Hng dn lp t, vn hnh v bo dng my bin p ngm

du c bu du ph v khng c bu du ph
Instructions for installation, operation and maintenance of
conservator type and hermettically sealed distribution transformers

My bin p ngm du ca Cng ty TNHH ABB c

thit k, ch to theo cng ngh ca ABB v c th
nghim xut xng theo cc tiu chun quc t nh
IEC , CENELEC, ANSI v cc tiu chun quc gia khc

Oil immersed transformers of ABB Ltd., has been

designed, manufactured follow ABB Common
Technology and tested according to and fulfilling
specified requirements in all widely applied stan-
dards, such as IEC, ANSI/IEE, CENELEC as well
as local standards.

My bin p ngm du tiu chun ca chng ti l kiu kn, The lifetime of the transformers can be extended with
y du, t gin n vi cnh tn nhit bng cnh gp sng. a correct installation, commissioning, operation and
Nu lp t, vn hnh v bo dng my bin p theo maintenance, so that operation and service costs can
ng quy nh, tui th ca my s c ko di vi cc be economically low.
chi ph thp nht. We have attempted to include all information that will
Chng ti c gng cung cp y cc yu cu cn thit be of value to the user .But if problems should arise
khi s dng my bin p. Nu cn thng tin g thm, xin outside the scope of this manual, please do not hesi-
vui lng lin h li vi chng ti. tate to contact

Phng Kinh doanh, Sales Department

Cng ty TNHH ABB ABB Ltd.
Km9, Quc l 1A, Hong Mai, H Ni Milestone No.9, Highway No.1, Hoang Mai, Hanoi
T: +(84 4) 3861 1010, Fax: +(84 4) 3861 1009 Tel: +(84 4) 3861 1010, Fax: +(84 4) 3861 1009
MC LC CONTENTS

1. Cu to 3 1. Construction 13

2. Vn chuyn v bo qun 3 2. Transportation and Storage 13

2.1. Xut xng 3 2.1. Dispatch 13

2.2. Bo qun 3 2.2. Storage 14

3. Lp t 4 3. Installation 14

3.1. Lp trong nh 4 3.1. Indoor 14

3.2. Lp t bnh ht m 4 3.2. Outdoor 15

4. a vo vn hnh 5 4. Commissioning 15

4.1. Kim tra trc khi ng in 5 4.1 Checks before energizing 15

4.2. Kim tra sau khi ng in 5 4.2 Checks after energizing 15+16

5. Vn hnh my bin p 5 5. Operation 16

5.1. Kim tra mc du 5 5.1. Oil level check 16

5.2. Vn hnh iu chnh in p 5 5.2. Tapchanger 16

5.3. Van gim p 6 5.3. Pressure relief device 16

5.4. R le hi 6 5.4. Buchholz relay 16

5.5. Nhit k 6 5.5. Thermometer 16+17

5.6. Ph ti ca my bin p ABB 6+7+8 5.6. Loading operation 17+18+19

6. Bo dng my bin p 8 6. Mainternance

6.1 Bo dng my bin p kiu kn ngm du 8+9 6.1 Maintenance of Hermetically sealed type transformer 19+20

6.2 Bo dng My bin p c bu du ph 10+11+12 6.2 Maintenance of transformer with conservator 20+21+22+23

Hnh v s cao th High voltage bushing 24

Hnh v s h th Low voltage bushing 24

My bin th kiu kn Oil-immersed, hermetically sealed 25

My khng bu du ph v c hp bo v Oil-immersed, hermetically sealed with cable boxes 26

My bin th c bnh du ph Oil-immersed with conservator 26

Bng ph kin Accessories list 27

2
 HNG DN LP T, VN HNH V BO DNG
MY BIN P NGM DU
C BU DU PH V KHNG C BU DU PH

1. Cu to:
1.1. My bin p kiu kn, y du, t gin n, khng c m kh:
y l loi my kiu kn y du vi v thng cnh sng do vy s dn n ca du trong my do thay i ph
ti v nhit c b li bng s co gin ca cnh gp sng v my. Du khng tip xc vi khng kh v hi
m do vy trnh c lo ha, m bo cht lng ca du khng thay i t lc lp t cho n ht tui th
ca my.
Do vy my khng cn phi ly mu du trong thi gian vn hnh (20-30 nm)
My bin p kiu kn ph hp vi mi trng c m cao.
Tui th ca my vn b nh hng bi mt phn nh m v xy cn li trong thnh phn cch in (Du,
giy, ba). V vy phi gim ti a thnh phn trong my.

1.2. Thng thng i vi nhng my c cng sut ln hn 2500kVA s c bu du ph. Bu du c thit k vi

mc ch cha phn du gin n trong my do s tng gim ca nhit mi trng v ti gy ra v hn
ch phn du tip xc vi khng kh, n thng c trang b bnh ht m v van tho du, ngoi ra n c th
c lp thm Rle hi theo yu cu.

1.3. Ngoi loi my bin p chnh k trn, chng ti cn thit k, ch to nhng my bin p theo yu cu ngi s
dng nh my ngm du c m kh Nit, my c hp cp cao h, my dng iu chnh di ti hoc nhng
my bin p chng chy s dng dung dch Silicone lm mt v.v

2. Vn chuyn v bo qun:

2.1. Xut xng

Tt c cc my bin p trc khi xut xng u phi tri qua th nghim xut xng ti nh my. My bin p
xut xng phi c y du v c lp t y cc ph kin km theo (xem ph lc)

2.1.1. Cu nng/ h khi vn chuyn, lp t

Khi cu nng h my, hy s dng l mc treo trn np my. Ch kch my khi my c ch to c v tr kch
khng c t kch my van tho du hoc cnh tn nhit. Trnh nhng rung ng, va p mnh gy ra
trong khi cu hoc vn chuyn, c bit ch trng cm cnh tn nhit, s cch in.

2.1.2. Kim tra khi nhn my

Ngay khi nhn my bin p, khch hng hy i chiu BIN BN GIAO NHN HNG HA vi my bip p nhn
c. Kim tra tnh trng bn ngoi ca v my, sn, kim tra chy du, mc du v cc ph kin ca my, cc
phn b thiu. Sau khi kim tra, ngi nhn my s k vo bin bn giao nhn hng. Nu thy bt k s mt mt,
h hng, hy thng bo ngay cho nh vn chuyn v Cng ty TNHH ABB trong vng 3 ngy.

3
2.2. Bo qun
My bin p nn a vo lp t v vn hnh ngay sau khi nhn my. Nu khng th c, my bin p phi
c bo qun ni kh ro, c che y cn thn, tt nht l trong kho. iu ny nhm bo v lp sn
bn ngoi ca my iu kin tt.
Cc my bin p khng c lp t qu gn nhau trnh lm h hng cc b phn tn nhit cc thit b km
theo khc.
Li i gia cc my phi m bo s thun tin cho vic kim tra mc du v lp sn bn ngoi khi my
trong kho. i vi my kiu kn khng cn kim tra cch in ca du.
i vi my bin th c bnh du ph.
Bnh du phi c lp t li
Kim tra mu du (in p nh thng v thnh phn m )
Cui k lu kho, mt mu du c ly v kim tra so snh kt qu vi mu trn.
Kim tra cch in ca my

3. Lp t
My bin p do Cng ty TNHH ABB ch to c th lp t trong nh hoc ngoi tri.

3.1. Lp t trong nh
My bin p c th di chuyn trn 4 bnh xe hoc con ln, dng n by. My bin p c lm mt bng
khng kh xung quanh .Bi vy s thng gi tt l cn thit cho lm mt my bin th.
c th lm mt tt, ca a kh lnh vo nn phn thp ca my bin p v ca thot kh nng c
t pha trn ca bung t my. Lung kh mt i vo v lung kh nng a ra nn c b tr cho nhau
trong phng t my.
lm mt 1kW tn hao cn c lung kh lnh 3m3/pht nhit 200C. Khi ng kh vo v ng kh ra chnh
lch 3m, ca kh ra cn c tit din ct ngang khong 0,4m2 lm mt 5kW tn hao hoc 0,2m2 cho 2,5kW.
Hy ch rng din tch ca vo ca lung kh lnh c th nh hn ca ra ca lung kh nng khong 10%. Nu
khng t c iu ny th ca kh ra cng rng cng tt.
khng kh tun hon d dng xung quanh my, my cn c t cch tng t nht l 50cm v khong
cch cc my cng nh vy khi t nhiu my trong cng mt phng.
Cc my bin p phi c b tr vic kim tra v bo dng c th thc hin c ngay c trong khi my
ang vn hnh. c bit trong cc cng vic b xung hay tho du v cc vic u ni dy u phi c thc
hin mt cch thun tin. Ch th mc du, R le hi, Van gim p phi nhn thy c.

3.2. Lp t ngoi tri

My lp t ngoi tri c th t mt t hoc treo trn ct. m bo thng bng v an ton cho my.
Tt c cc my bin p phi c kim tra s, cch in cao h, kim tra h thng tip t, kim tra khong
cch gia cc phn, cc ph kin tho ri km theo (nu c), c bit i vi chng st (xem qui nh bn v
km theo). Tt c cc vic trn phi c hon chnh trc khi a my vo vn hnh.

4
4. a my vo vn hnh
Trc khi ng in, tt c cc my phi qua kim tra trc khi ng in. Nu pht hin thy bt c s h hng
hoc s khc thng no, cn thng bo ngay cho nh sn xut trong vng 1 ngy km theo cc bin bn th
nghim vi cc giy t lin quan khc.

4.1. Kim tra trc khi ng in

Kim tra cn thn my bin p pht hin nhng phn khng bnh thng hoc b hng.
- Kim tra mc du:
Mc du c kim tra ch th du, nu thy mu trng l my y du, nu mu l my thiu du v phi
lin lc vi Cng ty TNHH ABB b xung cho y. Khng c t b xung du m cha c s cho php ca
Cng Ty TNHH ABB.
- Kim tra cch in:
o in tr cch in ca bi dy vi ng h Mga m mt 1000V vi tr s o c khng nh hn:
+ 100M cch in gia cun dy h th vi t
+ 250M vi cch in gia cun dy cao th vi t
+ 250M vi cch in gia cun dy cao th v h th.
Nu tr s in tr cch in o c nh hn tr s k trn, trc ht phi lm sch b mt s cao-h th sau
o li. Nu tr s o c vn nh hn th khi c th cch in ca du b gim do s xm nhp ca
m khng kh. Khi my bin p c th phi lc li du hoc sy li my.
Kim tra t s bin p
t v tr iu chnh theo v tr yu cu.

4.2. Kim tra sau khi ng in

Sau khi my bin p c ng in (khng ti), cc bc kim tra s c tin hnh nh sau:
- Kim tra in p ra khng ti so vi in p yu cu. Nu cha ng c th t li iu chnh c in p
ra nh mong mun v ng in li.
Ch : Ch iu chnh in p khi my khng c in
- Kim tra th t pha: Nu khng ng, ngt in khi my bin p, sa li cho ng v ng in li.
- Kim tra n ca my: Sau khi ng in, nu thy n do my gy ra qu ln hoc c nhng m thanh
l th phi bo ngay cho nh sn xut.

5. Vn hnh my bin p:
Trong qu trnh vn hnh, nhng th tc kim tra thng l di y bt buc phi thc hin y .

5.1. Kim tra mc du:

Xem ch th mc du pha trn ng du, nu c mu trng bo hiu my y du, nu c mu bo hiu
my thiu du v phi lin lc vi Cng ty TNHH ABB b xung cho y (b xung thm).

5.2. Vn hnh iu chnh in p: (i vi my bin p dng iu chnh in p khng ti)

Vic iu chnh in p ch c tin hnh khi my bin p c ct ra khi li v ti.
Cch s dng iu chnh: vn lng np trn ca iu chnh ra, sau ko tay nm iu chnh ln v ng thi
xoay v nc cn t sao cho m ca iu chnh ng s ghi trn nc ca iu chnh. Cui cng n tay nm iu
chnh xung v vn cht np ca iu chnh li.

5
5.3. Van gim p
Van gim p dng lm gim p sut ca my bin p khi xut hin s c bn trong my bin p nh chm V,
ngn mch gia cc pha .v.v Khi p sut bn trong my bin p ln hn 0.35bar th van gim p s t ng
m cho p sut thot ra v t ng ng li khi p sut gim xung.

5.4. R le hi
R le hi dng cung cp tn hiu cho cc thit b bo v my bin p khi trong my xut hin kh bi mt
nguyn nhn no hoc khi my b d du.
R le hi cng c tin hnh kim tra sau khi c lp rp, bao gm mch bo chung v mch ct. Vic
kim tra ny thc hin bng cch n nt kim tra v bm kh vo trong r le qua van kim tra s tc ng
ca cc tip im tng ng.

5.5. Nhit k:
Nhit k c th c cung cp o nhit lp du trn cng

5.5.1. Nhit k ch nhit khng c tip im

Nhit k loi ny c mt kim ch nhit hin ti v mt kim ch nhit ln nht (c th t li v tr c) .
Khng c tip im
Khi kim tra nhit k, thy kim ch nhit ln nht v tr 1000C hoc ln hn phi t li vi tr ca kim ny
mc thp hn v kim tra li trong khong thi gian 1 thng. Nu nhit ln nht t 1000C hoc ln hn k
t ln c trc, th iu c ngha l my bin p qu ti hoc thng gi khng phi gim ti cho my
bin p hoc phi kim tra thng gi c khng. My bin p ch c vn hnh li khi mt trong hai iu
kin c p ng.

5.5.2. Nhit k ch nhit , c hai tip im

Cc tip im tn hiu ny dng cho mch bo ng v mch hnh trnh. Do vic ni cc tip im ny vi
cc thit b ng ct l ht sc cn thit.
Thng thng tn hiu bo ng c thit lp 900C v tn hiu hnh trnh l 1000C.

5.6. Ph ti ca my bin p ABB

Theo tiu chun IEC60076-1 iu kin lm vic thng thng cho mt my bin p phn phi ngm du lm
mt bng khng kh l:
cao ni lp t my khng vt qu 1000m so vi mc nc bin
- Gii hn nhit mi trng t -250C n +400C
- Nhit khng kh bnh qun trong thng khng qu 300C
- Nhit khng kh bnh qun trong nm khng qu 200C
Mc gii hn tng nhit i vi my bin p ngm du, lm mt bng khng kh vi mc nhit dng cho
cp cch in A l:
- tng nhit cun dy ti a l 650C
- tng nhit lp du trn cng ti a l 600C
Nu mt my bin p c thit k vi nhit khng kh lm mt vt qu mt trong nhng gi tr nu trn
th tng nhit cho php i vi cun dy, li tn v du s phi gim xung theo tiu chun IEC60354

6
Ph ti
Bng di y cho kh nng qu ti ca my bin p theo ph ti ban u K1

Bng 1: Nhit mi trng (trong khi ph ti tng) l 200C

K1 = h s ph ti ban u; K2 = H s ph ti so vi cng sut danh nh ti mt qung thi gian (t)

Ti K1= 0.25 Ti K1= 0.5 Ti K1= 0.7 Ti K1= 0.8 Ti K1= 0.9 Ti K1= 1.0
t = 0,5 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,00
t=1 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,00
t=2 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,46 K2= 1,41 K2= 1,32 K2= 1,00
t=4 K2= 1,34 K2= 1,31 K2= 1,27 K2= 1,24 K2= 1,18 K2= 1,00
t=8 K2= 1,16 K2= 1,15 K2= 1,13 K2= 1,12 K2= 1,09 K2= 1,00
t = 24 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00

Bng 1 cho thy: Ph ti tng t h s ph ti ban u (K1) n h s ph ti K2 trong mt qung thi gian t.
Sau khi my bin p hot ng mc ph ti K2 trong qung thi gian (t) (gi) th my bin p phi c t tr li
mc ph ti ban u K1 trong vng t nht l 8 ting

Bng 2: Nhit mi trng (trong khi ph ti tng) l 300C

K1 =h s ph ti ban u; K2 = H s ph ti so vi cng sut danh nh ti mt qung thi gian (t)

Ti K1= 0.25 Ti K1= 0.5 Ti K1= 0.7 Ti K1= 0.8 Ti K1= 0.9 Ti K1= 1.0
t = 0,5 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t=1 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,45 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t=2 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,45 K2= 1,35 K2= 1,26 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t=4 K2= 1,27 K2= 1,23 K2= 1,17 K2= 1,11 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t=8 K2= 1,09 K2= 1,07 K2= 1,04 K2= 1,01 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t = 24 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90

Bng 2 cho thy: Ph ti tng t h s ph ti ban u (K1) n h s ph ti K2 trong mt qung thi gian t (gi).
Sau khi my bin p hot ng mc ph ti K2 trong qung thi gian (t) (gi) th my bin p phi c t tr li
mc ph ti ban u K1 trong vng t nht l 8 ting

Bng 3: Nhit mi trng (trong khi ph ti tng) l 400C

K1 =h s ph ti ban u; K2= H s ph ti so vi cng sut danh nh ti mt qung thi gian (t)

Ti K1= 0.25 Ti K1= 0.5 Ti K1= 0.7 Ti K1= 0.8 Ti K1= 0.9 Ti K1= 1.0
t = 0,5 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t=1 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,35 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t=2 K2= 1,39 K2= 1,31 K2= 1,16 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t=4 K2= 1,15 K2= 1,11 K2= 1,01 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t=8 K2= 0,98 K2= 0,96 K2= 0,91 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t = 24 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80

Bng 3 cho thy: Ph ti tng t h s ph ti ban u (K1) n h s ph ti K2 trong mt qung thi gian t (gi).
Sau khi my bin p hot ng mc ph ti K2 trong qung thi gian (t) (gi) th my bin p phi c t tr li
mc ph ti ban u K1 trong vng t nht l 8 ting

7
V d 1:
Mt my bin p phn khi 500kVA loi ngm du, lm mt bng khng kh lm vic ti mc ph ti 250kVA
(50% ti). Nu cn phi lm vic qu ti mc ph ti 650kVA.
Vy my bin p c th chy qu ti trong bao lu m khng gim tui th ca my?
Nhit mi trng xung quanh ti thi im qu ti l 200C
Gi s in p khng i

Tr li:
650
K1 = 50; K2 = = 1.3
500
Theo bng 1:
My bin p c th chy qu ti ti mc ph ti 650kVA trong vng 4 ting (t=4)

V d 2:
Mt my bin p 250kVA loi ngm du, lm mt bng khng kh cn phi lm vic mc ph ti 300kVA trong
khong thi gian l 2 ting. Nhit mi trng trong 2 ting l 300C
Gi s in p khng i
Vy ph ti ban u ti a l bao nhiu trc khi din ra qu ti?

Tr li:
300
K2 = = 1.2 ; t=2 ting
250
Theo bng 2:
Mc ph ti ti a ban u (K1) c th l 80% mc ph ti ca my
C ngha l: K1 = 250 x 0,8 = 200kVA

V d 3:
Gi d mt my bin p 100kVA loi ngm du, lm mt my bng khng kh lm vic ti mc ph ti 80kVA
(80% mc ph ti ca my) trong mt ngy. Nu cn phi lm vic ti (100%) trong bui chiu 4 ting. Nhit
mi trng vo bui chiu l 400C. Gi s in p khng thay i. Vy my c th lm vic mc ti
khng?

Tr li:
Theo bng 3, my bin p ch c th ti ti a 80% mc ti ca my khi nhit mi trng l 400C. C ngha
l ph ti ti a ca my bin p trong iu kin nhit mi trng l 400C l:
100kVA 0,8 = 80kVA

6. Bo dng my bin p

6.1 Bo dng my bin p kiu kn ngm du

6.1.1 Bo dng nh k:

8
 Vic bo dng nh k c thc hin mt nm mt ln. Vic bo dng ny bt buc phi thc hin khi my
bin p c vn hnh li sau mt thi gian dng hot ng. Cc cng vic bo dng nh k bao gm:
- Lm sch s cch in v cc u ct.
- Kim tra mc du, nu mc du qu thp, kim tra xem c hin tng b r r du hay khng.
- m bo cc thit b bo v gn trn my lm vic tt (ch th mc du, r le hi)
- Kim tra lp sn v my bin p
- i vi iu kin hot ng bnh thng, khng cn thit phi kim tra du.
- Khng cn s bo dng i vi iu chnh v van gim p.

6.1.2 Cch thay th s cao th: (xem bn v s km theo)

S cao th c th tho ra m khng cn phi m my bin p.
Nu do bt k l do g m s b v, nt giong hng hoc thiu th phi thc hin sa cha hoc thay th, nhng
thi gian sa cha khng nn qu 2 gi nhm trnh s xm nhp khng kh vo my do vic tho du gy nn.
Trnh t thc hin cng vic nh sau:
1. Tho np trn ng in du
2. H thp mc du bng cch m van tho du mc du tt xung ngay di np my, cc cun dy vn
m bo ngp trong du. Cha du vo trong mt thng cha kh, sch. Vic h thp mc du nh trn khng
gy nh hng ti cht lng ca my do my c tra du di iu kin chn khng.
Kim tra hi m nh ni phn trn (Kim tra hi m Cracke). Nu du tt c th s dng li, nu khng phi
lc li du, hoc ghp ni vi ng du v van tho du. Chu trnh lc du s tip tc cho n khi kim tra hi
m t yu cu.
Nu cn phi lc du hoc thay du m khng th tin hnh c ti ch, c th vn chuyn my ti Cng ty
TNHH ABB.
3. Tho cc cu (9)
4. p nh vo nh ty s (2) cho ty s tt xung.
5. Tho cu (12), vng kp (14) v vu kp (15)
6. Nh nhng ko s ra, ng thi p nh ty s (2). Ch cn thn v cn dy dn ty s v cun dy c th b
ko ra.
7. Thay th s hoc giong
8. Lp t theo th t ngc li. Cn thn a ty s qua s bng cch buc mt si dy vo nh ty s, lun si
dy qua s, ko si dy trong khi t s tr li ch c.
9. Du tho ra, qua kim tra t yu cu mi c tra li vo my qua ng du. Cn thm mt lng du mi
( c kim tra) mt lng va sao cho du c vo y ti g ming ca ng du, ng thi x
kh s cao th bng cch ni lng ai c.
10. p nh vo nh ty s (2) cho lng ra, cui cng ko ty s ln. Khe h gia giong v s xut hin cho
khng kh trong s thot ra ngoi v du s iu vo trong s lm cho mc du ng du s tt xung.
tip du vo ng du, mc du trong s s ngang bng vi mc du ng du.

6.1.3 Cch thay th h s

Ch nhng phn pha trn s mi c th thay th m khng phi m v my.
1. Trc ht lm ging nh ni phn thay th s cao th (1) v (2)
2. Tho u ct (6) v ai c (13) hoc vi s 250A v 630A l cc ai c (13)

9
 3. Ko cc phn trn ca s (1)
4. Thay th s (1), giong (7) v (10) hng hoc thiu.
5. Lp li theo th t ngc li
6. Tin hnh lm tip theo ging nh cch thay th s cao th
Ch s dng nhng ph kin do ABB cung cp hoc t cc nh cung cp cho ABB

6.2 Bo dng my bin p kiu kn ngm du c bu du ph

6.2.1 Bo dng nh k:
Vic bo dng nh k c thc hin mt nm mt ln. Vic bo dng ny bt buc phi thc hin khi my
bin p c vn hnh li sau mt thi gian dng hot ng. Cc cng vic bo dng nh k bao gm:
- Lm sch s cch in v cc u ct.
- Kim tra mc du, nu mc du qu thp, kim tra xem c hin tng b r r du hay khng.
- m bo cc thit b bo v gn trn my lm vic tt (ch th mc du, r le hi)
- Kim tra lp sn v my bin p
- i vi iu kin hot ng bnh thng, khng cn thit phi kim tra du.
Tuy nhin, nu c nghi ng hi m thm nhp vo (him khi xy ra) do b st m hoc bt k nguyn nhn khc
th nn kim tra du. Hi m trong du s c pht hin bng cch kim tra Crackle. Cc loi kim tra khc l
khng cn thit.
Cch kim tra hi m Crackle: Ly mt mu du nh vo trong mt ng nghim kh v nung nng t t
bng ngn la cho ti khi du si, khi s c mt ca hi m s gy ra ting n lch tch hon ton r. Mt
phng php khc l khuy u 0,2 lt mu du bng mt thanh kim loi ng knh khong 12mm c
t nng hi . Ting lch tch s cho thy c hi m. Nu mt mu b hng trong ln kim tra u tin th 2
mu tip theo s c kim tra m 2 mu ny qua kim tra Crackle phi t th du mi t yu cu.
Kim tra cch in ca du, kt qu ny khng c nh hn 30kV/2,5mm v thnh phn axit khng thp
hn 0,3mg KOH/g.
Kim tra mu ca ht ht m. Khi ht chng m chuyn sang mu hng, cn phi ti to li kh nng chng m
bng cch sy chng nhit 1000C-2000C cho n khi chng chuyn v mu xanh tr li.
Khng cn s bo dng i vi iu chnh v van gim p

6.2.2 Cch thay th s cao th: (xem bn v s km theo)

S cao th c th tho ra m khng cn phi m my bin p.
Nu do bt k l do g m s b v, nt giong hng hoc thiu th phi thc hin sa cha hoc thay th, nhng
thi gian sa cha khng nn qu 2 gi nhm trnh s xm nhp khng kh vo my do vic tho du gy
nn.

Trnh t thc hin cng vic nh sau:

1. Tho np trn ng in du
2. H thp mc du bng cch m van tho du mc du tt xung ngay di np my, cc cun dy vn
m bo ngp trong du. Cha du vo trong mt thng cha kh, sch. Vic h thp mc du nh trn khng
gy nh hng ti cht lng ca my do my c tra du di iu kin chn khng.
Kim tra hi m nh ni phn trn (Kim tra hi m Crackle). Nu du tt c th s dng li, nu khng
phi lc li du, hoc ghp ni vi ng du v van tho du. Chu trnh lc du s tip tc cho n khi kim

10
 tra hi m t yu cu.
Nu cn phi lc du hoc thay du m khng th tin hnh c ti ch, c th vn chuyn my ti Cng ty
TNHH ABB.
3. Tho cc cu (9)
4. p nh vo nh ty s (2) cho ty s tt xung.
5. Tho cu (12), vng kp (14) v vu kp (15)
6. Nh nhng ko s ra, ng thi p nh ty s (2). Ch cn thn v cn dy dn ty s v cun dy c th b
ko ra.
7. Thay th s hoc giong
8. Lp t theo th t ngc li. Cn thn a ty s qua s bng cch buc mt si dy vo nh ty s, lun si
dy qua s, ko si dy trong khi t s tr li ch c.
9. Du tho ra, qua kim tra t yu cu mi c tra li vo my qua ng du. Cn thm mt lng du mi
( c kim tra) mt lng va sao cho du c vo y ti g ming ca ng du, ng thi x
kh s cao th bng cch ni lng ai c.
10. p nh vo nh ty s (2) cho lng ra, cui cng ko ty s ln. Khe h gia giong v s xut hin cho
khng kh trong s thot ra ngoi v du s iu vo trong s lm cho mc du ng du s tt xung.
tip du vo ng du, mc du trong s s ngang bng vi mc du ng du.

6.2.3 Cch thay th s h th

Ch nhng phn pha trn s mi c th thay th m khng phi m v my.
1. Trc ht lm ging nh ni phn thay th s cao th (1) v (2)
2. Tho u ct (6) v ai c (13) hoc vi s 250A v 630A l cc ai c (13)
3. Ko cc phn trn ca s (1)
4. Thay th s (1), giong (7) v (10) hng hoc thiu.
5. Lp li theo th t ngc li
6. Tin hnh lm tip theo ging nh cch thay th s cao th
Ch s dng nhng ph kin do ABB cung cp hoc t cc nh cung cp cho ABB

6.2.4 Cch ly v kim tra mu du

Chai cha mu du phi c lm bng thy tinh c mu h phch ng thi phi kh ro v sch s, v nn
s dng chai thy tinh hn l vt cha bng kim loi kim tra sch s. Cng c th quan st du bng
mt thng trc khi tin hnh kim tra, c th l kim tra xem du c cha nc hay tp cht khc khng. Tuy
nhin, bt k mu du no cn kim tra v mu sc cng nh cc c tnh ng cn cng phi c gi trong
bng ti bi v nu nh sng chiu vo cc thuc tnh ca du s b thay i.

6.2.5 Cch ly mu du t my bin p.

Khi ly mu du t my bin p hy s dng van tho du. Cn phi ly lng du lm mu. iu quan
trng l cn phi gi mu du trnh khng b nhim cht bn hoc hi m m bo kt qu kim tra mu
du l chnh xc.

6.2.6 nh gi kt qu kim tra.

Da vo kt qu o c nh cch in, nng axit, v ng cn hay s thay i mu sc ca du, c
th nh gi c cht lng ca du ang dng, t a ra cc quyt nh chnh xc.

11
6.2.6.1 cch in
Phi bng hoc ln hn 30kV/2,5mm, nu thp hn du phi c x l li, hoc phi thay th.

6.2.6.2 Nng axit

Kt qu (mg KOH/g) Cch gii quyt
Nh hn 0,3 t cht lng
0,3 - 0,5 Thay th nu iu kin cho php
Ln hn 0,5 Thay th ngay lp tc
Nu du c mu sm hoc c hin tng ng cn th phi thay du ngay.

6.2.6.3 Mt s thng s tham kho ca du:

c tnh Du khong Du Silicone

nht 250C, cS 16 50
Trng lng ring 0,88 0,96
Th tch n khi t0 tng 10C 0,0007 0,00096
im rt (0C) -45 -55
dn nhit (Cal/gram sec0C) 0,00032 0,00036
Kh nng hp th khng kh 250C 9 16,5
im bt chy 0C 150 300
im bc chy 0C 165 360
im tr xut Ohm, cm 250C 1 x1014 1x1015
ht tip tuyn 250C - 50Hz 0,0005 0,0002
Hng s in mi 250C - 50 Hz 2,2 2,7

12
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF
CONSERVATOR TYPE AND HERMETICALLY SEALED
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

1. Construction

1.1 ABB type of hermetically sealed transformer is completely filled with oil. No gas cushions exist inside
the tank.
The tank has corrugated walls, so that the expansion and contraction caused by the changes in the
oil volume due to loading and ambient temperatures can easily managed. No air moisture can pen-
etrate into the tank, therefor a slow aging of oil and insulation material are ensured.
Consequently it is not necessary to take any oil sample of the transformer during its lifetime(20-30
years)
Hermetically sealed transformers are suitable for high humidity environment.
Some ageing still exist, supported by residual moisture and oxygen left in the transformer insulation
(oil, paper and pressboard). Through carefully treatment these residual quantities are kept to a mini-
mum.

1.2. Type with conservator

The transformer above 2500kVA have been equipped an conservator. A conservator will take the oil
expansion from the main tank and limit the amount of oil in contact with air. It is generally supplied
with pipe connection for breather and draining facilities for the sump to enable any contaminated oil
to be drawn off.
Provision can be made to fit a buchholz relay on requirement.

1.3 Beside the oil transformers mentioned above, we can also manufactured transformers on especial
request like, silicone liquid Transformers, dry type transformers, gas filled transformers, etc.

2. Transportation and Storage

2.1 Dispatch
All ABB Transformers are thoroughly tested and inspected before leaving the Company Works.
The transformers are oil filled and including all the necessary accessories before dispatch.
2.1.1 Handling
A proper handling for the on loading and off loading of transformers are essential in order to avoid
any damage to the transformer. All the provided lifting eyes or hooks must be used during thel lifting
of the transformer. The use jack is only permitted when jacking pads are available Shifting, movement
and vibration during transportation shall be avoided.

13
 Especial care shall be given to fins wall and bushings.

2.1.2 Examination upon arrival

Upon arrival of the transformer, the following items shall be acted:
- Scope of delivery shall be checked with the packing list.
- Careful examination external damage and oil leakage, whether the oil level is correct and all ac-
cessories received
- Missing parts
- After careful examination and acceptance, the bill of delivery shall be signed by authorized person
- If any defects is founded during examination, a written claim shall be submitted to the forwarded
and ABB Ltd. within 3 working days.

2.2 Storage
It is recommend that the transformer shall be installed and energized after delivered to the site with a
minimum delay. However if the transformer can not be installed immediately, a dry place and protect-
ed from any weather conditions, preferably indoor if available, shall be used.
If more than one transformer shall be stored, a minimum distance between the transformers shall be
acted, in order to avoid collision and routine in section if needed.
Transformers with a storage longer than twelve months shall be checked before installation. The oil
level shall be checked. The manual tap changer shall be switched into every position for at least fix
a times. Since the transformer is hermetically sealed no dielectric strength test is needed. Oil sample
shall not be taken at any time.

3. Installation
Transformers can be installed outdoor or indoor.

3.1 Indoor Installation

Transformers can be moved to the final installation position by using wheels, roller, crowbar or pulley.
The transformer is normally naturally cooled by surrounding air, therefore a good ventilation shall be
ensured. An exchange of air in the room shall be given, so that the heat produce by the transformer
can discipate easily.
A good ventilation is ensured if the cool air can be located at the lowest possible part of the trans-
former and an opening for evacuation of the warm air at the top of the transformer room. The intake
and outlet opening should be located diagonally across the room.
As a guide, losses of 1 kW require a cool air intake of 3m /min at 20C. For a difference of 3m in level
between air intake and outlet, the outlet opening must have a cross sectional area of about 0.4m for
losses of 5kW, or 0.2m for 2.5kW.

14
 Note that the are of the cooling air intake may be less than of the warm air outlet by about 10%.
Never the less, the openings are to be made as wide as possible. The transformer shall be positioned
at least 50cm from the next partition or wall, or even to the next transformer, if there is any.
The transformer shall be located, that an easy access is ensured for any maintenance works. The
filling and draining plugs as well the couplings shall be free to access at anytime. Gauges, Buchholz
relays and pressure controllers shall be visible.

3.2 Outdoor installation

The transformers can be used for pole mounted or pads mounted stations. The mounting base shall
strong enough to support the transformers. Especial care shall be taken between the safety distanc-
es of the life parts, especially the arcing horn. The setting of the arcing horn shall be according to the
parameters attached to this manual.

4 Commissioning

4.1 Checks before energizing

- A thorough check on the entire transformer any sign of abnormally or damage.

- Check oil level

Check the oil level by reading the oil indicator.

If the oil level is low, so contact ABB Transformer for refilling. Please do not refill without contacting
ABB Transformers.

- Check the insulation:

The insulation resistance of the winding measured with a 1000V mega ohm meter shall be at least:
- 100 M between low voltage winding and earth
- 250 M between high voltage winding and earth
- 250 M between low voltage winding and high voltage winding

Make sure that bushings are clean and dry before processing the measurements. If the readings are
lower than the values above, then thorough clean the LV and HV bushings and repeat the insulation
resistance measurement.

- Ratio test

Measure the turn integrity of the winding

- Tapchanger setting:
The tapchanger shall be set to the desired position.
Caution Tapchanger must only be operated when the transformer is de-energised.

4.2 Checks after energizing

Following checks shall be performed after energizing but before loading the transformer:

15
 - Check voltage at LV side, if the voltage is not in the desire value, then de energize the transformer
and select the right tap for the correct level.

- Check the phase sequence, if the phase sequence is not correct, then de energize the transform-
er and re arrange the cable connections.

- Check the transformer noise, if after energizing massive noise or abnormal sound is registered,
then de energize the transformer and notify ABB Ltd. immediately.

5. Operation
The following checks shall be done according to a schedule control and maintenance plan during the
operation of the transformer.

5.1 Oil level check

Check the oil level by reading the oil indicator; if the indicator is signaling white, then the transformer,
oil level is correct. If the indicator is signaling red oil level is low, then contact ABB Ltd.
5,2 Tap changer
Tap changing is carried out only in off load operation
All taps changing operation must be done only when the transformer has been de energized and
isolated from both bushing side (HV and LV side).
To operate the tap changer, the locking head must be loose by unscrewing it and releasing the notch
by applying an axial pull on the control knob. Then turn the control knob to the selected position,
engage the notch and secure it by tighten up the screw at the locking head.

5.3 Pressure relief device

The device is designed to ignite a rapid release of pressure from the transformer tank due to serious
internal failure, i.e., earth fault, winding short circuit, short circuit between phases, etc.
The valve is calibrated to operate at 0.35 bar. As soon as the relief pressure is reached, the valve cap
will be lifted off and the excessive pressure is released. After the over pressure is release the valve will
close automatically.

5.4 Buchholz relay.

The Buchholz relay must be connected to the switchgear of the installation.
The Buchholz relay protects the transformer against internal fault by detecting formation of gas inside
the transformer tank. The Buchholz relay will signal oil leakage from the transformer tank if no further
alarm system is installed.
Pressing the push button and pumping air inside the relay through the valve in order to check the
corresponding alarm and trip positions can carry out testing of Buchholz relay.

5.5 Thermometer Top oil thermometer

5.5.1 Thermometer without contact

With a pointer indicating present temperature and another pointer indicating maximum temperature

16
 ( which can be reset )
No micro - switches
- If the maximum pointer is still indicating 100C and above, the transformer is overloaded or is not
sufficiently ventilated. The transformer can be returned to operation once the above has been cor-
rected.

5.5.2 Thermometer with two contacts.

The signal contacts are for alarm and tripping. Therefore the connection to the switchgear or the cor-
responding installation is absolute necessary and mandatory.
In normal case the thermometer is settled 90C for alarm signal and 100C for tripping signal

5.6 Loading operation

Under normal service condition, load capacity of an oil immersed, air cooled transformer according to
IEC60354 standards can be obtained from the table below.
The table is based on following pre conditions:
For installation at sea level and lower than 1000m.
Normal ambient temperature limits (-25C and +40C) for power transformers in 2.1 of IEC 60076-1.
With regard to cooling of air-cooled transformers the temperature conditions at the intended installa-
tion site should neither exceed:
+ 30C monthly average, of the hottest month; nor
- + 20C yearly average
The temperature rise limits for transformers with temperature class of insulation A is then:
- Maximum winding temperature rise of 65C
- Maximum top oil temperature rise of 60C
If the transformer is designed for service, where the temperature of cooling air exceeds one of the
maximum values, the allowable temperature rise for the winding, core and oil shall be reduced ac-
cording to

Table 1: load increase from initial load factor K1 to load factor K2 for a period of time T (hours)

(The ambient temperature) during the load increase) is 20C

K1 - initial Load factor K2 = Load factor of rated power for a period of time (t)

At K1= 0.25 At K1= 0.5 At K1= 0.7 At K1= 0.8 At K1= 0.9 At K1= 1.0
t = 0,5 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,00
t=1 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,00
t=2 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,46 K2= 1,41 K2= 1,32 K2= 1,00
t=4 K2= 1,34 K2= 1,31 K2= 1,27 K2= 1,24 K2= 1,18 K2= 1,00
t=8 K2= 1,16 K2= 1,15 K2= 1,13 K2= 1,12 K2= 1,09 K2= 1,00
t= 24 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00 K2= 1,00

After the transformer has been loaded with K2 for the period of time T (hours), then the transformer must be
brought back to the initial load factor K1 for at least 8 hours.

17
Table 2: Load increase from initial load factor K1 to load factor K2 for a period of time T (Hours) (The ambi-
ent temperature (during the load increase) is 30C.
K1 - initial Load factor K2= Load factor of rated power for a period of time (t)

At K1= 0.25 At K1= 0.5 At K1= 0.7 At K1= 0.8 At K1= 0.9 At K1= 1.0
t = 0,5 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t=1 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,45 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t=2 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,45 K2= 1,35 K2= 1,26 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t=4 K2= 1,27 K2= 1,23 K2= 1,17 K2= 1,11 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t=8 K2= 1,09 K2= 1,07 K2= 1,04 K2= 1,01 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90
t = 24 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90 K2= 0,90

After the transformer has been loaded with K2 for the period of time T (hours), then the transformer must be
brought back to the initial load factor K1 for at least 8 hours.

Table 3: Load increase from initial load factor K1 to load factor K2 for a period of time T (Hours)
(The ambient temperature (during the load increase) is 40C.
K1 initial Load factor K2 = Load factor of rated power for a period of time (t)

At K1= 0.25 At K1= 0.5 At K1= 0.7 At K1= 0.8 At K1= 0.9 At K1= 1.0
t = 0,5 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t=1 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,50 K2= 1,35 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t=2 K2= 1,39 K2= 1,31 K2= 1,16 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t=4 K2= 1,15 K2= 1,11 K2= 1,01 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t=8 K2= 0,98 K2= 0,96 K2= 0,91 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80
t = 24 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80 K2= 0,80

After the transformer has been loaded with K2 for the period of time t (hours), then the transformer must be
brought back to the initial load factor K1 for at least 8 hours.

Example No. 1:
A 500 kVA oil immersed, air cooled distribution transformer operates at a load of 250kVA, i. e. 50%
load.
It needs to be overloaded to a load of 650kVA. How long can the transformer be overloaded, without
increasing the reduction of its lifetime?
The ambient temperature during the overload is 20C.

Assuming that the voltage is constant, then:

650
650 K1 = 50 ; K2 = = 1.3
600
According to the table 1 the transformer can be overloaded for a maximum of hours.

18
Example No. 2:
A250kVA oil immersed, air cooled distribution transformer needs to be loaded with a capacity of 300
kVA for a period of 2 hour continuously. The ambient temperature during these 2 hours is 30C.
What can the maximum initial load be before the overload takes place?

Assuming that the voltage is constant, then:

300
K2 = = 1.2 ; t=2 hours
250
According to the Table 1 , the initial load factor, K1 = 0.8, i.e. 80% of nominal load

Example No. 3
A 100kVA oil immersed, air cooled distribution transformer operates at 80kVA (80% nominal load),
during the day. It needs to be full loaded during the after noon for a period of 4 hours. The ambient
temperature at the afternoon is 40C can this full load be reached, without reducing the normal life-
time?

Assuming that the voltage is constant, then:

According to Table 3 the transformer can not be overloaded at all. Even the nominal load under this
condition will be reduced by 20%. The maximum load permissible under this ambient temperature is
only 80 kVA.

6. Maintenance

6.1- Maintenance of Hermetically sealed type transformer

6.1.1 Routine maintenance

It is recommended to have an annual routine inspection & maintenance on transformer. Routine main-
tenance must be done by trained personnel and always in de energized and insulated condition. The
maintenance works shall include at least.
- Cleaning of bushing and bushing terminals
- Checking of oil level, if the oil level is too low, than check also for possible leakage.
- Testing the functionality of the protection devices
- Check in the paint works and surfaces
- It is not necessary to test the oil, and it shall not taken any sample
No maintenance is required for the tap changer and the pressure relief device.

6.1.2 High Voltage bushing replacement

The high voltage bushing can be replaced without opening. The transformer. However the replace-
ment shall be done within 2 hours. Otherwise danger of moisture penetration is present.
The procedures to replace the HV bushing are:

19
 - Remove the oil indicator at the top of the filling pipe.
- Lower the oil level by opening the draining valve to a level just above the transformer cover. The oil
shall pours into a dry and clean container.
- Further remove the nuts(9)
- Tap at the top of the connecting bolt (2) until the bolt is loosen
- Remove the nuts (12), clamp supporting (14) and clamps (15)
- Softly pulls off the insulator, at the same time tap lightly the connecting bolt (2), Caution is essen-
tial, and otherwise the connecting lead and the winding might be pulled out.
- Replace the defective insulator of gaskets. Use spare parts delivered by ABB Transformer or origi-
nal parts from ABB suppliers.
- Reassemble the insulator. Guide the connecting bolt (2) through the insulator by attaching a string
at the top of the connecting bolt. Insert the string through the insulator; pull the string during the posi-
tioning of the insulator.
- Fill the oil back to the transformer through the filling pipe. If new oil is needed, then test the oil
before filling it in to the transformer.
- Fill the oil up to the rim of the filling pipe and at the same time bleed the high voltage bushing by
looking the nut (9). Tap the top of the connecting bolt (2), loose it and pull the connecting bolt up-
wards,
Insulators will be lightly loose, so that the trapped air can be drained out, and the oil can fill into the
bushing. The oil level at the filling pipe will reduce, this happens, because the oil is drained into the
bushing. Fill up till the rim again. Provide some lactate on the head of the oil level indicator. Fasten the
oil level indicator well.

6.1.3 Low voltage bushing replacement

Only the upper part of the LV bushing can be replaced without opening up the transformer.
- Follow the first 2 steps as in HV bushing replacement.
- Remove the connecting flange (6) and nut (13) or for 250A& 630A bushings the nuts (13)
- Pull up the porcelain (1)
- Replace the defective porcelain or gasket (7)&(10)
- Reassemble the bushing and follow the procedures described by the HV bushing replacement.
- Use spare parts delivered by ABB Transformer or original parts from ABB suppliers;

6.2. Maintenance of transformer with conservator

6.2.1 Routine maintenance

It is recommended to have an annual routine inspection & maintenance on transformer. Routine main-
tenance must be done by trained personnel and always in de energized and insulated. The mainte-
nance works shall include at least.
- Cleaning of bushing and bushing terminals
- Checking of oil level, if the oil level is too low, than check also for possible leakage.
- Testing the functionality of the protection devices

20
 - Checking the paint works and surfaces
- Under normal operation, conditions it is not necessary to test oil
However, if there is any reason to believe that moisture filtration has occurred, i.e. cracked bushings,
then the oil shall be checked. The Crackle Test can detect the presence of moisture.

Crackle test:
Small oil samples are put into a well dry test tube and gently heated over a flame until oil boils (120
130C), when moisture is present, an audible cracking can be noticed. Another method is to stir a
0.2 liter of sample with a metal road of about 12, which has been heated to a dull red heat. Again,
audible crackling will indicate the presence of moisture. If oil fails to pass the first test, two additional
samples should be tested, both of which must pass the crackle test in order to be considered as
satisfactory. Oil, that does not pass the test, should be treated.
The dielectric strength shall be checked. The results shall be at least 30 kV/2.5 mm and the acid con-
tent should be less than 0.3 mg KOH/g.
Dehydrating breather shall be inspected periodically. The color of the drying agent, silica get, is nor-
mally blue. When it turns to blown or pink, it shows that moisture has been absorb. The replacement
or dying of the silica gel is necessary.
No maintenance is required for the tap changer and the pressure relief device.

6.2.2 High Voltage bushing replacement

The high voltage bushing can be replaced without opening the transformer.
However the replacement shall be done within 2 hours. Otherwise danger of moisture penetration is
present. The procedures to replace the HV bushing are;
- Remove the oil tilling plug on the top of the conservator.
- Lower the oil level by opening the draining valve to a level just above the transformer cover. The oil
shall pours into a dry and clean container.
- Perform a Crackle test. If the oil passes the test, it can be re used again. Otherwise a treatment
or even a replacement is absolutely necessary.
- Further remove the nuts (9)
- Tap at the top of the connecting bolt (2) until the bolt is loosen remove the nuts (12), clamp sup-
port ring (14) and clamps (1 5)
- Softly a pull off the insulator, at the same time taps lightly the connecting bolt (2). Caution is essen-
tial; otherwise the connecting lead and the winding might be pulled out.
- Replace the defective insulator or gaskets. Use spare parts delivered by ABB Transformer or origi-
nal parts from ABB suppliers
- Reassemble the insulator. Guide the connecting bolt (2) through the insulator by attaching a string
at the top of the connecting bolt. Insert the string through the insulator, pull the string during the posi-
tioning of the insulator.
- Fill the oil back to the transformer through the filling pipe. It new oil is needed, then test the oil
before filling it in to the transformer.

21
 - Fill the oil until the level indicator shows 20and at the same time bleed the high voltage bush-
ing by looking the nut(9). Tap the top of the connecting bolt(2), loose it and pull the connection bolt
upwards. Insulator shall be lightly loose, so that the trapped air can be drained out and the oil can fill
into the bushing. The oil level may reduce. Fill again till the level indicator shows 20C.

6.2.3 Low voltage bushing replacement

Only the upper part of the LV bushing can be replaced without drain the transformer.
- Follow the first 2 steps as in HV bushing replacement.
- Remove the connecting flange (6) and nut (13) or for 250A & 630A bushings the nuts (13)
- Pull up the porcelain (1)
- Replace the defective porcelain or gasket (7) & (10)
- Reassemble the bushing and follow the procedures described by the HV bushing replacement.
- Use spare parts delivered by ABB Transformer or original parts from ABB suppliers.

6.2.4. Oil sampling

The sampling container of a bootie will be made of amber glass and will be cleaned and dried. A
glass bottle is preferable than a metal container. It allows easy visual examination before go through
the analysis. Please note that light might influence the analysis results.

6.2.5 Sampling liquid from the transformer

The drain valve shall be used for taking oil sample from the transformer. Take only the necessary
amount of oil. It is very important to have a clean container and avoid any contact of external impuri-
ties or moisture with the oil sample.
The sampling container must be sealed.
If the transformer is installed out door, especial care shall be taken in order to avoid external contami-
nation with the sample.

6.2.6 Assessment of insulating liquid

Measurement of the dielectric strength, acid value and the presence of sludge or changes in color,
are preventive methods to maintain the life time of the transformer and to access the present condi-
tion of the insulating liquid.

6.2.6.1 Dielectric strength

The dielectric strength must be equal or greater than 30 KW2.Smm, otherwise the insulating liquid
has to be treated or even replaced.

6.2.6.2 Acid value

Acid Value (mg KOHlg) Remedial action

Less than 0. 3 No action required
Between 0.3 - 0.5 Regeneration or replacement if the circumstances allow
0.5 or more Regeneration or replacement immediately

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Replacement pf the liquid is necessary, if the color of the liquid is dark or sliding is observed.

6.2.6.3 Typical characteristic

Characteristic Mineral oil Silicon oil

Viscosity, 250C, cS 16 50
Specific gravity 0.88 0.96
Coefficient of thermal expansion, per0C 0.0007 0.00096
Pour point, 0C -45 -55
Thermal conductivity, Cal/mg sec0C 0.00032 0.00036
Volume absorption of air at 250C 9 16.5
Flash point, 0C open cup 150 300
Fire point, 0C open cup 165 360
Volume receptivity, ohm, cm 250C 1 x1014 1x1015
Loss tangent, 250C-5OHz 0.0005 0.0002
Permiffivity, 250C - 50 Hz 2.2 2.7

23
 BN V S CAO TH
HIGH VOLTAGE BUSHING

BN V S H TH
LOW VOLTAGE BUSHING

24
 MY BIN TH KIU KN
TRANSFORMER TYPE: OIL-IMMERSED, HERMETICALLY SEALED

MY KHNG BU DU PH V C HP BO V
TRANSFORMER TYPE: OIL-IMMERSED, HERMETICALLY SEALED WITH CABLE BOXES

25
 MY BIN TH C BNH DU PH
TRANSFORMER TYPE: OIL-IMMERSED WITH CONSERVATOR

26
 PH KIN

Tiu chun Loi my bin th Ph kin c bit Loi my bin th

S ..
Kn H
.. Nhit k c tip im ..
Kn
..
H

iu chnh
ng nhit k .. .. Nhit k khng tip im
Nhn du c tip im
.. ..
Van tho du
Cc ni t . .. Van gim p c tip im
Bnh xe
.. ..
Bnh du ph
Van gim p . .. Hp u dy
R le hi
.. ..
Bnh ht m
Mc cu my .. .. Hp cp cao th
Hp cp h th .
Chng st s cao th
Bin my
Nhn du khng tip im
.. ..
ACCESSORIES

Standard Transformer type Optional accessories Transformer type

. . . .
Sealed Open Sealed Open

. . . .
Bushings Thermometer with contacts

. . .
Tap changer Thermometer w/o contact

. . . .
Thermometer pocket Oil level gauge with contacts

. . . .
Oil drain valve Pressure relief device with contact

. . .
Earthing terminal Wheels

. . . .
Oil conservator Marshaling box

. . .
Pressure relief valve Buchholz relay

. . . .
Dehydrating breather HV cable box

. .
Lifting lug on cover LV cable box

. .
Arcing horn on HV bushing

. .
Name plate
Oil level gauge w/o contact

27
ABB in Vietnam

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