DETYRA Nr.

1 CIKLI I GAZIT

Cikli i dhene I referohet 10kg ajer me perberie ne vellim 79% azot dhe 21% oksigjen.Te dhenat
jepen ne tabelen e meposhtme.Per kete cikel kerkohet:

1-Te percaktohen parametrat p,v,t,u,h,s per pikat kryesore te ciklit

2-Per cdo proces te percakthen ∆u, ∆h, ∆s,Q,L.

3-Te gjendet puna qe prodhoohet,rendimenti termok i ciklit.

4-Te percaktohen temperaturat e barazvlefshme per seicilin proces.

5-Te ndertohet cikli ne diagramen p-v dhe T-s.

ZGJIDHJE

I-Te percaktohen parametrat p,v,t,u,h,s per pikat kryesore te ciklit

a) Perpara se te percaktojme treguesit energjitik, percaktojme nxehtesin specifike

masore me vellimdhe presion konstant.

Nxehtesia specifike masore tregon sasine e energjise (nxehtesis) qe i duhet komunikuar nje
kilogrami trup pune per ti rritur (ose ulur) temperaturen me nje grad
. Nxehtesia specifike masore jepet sipas rastit te kryerjes se procesit, i cili eshte me presion
konstant dhe me vellim konstant:

Nga tabelat marrim:

µCpmO2=29.208+0.0040717T

µCpmN2=28.734+0.0023488T

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -1-

 µCpm=∑µCpmi*ri µCpm= µCpmO2 * rO2 + µCvmN2*rN2

µCvm =(29.208+0.0040717t)0.21+(28.734+0.0023488t)0.7

µCpm =26.2475+0.0002499217T [J/Kmol*K]

ξO2+ξN2=1

(µO2/ µP)rO2+( µN2/ µP)rN2=1

µO2* rO2/ µP + µN2* rN2/µP=1

µO2* rO2+ µN2* rN2= µP

µP=(2*16.0)*0.21+(2*14.0)*0.79

µP=28.84

R=RO/ µP

R=8.314/28.84

R=0.288 [J/Kmol*K]

µCpm- µCvm=R

µCvm=(26.2475+0.0002499217T)- 0.288

µCvm=25.9595+0.0002499217T [J/Kmol*K]

Cpm= µCpm/ µ

Cpm=(26.2475+0.0002499217t)/ 28.84

Cpm=0.9101+0.000008665T [J/Kg*K]

Cvm= µCvm/ µ

Cvm=(25.9595+0.0002499217t)/ 28.84

Cvm=0.9001+0.000008665T [J/Kg*K]

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -2-

 ➢ PIKA 1
Temperatura
t1=60°C
T1=273.15+ t1
T1= 333.15K

Presioni

P1=1.2bar

P1=1.2*105pa

Vellimi

p 1v1/T1=R

V1=RT1/p1

v1=0.288*333.15/1.2*105

v1= 7.9956*10-4

Energjia e brendeshme

u1=Cvm*T1

u1=(0.9001+0.00000866T1) T1

u1=(0.9001+0.00000866*333.15) 333.15

u1=300.8295 [KJ/Kg]

U1=m*h1

U1=10*300.8295

U1= 3008.295 [KJ]

Entalpia

h1=Cpm*T1

h1=(0.9101+0.000008665T1)T1

h1=(0.9101+0.000008665*333.15) 333.15

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -3-

h=304.1615 [KJ/Kg]

H1=m*u1

H1=10*304.1615

H1=3041.615 [KJ]

Entropia

s1=Cpm*ln(T1/273.15)

s1=(0.9101+0.000008665T1)ln(T1/273.15)

s1=(0.9101+0.000008665* 333.15)ln(333.15/273.15)

s1=0.1812 [KJ/Kg*K]

S=m*s

S=10*0.1812

S=1.812 [KJ/K]

➢ PIKA 2

Vellimi

Procesi 1-2 eshte proces politropik me tregues te politropes n=1.32

Jepet: ε=v1/v2=12
v2= v1/12
v2=7.9956*10-4/12
v2=0.6663*10-4

Presioni

P1V1n= P2V2n

P2= P1 (V1./ V2)n

P2=1.2*105 (12)1.25

P2= 2.8141*106pa

Temperatura

P2 v2/T2=R

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -4-

 T2= P2 v2/R

T2=2.8141*106*0.6663*10-4/0.288

T2=651.0538K

Energjia e brendeshme

u2=Cvm*T2

u2=(0.9001+0.00000866T2) T2

u2=(0.9001+0.00000866*651.0538) 651.0538

u2= 589.6842 [KJ/Kg]

U2=m*u1

U2=10* 589.6842

U2= 5896.842 [KJ]

Entalpia

h2=Cpm*T2

h2=(0.9101+0.000008665T2)T2

h2=(0.9101+0.000008665*651.0538) 651.0538

h2=596.1969 [KJ/Kg]

H2=m*h2

H2=10*596.1969

H2=5961.969 [KJ]

Entropia

S2=Cvm*(n-k/n-1)*ln(T2/273.15)

s2=(0.9001+0.000008665*651.0538) *(1.32-1.4/1.32-1)*ln(651.0538/273.15)

s2=-0.51649 [KJ/Kg*K]

S=m*s

S=10*(-0.58263)
Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -5-
S=-5.8263 [KJ/K]

➢ PIKA 3

Presioni

Procesi 2-3 eshte proces me presion konstant

P2= P3= 2.8141*106pa

Vellimi

Jepet ρ=(v3/v2)=1.8
v3= v2*1.8
v3=0.6663*10-4*1.8
v3=1.1993*10-4
Temperatura

V2/T2= V3/T3

T3= T2( V3/ V2)

T3=651.0538*1.8

T3=1171.9K

Energjia e brendeshme

u3=Cvm*T2

u3=(0.9001+0.00000866T3) T3

u3=(0.9001+0.00000866*1171.9) 1171.9

u3= 1066.7 [KJ/Kg]

U3=m*u1

U3=10*1066.7

U3= 10667 [KJ]

Entalpia

h3=Cpm*T3

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -6-

h3=(0.9101+0.000008665T3)T3

h3=(0.9101+0.000008665*1171.9) 1171.9

h3=1078.4 [KJ/Kg]

H3=m*h3

H3=10*1078.4

H3=10784 [KJ]

Entropia

s3=Cpm*ln(T3/273.15)

s3=(0.9101+0.000008665T3) ln(T3/273.15)

s3=(0.9101+0.000008665*1171.9) ln(1171.9/273.15)

s3=1.3402 [KJ/Kg*K]

S3=m*s3

S3=10*1.3402

S3=13.402 [KJ/K]

➢ PIKA 4

Procesi 3-4 eshte proces politropik me tregues te politropes n=1.25

Vellimi

v1= v4=7.9956*10-4

Presioni

P3V3n= P4V4n

P4= P3V3n/ V4n

P4= 2.8141*106*(1.1993*10-4/7.9956*10-4)1.25

P4= 2.6269*105pa

Temperatura

P4 v4/T4=R

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -7-

 T4= P4 v4/R

T4=2.6269*105*7.9956*10-4/0.288

T4=729.2931K

Energjia e brendeshme

u4=Cvm*T4

u4=(0.9001+0.00000866T4) T4

u4=(0.9001+0.00000866*729.2931) 729.2931

u4=661.0427 [KJ/Kg]

U4=m*u4

U4=10*661.0427

U4= 6610.427 [KJ]

Entalpia

h4=Cpm*T4

h4=(0.9101+0.000008665T4)T4

h4=(0.9101+0.000008665*729.2931) 729.2931

h4= 668.3383 [KJ/Kg]

H4=m*h4

H4=10* 668.3383

H4= 6683.383 [KJ]

Entropia

s4=Cvm*(n-k/n-1)*ln(T4/273.15)

s4=(0.9001+0.000008665*729.2931) *(1.25-1.4/1.25-1)*ln(729.2931/273.15)

s4=-0.7744[KJ/Kg*K]

S4=m*s4

S4=10*(-0.7744)
Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -8-
 S4=-7.744 [KJ/K]

PIKA Presioni Vellimi Temperatura Energjia e brendeshme Entalpia Entropia

1 1.2*105pa 7.9956*10- 333.15K 3008.295 [KJ] 3041.615 1.812

4 [KJ] [KJ/K]
2 2.8141*106pa 0.6663*10- 651.0538K 5896.842 [KJ] 5961.969 -5.8263
4 [KJ] [KJ/K]
3 2.8141*106pa 13.167*10- 1171.9K 10667 [KJ] 10784 [KJ] 13.402
5 [KJ/K]
4 2.6269*105pa 7.9956*10- 729.2931K 6610.427 [KJ] 6683.383 -7.744
4 [KJ] [KJ/K]

➢ Procesi 1-2 politropik n=1.32

Llogaritja e Cn

Cpm=(CpT1+ CpT2)/2

Cpm=(0.9101+0.000008665*333.15+0.9101+0.000008665*651.0538)/2

Cpm=0.9144 [J/Kg*K]

Cvm=(CvT1+ CvT2)/2

Cvm=(0.9001+0.000008665*333.15+0.9001+0.000008665*651.0538)/2

Cvm= 0.9044 [J/Kg*K]

Cn= Cvm(n-k/n-1)
Cn=0.9044*(1.32-1.4/1.32-1)
Cn=-0.6698 [J/Kg*K]

Llogaritja e punes se procesit

l=(R/(n-1))(T1-T2)
l=(0.288 /(1.32-1))( 333.15-651.0538)
l= -286.1134
L=m*l
L= -2861.134 [KJ]

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika -9-

 Ndryshimi i enalpise
H2-H1=5961.969 -3041.615
H2-H1= 2920.4 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i energjise se brendeshme

U2-U1=5896.842 -3008.295
U2-U1=2888.5 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i entropise

S2-S1=-5.8263 -1.812
S2-S1= -7.6383 [KJ/K]

Nxehtesia e komunikuar
Q=mCn(T2-T1)
Q=10*-0.6698 (651.0538-333.15)
Q=-2129.3 [KJ]

➢ Procesi 2-3 izobarik n=0

Llogaritja e Cn

Cpm=(CpT2+ CpT3)/2

Cpm=(0.9101+0.000008665*651.0538+0.9101+0.000008665*1171.9)/2

Cpm=0.9180 [J/Kg*K]

Cvm=(CvT2+ CvT3)/2

Cvm=(0.9001+0.000008665*651.0538+0.9001+0.000008665*1171.9)/2

Cvm= 0.9080 [J/Kg*K]

Cn= Cvm(0-k/0-1)
Cn=Cp=0.9180 [J/Kg*K]

Llogaritja e punes se procesit

l=(R/(n-1))(T2-T3)
l=(0.288 /(0-1))( 651.0538-1171.9)
l= 150.0037
L=m*l
L= 1500.037 [KJ]
Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika - 10 -
 Ndryshimi i enalpise
H3-H2=10784-5961.969
H3-H2=4822 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i energjise se brendeshme

U3-U2=10667-5896.842
U3-U2=4770.2 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i entropise

S3-S2=13.402 +5.8263
S3-S2= 19.2283 [KJ/K]

Nxehtesia e komunikuar
Q=mCn(T3-T2)
Q=10*0.9167 (1171.9-651.0538)
Q=4774.6 [KJ]

➢ Procesi 3-4 politropik n=1.25

Llogaritja e Cn

Cpm=(CpT3+ CpT4)/2

Cpm=(0.9101+0.000008665*1171.9+0.9101+0.000008665*729.2931)/2

Cpm=0.9183 [J/Kg*K]

Cvm=(CvT3+ CvT4)/2

Cvm=(0.9001+0.000008665*1171.9+0.9001+0.000008665*729.2931)/2

Cvm= 0.9083 [J/Kg*K]

Cn= Cvm(n-k/n-1)
Cn=0.9083*(1.25-1.4/1.25-1)
Cn=-0.7902 [J/Kg*K]

Llogaritja e punes se procesit

l=(R/(n-1))(T3-T4)
l=(0.288 /(1.25-1))( 1171.9-729.2931)
l= 509.8831
Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika - 11 -
 L=m*l
L= 5098.831 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i enalpise
H4-H3=6683.383 -10784
H4-H3=-4100.6 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i energjise se brendeshme

U4-U3=6610.427 -10667
U4-U3=-4056.6 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i entropise

S4-S3=-7.744 -13.402
S4-S3= -21.1460 [KJ/K]

Nxehtesia e komunikuar
Q=mCn(T4-T3)
Q=10*-0.7902 (729.2931-1171.9)
Q= 3497.5 [KJ]

➢ Procesi 4-1 izobarik n=0

Llogaritja e Cn

Cpm=(CpT4+ CpT1)/2

Cpm=(0.9101+0.000008665*729.2931+0.9101+0.000008665*333.15)/2

Cpm=0.9147 [J/Kg*K]

Cvm=(CvT4+ CvT1)/2

Cvm=(0.9001+0.000008665*729.2931+0.9001+0.000008665*333.15)/2

Cvm= 0.9047 [J/Kg*K]

Cn= Cvm(0-k/0-1)
Cn=Cp= 0.9147 [J/Kg*K]

Llogaritja e punes se procesit

l=(R/(n-1))(T4-T1)
l=(0.288 /(0-1))( 729.2931-333.15)
Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika - 12 -
 l= -114.0892
L=m*l
L= -1140.892 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i enalpise
H1-H4=3041.615 -6683.383
H1-H4= -3641.8 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i energjise se brendeshme

U1-U4=3008.295 -6610.427
U1-U4=-3602.1 [KJ]

Ndryshimi i entropise

S1-S4=1.812 +7.744
S1-S4= 9.5560 [KJ/K]

Nxehtesia e komunikuar
Q=mCn(T1-T4)
Q=10*0.9147 (333.15-729.2931)
Q=-3623.5 [KJ]

Procesi ∆U ∆H ∆S Q L

1-2 2888.5 [KJ] 2920.4 [KJ] -7.6383 [KJ/K] -2129.3 [KJ] -2861.134 [KJ]
2-3 4770.2 [KJ] 4822 [KJ] 19.2283 [KJ/K] 4774.6 [KJ] 1500.037 [KJ]
3-4 -4056.6 [KJ] -4100.6 [KJ] -21.1460 [KJ/K] 3497.5 [KJ] 5098.831 [KJ]
4-1 -3602.1 [KJ] -3641.8 [KJ] 9.5560 [KJ/K] -3623.5 [KJ] -1140.892 [KJ]

Totali 0 0 0 2519.3 [KJ] 2519.3 [KJ]

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika - 13 -
 Llogaritia e rendimentit termik te ciklit

ɳ=LCIKLIT/QNG
ɳ=2519.3 / 8272.1
ɳ=0.3046
ɳ=30.46%

Llogaritia e temperaturave te brazvlefshme

TBV-NG=∑(Qi>0)/(Si>0)
TBV-NG=(4774.6 +3497.5)/( 19.2283+9.5560)
TBV-NG=287.3824K

TBV-F=∑(Qi<0)/(Si<0)
TBV-F=(-2129.3-3623.5)/( -21.1460-7.6383)
TBV-F= 199.8590K

Arben Kulloraj-Termoteknika - 14 -