaajcy, obelywy/
Television exerts an influence that has a widespread effect on the lives of our children. Pervasive /
wszechobecny, wszechogarniajcy/
We had almost given up hope of finding our cat, when we heard a mournful and sorrowful miaow
from the branch of a nearby tree. Plaintive / paczliwy, zawodzcy, aosny (np. gos, pacz)/

The Companys profits have increased by 5 per cent in each of the last three years. Successive /
kolejny, nastpujcy po sobie (o wydarzeniu, czynnoci)/
The machine that didn't work properly had to be returned to the makers. Defective / wybrakowany
(o produkcie), wadliwy (np. sprzt)/
Efforts to put the scheme into practice proved such that they ended in failure. Abortive / daremny,
nieskuteczny, nieudany/
When we asked the boy who knocked on the door what the money he was collecting was for, he
gave us an answer that was intended to avoid being a direct reply. Evasive / wymijajcy, mao
konkretny/

He does a trade that brings in a lot of money by selling vegetables grow n in his back garden.
Lucrative / dochodowy, intratny, lukratywny, popatny/

Most students found the lecture useless because it was too prone to wander from one point to
another without plan. Discursive / dygresyjny/

Appearances can often be liable to mislead. Deceptive / oszukaczy, mylny/

250

One side of a postage stamp is covered with a sticky substance. Adhesive / lepki, przyczepny/
A man who is apt to be moved by sudden impulse acts first and thinks afterwards. Impulsive /
impulsywny, porywczy/
Children are very apt to ask questions and often have memories more able to remember facts than
adults. Inquisitive/retentive /dociekliwy, dobry, trway (o pamici)/

A passage of writing whose purpose is to describe can be very difficult to summarize. Descriptive
/opisowy/

A great deal of damage was caused by the fire before it could be brought under control. Extensive /
obszerny, rozlegy, szczegowy/

Much of eastern England has a soil that produces crops of a very high yield. Productive /urodzajny/
In a debate, it is always good to have at least one speaker whose arguments arc intentionally
irritating or designed to produce a strong reaction. Provocative / dranicy, irytujcy, prowokatorski/

It is a platitude that wealth is not always likely to lead to happiness. Conudcive / sprzyjajcy/

Everyone recognized that it would be unfair and impracticable to make the law apply to the past.
Retroactive / dziaajcy wstecz/

The public needs to be assured that the Stock Exchange does not offer too many opportunities to the
investor who is merely concerned with financial operations of a risky but potentially highly profitable
nature. Speculative / oparty na domysach (o teorii, pogldzie)/
242
The young students were discussing the subject in a lively manner. Animatedly /z oywieniem, ywo/
They managed to settle the dispute in a friendly way. Amicably /po przyjacielsku, ugodowo/
I have almost finished my work, and I shall be with you very soon. Shortly /wkrtce, niedugo/
He expressed his point of view in very few words. Briefly /przelotnie, na krtko/
The ships generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated by hand instead of by machine.
Manually/mechanically /rcznie,/mechanicznie./
In the accident that occurred last night, two men were so badly injured that they died. Fatally
/miertelnie/
His novel ideas are time and again getting him into trouble with his more conservative colleagues.
Constantly / stale, cigle/
This machine is out of order for the time being. Temporarily / chwilowo, przejciowo, tymczasowo/
When asked why he had been absent from school, the boy replied, in a manner lacking all respect, that
he had gone fishing instead. Insolently /bezczelnie/

England is by reputation a land of everlasting rain and fog. Reputedly / rzekomo, podobno/
He undertook the work of his own free will. Voluntarily / obrowolnie, na ochotnika, z wasnej woli/
The motion was carried with the agreement of all. Unanimously / jednomylnie, jednogonie/

243

The room has been furnished in a manner showing good taste. Tastefully /z gustem, ze smakiem/
The Music Festival was held every-year. Annually /co roku/
He won the first prize three years one after another. Successively / sukcesywnie/
The politician realized that by supporting a pacifist policy he would, beyond all hope of recall, forfeit
his chances of becoming the party leader. Irrevocably /nieodwoalnie/

He could see, looking back over the past, where he had gone wrong. Retrospectively / z perspektywy
czasu/
The farmer found that his crops were, in comparison with those of other farmers, undamaged by the
heavy rainstorm. Comparatively / stosunkowo, porwnawczo/

He said that they had, it was to be regretted, been obliged to give up the scheme through lack of
support. Regrettably / niestety, na nieszczcie (czyje)/

He felt angry, as he had every reason to be, at the way he had been treated. Naturally /naturalnie, z
pewnoci, oczywicie)
The new building was at once functional and pleasing in its appeal to ones sense of beauty.
Aesthetically /estetycznie/
The man was found to have married again while still legally married to his first wife. Bigamously
/bigamicznie/
Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner that had crashed must have died at the very
moment of the crash. Instantaneously /natychmiast/
A thousand pounds was given to the Cancer Research Fund without the name of the donor being
made known. Anonymously /anonimowo/

244

Many people are easily influenced by flattery. Susceptible /podatny (na chorob, pochlebstwa)

Adolescents often go through a phase when they are completely lacking in any sense of
responsibility. Irresponsible /nieodpowiedzialny/

He argued so cogently that Iris critics found they could not answer him. Unanswerable / bez
odpowiedzi (o pytaniu)/

Despite several setbacks, the climbers went on with their plans for an assault on the Eiger with
enthusiasm that could not be repressed. Irrepressible / ywotny, peen energii, niepohamowany/

A good ear for nuances is absolutely necessary if one wishes to speak a foreign language perfectly.
Indispensable / nieodzowny, niezbdny, konieczny, niezastpiony/

Being impatient is opposed in nature or character with being a good teacher. Incompatible /
rozbieny, niedobrany, sprzeczny (np. o charakterach, pogldach)/

The police admitted to having made a mistake that was very much to be regretted in accusing an
innocent man. Regrettable / godny poaowania (o pomyce), niefortunny (o wydarzeniu),
nieodaowany/

Your attitude in this matter is such as cannot be defended. Indefensible / nie dajcy si obroni, nie
do obrony/

The value of Elgars contribution to the reputation of British music is too great to be estimated.
Inestimable / nieoceniony/

Negotiations between the employers and the workers broke down because both sides were too
determined not to be turned aside from, or to modify, their purpose. Inflexible / nieugity,
nieustpliwy/

Although the two vessels collided with a sharp impact, the damage was found, on inspection, to be of
little or no significance. Negligible / nieistotny, bez znaczenia/

Most people like to think they are so efficient at their job that they would be impossible to replace.
Irreplaceable /niezastpiony/
245

Humidity is so intense in some parts of the tropics that Europeans find they are unable to endure it.
unendurable / nieznony (o osobie), nie do wytrzymania (np. o blu)/

He found he could not be chosen for the job because he hadnt the necessary qualifications, (was ...)
ineligible / nie speniajcy wymaganych warunkw (np. do kandydowania, do stypendium)/

The two views are such as cannot be reconciled to one another. Irreconcilable / nieprzejednany,
nierozwizywalny/

All men are liable to make mistakes. Fallible / omylny, zawodny (np. o pamici)/

He spoke so quickly that no one amid understand him. (as to be . . .) incomprehensible /

niezrozumiay, niepojty, niewytumaczalny

In Wales there is a village whose name is, for English people, impossible to pronounce.
Unpronounceable / nie do wymwienia, trudny do wymwienia/

The number 12 can be divided by 2, 3,4, and 6. (is . . .) divisible /podzielny/

We had the greatest difficulty one could imagine in persuading the authorities that we had come to
England only to study. Imaginable / dajcy si wyobrazi, wyobraalny

Froebel believed that unless children were trained properly from a very early age they would develop
faults of character that would later become fixed so firmly that they couldnt be rooted out.
Ineradicable / nie do wykorzenienia, nie do usunicia/

The quality that makes a picture a masterpiece is often impossible to define or explain. Indefinable /
niedajcy si okreli, nieokrelony, nieuchwytny/

Its useless to go ahead with a plan if you think it may prove impossible to put into practice.
Impracticable /niewykonalny, nierealny/

After he had followed a course in elocution, his speech was quite without faults. Impeccable /
nieskazitelny (o wygldzie, porzdku), bez zarzutu/

246

England is linked by such (dissolve) ties to America that any permanent quarrel between the two
countries is (conceive). Indissoluble/inconceivable /nierozerwalny,/ niepojty, niewyobraalny, nie
do pomylenia/

Employers claimed that yet another strike would do (repair) harm to the public image of Trade
Unions. Irreparable / niemoliwy do naprawienia, nieodwracalny/

Most people would agree that the greatest of poets are (translate). Untranslatable /
nieprzetumaczalny/

Only a limited number of types of fungi are (eat). Edible /jadalny/

My first sight of mountains made an (delete) impression on my memory. Indelible / niezapomniany,
niezatarty (np. o wspomnieniach, wraeniach)/

You wont persuade him to change his mind. His decision is (revoke). Irrevocable / bezpowrotny,
nieodwoalny/

His moods are very (change). Changeable / zmienny, zmieniajcy si, ruchomy/

Ive never met such a man. His energy seems (exhaust). Inexhaustible / niewyczerpany (np. zasoby,
cierpliwo)/

Mozarts style has been found to be (imitate). Inimitable / nie do podrobienia, niezrwnany,
niedocigniony, niepowtarzalny/

He is in the (envy) position of being completely independent. Enviable / godny pozazdroszczenia, do

pozazdroszczenia/

Though once friends, they are now the most (placate) of enemies. Implacable / nieubagany,
nieprzejednany (o wrogu), nieugity, nieustpliwy/

Floods having carried away the bridge, the river was (pass). Impassable / nie do przebycia,
nieprzebyty, nieprzejezdny, nieprzekraczalny (o drodze)

286

Persist persistent, persistence / utrzymywa si, nie ustpowa (np. bl)/

Abstain abstinent, abstinence / powstrzymywa si, wstrzymywa si/
Compete competitive, competition / konkurowa/
Retain retentive, retention / zachowywa, zatrzymywa (o przedmiocie)/
Proceed procedural, procedure / kontynuowa, przej dale/
Deepen deep, depth / stawa si gbszym (o wodzie), pogbia (np. kana)/
287
Deceive deceptive, deception / okamywa, oszukiwa/
Vary various, variety / rni si, zmienia si/
Grieve grievous, grief / martwi si, rozpacza, opakiwa (kogo)/
Authorize authoritative, authority / upowania, udziela penomocnictwa, zezwoli/
Compare comparative, comparison / porwnywa/
Explore exploratory, exploration / bada/
288
Defy defiant, defiance / przeciwstawia si (prawu), ignorowa (nakazy), postpowa wbrew
(komu, czemu)/
Explain explanatory, explanation / tumaczy, objania/
Explode explosive, explosion / wybucha, eksplodowa/
Irritate irritable, irritation / drani, rozdrani, irytowa, zirytowa (np. zachowaniem, uwagami)/
Imitate imitative, imitation / imitowa, naladowa/
Observe observant, observation / zauway, zaobserwowa (np. przeprowadziwszy badania)/
254
taking care not to make mistakes or get into danger cautious /ostrony/
offering service that Is not wanted; intrusive officious / nadgorliwy, narzucajcy si/
flourishing, successful, thriving prosperous / zamony, bogaty/
difficult, requiring the use of much energy arduous / trudny, mczcy, ciki/
careful to act according to what ones conscience tells one is right; showing a strong sense of duty
conscientious / sumienny, skrupulatny/
full of a strong desire to do or be something, or for success, fame, or honour ambitious /ambitny/
untrustworthy or disloyal; not to be depended on treacherous / podstpny, zdradziecki, oszukaczy/
happening or done at the same time simultaneous / jednoczesny, rwnolegy (w czasie)/
costly or luxurious sumptuous / przepyszny, okazay, peen przepychu/
showing readiness to give money, help, or kindness generous /hojny/
delighting in the infliction of injury vicious / pody, zoliwy, nikczemny/
showing or influenced by unreasonable belief in the supernatural, in magic, or in witchcraft
superstitious /przesdny/

256

The two authors worked together on the book. Collaborate /wspracowa/

While he was a prisoner of war, his captors attempted to instil their own beliefs into him.
Indoctrinate / uwiadomi ideologicznie/

Investors have seen the value of their shares go down considerably during the last six months.
Depreciate / pomniejsza warto (czego)/

Far from improving matters, what you have done has only made the problem worse. Aggravate /
pogarsza (np. sytuacj), utrudnia (zrobienie czego)/

The fact that the management is trying to reach agreement with five separate unions has tended to
make the negotiations more difficult and complex. Complicate /komplikowa/

Unfortunately, it is all too evident that reports about famine in parts of Africa were in no way made
to seem worse than the reality. Exaggerate / przesadza, popada w przesad/

The cross-examining lawyer was soon able to show that the witness had simply invented the story
from beginning to end. Fabricate / wytwarza, produkowa, wymyla/

The new methods will make easier the speedy handling of goods in the docks. Facilitate / uatwia,
umoliwia/

The two thieves gained access to the house by pretending to be policemen. Impersonate / wciela si
w posta (kogo), odgrywa (rol), podawa si za (kogo)/
The whole consignment of tinned food was condemned as being impure and likely to cause disease.
Contaminate / zanieczyci, skazi/

Next year, we shall prepare a much larger area of ground for growing crops. Cultivate / uprawia (np.
ziemi, gleb)/

The courier had the unenviable task of trying to calm the angry feelings of a crowd of holidaymakers
who were obliged to accept alternative accommodation. Placate / zaagodzi, uspokaja,
udobrucha/

239
Although unwilling to do so, he came to the conclusion that no better scheme was practicable.
Reluctantly /niechtnie, opornie (robi co)/
The party leaders speech seemed to go on and on without end. Interminably /bez koca/
The electorate viewed with lack of interest the prospect of a Communist government coming to
power. Indifferently /obojtnie, bezstronnie/
Until the new method had proved its worth, the management agreed that the old and the new
should be used together at the same time. Concurrently /jednoczenie, rwnoczenie/
The Secretary General said that the new' plan the Russians had proposed was, in most respects, the
same as the one that had been rejected earlier. Substantially /znacznie, pokanie/
Having been officially banned, the political party was obliged to meet and operate in secret.
Clandestinely /potajemnie, ukradkiem/
This course of action could, it may be imagined, lead to ruin. Conceivably /moliwie/

A member of the audience voiced his objections without any reticence or reserve. Outspokenly
/otwarcie, jawnie/
The sick man asked in a complaining manner why no one ever visited him. Querulously /paczliwie,
paczliwym tonem/
The chairman of the company said that new techniques had, in a very fundamental way, changed
their production methods. Radically /radykalnie/
The fingerprints proved beyond all doubt that Mr X was the murderer. Conclusively /ostatecznie,
ponad wszelk wtpliwo, decydujco, roztrzygajco/

An avid reader, he reads all books without regard to differences in quality or theme. Indiscriminately
/oglnie, w odniesieniu do wszystkich, bez zastanowienia/

289
Depend: dependent; dependence
Conceive: conceptual; conception /wyobraa sobie co/
Attend: attentive; attendant / bra udzia/
Fail: failing; failure
Hasten: hasty; haste / przypiesza/
Fertilize: fertile; fertility / nawozi/ fertile- yzny

290
Migrate: migratory; migration
Sympathize: sympathetic; sympathy / wspczu (komu)/
Repeat: repetitive; repetition
Presume: presumptuous; presumption
Analyse: analytical; analysis
Defraud: fraudulent; fraud /oszukiwa/

291
Simplify: simple; simplification / upraszcza (np. problem), uatwia (np. proces)/
Defend: defensive; defence
Conclude: conclusive; conclusion
Heal: healthy; health
Invigorate: vigorous; vigour / orzewia, orzewi/
Apologize: apologetic; apology

292
Appear: apparent; appearance
Distinguish: distinctive, distinction
Repel: repellent; repulsion / odpycha, wzbudza niech, odpiera/
Remember: memorable, memory
Interpret: interpretative, interpretation
Encumber: cumbersome; encumbrance / obarczy, obarcza, obciy, obcia (np. obowizkami)/

293
Reveal: revelatory; revelation
Avenge: vengeful; vengeance /pomci/
Broadcast: broadcast; broadcast
Emphasize: emphatic; emphasis
Exceed: excessive; excess
Resolve: resolute; resolution

294
Continue: continual; continuation
Exemplify: exemplary; example / ilustrowa, stanowi przykad/
Foresee: foreseeable; foresight / przewidywa/
Submit: submissive; submission / przedstawia (spraw), skada, zoy (np. rezygnacj)/
Inform: informative; information
Prosper: prosperous; prosperity