Name : Nur Isnaeni Kusumawati

Class : EK-3B

No : 18

CAPASITOR

Capacitors or also called Condensators are Passive Electronic Components that can
store electrical charges in a temporary time with the unit of capacitance is Farad. Capasitor is
an Electronic Component consisting of two conductor plates which are generally made of metal
and an isolator among them as a separator. In the Electronics Circuit, Capacitors are
abbreviated with the letter "C".

Types of Capacitors with the material

Based on the Isolator material and its value, Capacitors can be divided into 2 Types of
Fixed Value Capacitors and Variable Capacitors. The following is a brief explanation for each
type of Capacitor:

A. FIXED VALUE CAPASITOR

Fixed Capacitor is a capacitor whose value is constant or unchanged. Here are the
Capacitor Types with Fixed Value:

a. Ceramic Capacitor
Ceramic Capacitors are Capacitors whose Isolators are made of Ceramics and
are round or square shaped. Ceramic Capacitors have no direction or polarity, so
they can be mounted back and forth in an electronic circuit. Generally, Ceramic
Capacitor Value ranges from 1pf to 0.01μF.
b. Polyester Capacitor
Polyester Capacitors are capacitors whose insulators are made of Polyester with
a rectangular shape. Polyester Capacitors can be mounted upside down in a series
of Electronics (no directional polarity)
c. Paper Capacitor
Paper Capacitors are capacitors whose insulators are made of Paper and in
general paper capacitor values range between 300pf to 4μF. Paper Capacitors have
no directional polarity or can be mounted back and forth in the Electronics Circuit.
 d. Mica Capasitor
Mica Capacitor is a capacitor whose Isolator material is made of Mica material.
Mica Capacitor values generally range from 50pF to 0.02μF. Mica Capacitors can
also be mounted back and forth because they do not have a directional polarity.
e. Electrolyte Capacitor
Electrolytic Capacitor or ELCO is a capacitor whose Isolator material is made
of Electrolyte (Electrolyte) and Tube-shaped / Cylindrical. Electrolytic Capacitor
having Positive (-) and Negative (-) Positive Polarity uses Aluminum material as a
wrapper and as well as its Negative terminals. Generally the value of Electrolytic
Capacitors ranges from 0.47μF to thousands of microfarad (μF).
f. Tantalum Capacitors
Tantalum capacitors also have Positive (+) and Negative (-) Positive Polarity as
well as Electrolytic Capacitors and Isolator Materials also derived from
Electrolytes. It is called Tantalum Capacitor because this type of capacitor uses
Tantalum Metal material as Anodanya Terminal (+).

B. VARIABLE CAPACITOR
The Variable Capacitor is a Capacitor whose Capacity value can be adjusted or varied.
Physically, Capacitors This variable consists of 2 types:
1. VARCO (Variable Condensator)
VARCO (Variable Condensator) made of Metal with a larger size and is generally
used to select Frequency Waves on Radio Circuits (coupled with Antenna Spool
and Spul Oscillator). VARCO Capacitance value ranges from 100pF to 500pF.
2. Trimmer
Trimmer is a type of Variable Capacitor that has a smaller shape so it requires
a tool like Screwdriver to be able to rotate the axis of the regulator. Trimmer in the
Electronic Circuit serves to match the selection of Frequency (Fine Tune). The
Trimmer Capacitance value is only up to 100pF.

Capacitor Function in Electronics Circuit

Below are some of the functions of Capacitors in the Electronics Circuit:

1. As Storage current or electric voltage

2. As a Conductor that can pass AC current (Alternating Current)
 3. As an Isolator that inhibits DC current (Direct Current)
4. As Filter in Power Supply Circuit (Power Supply)
5. As a coupling
6. As a Generating Frequency in Oscillator Circuit
7. As a Phase Shift
8. As a Frequency Wave Selector (Variable Capacitor combined with Antenna Spool
and Oscillator)

Characteristic of Capacitor

1. Nominal Capitality
2. Working Voltage
3. Tolerance
4. Flow Leaks
5. Working temperature / temperature
6. Temperature coefficient
7. Polarization
8. Equivalent Series Resistance

Applications from Capacitors

Capacitor has function to store electrical charge or electrical energy, capacitor also
has functions as a filter in power supply circuit, passing alternating current (AC), blocking
direct current (DC), and can be used as a frequency generator in the oscillator circuit.
F D1

CT Vi 1 3
Vo
78XX XX Volt

D2 2

C1 C2

Power supply is an electronic circuit that serves to convert alternating current into
direct current. Power supply has four main parts in order to produce a stable DC current.
The fourth part of them is Transformers, Rectifiers, Filters and Voltage Regulator. In the
power supply circuit, the filter is used to smooth out the current signal from the rectifier
or in other words filter serves to flatten the DC voltage ripple. Filter capacitors used in
power supply circuit normally the type of electrolyte capacitors and ceramic capacitors.
FIXED VALUE CAPASITOR

VARIABLE CAPACITOR
 Composition Of Capacitor Circuits
a. Series capacitors circuit

b. Parallel capacitors circuit