Chapter 4 (RVF)

Hydraulic jump
Zulhilmi ismail & Hidayat
Jamal
Hydraulics & Hydrology
Department, FKA, UTM

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Hydraulic Jumps
■ Occurs when there is a sudden transition from
supercritical (y < yc) to subcritical (y > yc) flow.
■ Examples of where this may occur are :
– At the foot of a spillway
– Where a channel slope suddenly turns flat.
EA
EL EB

y0 y1
yc y2'

y3 y1
0 1 2 3

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Type of Hydraulic Jump

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Application of Hydraulic Jump
■ Used for energy dissipation
■ To divert water
■ To increase dissolved oxygen in water
■ For mixing purpose (adding chemical to water)

So,
■ We would like to know depth of water downstream
from jump as well as the location of the jump
■ Which equation, Energy or Momentum?
A look at the hydraulic
jump in greater detail:

Note that there is a lot of viscous dissipation ( = head loss )

within the hydraulic jump. not apply
■ In analyzing hydraulic jumps we assume there is
conservation of momentum, i.e. :

y12 q 2 y 22 q 2
  
2 gy1 2 gy 2
We can algebraically manipulate this to find:

y2 1

y1 2
 1  8Fr21  1 
y1 1

y2 2
 1  8Fr22  1 
■ y1 is known as the initial depth and is < yc (supercritical flow).
■ y2 is known as the sequent depth and is > yc (subcritical
flow).
■ The energy loss in a hydraulic jump can be found by:

(i) EL  E1  E2

(ii) EL 
 y2  y1 
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Where y2 - y1 = height of jump, hj
4 y1 y2
■ Power loss in hydraulic jump: PL  gQEL
Summary of parameters in Hydraulic Jump

Equations before & after hydraulic jump

(i)
y2 1
 
1  8F12  1  (ii)
y1 1

y2 2

1  8F22  1 
y1 2

Height of hydraulic jump, h j  y2  y1

Energy loss due to hydraulic jump, EL  E1  E2 

 y2  y1 
3

4 y1 y2

Power loss in hydraulic jump, PL  gQEL

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Example 1

The Froude number of the upstream side of the

hydraulic jump is 4.0.Determine the upstream
water level if the downstream depth is 1.16m.

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Solution

 Use relationship:
y2 1

y1 2
 
1  8Fr21  1

1.16 1
y1

2
 1  8(4) 2  1 
 y1  0.224m

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Example 2

Rectangular main channel cross-section with

Q = 18m3/s
B = 4m
If hydraulic jump occur with Fr1=3.5, calculate
height of hydraulic jump, hj?

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 know;
v q1 4.5
Fr   
Solution gy y1 gy1 gy13

 Use relationship:
 3.5 
4.5
gy13
y2 1
 
1  8F12  1  y1  0.55m
y1 2
 y2 1
 
1  8F12  1
 Fr 
v q
; v1  1
y1 2
gy y1
y2 
0.55
2
 
1  8(3.5) 2  1
y2  2.46m
Q 18
q1    4.5m 3 / s.m
B 4 h j  y2  y1  2.46  0.55
h j  1.91m

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This is enough for this chapter.

The End
Jump in Flume (Right to Left)