SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

CHAPTER 1 FORM 5 : RATE OF REACTION

1 Two experiments are carried out to investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction.
Table 1 shows the information of each experiment.
Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar
suatu tindak balas. Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat setiap eksperimen.

Volume of gas
collected at 60
Experiment Reactants Temperature second (cm3)
Eksperimen Bahan (oC) Isi padu gas yang
Suhu (oC ) dikumpulkan pada
60 saat (cm3)
Zinc (excess) and 25 cm3 of 1.0
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl
Set I Zink (berlebihan) dan 25 cm3 30 20.0
asid hidroklorik , HCl 1.0 mol
dm-3
Zinc (excess) and 25 cm3 of 1.0
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl
Set II Zink (berlebihan) dan 25 cm3 40 32.0
asid hidroklorik , HCl 1.0 mol
dm-3

Table 1
Jadual 1

(a) What is the factor that affects the rate of reaction in both experiments.
Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam kedua-dua
eksperimen.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
Aras rendah[1 mark]

(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
Aras tinggi [2mark]
(c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiments in set I and set II.
Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen dalam set I dan set II.

Aras tinggi[2marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

(d) Sketch the graph of the volume of gas collected against time for set I and set II on
the same axes.
Lakarkan graf isi padu gas yang dikumpulkan melawan masa untuk set I dan II pada
paksi yang sama.

Aras tinggi [2marks]

(e) (i) Compare the rate of reaction between experiments of set I and set II.
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas di antara eksperimen set I dan set II.

……………………………………………………………………………………
Aras sederhana [1mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (e)(i) using collision theory.

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (e)(i) menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

Aras tinggi [3 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

2 An experiment is carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of excess zinc with 50 cm3
of hydrochloric acid. The volume of gas collected at regular intervals is shown in
Diagram 2.
Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink berlebihan
dengan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik. Isipadu gas yang terkumpul pada sela masa yang sama
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.
Volume of gas/cm3
Isipadu gas/cm3

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 Time/min
Masa/min
Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(a) State the meaning of the rate of reaction.

Nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas.

…………………………………………………………………………………………............
Aras rendah [1 mark]
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in this experiment.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
Aras tinggi [2 marks]

(c) From the graph in Diagram 2, determine:

Daripada graf dalam Rajah 2, tentukan:
(i) The concentration of hydrochloric acid used.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]

Kepekatan asid hidroklorik yang digunakan.
[1 mol gas menepati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

Aras tinggi [3 marks]

(ii) The average rate of reaction.
Kadar tindak balas purata.

Aras tinggi [1 mark]

(d) Based on collision theory, explain why does the rate of reaction decrease with
time.
Berdasarkan teori perlanggaran, terangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas
berkurangan dengan masa.
……………………………………………………………………………….………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
...………………………………………………………………………...............................
Aras tinggi [3 marks]
(e) The experiment is repeated by using sulphuric acid with the same volume and
concentration as the hydrochloric acid.
Sketch an expected curve to be obtained on Diagram 2.
Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik yang mempunyai
isipadu
dan kepekatan yang sama dengan asid hidroklorik.
Lakarkan satu lengkungan yang dijangka dapat diperolehi pada Rajah 2.
Aras tinggi [1 mark]

3 An experiment is carried out to determine the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate
powder and dilute hydrochloric acid. The volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at fixed
intervals are recorded.
Table 3 shows the results of the experiment.

Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas antara serbuk kalsium

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik cair. Isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil dalam
tindak balas tersebut ditentukan pada satu sela masa tertentu.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

Time / s
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270
Masa / s
Volume of carbon dioxide
gas /cm3
16. 25. 30. 34. 36. 38. 39. 39.
Isipadu gas karbon 0 39.0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
dioksida
/ cm3
Table 3 Jadual 3

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the above reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

………………………………………………………………………................................
Aras tinggi [2 marks]

(b) (i) Based on the results in Table 3, draw a graph of volume of gas against time on
the graph paper provided.
Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 3, lukiskan graf isipadu gas melawan
masa bagi eksperimen tersebut pada kertas graf yang disediakan.
Aras tinggi [3 marks]

(ii) By referring to the graph in (b)(i) calculate the rate of reaction for experiment at
120 s.
Berdasarkan graf dalam (b)(i) hitungkan kadar tindak balas pada saat ke 120.

Aras tinggi [2 marks]

(c) (i) On the graph in b(i), sketch the curve that would be obtained if the experiment is
repeated by replacing powder calcium carbonate with granulated calcium
carbonate.
(Other conditions of the experiment remains the same ).

Pada graf di b(i), lakarkan lengkung yang akan diperolehi jika eksperimen ini
diulangi dengan menggantikan serbuk kalsium karbonat dengan ketulan kalsium
karbonat.
( Keadaan lain dalam eksperimen adalah sama ).
Aras sederhana [1 mark]

(ii) Based on the graph in (b) (i) and the curve in (c) (i) , explain why there is a
difference in the rate of reaction by using collision theory.
Berdasarkan graf dalam (b) (i) dan lengkung dalam (c) (i), terangkan mengapa
terdapat perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas dengan menggunakan teori
perlanggaran

………………………………………………………………………………………

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………..
Aras tinggi [3 marks]

4 A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of concentration of

hydrochloric on the rate of reaction.. Table 4 shows the results of the experiments.

Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menyiasat kesan kepekatan
asid hidroklorik ke atas kadar sesuatu tindak balas. Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan
eksperimen.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

Time taken for all

Experiment Diagram magnesium dissolve/s
Masa yang diambil untuk
semua magnesium
melarut/s
1.2 g magnesium ribbon
1.2 g pita magnesium
1g pita magnesium
I 30
Gas bubbles
Gelembung
gas

Excess hydrochloric acid 1

mol dm-3
asid hidroklorik 1 mol dm-3
berlebihan

1.2 g magnesium ribbon

1.2 g pita magnesium

Gas bubbles
II Gelembong 60
gas

Excess hydrochloric acid 0.5 mol

dm-3
asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3
berlebihan

Table 4
Jadual 4

(a) (i) Name the gas released in the experiment

Namakan gas yang terbebas dalam eksperimen ini

…………………………………………………………………………………………
Aras rendah [1 mark]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and
hydrochloric acid.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dengan asid
hidroklorik.

……………………………………………………………………………...................
Aras tinggi [2 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

(iii) Calculate the maximum volume of the gas released at room temperature in this
experiment.
[Relative atomic mass : Mg,24;
Volume of 1 mole of gas at room temperature = 24 dm3 ]
Hitung isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas pada suhu bilik dalam eksperimen
ini.
[Jisim atom relatif : Mg,24;
Isipadu 1mol gas pada suhu bilik = 24 dm3 ]

Aras tinggi [3 marks]

(b) Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II. Explain.
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara eksperimen I dan eksperimen II. Terangkan

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Aras tinggi[2 marks]

(c) State two other factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this eksperiment.
Nyatakan dua faktor lain yang boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam
eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Aras sederhana [2 marks]

5 The equation below represents the reaction between excess of calcium carbonate and
hydrochloric acid.
Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan
asid hidroklorik.

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Carbon dioxide gas is collected in a burette and the total volume of carbon dioxide gas is
recorded at an interval of 30 seconds.
Table 5 shows the results obtained.
Gas karbon dioksida dikumpulkan dalam suatu buret dan jumlah isipadu gas karbon
dioksida dicatatkan pada setiap selang masa 30 saat.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusan-keputusan yang diperolehi.

Time / s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Masa

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

Total volume of CO2

gas collected / cm3 0 23.00 35.00 42.00 44.00 44.00 44.00
Jumlah isipadu gas
CO2 dikumpul

Table 5
Jadual 5

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up and materials used to carry
out the experiment in the laboratory.
Lukis satu gambarajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas dan bahan-
bahan diguna untuk menjalankan experiment itu dalam makmal.

Aras sederhana [2 marks]

(b) Draw a graph of total volume of carbon dioxide gas collected against time.
Lukis satu graf jumlah isipadu gas karbon dioksida dikumpul melawan masa.

Aras sederhana [4 marks]

(c) (i) By using the graph you have drawn in (b), determine the rate of reaction at 90
seconds.
Dengan menggunakan graf yang telah diplotkan di (b), tentukan kadar tindak
balas pada 90 saat

Aras tinggi[2 marks]

(ii) Predict the rate of reaction at 105 seconds.

Ramalkan kadar tindak balas pada 105 saat.

...…….……………………………………………………………………………
Aras sederhana [1 mark]
(iii) Explain the difference rate of reaction in (c) (i) and (ii).
Jelaskan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dalam (c) (i) dan (ii).

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

...…….……………………………………………………………………………

Aras sederhana [1mark]

6 Table 6 shows the reactants used in Experiment I and Experiment II to investigate the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan bahan tindak balas yang digunakan dalam Eksperimen l dan
Eksperimen II untuk mengkaji kadar penguraian hidrogen peroksida.

Experiment Reactant
Eksperimen Bahan tindak balas

I 1.0 g manganese(IV) oxide powder + 10 cm3 of 10-volume hydrogen

peroxide
1.0 g serbuk mangan(IV) oksida + 10 cm3 10-isipadu hidrogen
peroksida

II 1.0 g manganese(IV) oxide powder + 10 cm3 of 30-volume hydrogen

peroxide
1.0 g serbuk mangan(IV) oksida + 10 cm3 30-isipadu hidrogen
peroksida

TABLE 6
JADUAL 6

The volume of gas liberated was recorded at intervals of 30 seconds.

Isipadu gas yang terbebas direkodkan pada selang masa 30 saat.

(a) Draw a labeled diagram to carry out this experiment.

Lukiskan rajah berlabel untuk menjalankan eksperimen ini.

Aras sederhana [ 2 marks]

(b) (i) Name the gas liberated when hydrogen peroxide decomposes.
Namakan gas yang terbebas apabila hidrogen peroksida terurai.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
Aras rendah [ 1mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi penguraian hidrogen peroksida.

……………………………………………………………………………………
Aras sederhana [ 2marks]

(c) (i) Which experiment will give the higher rate of reaction?
Eksperimen manakah yang memberikan kadar tindak balas yang lebih tinggi?

……………………………………………………………………………………
Aras sederhana [ 1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in ( c) (i)

Jelaskan jawapan and di ( c) (i)

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
Aras tinggi [1 mark ]

(iii) Sketch a graph of volume of gas liberated against time for experiment I and II
on the same axes below.
Lakarkan graf isipadu gas terbebas melawan masa bagi eksperimen I dan II di
atas paksi yang sama di bawah.
Volume of gas/ cm3

Time/s

Aras sederhana [ 2 marks ]

(d) Manganese(lV) oxide acts as a catalyst.

By using Collision Theory explain how manganese(IV) oxide increase the
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
Mangan(lV)oksida bertindbagai mangkin.
Dengan menggunakan Teori Perlanggaran jelaskan bagaimana mangan(IV) oksida
meningkatkan penguraian hydrogen peroksida.

…………………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………
Aras tinggi [2 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

7 Diagram 7 shows the set-up of the apparatus used in experiments I and II to

investigate the effect of total surface area of calcium carbonate on the rate of
reaction with hydrochloric acid.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen I dan
eksperimen II untuk mengkaji kesan jumlah luas permukaan kalsium karbonat ke
atas kadar tindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik.

Experiment I
Eksperimen I

Gas

5 g of large chips of
calcium carbonate Water
5 g ketulan besar Air
kalsium karbonat

0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid Basin

0.1 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik Besen

Experiment II
Eksperimen II

Gas

0.1 mol dm -3 hydrochloric

acid Water
0.1 mol dm -3asid hidroklorik Air

Basin
5 g of calcium carbonate Besen
powder
5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat

Diagram 7
Rajah 7

(a) Based on Diagram 7, compare one change observed in experiments I and II.
Berdasarkan kepada Rajah 7, bandingkan satu perubahan yang diperhatikan
` bagi eksperimen I dan eksperimen II.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

…………………………………………………………………………………………
Aras sederhana [3 marks]
(b) State an inference for the observation in 1(a).
Nyatakan satu inferens bagi pemerhatian di 1(a).

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Aras rendah [3 marks]
(c) State all the variables for the experiment.
Nyatakan semua pembolehubah eksperimen.

Manipulated variable :
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
Responding variable :
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
Fixed variable :
Pembolehubahdimalarkan
Aras sederhana[3 marks]

(d) Suggest a hypothesis for this experiment.

Cadangkan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Aras sederhana [3 marks]

Diagram 7 shows the burette readings for Experiment I.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan bacaan buret bagi eksperimen 1

(e) Record the burette readings in the spaces provided.

Rekodkan bacaan buret di ruangan yang disediakan
Aras sederhana [3 marks]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

………………cm3 …………….cm3 ………………cm3

at 0 min at ½ min at 1 min

.............
....cm3 .................cm3 .................cm3
at 1½ min at 2 min at 2½ min

...
..............cm3
.................cm3 .................cm3 .................cm3
at 3 min at 3½ min at 4 min at 4½
min

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7
The graph of Experiment I is plotted as shown below.
Graph bagi Experiment I diplotkan seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.
Volume of gas/ cm3 Graph of Volume of gas against Time

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

50

40 Experiment I

30

20

10

0 1 2 3 4 5

Time/min

(f) The reaction in Experiment II will be completed after the certain time.
The table below only part of the results from Experiment II
Jadual menunjukkan isipadu gas dihasilkan di Eksprimen II

Time/ min
Masa/ min 0 ½ 1 1½ 2 2½
Volume of gas/ cm3 0
Isipadu gas / cm3 20.00 29.00 35.00 38.00 40.00
Based on the table,
(i) plot a graph of volume of gas against time on the same axes.
Berdasarkan kepada jadual, plot satu graf isipadu gas melawan masa pada paksi
yang sama
Aras sederhana [3 marks]

(ii) Extrapolate the graph you have drawn in 1(f)(i) and predict the time taken for the
reaction to complete.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

Ekstrapolasikan graf yang kamu telah lukis di (f)(i) dan ramalkan masa diambil
untuk semua bahan tindak balas habis bertindakbalas.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Aras sederhana [3 marks]

(iii) Based on the graph, calculate the overall average rate of reaction for Experiment II
Berdasarkan kepada graf, hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen II.
Aras tinggi [3 marks]

(g) State the operational definition for the rate of reaction in experiments I and II

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen I dan
eksperimen II

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………
Aras sederhana [3 marks]
(h) Classify the ions in calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid used in this experiment
into positive and negative ions.

Kelaskan ion dalam kalsium karbonat dan asid hydroklorik yang digunakan dalam
ekspermen ini kepada ion positif dan ion negatif.
Aras sederhana [3 marks]

(i) It takes different times to cook big prawns and small prawns. Describe the colour
change and compare the time taken for both sizes of the prawns to cook.

Ia mengambil masa yang berlainan untuk memasak udang besar dan udang
kecil. Huraikan perubahan warna dan bandingkan masa diambil bagi
kedua-dua saiz udang itu masak

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Aras sederhana [3 marks]

8. Diagram 8.1 below shows the set- up of apparatus to investigate the effect of
temperature on the rate of reaction.
Rajah 8.1 di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan
50 cm3 0.1 suhu
mol dm – 3 terhadap
of
kadar tindakbalas sodium thiosulphate
solution

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

DIAGRAM 8.1
RAJAH 8.1

5 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm – 3 hydrochloric acid is added to 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm – 3 of

sodium thiosulphate solution at different temperature. The time taken for a fixed
quantity of sulphur produced was recorded as shown in Table 8.2.
5 cm 3 asid hidroklorik dengan kepekatan 2.0 mol dm – 3 ditambah kepada 50 cm 3
larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan kepekatan 0.1 mol dm – 3 pada suhu yang berlainan.
Masa yang diambil untuk suatu kuantiti tetap sulfur dihasilkan dicatatkan seperti dalam
Jadual 8.2.

Temperature (° C)
28 35 40 45 50
Suhu (° C)
Time taken for a fixed quantity
of sulphur produced (s)
Masa yang diambil untuk 33 24 19 16 14
suatu kuantiti tetap sulfur
dihasilkan (s)
1
(s – 1 )
time
1
(s – 1 )
masa

(a) What is the colour of the sulphur produced?

Apakah warna sulfur yang dihasilkan?

..…………………………..
……………………………………………………………….……
Aras rendah [1 mark]

(b) Suggest how you determined that a fixed quantity of sulphur is produced in this
experiment.
Cadangkan bagaimana anda dapat menentukan kuantiti sulfur yang tetap telah
dihasilkan dalam eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………..……………..

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014 RATE OF REACTION

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
Aras sederhana [2 marks]

1
(c) (i) Complete the value of (s – 1 ) in Table 6.2
time
1
Lengkapkan nilai (s – 1 ) dalam Jadual 6.2
masa
Aras sederhana [1 mark]
1
(ii) Draw a graph of temperature against on the graph paper on the next
time
page.
1
Lukis satu graf suhu melawan di atas kertas graf di muka surat
masa
seterusnya.

Aras sederhana [2 marks]

(d) (i) Based on the graph, state the relationship between rate of reaction and
temperature.
Berdasarkan graf, nyatakan kaitan antara kadar tindakbalas dengan suhu..

.……………………..……………………………………………………………….……
Aras sederhana [1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (d) (i) using the collision theory.
Terangkan jawapan anda di (d) (i) menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Aras tinggi [3 marks]

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