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Contents
INTRODUCTION
PIPE RACK
Pipe Rack design criteria
• Shapes
• Future Space
• Width of Pipe Rack
• Clearance
• Pipe Rack Loading
RACK PIPING
• Positions of Lines (Process & Utilities)
• Hot Lines & Cold Lines
• Bigger Size Lines
• Pipe Spacing
• Anchor Bay
• Unit Battery Limit
• Expansion Loops
• Pipe Route
• Trays
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INTRODUCTION
Shapes
There are various shapes of pipe rack like L/T/U/H/Z. These shapes
shall be considered based on the area available.
Future Space
The total width of the pipe rack shall include 25% extra space for
future expansion/modification in unit for rack-width upto 16m and
10% for rack-width above 16m. The future space %age is normally
based on the client requirements.
DEAD END YARD LINES ENTER & STRAIGHT THROUGH YARD LINES
LEAVE ONE END OF THE RACK CAN ENTER & LEAVE BOTH ENDS
OF THE RACK
Clearance
For units, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be 4m
minimum both in longitudinal and transverse
directions.
For Offsite, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be
2.2m minimum both in longitudinal and transverse
directions.
Road clearance shall be 7m for main road and 5m for
secondary road.
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PIPE RACK LOADING
Thermal Laod
Load by thermal expansion of piping & Reaction force by
internal pressure of expansion bellows
Dynamic Laod
Load by vibration of piping & by wind and earthquake
Position of Lines
Predominantly process lines are to be kept at
lower tier and, utility & hot process lines on upper
tier.
Pipe Spacing
Minimum spacing between adjacent lines shall be decided
based on O.D. of bigger size flange (minimum rating 300# to
be considered), O.D. of the smaller pipe, individual insulation
thickness and additional 25mm clearance. Even if flange is
not appearing the min. spacing shall be based on above basis
only. Actual line spacing, especially at ‘L’ bend and loop
locations, shall take care thermal expansion/thermal
contraction/non-expansion of adjacent line. Non-
expansion/thermal contraction may stop the free expansion
of the adjacent line at ‘L’ bend location.
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RACK PIPING
Anchor Bay
Anchors on the racks are to be provided on the anchor bay if
the concept of anchor bay is adopted. Otherwise anchor shall
be distributed over two to three consecutive bays.
Anchors shall be provided within unit on all hot lines leaving the
unit.
Pipe Route
Racks shall be designed to give the piping shortest possible run
and to provide clear head rooms over main walkways,
secondary walkways and platforms.
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RACK PIPING
Trays
Generally top tier is to be kept for Electrical cable trays (if not
provided in underground trench) and Instrument cable
ducts/trays. Cable tray laying to take care of necessary
clearances for the fire proofing of structure.
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RACK PIPING
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EXPANSION LOOPS