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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

STATUS CONFIRMATIION FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT REPORT
SIGNIFICANT FACTORS OF SLOPE FAILURE IN MALAYSIA
ACADEMIC SESSION : 2018/2019
I, MOHAMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN MD SAID agree to allow this Undergraduate Project
Report to be kept at the Library under the following terms:
1. This Undergraduate Project Report is the property of the Universiti Tun Hussein
Onn Malaysia.
2. The library has the right to make copies for educational purposes only.
3. The library is allowed to make copies of this report for educational exchange
between higher educational institutions.
4. ** Please Mark (√)

CONFIDENTIAL (Contains information of high security or of

great importance to Malaysia as STIPULATED
under the OFFICIAL SECRET ACT 1972)
RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as determined
by the Organisaion/Institution where research
was conducted)
FREE ACCESS

Approved by,

(MOHAMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN MD (PROF. MADYA DR. NOOR YASMIN BINTI

SAID) ZAINUN)

NO.7, JALAN 8/11, TAMAN DAHLIA FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

BANDAR BARU SALAK TINGGI, ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN
43900, SEPANG, SELANGOR ONN MALAYSIA

Date: _______________________ Date: _________________________

NOTE:
** If this Undergraduate Project Report is classified as CONFIDENTIAL or
RESTRICTED, please attach the letter from the relevant authority/organization stating
reasons and duration for such classifications.
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MAPPING OF SLOPE FAILURE IN JOHOR USING GEOTAGGING METHOD

MOHAMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN MD SAID

A project report submitted in partial

fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

FEB 2019
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I hereby declare that the work in this project report is my own except for quotations
and summaries which I have duly acknowledged.

Student : …………………………………….
Mohamad Hafizuddin Bin Md Said
Date : …………………………………….

Supervisor : …………………………………….
PROF. MADYA DR. NOOR YASMIN BINTI ZAINUN
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DEDICATION

My beloved Family,
My Father
Md Said Bin Surip,
My Mother
Mariamah Bt Dungklak,
My Supervisor
Prof Madya Dr. Noor Yasmin Binti Zainun,
My Friend
Nor Fazierah Binti Ismail
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah, The Most Gracious and Merciful.

All praises be to Allah, for with His grace and mercy that I was able to
complete this final year research project successfully. Firstly, I would like to express
my deepest appreciations to my wonderful and outstanding supervisors, Prof. Madya
Dr. Noor Yasmin Binti Zainun. Thanks to Prof. Madya for her hard word to ensure I
can completed and success of this study. Prof. Madya had been generous with time,
assistance, completely advice, encouragement and support me hundred percent gave
me the strength to carry on with this study until its completed. The supervision that
supervisors gave truly helped in progression and smoothness of my project. This
study would never been completed without my supervisor interest and
encouragement.

Never forget the person that always be with me that I would also like to
indicated my outmost love and gratefulness to my family especially my parents Md
Said Bin Surip and Mariamah Bt Dungklak, thank you because always there to uplift,
pray and love me unconditionally. Greatest thanks to all my friends especially Nor
Fazierah Binti Ismail for giving the support, teaching, helped me, motivate and
cheering me up at all times in this study.

Last but not least, thank you to the panel that had given me an advice to
ensure I can achieve my goal as student. Lastly, I would like to give my deepest
thanks to everyone who had involved in the same way or another for helping through
thick and thin during this marvelous adventure in completing this bachelor degree.

Thank you.
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ABSTRACT

Slope is a measure of steepness or the degree of inclination of a feature relative to the

horizontal plane. Slope is usually expressed as a percentage, an angle, or a ratio. One
of phenomenon or incident of a slope was called as slope failure or landslide. Slope
failure was a major natural disasters that had effected the country in terms of injuries,
deaths, property damage, disruption and destruction of services, public
inconvenience and economic as well as financial losses. Slope failure cases was very
serious geologic hazard disaster that happened in most countries around the world. In
this study, the location of case study is in Johor. Johor is a state in the south of the
Malaysia Peninsular that shares maritime borders with Singapore to the south and
Indonesia to the west and east. There was a factor in the possibility of a slope failure
because Indonesia was among the most frequent earthquakes that can caused some
areas in Johor to be affected. There are many method can be used to map slope
failure, for example geographic information systems (GIS) used to mapping slope
failure and identify category of slope failure. By using SWID Web system in
Geotagging method, user can easily image processing to identify the zones of
potential slope failure. The data will be collected in the vicinity of Johor. Refer to six
factors of slope failure by Anbalagan (1992), and calculate using LHEF method to
identify and mapping slope failure categories follow a new scale of potential slope
failure by Simon et. al.,(2009)
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ABSTRAK

Cerun adalah ukuran curam atau derajat kecenderungan ciri relatif dengan dengan
paksi mendatar. Cerun biasanya dinyatakan sebagai peratusan, sudut, atau nisbah.
Salah satu fenomena atau kejadian cerun disebut sebagai kegagalan cerun atau tanah
runtuh. Kegagalan cerun adalah bencana alam utama yang telah memberi kesan
kepada negara dari segi kecederaan, kematian, kerosakan harta benda, gangguan dan
pemusnahan perkhidmatan, kesulitan awam dan kerugian ekonomi dan juga
kewangan. Kes kegagalan cerun adalah bencana geologi yang sangat serius yang
berlaku di kebanyakan negara di seluruh dunia. Dalam kajian ini, lokasi kajian kes di
Johor. Johor adalah sebuah negeri di selatan Semenanjung Malaysia yang berkongsi
sempadan maritim dengan Singapura di selatan dan Indonesia di barat dan timur.
Terdapat faktor kemungkinan kegagalan cerun, kerana Indonesia adalah antara
sebuah negara yang kerap berlakunya gempa bumi yang dapat menyebabkan
beberapa kawasan di Johor terjejas. Terdapat banyak kaedah yang dapat digunakan
untuk memetakan kegagalan cerun, contohnya sistem maklumat geografi (GIS) yang
digunakan untuk memetakan kegagalan cerun dan mengenalpasti kategori kegagalan
cerun. Dengan menggunakan sistem Web SWID dalam kaedah Geotagging,
pengguna boleh memproses imej dengan mudah untuk mengenalpasti zon berpotensi
kegagalan cerun. Data akan dikumpulkan di sekitar Johor. Rujuk kepada enam faktor
kegagalan cerun oleh Anbalagan (1992), dan hitung menggunakan kaedah LHEF
untuk mengenalpasti dan memetakan kategori kegagalan cerun mengikut skala
kegagalan cerun baru dari Simon et al. al., (2009).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE i

DECLARATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT v

ABSTAK vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii – x

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF FIGURES xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of study 1–3

1.2 Problem Statement 3-4

1.3 Objective 4

1.4 Scope of Study 4-5

1.5 Report organization 5-6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7

2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Definition of slope 7–8

2.3 Slope stability and Slope failure 8–9

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2.3.1. Type slope failure movement 9

2.3.1.1. Flow 10
2.3.1.2. Falls 11
2.3.1.3. Slides 12 -13
2.3.1.4. Topples 14
2.3.1.5. Spreads 14 - 15

2.4 Factors of Slope Failure 15 – 16

2.5 Geographic Information Sytem (GIS) 17 – 20

2.5.1. GIS Functions 20

2.5.2. GIS data management 21
2.5.2.1. Spatial data 21 - 22
2.5.2.2. Attribute data 22 - 23
2.5.3. Advantages GIS 23
2.6 Geotagging Method 23 – 24
2.6.1 Geospatial location 24
2.6.2 Tagging 24 - 25
2.6.3 Geotagging software 25 -26
2.7 Observation study 26 - 27
2.7.1 SWID Web 27
2.7.1.1 Function of SWID Web 28 - 33
2.7.1.2 Advantage using SWID Web 33

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 34

3.1 Introduction 34

3.2 Research Flow Chart 35

3.3 Factor of slope failure 36

3.4 Data collection 36

3.5 Calculation of slope failure using LHEF method 36 – 39

3.6 Slope failure categories 39 – 41

3.7 Mapping 41
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CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 42

4.1 Expected result 42

REFERENCES 43 – 46
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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Difference between vector and raster data

Table 2.2 Social media tools with geotagging capabilities

Table 2.3 List of menu in Navigation Menu

Table 3.1 The weighting value of each class in the fitness factor

Table 3.2 Land classes of the study area together with weighted grades for each

class

Table 3.3 A new scale in the assessment of potential slope failure

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Part of slope failure

Figure 2.2 Flow movement of slope failure

Figure 2.3 Falls movement of slope failure

Figure 2.4 Rotational slides

Figure 2.5 Translational slides

Figure 2.6 Topples movement of slope failure

Figure 2.7 Spreads movement of slope failure

Figure 2.8 Brief information flow system

Figure 2.9 GIS across many Diciplines, professions, and organizations

Figure 2.10 GIS or Spatial analytics

Figure 2.11 The geotagging process

Figure 2.12 Flow diagram of the SWID Web

Figure 2.13 Interface of SWID Web system

Figure 3.1 Research flow cart

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

GIS - Geographic Information System

GPS - Global Positioning System

DBMS - Database Management System

SWID - Solid Waste Illegal Dumping