GEN BIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT 1

I) PLANT CLASSIFICATION

PLANT
TYPES SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLES
It lacks vascular tissues that transports water and
nutrients in the plant Hornworts
NON
They do not produce flower, fruits, seeds Moss
VASCULAR
They have leaf-like, stem-like, root-like that functions Liverworts
parallel to leaves, stems, roots.
It obtains vascular vessels or tissues for transportation
of food and water throughout the plant Celery

VASCULAR Inside this plant is the phloem, a vessel responsible for Fern
the transport of food
While xylem is a vessel responsible for the transport of Horsetails
water
The seeds are naked or exposed Pine Tree

GYMNOSPERMS They are not enclosed within fruits Ginkgo

They do not produce fruits but they can form cones Cycad
They are flowering plants, they have capability of
producing a flower and make seeds enclosed in
fruits. Magnolia Trees

ANGIOSPERMS They also have ovules that is enclosed in ovary. Roses

Also have small pollen grains responsible for Tulips

spreading genetic information from a flower to
another.
II) EXTERNAL FEATURES OF A LEAF

PART FUNCTIONS ADAPTATIONS

Primary function is
Lamina photosynthesis, it contains Thin Broad
xylem and phloem
The veins on a leaf are
Xylem which function is to Veins containing xylem
Vein transport water and The and phloem situated
Phloem function is to close to mesophyll cells
transport nutrients or food
A stalk giving support to a
leaf in a plant and
attaches it to the stem. It
serves to transport the
Petiole Leaf Stalk
water and nutrients
absorbed by the roots
and go through the xylem
up to the leaf
III) INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF A LEAF

PARTS DESCRIBE THE CELL FUNCTIONS

Made up of a single layer Covered with waxy and
of closely packed cells. It is waterproof cuticle that
Upper Epidermis covered on the outside by main responsibility is to
a waxy and transparent reduce water loss from the
cuticle leaf
It can be seen between
the upper and lower
To facilitate in the
epidermis. Where
photosynthesis. Because
photosynthesis
Mesophyll this is the site where
happens/site. It is build up
photosynthesis occurs
of two types of tissues
palisade and spongy
mesophyll
Consists of one or two
layers of closely packed, The chloroplasts it contains
a) Palisade long and cylindrical cells. carry on most of the
These cells contain photosynthesis in the leaf
numerous chloroplasts.
These cells are irregular in
shape. They are numerous Temporary storage of
large intercellular air sugars and amino acids
b) Spongy
spaces among cells. synthesized in the palisade
Covered with thin film of layer
moisture.
This can be find under the
The guard cells regulate
mesophyll. Consists of a
the opening and closing of
single layer of closely
the stomata. They control
Lower Epidermis packed cells covered by
the exchange of gases
an outer layer of cuticle
between the leaf and the
that reduces water loss
surrounding atmosphere
through epidermal cells.