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(LB-212)
Assignment 6
Textbook (Giancoli, 6th edition), Chapter 6:
Work-energy principle:
“ The net work done on a object is equal to the change in the object’s kinetic
energy ”
1) If Wnet > 0, then ∆KE > 0 implying that there was an increase in the object’s
velocity ( v2 > v1 ).
2) If Wnet < 0, then ∆KE < 0 implying that there was an decrease in the object’s
velocity ( v2 < v1 ).
Kinetic Energy, and the Work Energy Principle
(e) the final speed of the load assuming it started from rest.
Kinetic Energy, and the Work Energy Principle
Problem 6-25:
(a)
From the free-body diagram for the load being lifted, write Newton’s 2nd law for
the vertical direction, with up being positive.
Fnet = ∑F = FT − m g = m a = 0.160 m g →
( )
FT = 1.16 m g = 1.16 ( 285 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 = 3.24 × 10 3 N
r
FT
r
mg
Kinetic Energy, and the Work Energy Principle
Problem 6-25:
(b)
The net work done on the load is found from the net force.
(
W net = Fnet d cos 0 o = ( 0.160 m g ) d = 0.160 ( 285 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 ) ( 22.0 m )
= 9.83 × 10 3 J
r
FT
r
mg
Kinetic Energy, and the Work Energy Principle
Problem 6-25:
(c)
(
Wcable = FT d cos 0 o = (1.160 mg ) d = 1.16 ( 285 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 ) ( 22.0 m ) = 7.13 × 10 4 J
r
FT
r
mg
Kinetic Energy, and the Work Energy Principle
Problem 6-25:
(d)
(
WG = mgd cos180 o = − mgd = − ( 285 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 ) ( 22.0 m ) = − 6.14 × 10 4 J
r
FT
r
mg
Work Done by a Constant Force
Problem 6-25:
(e)
Use the work-energy theory to find the final speed, with an initial speed of 0.
W net = K E 2 − K E 1 = 1
2
m v 22 − 1
2
m v 12 →
v2 =
2W n et
+ v 2
=
(
2 9 .8 3 × 1 0 3 J )+0 = 8 .3 1 m s
1
m 285 kg
r
FT
r
mg
Potential Energy
There are several forces that depends on either the configuration or position of an
object
For example, we have seen that the gravitation force depends on the distance
between two objects
In raising a mass m to a height h (no net acceleration), the work done by the
external force is
(6-8)
This results tells us that an object located at a height h has the ability to do an
amount of work given by mgh
Potential Energy
(6-9)
(6-10)
Note 1: The choice of y=0 is arbitrary only changes in potential energy matter.
Important:
2) The work done by the gravitational force on an object depends only on the
height and not on the path taken by the object.
Potential Energy
As mentioned before, there are other forms of potential energy. I will now discuss on
one of them associated with elastic materials.
For example, the figure below shows the potential energy stored in a spring when
it is compressed yielding kinetic energy when it is released.
Potential Energy
Where,
(6-11)
Now that we know the force, we can define the potential energy of a spring
compressed or stretched by a length x from an initial reference position.
The work done to change the spring’s natural length, let’s say stretch it, will be given
by:
Where,
Thus
(6-12)
Kinetic Energy, and the Work Energy Principle
Problem 6-30 (textbook): A 1.60-m tall person lifts a 2.10-kg book from the ground
so it is 2.20 m above the ground. What is the potential energy of the book relative to
(c) How is the work done by the person related to the answers in parts (a) and (b)?
Kinetic Energy, and the Work Energy Principle
Problem 6-30:
(
PE G = m g ( y book − y ground ) = ( 2.10 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 ) ( 2.20 m ) = 45.3 J
(
PE G = m g ( y book − y head ) h = ( 2.10 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 ) ( 0.60 m ) = 12 J
(c) The work done by the person in lifting the book from the ground to the final
height is the same as the answer to part (a), 45.3 J.
Problem 6-29 (textbook): A 1200-kg car rolling on a horizontal surface has speed
when it strikes a horizontal coiled spring and is brought to rest in a distance of 2.2 m.
What is the spring stiffness constant of the spring?
Kinetic Energy, and the Work Energy Principle
Problem 6-29:
Assume that all of the kinetic energy of the car becomes PE of the compressed
spring.
2
1m s
2
(1200 kg ) ( 65 km h )
1
mv 2 = 12 kx 2
mv
→ k= 2 = 3.6 km h = 8.1 × 10 4 N m
( 2.2 m )
2 2
x