A PROJECT REPORT

ON
PROPOSED VOCATIONAL CENTER FOR ILORIN WEST
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE

BY
ABDULMUMINI SHERO MOHAMMED
HND/17/ARC/FT/011

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY,

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES (IES),

KWARA STATE POLYTECHNIC, ILORIN.

INPARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN
ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY.

AUGUST, 2019

i
 CERTIFICATION
This project has been duly authenticated and endorsed as
having satisfied the requirements for the award of higher national
diploma {HND} in Architectural Technology, Institute of Environmental
Studies, Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin.

________________________ ________________________
ARC CHUKWUMA NMOM SIGNATURE/DATE
(Project Supervisor)

________________________ ________________________
MRS. J.M TOMORI SIGNATURE/DATE
(Project Coordinator)

________________________ ________________________
ARC CHUKWUMA NMOM SIGNATURE/DATE
(Head of Department)

________________________ ________________________
EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR SIGNATURE/DATE

ii
 DEDICATION

In the name of Allah the most compassionate, the most merciful.

Glory be to the almighty Allah who in his infinite mercy gave me the
privilege and opportunity to study and complete my HND program
with perfect sound health.

I personally dedicate this project to almighty Allah, for the

success of this project. And who crown all my effort to go through this
programme with maximum satisfaction, he is all in all that gives me
the strength and power to overcome all the problems in the battle of
journey.

I also dedicate this project to my indefatigable and loving parent

Dr Yaru salihu, Mall. Suleiman koto and Mrs. Suleiman Hawau, and
to my unforgettable mother Mrs. Salihu TalatuRabiat, not enough
word to how grateful i am for your support both financially, spiritually,
physically and morally throughout my HND programme, May Almighty
Allah allows you to enjoy the fruit of your labour. Amin.

iii
 ACKNOLEDGEMENT

All adoration and glory to Almighty Allah, the maker of my life

and destiny, the creator of mankind and the universe, the alpha and
omega, the beginning that has no end, unseen creator that sees all
creatures, uncreated that creatures, all things, immortal, immutable
changer. He is the one that processed my admission into this great
citadel of learning in the first place and later the completion of my
academic progamme a reality. To him that led me through the ups and
downs, all I have to say is Alhamdulillah all praise be to almighty
Allah.

First and foremost my sincere appreciation goes to my

supervisor in person of Arc. ChukwumaNmom, Head of Department
(HOD) for his constructive ideas during the struggle time of my
project.

My heart felt regard to my adorable parent Dr. Yaru salihu Mall.

Suleiman Koto and Mrs. Suleiman Hawau for their parental care,
training, advice, most especially to my able daddy, mentor, adviser in
all ramifications in person of Dr. Yaru salihu ; I pray to Almighty
Allah to bestow/shower his blessing on you for you to enjoy the fruit
of your labour, May all your efforts shall never be in futility. Amen.

I pray that God almighty will give you long life and prosperity to
reap the fruit of your labour. Aamin.

My sincerely appreciations goes to my amiable uncles, Mr. Yusuf

Abubakar, Mr. Yusuf IssaShero, Mr. Elastic B. Koto, BagidiAliyu and
AyubaSeko.

I also appreciate my siblings Yaru Aliyu, Yaru Aminu, Hamza,

and Danjuma and also to my lovely sisters YakubuSherifat Bona,
Yaru Hawau Bona, Yaru Maryam and Y. Jemilat, and to my entire
iv
family members that I cannot mentions here for their support morally,
spiritually, may almighty Allah bless you all. Aamin.

I will be obviously ungrateful, if I forget to appreciate the efforts

of my beloved father in person of Mall. AdamuAbdulmuminiSuroku,
GunuAbdullahi, and Mr. Ahmed Gunu. May you enjoy the fruit of your
labour.Aamin.

My fervent appreciation goes to my able brother, mentor and a

role model in person of MR ABUBAKAR BORO SALIMAN, ADAMU
TORI. May almighty Allah bless you abundantly, Amin

I am also indebted to express my gratitude to Hon. RT Salihu

YakubuDanladi speaker of State House of Assembly.

I also acknowledge the effort of Architectural department of

Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin, Arc ChukwumaNmom, Alh. J.M
Tomori, Arc Familua Solomon, and my brothers in the field of
Architecture Arc Musa Yunus and among others that i cannot mention
here, May God bless you all.

I will be highly ungrateful if I fail to appreciate the effort of the

following people who had impacted me positively and practically in the
field of architecture, Alh. Arc AlegeSaefullah, Arc Amada A.T and the
entire SPACE AND FORM NIG. LTD and also to my able mentors/
brothers MR ABUBAKAR SALIMAN BORO, MR SULEIMAN AFEEZ
AJAO, AKEWUSHOLA , MR ADANLA, MR DAMILOLA OGUNBIYI, I also
appreciate my colleagues in the department of architectural students
are as follows and those that I cannot mention here , GARBA AZEEZ,
YUSUF LAFIA, IDRIS LEKAN, WALIU ISHOLA, MAIMUNAT SOLATY,
KAYODE OKE , HAMZA SAHEED, AZED and also the entire executives
of National Association of Kwara State Students NAKSS), Muslim

v
society student MSS} for their support in every aspect. I say a very big
thank s to you all. Zajakumllahkhaira. Amin

The last but not the least, my appreciation goes to all my course
mates and friends whose names I cannot mention here , I say you
guys are so wonderful and more than friends to me, MAY ALL OUR
EFFORTS SHALL NEVER BE IN FULTILITY AND MAY WE ENJOY
THE FRUITS OF OUR HARD WORKS. AMEEN.

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 ABSTRACT
This design project covers the developmental nature of vocational
studies centre including the relevant influence of these studies centre on
their immediate environment. Chapter one covers the historical
background, introduction, definition, scope of the study, justification etc.
while Chapter two covers the relevant/related literature and the case
study. Chapter three on the other hand covers fact about the proposed
site which includes; Brief history of Ilorin, the climatic consideration,
site location, site description, site analysis, existing infrastructure, site
selection criteria and site planning. Chapter four also cover project
concept, design scopes and briefs, analysis of the scopes and briefs,
details of the parapet / drainage, expansion joint, steel roof details and
space allocation etc. chapter five cover design solution e.g. acoustic,
ventilation, lighting, orientation, fire protection and control, services,
landscape design, construction specification and materials finishes and
maintenance while Chapter six cover project summary, conclusion and
reference.

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vii
Table of Contents viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 General Introduction 1
1.2 Definition of the Project 2
1.3 Historical Background 3
1.4 Project Justification 5
1.5 Aim 5
1.6 Objectives 6
1.7 Scope of the Project 6
1.8 Research Methodology 8
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Selected Case Studies 10
2.1 Case Study One at Igando, Lagos, Nigeria 11
2.2.1 Merits 11
2.1.2 Demerits 11
2.2 Case Study Two at Ibaa Lagos State, Nigeria 14
2.2.1 Merits 14
2.2.2 Demerits 14
2.3 Case Study three At Federal Polytechnic, Ede, Osun State. 17
2.3.1 Merits 17
2.3.2 Demerits 17
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Project Location 20
3.1 Historical Background Information 20

viii
3.2 Location and Setting down of the case study 21
3.3 Environmental Physical Features 23
3.4 Population 23
3.5 Social Services 24
3.5.1 Road 24
3.5.2 Health Services 24
3.5.3 Water and Electricity 24
3.6 General Dramatic Condition 24
3.6.1 Relative Humidity 24
3.6.2 Wind 25
3.6.3 Temperature 25
3.6.4 Vegetation 25
3.7 Site Analysis 25
3.7.1 Site Selection /Justification 25
3.7.2 Accessibility 26
3.7.3 Location 26
3.7.4 Infrastructure 26
3.7.5 Topography 26
3.7.6 Sort Structure 26
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Design Report 27
4.1 Design Brief 27
4.2 Design Analysis 27
4.3 Functional Relationship Diagram 28
4.4.1 Schedule of Accommodation 29
4.4.2 Design Concept /Planning Principle 30
4.4.3 Design Concepts 30
4.4.4 Planning Principle 30

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CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Appraisal of the Design 31
5.1 Characteristics of the Design 31
5.2 Building Structure 33
5.3 Services 33
5.4 General Requirement 34
5.4.1 Lighting 34
5.4.2 Orientation 34
5.4.3 Rain protection devices 35
5.4.4 Noise control device 35
5.5 Materials and Finishes 36
5.6 Summary 38
5.7 Conclusion 38
References 40
Appendixes 42

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

In most, if not all the states of federal republic of Nigeria there is

emerging a clear recognition that education is the great instrument for
man’s economy progress for his political survival, our public faith
system essentially has been unreserved total and bundles. That is why
in the last three decades, popular demands for education had growth
from year to year at an astronomical rate. There had been therefore, a
vital explosion in school enrolment at all level of education ranging
from pre-primary to tertiary institution. Such expansion has
necessitated over the years a great need for more institution building.

Of course, the cost of providing education had risen in equal

proportion to the increase in demand for education at all level, not
only had unit costs increased response to local and worldwide
inflationary trends in recent years. Cost has risen in respect of the
explosion in numbers. Besides, there is now a keen awareness by the
general public of the durability, nor the necessity of getting the
educational system to respond adequately to national and local
community needs and aspiration. Such concerned is reflected in the
mounting criticism, debates and continuing dialogues in the news
media, the national and state assemblies, conferences, seminars,
symposia and similar forum about the role of the school and entire
education system.

Experience has shown that nations have risen and fallen

depending upon how seriously they have perceived the role of
education in society. The trait of human history is marked by the
wreckage of those nations, which have used their education merely to
perpetuate what existed dynamic and progressive nation more of their

1
education system which takes leadership in piloting and manning a
present and a future which will assumes a better life for all.

The main objective of establishing vocational center in Ilorin west

local government area is to train the middle level manpower for
acceleration of the economic development of Kwara state in particular
and Nigeria in general.

Each of this school has grown from strength to strength and has
been upgraded to vocation studies. However, it is in the view of the
above fact that this project work proposed a building for the institute,
the building conveniently house all the courses under the institute of
vocational studies in a structural organize manner.

The finding in this project report is in chapter seven. Chapter

one highlights what institute of vocational is all about that is
definition of the project topic. Background information, project
justification, aims and objectives and interrelationship of the course
under the institute, project scope and research methodology, chapter
two deal s with the case studies of the similar project there merits and
the demerits and general deduction from case studies . Chapter three
stress the facts about the site i.e. characteristics, history of Ilorin west
local government area location and settings general climatic condition,
site selection analysis.

1.1 DEFINITION OF VOCATIONAL STUDIES

Vocational centre can be defined as a place set aside to enhance

the learning of vocational studies such as tailor, painting, makeup,
carpentry, fashion designer, catering, decorating and plumbing etc.

Functions of vocational studies, from the definition given above

are as stated below;

2
  For human society of empower communities, equipped with
skills to contribute to other personal well-being to that society.

 To become a successful entrepreneur to the society and affect

more employment for others.

1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT

Vocational Centre was first established by the British Empire in

the early 18th century through slavery system it was since that time in
existence till date the first vocational project has introduced in Nigeria
in year 1975 by Rtd Gen Yakubu Gowon mainly to create job
opportunities throughout the nation.

A brief history of vocational education) training student have

been training for specific vocations for thousands of years, just not in
the way we think of vocational training today.

Women learned domestic skills from their mothers, and young

men trained for specific trades under skilled professionals. Young
apprentices, for example, may have learned to shape swords by
shadowing the town’s blade smith. These types of hand-on, skills-
based learning has lasted throughout human history. As we have
developed, so has it.

The most notable development to U.S vocational education came

in the early 20th century. Before the Great Depression, society was
industrializing.

Agriculture was less lucrative, and children from rural areas

were showing up to attend schools that were already overcrowded.
Those schools were even less prepared for the influx of immigrant that
were arriving in the United States at the same time. Factories, on the
other hand, needed laborers and so did much in-demand trade

3
profession). Many workplaces employed young people, but the United
States passed its first child law in 1916, which began to limit child
labour, (it was no longer so widely accepted for young children to sit
beside their parents and learn a trade hands on many lobbyist deemed
it unsafe and cruel). So, to help schools deals with huge student
bodies U.S high schools began to offer vocational education programs.

But owing to the increasing rate of development and

modernization the centre now offers the following courses.

 Electrical electronic workshop

 Tye and dye

 Fashion studio

 Computer Studio

 Plumbing

 Carpentering.

However, after due consultation and deliberation with Kwara

state governing council in respect to National Board for Technical
Education( NBTE) acceptance that there should be modification and
adjustment from the former vocational centre to increase the rate of
programmes that is been run under the centre and to share the size
and population of students and to ensure effective co-ordination.

NB: some of the courses are run as part-time courses and some are
combine with related department.

The vocational centre studies comprises of the following

departments

4
 i. Electrical electronic workshop

ii. Tye and dye

iii. Fashion Department

iv. Computer Department

v. Plumbing Department

vi. Carpentering Etc.

1.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

There are some motivating factors, which justify the choice and
location of this project at Ilorin west local government.

One of it is major influencing factors is the creation of the new

vocational studies. Hence it become a thing of necessity of providing a
conducive and habitable environment to study for the new centre
since there present building is already outmoded, antiquated
dilapidated and cannot even meet the present need. This is important
because of the increasing rate of development and the number of
people admitted yearly.

1.4 AIM

The aim of this project is to achieve and establish adequate

communication link between various block within the vocational
centre and to provide a standard and functional centre that would
enhance effective studying environment.

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1.5 OBJECTIVES

1 To design a centre that will conveniently accommodate the number

of the population in the entire centre.

2 To achieve architectural balance with enduring a unique vocational

centre capable of serving the community tended to serve in terms of
accessibility, proximity, aesthetic and curriculum in modification
with modern.

3 To achieve design with the available materials and lower the cost of
construction by judicious choice of material and construction
system.

JUSTIFICATION

The proposed project is been justified due to provide a functional

and spacious structure that will meet the need for the immediate
sitting of the project so as to serve as acquisition centre for the youth
in the state.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 Administrative block

 Let-table shops

 Security House

 Parking Lots

 workshop Building

 Multipurpose hall

 Restaurant

 Sport Activities Arenas

6
BRIEF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT

ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK

1 Entrance vestible
2 Reception
3 Stair hall
4 General office
5 First aid office
6 Snacks room
7 Activities hall
8 Library
9 Conveniences
FIRST FLOOR

1 Waiting area
2 Toilets
3 General offices
4 Counseling office
5 Director’s office
6 Secretary office
7 Conference room
8 Library
9 Store
10 Stair hall
WORKSHOP BLOCK

 Reception
 Lecture rooms
 General office
 Male conveniences
 Female conveniences

7
  Computer studio
 Office
 Store
 Electrical electronic workshop
 Office
 Store
 Tye and dye
 Office
 Store
 Fashion studio
 Office
 Store
 Carpentering workshop
 Technologist office
 Store
 Plumbing workshop
 Technologist office
 Store
1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Various avenues were explored as regard the method of research

in order to arrive at a functional and appealing design concept. The
following research methods were employed.

Literature review: - reference to tolerance for ideas of various writer

were consulted in order to attain useful and important past
thesis work on similar project.

Oral interview:- practicing architects, engineers, allied professional

as well as students of various schools were interviewed and

8
 better deduction from their information sources also influence
the end design.

Personal observation: - personal initiations coupled with inquisitive

measure, interviewed and visitation was made in order to
actually visualize the daily activities that take place within the
required motive.

Case study:- This involves the thorough synthesis and analysis of

similar existing structure building based on the data collected
and better seduction was made for realization of the design best.

9
 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 SELECTED CASE STUDY

Case studies are of paramount important. It is an experimental

research or analysis carried out on existing building or group of
building functionally similar to the one which the researcher is
working.

For any technical design to be meaningful there always need for

preliminary research effort to be made on this proposal as a very
necessary groundwork.

The following case studies of some schools and management and

vocation studies centre both private and public were visited and
carried out these following institutions.

a. School of vocational studies centre located at Igando, Lagos

state.

b. School of entrepreneurship development centre for skills

acquisition centre at federal polytechnic Ede, Osun state,
Nigeria.

c. School of vocational studies centre located at Ibaa, Lagos state,

Nigeria.

d. Institute of vocational studies centre at Ajase international

training centre, Ajase, Kwara state.

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2.1 CASE STUDY ONE
INSTITUTE OF VOCATIONAL STUDIES CENTRE AT IGANDO, LAGOS
STATE, NIGERIA.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Africa Maritime Vocational Academy, Igando, Lagos State was

created in June 26 2008 by the Lagos state government during the
regime of Mr. BabatundeFashola (SAN) the school began its operation
from the present and permanent site located at 63/65, Moshasi Road,
Ega, Lagos State, Nigeria. The commenced academic activities with 30
students admitted into Jss1 and Jss2 classes. Today the population of
the school has risen to about 166.

These are the following courses been offered by this center

- Aluminium workshop
- Computer studio
- Electrical & electronic workshop
- Shoe making
- Fashion studio
- Catering

OBSERVATION

MERITS

 Properly landscape surrounding

 Properly built for its purpose
 It is cross ventilated

DEMERITS

 It was built in a noisy environment

 Poor drainage system

11
12
13
2.2 CASE STUDY TWO
INSTITUTE OF VOCATIONAL STUDIES CENTRE LOCATED AT
IBAA, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA.

KRISTOBELL INSTITUTE VOCATIONAL CENTRE was founded in

2005 with just eight students but has grown to over two hundred
(200) teachable child.

COURSES OFFERED

 Aluminum workshop
 Event decoration
 Computer studio (Graphic Design)
 Electrical & electronic workshop
 Catering

OBSERVATION
MERITS

 Easily accessible

 Adequate toilet facilities

 It was central located

DEMERITS

 Inadequate parking space

 The building is a mix-use building

 Poor ventilation for the classrooms

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2.3 CASE STUDY THREE
SCHOOL OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT CENTRE FOR SKILLS
ACQUISITION CENTRES AT FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, EDE OSUN STATE,
NIGERIA.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC EDE, OSUN STATE is a Nigeria

tertiary institution that was established in 1992, it is located in Ede, a
town in Osun state, south-western Nigeria. It is national diploma.

The school of vocational studies of federal polytechnic Ede was built in

2009 which is located at the polytechnic second gate, very close to the
institute of environmental studies.

COURSES OFFERED
 Tailoring
 Photographic studio
 Event decoration
 Tye& dye
 Hat and bead making
 Toiletry
OBSERVATION

MERITS

 Easily accessible from the gate

 Good security arrangement
 Adequate ventilation
 Lecture rooms are properly linked.
DEMERITS
 Poor landscape environment
 Poor drainage system
15
16
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 PROJECT LOCATION

3.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF KWARA STATE

Kwara, state, west-central Nigeria. It is bounded by Benin to the

west and by the Nigerian states of Niger to the north, Kogi to the east,
and Ekiti, Osun, and Oyo to the south.

Kwara state consists mostly of wooded savanna, but there are

forested regions in the south. Almost all of its savanna area was
conquered by the Fulani in the early 19th century, and the region
remained part of the greater Fulani Empire until the forces of Sir
George Goldie’sRoyal Niger Company defeated the emirs of Nupe and
Ilorin in 1897. It was incorporated into the Protectorate of Northern
Nigeria in 1900, in the amalgamated Colony and Protectorate of
Nigeria in 1914, and in the Northern region in 1954; Kwara state was
created in 1967, when the federal military government divided Nigeria
into 12 new states. In 1976, when 19 states were formed, it lost to
Benue state the three Igala divisions east of the Niger River. In 1991 it
lost some of its territory in the northwest to Niger state and some of its
territory in the southeast to the newly created Kogi state.

Kwara is one of the least densely populated regions in the

country. Most of its inhabitants, chiefly Yoruba, Nupe, Bokobaru, and
Baruba peoples, are Muslims engaged in farming. Yams, corn (maize),
sorghum, millet, onions, and beans are the most important staple
crops; rice and sugarcane are significant cash crops in the Niger
floodplains. Cotton and tobacco are grown, and cotton weaving,
pottery making, and the making of raffia mats are the traditional
crafts.

17
 Ilorin, the state capital and largest town, is an industrial and
education centre. It has food-processing and iron-working industries
and is the site of a university (1975) and a state polytechnic college.
Jebba is another industrial town, with a pulp and paper mill and
sugar refinery. A hydroelectric dam (completed in 1984) that forms
part of the Niger Dams Project is situated at Jebba.

Formations with marble occur northwest of Ilorin. Tantalite

deposits are located southwest of Pategi, near the Niger River. Offa and
Pategi are important market towns and centres of traditional
industries.

The museum (1966) at Esie houses many half-life-size human

figures in stone, and on Jebba Island in the Niger River there are early
16th-century bronze figures from the Kingdom of Nupe.

Kwara state’s transportation facilities include river-borne

transport on the Niger, now made navigable by locks at the Kainji
Dam (in Niger state), up to Yelwa in Kebbi state. The main highway
from Lagos passes through Ilorin and Jebba; it is paralleled through
the state by the trunk railway from Lagos. The state also has a good
network of local roads. Area 14,218 square miles (36,825 square km).
Pop. (2006) 2,371,089.

3.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Ilorin West is a local government area in Kwara State, with

headquarters in Oja Oba. Ilorin West local government area is
in Kwara Central Senatorial District alongside Asa, Ilorin East, Ilorin
South and Offalocal government areas. Ilorin West local government
area also forms a federal constituency alongside Asa local government
area.

18
 Ilorin West local government area covers an area of 105 km². The
local government area is bounded to the north by Moro local
government area, to the east by Ilorin East and Ilorin South local
government areas, to the south by Asa and Ifelodun local government
areas, and to the west by Asa local government area.

With a population of 365,221 as at the 2006 national population

census, Ilorin West local government area is the biggest local
government area by population in Kwara State.
The Government of Ilorin West
The Ilorin West local government council is in charge of public
administration in Ilorin West. The council is led by a chairman who is
the executive head of the local government. The Ilorin West legislative
council make laws governing Ilorin West local government area. It
consists of 12 Councillors representing the 12 wards of the local
government area.
Wards in Ilorin West
There are 12 wards in Ilorin West local government area
of Kwara State. The 12 wards in Ilorin West local government area are:
 Adewole
 Ajikobi
 Baboko
 Badari
 BalogunAlanamu central
 MagajiNgeri
 Ogidi
 Ojuekun/Zarumi
 Oko Erin
 Oloje
 Ubandawaki
 Warrah/EgbeJila/Oshin

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3.3 PHYSICAL FEATURE OF THE LOCATION

Ilorin city with her location on the longitude 40 0E and latitude of

80 26N is seated on an undusting plain with an elevation of 11,000ft
above sea level in the south and 1030ft above sea level in the north.
The town is situated about 48km north of the watershed between the
Atlantic basin and the Niger river and basin, which possess a distance
of about 55km further, into north of sea west, which stretches about
300km in the south.

The town is drained by three main streams namely:

1. River Oyun: Flowing North West in the distance of about 4km

coast of the town.
2. River Asa: Which roughly bisect the town into east and west
blocks along its course.
3. River moro: Passing at about 6km west of the city on its north
east course to later join with river Awon which discharge into
River Niger at Jebba in the North east. The general landscaped is
gentle undulating topography with soft rounded hill, on few river
valleys and some high granite of dummy shape contract locality
with general moderate morphology.

3.4 POPULATION OF KWARA STATE

The population of Kwara State according to the 2006 national

census was around 2.3 million. It is, however, expected to more than
that now. Although, Kwara State is not among the top most populated
states in Nigeria.

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3.5 SOCIAL SERVICES

3.5.1 ROAD

The tarred regional roads passes through Ilorin and Jebba, Ilorin
and Offa are one of the major road in the town, the school tap its
access road from the major road. Another road that is of greater
importance Ibrahim Taiwo Road which link up with the Ilorin to
Ibadan road.

3.5.2 HEALTH SERVICE

Among other social infrastructural facilities in the school is

health service center and in the town indeed government owned
general hospital, private hospital, clinic and maternity home.

3.5.3 WATER AND ELECTRICITY

There are pipe borne water networks and boreholes water which
serves as the inhabitant of Ilorin its environs. There is electricity
supply from IBEDC (NEPA) that serve the institute and Kwara state in
general

3.6 GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITION

Ilorin, site of Kwara state falls under the climatic region referred
to as guinea savannah and in the middle belt of the country.

3.6.1 RELATIVE HUMIDITY

The town is under the influence of high humidity throughout the

year with a monthly relatively humidity remaining above 66% . This is
even higher between May and September with a relatively humidity
figure of about 80% average as shown in fig. 12

21
3.6.2 WIND

There two prevailing wind namely: The rain bearing south-west

monsoon wind which blows across the Atlantic ocean between the
monthly of May and October. This is called wet season.

The dusty north-east trade wind which laden with dust blows
through the Sahara desert during the month of November to April with
very little rainfall toward April. This is called dry season and its brings
along Harmattan during its driest period as shown in the Fig. 13.

3.6.3 TEMPERATURE

The monthly average temperature is quite uniform having

February and March as the hottest months recording a higher average
of about 480c (about 850f). July and August are coolest (lowest
monthly average of 760F).

3.6.4 VEGETATION

The proposed site is covered with grasses, few trees and shrubs.
Some will be removed before the construction while some will be retain
for ornamentation

3.7 SITE ANALYSIS

3.7.1 Site selection/justification

In the site selection provision is made for interesting facilities

that worth emulating since the overall success and efficiency of any
project depend not only on the functionality of the design but also
careful choice of site. The site of this project has been carefully
selected which is located in the premises of the Kwara state, Ilorin
along Hajji Camp Road, Gaa-Odota Opposite Lubcon Staff resident
building as appears on the layout plan of Kwara state.

The following factors affect the site selection

22
 i. Accessibility
ii. Location
iii. Infrastructural facilities
iv. Topography
v. Soil structure

ACCESSIBILITY
The site is easily accessible from Ilorin to Lagos/Ibadan express
road that links to HAJJI CAMP ROAD, GAA-ODOTA ILORIN, KWARA
STATE.

LOCATION
Site location: It is a well located site because, the site is very
quiet and (there is no noise). The site is conducive and effective for
learning, it is a very wide land suitable for the proposed project.

INFRASTRUTURAL FACILITIES
Facilities such as water, electricity, telephone network and road
network etc. Hence it can easily be tapped to the proposed site.

TOPOGRAPHY
The topography of the land is gentle slope towards east which
can assist for the construction of drainage on site.

SOIL STRUCTURE
The soil has a very high load bearing capacity, thus, the
structure will lie in hard crust and firm land.

23
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DESIGN REPORT

4.1 DESIGN BRIEF
After research and planning, the next step in the series of the
project programme is design itself. To achieve functional and well
aesthetic design there must be a brief to work on. This brief depends
generally on the scope of individual design. The brief of this project is
therefore based on the various activities that take place in the
institute of vocational studies.
To have enough brief for the proposed institute case studies were
carried out on the existing schools both in the Nigeria universities and
polytechnics. The studies also give me the opportunity to know the
nature of the causes offered in the schools and how related to each
other.
The institute of vocational studies train six different department,
they are computer studio, tye and dye, electrical engineering,
plumbing, fashion, design and carpentry.

4.2 DESIGN ANALYSIS

This is the process of itemizing units within the components of
the entire design with a view to establishing a solid understanding and
appreciation of the space relationships.

24
SPACE ALLOCATION

ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING
S/N UNITS L x B m2 AREA
1. Entrance 13.6 x 6.0 81.6
2. Reception Hall 13.6 x 6.0 81.6
3. Activities hall/seminar 15.0 x 21.0 315
4. General office 6.0 x 6.0 36
5. Snack room 3.6 x 5.0 13
6. Conveniences 0.9 x 21.0 18.9
7. Lobby/wash hand basin 5.0 x 2.0 10
8. First Aid 4.2 x 6.0 25.2
9. Office 4.2 x 6.0 25.2
10. Show room 12.0 x 21.0 252
11. Directors office 6.0 x 4.2 25.2
12. Secretary office 3.0 x 6.0 18
13. Counsellor office 7.0 x 6.0 47.6
14. Toilet 1.8 x 2.1 3.78
15. Star Hall 3.2 x 6.0 19.2
16. Conference room 13.6 x 6.0 81.6
17. Computer room 9.0 x 6.0 54
18. Library 12.0 x 21.0 25.2
19. Bursary office 7.0 x 7.6 53.2
20. Toilet 1.8 x 2.1 3.78
21. Accountant office 6.0 x 7.6 45.6
22. Toilet 1.8 x 2.1 3.78
Total 1,520.62

25
 WORKSHOP BUILDING
S/N UNITS L x B m2 AREA
1. Computer studio 12.0 x 12.0 144
2. Store 4.0 x 7.6 30.4
3. Office 4.2 x 4.2 17.6
4. Reception 7.0 x 7.8 54.6
5. Fashion studio 20.0 x 12.0 240
6. Gallery/discussion area 16.0 x 10.0 160
7. Store 68 x 4.0 272
8. Office 4.2 x 4.2 17.64
9. Carpentry Workshop 20.0 x 12.0 240
10. Carpentry yard 11.5 x 12.0 230
11. Store 6.8 x 4.0 27.2
12. Office 4.2 x 4.2 17.64
13. Electrical Electronic workshop 13.0 x 12.0 156
14. Office 5.0 x 5.0 25.0
15. Store 6.8 x 4.0 27.2
16. Plumbing 6.0 x 10 60
17. Office 5.0 x 5.0 250
18. Store 6.8 x 40 27.2
19. Tye and dye 6.0 x 10.0 60
20. Office 5.0 x 5.0 25.0
21. Store 6.8 x 40 27.2
Total 2108.68

26
DESIGN CONCEPT/PLANNING PRINCIPLE

DESIGN CONCEPT

Firstly the process of analysis is the design into the necessary

units required for the design in based on the data collected through
research methodologies.

Secondly, the grouping of the various together according to their

relationship with one another also based on the data and information
gathered.

The concept of the design was arrived at from the functional

relationship and bubble diagrams prepared out of the design brief
which is based on the activities performed within the institute school.
The relationship of these various activities with one another within
different units that makes up the design and also based on the zoning
in accordance with the level of noise product by each unit.

PLANNING PRINCIPLE

The planning principle is one of the most important aspect of

any design. The planning of various units taking into consideration
the activities performed in each unit, how they are related to one
another and the users of the various units in the design.

In respect to the design above factors, the building is divided into

two blocks. The first block is the administrative building; while the
second block is the workshop building which is very close to the
admin.

In respect to the sit zoning, the safe zoning is divided into three
parts. The first division as semi quite area while third division C is
quite and noisy area.

27
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 DESIGN APPRAISAL

In any project design, there are two basic factors that should be
taken into consideration. These factors are functionality and
aesthetics and functionality of any building are incompatible but in
the case of this project, both aesthetic and functionality of the design
were taken care of to satisfy the highly demanded functional
requirement and to create aesthetically and proportionally balanced
design.

the functional efficiency of institute of Vocational studies

depends largely on the encloseness of the immediate section that are
strongly related in function all these are being taken up as seen on the
site and floor plans respectively.

5.1 DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

The idea of planning a good surrounding involves from the

primary function. It gives a good aesthetic view to the structure; it
enhances the psychological feeling of the public, making use of the
area: it make the entire environment healthy, as an adage says
"cleanliness is next to godliness". A clean and well planned site is a
healthy environment in view of these following had been adopted in
planning the site.

1. LANDFORM: As earlier discussed under the topography the land

is gentle slope hence it will effect good planning.

2. TREES: Trees are planted within the institute building to effect

natural ventilation. Trees which will not be more than 2.5m high
when grown are to be planted at reasonable spacing to provide
28
 shade for the cat park. shrubs and trees such as Amelina,
Aborea, Flamboyant, Allernande etc. will goo foliage are to
planted along the fence and some strategies places within the
site to provide shade and serve as sun's and wig breakers. the
trees also reduce the atmospheric temperature arid release of
oxygen during photosynthesis makes the atmosphere cold.

3. GRASSES: Grasses give good impression of an environment and

also protect the land surface from erosion for this project,
bahama grass is recommended for all the lawn area. Some
courtyard that are busy are covered with lawns, fines grasses
like Kikuyu grass planted in the courtyard nd some part are
cemented for relaxation purpose.

4. FLOWER BEDS: A well planned flower arrangement gives

aesthetic to environment. Flower are grown along the walkways
around the main building generally except where it can obstruct
vehicular pedestrian movement. Flower such as splender,
Bryphallion roses, lady on boat, ice plant etc. are planted.

5. HEDGES: Hedges are also planted along some part of the

walkway. In the courtyard while shrubs are also used along
vehicular ways.The following shrubs are used for the hedge.
Dodoneaviscosal (Josorevet). The vital (bush mil)
casavatinalequstifolic (Whistling pie). Shrub such as spotted
croton. Euphobiasplender (desert rose) are planted for their
beautiful leaves and good scents also for ornamentation.

6. PARKING SPACE: Parking lots are located in front of

administrative offices to service the administrative. Loading send
concrete block should be Portland cement delivered in good
condition to the construction site all the instruction given in civil

29
 engineering drawing will be thoroughly and strictly adhered to in
order to avoid failure. The walkways should be constructed of
concrete roof laid to fall with 2 layer of bitumen fact. The roof
member should be firmly secured. The mortar bed should at
least 25mm thick bond of block should be stretcher bond.

5.2 BUILDING STRUCTURE

The whole institute building has administrative building complex

and workshop building which makes the environment more
comfortable for both the student and the staff in that environment.
The story building supported by beans and column at appropriate
intervals. Most modern school buildings are usually constructed by
introducing grid into the design. This make for easy and accurate
consideration of frame structure used in school buildings. There are
two types of grid system:

1. Modular grid

2. Structure grid

For this project, structure grid system was employed in filled

sandcrete blocks were used for all the retaining walls of the institute.
The roofing system used for the lecture theatre is steel truss roofing.

Some part concrete roof where also used along with timber the
prevalent damage usually caused by termites is prevented by the
application termaterum treatment like Gamalin 20 solignum etc.

5.3 SERVICE

Electricity is tapped from the nearest pole of the institute

building. The main water pipeline is closely located to the site where
drinking water can be tapped telephone line is within the polytechnic
which makes connection easy.
30
 The entire roof drains runs to the surrounding gutter which
finally drains to the main gutter along the public drainage all the solid
and liquid wastes are effectively disposed of by the soak away pits and
septic tanks, a central AC system shall be fixed where appropriate.

5.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

5.4.1 LIGHTING

This is a means of providing brightness naturally by sun or

moon or artificially by lamps. Good natural and artificial lighting is
important in lecture rooms, students and library. It is always easy to
make mistake and the eye in a situation poor lightning floor. For the
purpose of this project, effort is made as much as possible to light up
the entire building naturally before the use of artificial lighting.

In this project, to obtain maximum lighting more openings are

provided for the lecture rooms, studios, seminar hall and library.
Artificial source of light will still be provided for in case where there is
call for the use of it at night or in a situation where the weather
condition warrants it.

5.4.2 ORIENTATION

The orientation of a building involves the arrangement of the

building forward or away from the sunrays, across or along the trade
winds normally determines the thermal comfort in the building. In
view of these, the building is oriented in the safe plan in such a way
that be short facts is facing the east with no opening at all and the fact
away from the sunrays and forward the north east trade wind and
south west monsoon wind to produce thermal comfort since the facet
towards the sun always tap temperature the sun and the long facet
away from the sun but long the trade winds will always tap the
advantage of other winds while the harsh effect of the north east trade
31
wind will be reduced by planting trees along the side facing it. This will
enhance permeable screening order words serving as wind breaker.

5.4.3RAIN PROTECTION DEVICES

The rainfall of a place generally determines the living condition

and all comfort associated with that environment hence provision
should be made for fast dispersal of the rain as well as associated
condition with rainfall. This calls for the need to study the nature of
rainfall of the area. To control the heavy rainfall during the wet season
(April-October). The use of simply sloppy system roofing has been
adapted. This is provided with roof gutter system which is linked to
the ground drainage network by the use of P.V.C drain pipes with
damp proof membrane laid on the parapet wall of the roof gutter.

Damp proof draught proof materials are used by various joint of

the roof to withstand the passage of rain water.

25mm thickness is used for rendering so that water absorbed

from the external wall will not reflect on the internal side of the wall.

5.4.4 NOISE CONTROL DEVICE

This is an unpleasant sound of ten louded harsh. Excessive

noise and vibration can cause fatigue, leading to errors and general
dissatisfaction in the classrooms, studio, library and semi-hall.
External noise could be easily controlled with the aid of landscape
materials and rough setbacks.

The workshop departments is separated from the administrative

building with the use of comfier in the workshop building and
landscape element such as tree, shrubs, are introduced as buffer
zones that is noisy- semi-noisy and quiet zone.

32
 Acoustic ceiling tiles offer much help reducing overall noise level
thus it is recommended for the school offices, lecture rooms,
departmental studios, library and other units where conversation are
confidential in nature e.g. the board room.

5.5 MATERIAL AND FINISHES

The influence of building material on construction works in

Ilorin and its environs is similar to what prevail in the middle belt of
the country. In the south the rainfall encourage the use of parapet
wall to reduce falling out of the roof by heavy wind (either North-East
or South-West trade wind). Concrete/Sandcrete blocks in regular
moulds are often used for wall construction with a standard of
100mm, 150mm and thickness.

The material choice and finishes are influence by a number of factors

such as follows:

i. The durability an suitability of materials

ii. Geology and topography of the site
iii. Availability of material
iv. The climate condition
v. Properties of materials
vi. The coast of the materials
ROOF

In Guinea Savannah region such as Ilorin where there is fair

rainfall, roof should preferably be of light weight construction with
parapet covering it and the external surface should absorb as little
solar energy as possible. For these reasons, long span
galvanizedaluminum roofing sheets is recommended for all parts of
the complex in addition to the reinforced concrete roof gutter and
concrete roof slab. Steel is recommended as roofing strimhire of the

33
lecture theater and other unit's timber are to be used.

CEILING

Suspended ceiling is used in some lecture roof with metal

hangers with fanny ceiling at suitable center to center. The ceiling
material is prepared to be attractive and easily cleaned. It should be of
moderate cost for the above reasons the recommendation furnishing of
all the offices is collotex expect the lecture theatre that acoustic
material is used to reduce the effect of the noise.

WALL

The structural walls of the building are to be constructed with

225mm engine molded sand/cement hollow blocks. The column and
beans are properly reinforcing with wall the wall whole applicable
column and beans are furnished with 25mm gauged smooth. Also
most if the unit are of framed structured which carried most of the
loads. Load bearing masonry wall are also used and furnished with
25mm thick wall rendering and finally painted according to colour
specification schedule in the toilet/lavatories, the wall are to be
furnished with ceramic tile to height of about 2100mm.

DOORS

The door type and size depends on the door location, but
generally range from paneled door to panel folding doors of sizes from
750mm for toilets to 2700mm for the lecture theatre, library and main
entrances to departments. Some doors are purposely made swinging
doors for durability, fire resistance and noise control.

34
WINDOWS

The windows that are to be used range from pivoted windows,

projected and Naco louvers blade with metal and aluminum frame.

COVERED WALKWAYS

The roofing to all covered walkways with the institute should be

made of reinforced concrete slab finish laid to fall two layers of
bitumen felt, the walking paying should be made of present concrete
slab finished roughly to prevent slippery when wet.

5.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Throughout the design process (from inception to the final

detailed drawing). Consideration has been given to a simple hut
functional design, which take care of all problem in the existing
institute of business and vocational studies. However this project is
part of the pace to a conventional institute of business and vocational
studies in any higher institution of learning.

Since design generally are affected by various factors ranging

from finance, nature of site, material choice and availability as well as
various other factors, the design could vary but the approach and
concept are basically within a range everywhere.

In conclusion, the deduction and experience learnt and gained

from the essential research which was carried out on the school of
business and vocational studies in some Nigerian Polytechnic and
Universities have extremely exposed me and of course the reader of
the project report to what is obtainable in school of business and
vocational studies in Nigeria.

Institution design, especially as I have realized from the research

has follow functions that follow one another. It also enables me to
35
know what is needed in school design, with particular reference of
business discipline. In my design, I have made sure that all the
functional aspect of the project was located at a particular point.

Finally, this project fulfills my ambition to contribute my own

quota to the enhancement of educational development of the school
generally in Nigeria.

36
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