Retaining Wall with Counterfort Check of Stability & Calculation of Internal forces

And design sections According ACI 318-08

Project :- Designed by:- M. Abu Shady
Building :- Checked by:- M. Abu Shady
Element:- Retaining Wall with Counterfort Date:- 14-Nov-18
Location:-

General Input :
fc'=32 N/mm2 fy=420 N/mm2
tw= 0.30 m LL=5.0 KN/m2
ɣC=24 KN/m3
µ= 0.58
qall=150 KN/m2 Active Soil
Cover=50 mm ɣs=18KN/m3
Ignore Passive Soil YES Ka= 0.333
Ignore Soil wet W5 YES
�4
�5
𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒� 0.60 m co
Passive Soil
Hp=2.10m Kp= 3

tb= 0.80 m 𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒�

2.60m 3.60m

b= 6.50 m
d=0.74m

dir
itu

tio
na
ng

ec
lo

di

n
l

Transverse direction
1-Check Stability of Wall: Elevation Plan
a- Check of Retaining Wall Overturning:
Calculation of ∑W & Stability Moment ∑M
C𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝑷
Dist. From load Moments M @
Description of loads Loads W kN/m' to point O (m) O KN.m/m' & 𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑴_𝒐

Weight of stem
W1 66.02 2.750 181.57
�_ℎ𝐿= 〖𝐿𝐿𝐾〗 _
𝑎𝐻
Weight of base slab W2 �_ℎ𝑎=(ɣ_𝑠 𝐾_𝑎
124.80 3.250 405.60 𝐻^2)/2

Weight of earth over �-𝒕_� �_ℎ𝑝=(ɣ_𝑠 𝐾_𝑎

Heel slab W3 594.22 4.700 2792.82 𝐻_𝑝^2)/2

Weight of Counterfort 〖� _𝒐=�_ℎ𝐿∗𝐻 〗 _(�_ℎ𝐿 )+�_ℎ𝑎*

W4 using(ɣc-ɣs) 45.02 4.100 184.57
𝐻_(�_ℎ𝑎 )- �_ℎ𝑝*𝐻_(�_ℎ𝑝 )

Weight of earth over 0.00 1.300 0.00

Toe slab W5
∑W=830.06 ∑M=3564.55

Page 1 of 9
Retaining Wall with Counterfort Check of Stability & Calculation of Internal forces
And design sections According ACI 318-08
Project :- Designed by:- M. Abu Shady
Building :- Checked by:- M. Abu Shady
Element:- Retaining Wall with Counterfort Date:- 14-Nov-18
Location:-

〖����������� ������ �� ������ =∑𝑴/𝑴 〗 Err:501 Err:501

_(𝒐 )
b- Check of Retaining Wall Sliding:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎� 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎� 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑠�𝑖𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎�� ∑▒�_ℎ =�_ℎ𝐿+ = 299.87 𝐾�∕ 〖� ^
�_ℎ𝑎- �_ℎ𝑝 ′ 〗
����𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 µ∑�" Err:501 𝐾�∕ 〖� ^
"
������� ������ �� ������=µ∑� /∑�_ℎ Err:501 ′ 〗 Err:501

c- Check of Retaining Wall bearing Capacity:

finding eccentricity e, take moments @ point O
M@o=0=−∑�∗x+∑𝑀−𝑀_𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 ,∴� Err:501 ,𝑒 = 0.16 m , �/6 = 1.083 m e 𝑠ℎ𝑎�� �𝑒≤�/

������ �=�/�±�/� 𝑦=(∑�)/(1∗�)±(𝑒∗∑�)/((1∗�^3)⁄12) �/2

=(∑�)/�±(6�∗∑�)/�^2 = (∑�)/�(1±6�/�)
Err:501 129.73 KN/m2 135.75 KN/m2
𝒇_𝒂=(∑�)/�(1+ ,𝒇_( ,𝒇_(𝒆
6𝑒/�)= Err:501 𝒄=) 131.46 KN/m2 =)
𝒇_�=(∑�)/�(1 ,𝒇_(
−6𝑒/�)= OK SAFE < qall �=)

Page 2 of 9
Retaining Wall with Counterfort Check of Stability & Calculation of Internal forces
And design sections According ACI 318-08
Project :- Designed by:- M. Abu Shady
Building :- Checked by:- M. Abu Shady
Element:- Retaining Wall with Counterfort Date:- 14-Nov-18
Location:-
2-Internal Forces of Retaining Wall:
a- Toe Slab Moment and Shear:
finding net stress on Toe Slab
𝒇_𝒏𝒂 127.3 KN/m2 Upward 116.5 KN/m2 Upward
=
𝒇_𝒏� 112.3 KN/m2 Upward 〖 ,𝒇
=
MToe Transverse max Ult.@b= 620.0KN.m/m BOT. RFT. 〗Use
_𝒏9 T 18 /m' Tension RFT.
𝒆=
QToe max Ult. @d dis. From b = 340 KN/m < ΦVc = 534 KN/m Where
OK SAFE ACI318-08 , Eq 11-3
b- Heel Slab Moment and Shear:
heel Slab behaves as:
1- a cantilever from point c to x with length L c/2, supported by stem.
2- a continuous beam from point x to d in longitudinal direction of Retaining wall
supported by counterforts

finding net stress on Heel Slab

𝒇_𝒏𝒄 -82.0 KN/m2 Downward
=𝒇_𝒏�
-102.9 KN/m2 Downward
=𝒇_𝒏�
-88.4 KN/m2 Downward
=
Mheel Transverse Ult.@c -ve= -78.3KN.m/m TOP RFT. Use 8 T 16 /m' Tension RFT.
Mheel longitudinal Ult.@d -Ve= -74.7KN.m/m TOP RFT. Use 8 T 16 /m' Tension RFT.
Mheel longitudinal Ult.@d +Ve= 62.2KN.m/m BOT. RFT. Use 8 T 16 /m' Tension RFT.
QHeel max Transverse Ult. @d= 146 KN/m < ΦVc = 534 KN/m
QHeel max longitudinal Ult. @d= 170 KN/m < ΦVc = 534 KN/m
C- Stem Slab Moment and Shear:
Stem Slab behaves as:
1- a cantilever from point c at heel top to point z with length L c/2, supported by heel Slab.
2- a continuous beam above point z in longitudinal direction of Retaining wall supported by
counterforts slab.
𝒇_(𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 56.69 50.09 1.67 KN/m2
@𝒄) =
Mstem vertical Ult.@c cant -ve= -47.5KN.m/mon〖active
,𝒇 〗side
_(𝒔 〖 ,𝒇3〗
Use _(𝒔/m'
T 16 Tension RFT.
𝒕𝒆𝒎 @𝒛=) 𝒕𝒆𝒎 @𝒛𝟎)
Mstem longitudinal Ult.@z -Ve= -36.4KN.m/mon= active side =Use 5 T 12 /m' Tension RFT.
Mstem longitudinal Ult.@z +Ve= 30.3KN.m/m on passive side Use 5 T 12 /m' Tension RFT.
Mstem longitudinal Ult.@z0 -Ve= -1.2KN.m/m on active side Use 5 T 12 /m' Tension RFT.
Mstem longitudinal Ult.@z0 +Ve= 1.0KN.m/m on passive side Use 5 T 12 /m' Tension RFT.
QStem max Cantilever Ult. @c= 94 KN/m < ΦVc = 173 KN/m
QStem max longitudinal Ult. @z= 83 KN/m < ΦVc
d- Counterfort Moment and Shear:
Counterfort Slab behaves as:
a Tee Beam its flange (is heel & stem slabs) with effiective depth d ctf , subjected to
1- max. moment MCfort@c at c point produced from horizontal earth pressure
2- max horizontal shear VHal Cfort@c at c point produced from horizontal earth pressure
stress 𝒇_(𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 @𝒄) on stem slab multiplied by counterfort spacing.
3- max Vertical shear VVal Cfort@d at d point produced from Vertical net stress 𝒇_𝒏�
on heel slab multiplied by counterfort spacing.

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Retaining Wall with Counterfort Check of Stability & Calculation of Internal forces
And design sections
Counterfort According
Slab behaves as: ACI 318-08
a Tee Beam its flange (is heel & stem slabs) with effiective depth d ctf , subjected to M. Abu Shady
Project :- Designed by:-
1- max. moment MCfort@c at c point produced from horizontal earth pressure
Buildingat:- c point produced from horizontal earthChecked M. Abu Shady
2- max horizontal shear VHal Cfort@c pressureby:-
stress 𝒇_(𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 @𝒄) onElement:- Retaining Wall with Counterfort
stem slab multiplied by counterfort spacing. Date:- 14-Nov-18
3- max Vertical shear VVal Cfort@d at
Location:- d point produced from Vertical net stress 𝒇_𝒏�
on heel slab multiplied by counterfort spacing.

" = 3.35 m " = 6.11 m " = 3.06 m

d h
"d ctf"@ h ctf"@
"d
z1
= 2.23 m = 1.12 m
ct z2
"M Cfort@z2z1" "
50.6KN.m/mz2" Use 3 T 22 Tension RFT.
f"
="M 373.9KN.m/m Use 6 T 22 Tension RFT.
Cfort@z1 "
="M
Cfort@c " 1261.8KN.m/m Use 9 T 22 Tension RFT.
V=Hal Cfort@c = 142 KN/m < ΦVc = 712 KN/m use 5T10/m E.F
VVal Cfort@d = 257 KN/m < ΦVc use 5T10/m E.F

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M.A.S.

𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒� 8.47 m

H=9.97m

𝐿𝑒𝑣𝑒� -1.50 m

tc= 0.30 m

Lc= 2.20 m

tc= 0.30 m

Transverse direction
Plan

C𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝑷_𝑳, 𝑷_𝒉𝒂, 𝑷_𝒉�

& 𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑴_𝒐

= 1.67 𝐾�∕�′

= 298.20 𝐾�∕�′

= 0.00 𝐾�∕�′

〖� _𝒐=�_ℎ𝐿∗𝐻 〗 _(�_ℎ𝐿 )+�_ℎ𝑎* = 999.34 〖𝐾� .� 〗∕

𝐻_(�_ℎ𝑎 )- �_ℎ𝑝*𝐻_(�_ℎ𝑝 )
〖� ^′ 〗

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M.A.S.

𝐾�∕ 〖� ^
′ 〗

e 𝑠ℎ𝑎�� �𝑒≤�/6 to ignor tension stress

135.75 KN/m2

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M.A.S.

KN/m2 Upward

ACI318-08 , Eq 11-3

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M.A.S.

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References:
1- Chapter 12 of Reinforced Concrete Design, Design Theory and Examples by T. J. MacGinley_3rd Ed-2006-ISBN: 04153079
2- Design and Detailing of Counterfort Retaining Wall Lecture Note
http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/P6/enotes/CV61/Des_Ret_Wal-MCN.pdf
which is part of Design and Drawing of RCC Structures - CV61 Lectures
http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/CV61.html
3- Reliability Analysis of Counterfort Retaining Walls Paper (Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 11(1) 2011)
http://www.ejse.org/Archives/Fulltext/2011/20115.pdf
4- Typical frictional resistances, Table L.1, Appendix L of Structural Foundation Designers' Manual by W. G. Curtin_2nd-2006

Rev 1.0
Design Toe, Heel and stem slab according ACI 318-08
Design Counterfort as a beam according ACI 318-08