ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;

Low Cost Farming

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysKd;a&;vkyfief;
Low Cost Farming (Burmese edition)

Drum Publication Group

P.O Box 66
Kanchanaburi 71000
Thailand

drum@drumpublications.org
www.drumpublications.org

May 2007

ii
rmwdum

ed'gef; v

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh

tqifh 1? ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;+cHudkyHk=urf;qGJjcif; 1

tqifh 2? pdkufysKd;&efajrae&mrsm;tqifoifhjyifqifxm;jcif; 7

tqifh 3? rsdK;aphESifhtyifi,fuav;rsm;tqifoifhjyifqifxm;jcif; 11

tqifh 4? pdkufysdK;jcif; 14

tqifh 5? a&odkavSmifjcif;ESifhoHk;pGJjcif; 23

tqifh 6? jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;aygif;oifckwfxGif±Sif;vif;jcif;ESifhtoHk;csjcif; 26

tqifh 7? ajr=oZmay;jcif; 28

tqifh 8? ydk;r$m;xdef;odrf;ESdrfESif;jcif; 33

tqifh 9? oD;ESH&dwfodrf;jcif;ESifhodkavSmifxm;jcif; 35

tqifh 10? rsdK;apha±G;jcif;ESifhodkavSmifxm;jcif; 41

iii
tusOf;csKyf 43

aemufqufwGJ 1? a&maESmpdkufysdK;a&;+cHtwGufowdjyKoifhonfhtcsufrsm; 45

aemufqufwGJ 2? ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;+cHwGifpdkufysdK;
onfhtyifrsm;ESifh±kuQaA'trnfrsm; 47

iv
ed'gef;

TvufpGJpmtkyfwGif pdkufysdK;a&;twGuf ukefusp&dwf enf;aprnfhenf;emrsm;ESifhaps;}uD;

onfh tjcm;ukef=urf;ypPnf;rsm; tay:rlwnf&ef rvdkawmha=umif;udk enf;pepfrsm;jzihf
±Sif;jyxm;+yD; ±kyfyHkrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;xm;ygonf? a'owpfckESifhwpfck pdkufysdK;onfh
tyifrsm;ESifh ,if;wdk@.oGifjyifvuQ%mrsm;onf a'owpfckpDtvkdufuGJjym;jcm;em;r_
rsm;±Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf; tylydkfif;a'otwGif;±Sd pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfom;rsm;tzdk@ Tpmtkyf
wGifygaom taxGaxGvkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk ,if;wdk@. ae&ma'orsm;wGifvnf; toHk;
ðyEdkifrnfjzpfonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyif ef;qdkonfrSmtb,fenf;/

ukefusp&dwfenf;aom pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;onf tedrfhtjrifhrwlaom tyiftrsdK;aygif;

30 – 50 txdudk txyfxyfpdkufysdK;ay;jcif;jzpfonf? ukefusp&dwfenf;aom pdkufysdK;
a&;vkyfief;twGuf vdktyfaomypPnf;rsm;ESifh ajr=oZm/ jrufyifaygif;yifESifh ydk;r$m;rsm;
xdef;odrf;jcif;/ qnfajrmif;oG,fjcif;ESifh odkavSmifjcif;wdk@twGuf vdktyfaomt&mrsm;udk
rdrd. pdkufysdK;cif;xJwGif &±Sd+yD; 0,f,l&efrvdktyfacs? ukefusp&dwfenf;aom pdkfufysdK;a&;
+cHtwGuf vdktyfaomtoHk;ypPnf;rsm;udk +cHwGif;rSmYyifjzpfap/ +cHvkyfief;vkyfaqmif&m
rS&±Sdvmaom ab;xGufypPnf;rsm;rSjzpfap odk@r[kwf vJvS,fjcif;rSjzpfap&±SdEdkifygonf?
tvkyform;rsm; iSg;&rf;&efrvdkyJ wpfcgwpf&H pdkufcif;wGif; rdom;pkrsm; 0dkif;0ef;vkyfaqmif
jcif;jzifh =unfh±_xdef;odrf;Edkifygonf?

tylydkfif;a'otwGif;±Sd 0ifaiGenf;aomolrsm;twGuf ukefusp&dwfenf;aom pdkufysdK;+cH

wGif obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk xda&mufpGmESifh oifhawmfaom enf;pepfrsm; toHk;ðyI
vkyfaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfonf?

v
tb,fhaMumifhukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;vkyf&efEId;aqmfrIrsm;jyKvkyf&
ygoenf;/

rsm;aomtm;jzifh tylydkif;a'o±Sdaus;vufa'orsm;wGif wpfESpftwGif;tdrfaxmifpkwpf

pk. 0ifaiGrSmtvGefenf;yg;onf? wpfcgwpf&Humvtwef=umpGm 0ifaiGr±SdyJjzpfwwf
onf? acwfrSDaompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifrsdK;aphrsm;/ ykd;owfaq;/ ajr=oZmESifh
pufypPnf;rsm;0,f&ef t&if;tESD;rsm;vdktyfonf? xdk@a=umifh 0ifaiGenf;aomv,form;
rsm;twGuf acwfrSDpdkufysdK;a&;vkyf&ef rwwfEdkif=uacs?

atmifjrifaompdkufysdK;a&;pepfqdk&mwGif a'owpfck.vlr_a&;/ pD;yGg;a&;tajctaeESifh

udkufnDr_±Sd&onf? tylydkif;a'otwGif;±Sd pdkufysdK;a&;tenf;i,fomvkyfaom v,f
orm;rsm;tzdk@ pdkufysdK;a&;vkyf&mwGif tukeftusoufomum xda&mufr_+yD;vG,fulI
a'oxGufypPnf;rsm;om oHk;aompepfudkom vdkvm;onf? Tpmtkyfuav;wGif tyl
ydkfif;a'owGif;vkyfaom pdkufysdK;a&;pepfudk okawoeðyI wifjyxm;ygonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aom pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;wGif t"duusaomt&mrSm tukeftus

oufomI a'ocHypPnf;rsm;udkoHk;jcif;jzpfonf? Z,m; 1 udk=unfhyg?

Z,m; (1) acwfrSDpdkufysdK;a&;ESifhtukeftusenf;aom pdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udkEdIif;

,SOfjyxm;yHk?

vkyfief;rsm; acwfrSDaompdkufysdK;a&;pepf tukeftusenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;

ydk;r$m;xdef;csKyfjcif; ydk;owfaq; (tqdyf) obm0ypPnf;rsm;toHk;csjcif;

(xif;jym/ ðiyfoD;/ =uufoGefjzL
ponfjzifh)

ajr=oZm "gwfajr=oZm tyifESifhwd&p>meftaqG;tjrnfhrsm;

vi
+cHpnf;±dk;tum a=u;eef;óud;+cHpnf;±dk; opfyif+cHpnf;±dk;

ajrjyifqifxm;jcif; v,fxGefpuf vufESifhoHk;aomypPnf;ud&d,mrsm;

tyiftrsdK;tpm; tyifwpfrsdK;wnf;pdkufjcif; tyifrsm;a&mpdkufjcif;

acwfrSDpdkufysdK;a&;pepfwGif aiGukefa=u;usrsm;jcif;ESifh =unfh±_xdef;odrf;&cufcJjcif;wpfck

wnf;r[kwfbJ ±SdvufppdkufysdK;&ma'oywf0ef;usiftwGuf qkwf,kwfr_rsm;jzpfay: ap
Edkifonf? ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;wGif oHk;aomt&mrsm;rSm pkdufysdK;ajrtwGuf
aumif;aom ypPnf;rsm;jzpf+yD; ajr}uD;rsm;udkydkI aumif;rGefapvmonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;pepfwGif rnfonfht&mrsm;xkwfvkyfygoenf;/

ukefusp&dwfenf;aom pdkufysdK;a&;pepf. &nf&G,fcsufrSmtyifrsm;udk txyfxyfpdkuf

jcif;/ tyiftrsdK;rdsK; a&maESmpdkufjcif;ESifh wd&p>mefi,fuav;rsm;arG;jrLjcif;/ tm[m&t
wGuftpm;tpmrsm;/ taqmuftOD;ypPnf;rsm;ESifh pdkufysdK;a&;twGuft"duvdktyfaom
t&mrsm; xkwfvkyfa&;twGufjzpfonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;NcH\vnfywfrIESifhwnfaqmufyHkrnfodkY½Sdoenf;/

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;+cHwGif –
• tdrfaxmifwpfcktwGuf vkdtyfaomae@pOftpm;tpmrsm;ay;jcif;
• pdkufysdK;xm;onfh oD;ESHrsm;udk wpfESpfvHk;eD;yg; &dwfodrf;EdkifonfhtwGuf tyif
wpfrsdK;wnf;pdkufxm;aom pdkufysdK;cif;rsm;uJhodk@ oD;ESHysufpD;jcif; tEW&m,fudk
avsmhenf;apEdkifonf?
• yHkrSef0ifaiG&aponf?

tpm;tpm/ / tm±SEdkifiHtrsm;pkwGifrdom;pk0ifaiG 75 &mcdkifE_ef;udktpm;tpmtwGuf

toHk;csonf? ukefusp&dwfenf;yg;aompdkufysdK;+cHwGif t&nftaoG;±Sdaomtpm;tpm
vii
rsm;udktqufrjywfxkwf,lEdkifonf? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf xkdpdkufysdK;+cHwGif yJtrsdK;rsdK;/
[if;oD;[if;±GuftrsdK;rsdK;/ tjrpftrsdK;rsdK;/ opfOopfzkrsm;/ tar$;t}udKifESifh opfoD;t
rsdK;rsdK; &±SdEdkifaoma=umifhjzpfonf? +cHxGuf[if;oD;[if;±GufESifh toD;tESHrsm;jzifh vHk
avmufpGm &±Sdojzifh rdom;pkrsm;twGuf tpm;tpm0,f&efrvdkawmhyJ tydkaiGrsm;udkpk
xm;+yD; tjcm;vdktyfr_rsm;twGuf toHk;csEkdifonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aom pdkufysdK;cif;rsm;wGif tpm;tpmudk t"duxm;I xkwfvkyf

aomfvnf; tjcm;ypPnf;jzpfaomxif;/ taqmuftOD;ypPnf;rsm;/ tdrfarG;wd&p>meft
wGuf taqmuftOD;rsm;/ tdrfarG;wd&p>meftpm;tpm/ y&aq;yifrsm;/ [if;±Guftar$;
t}udKifrsm;/ pm;qD/ tdrfaxmify&dabm*/ yef;uefcGufa,mufrsm;/ ,ufuef;ypPnf;rsm;
ESifh xnfhp&mbl;cGufrsm; &±SdEdkifonf?

pdkufysdK;a&;/ / ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;+cHrsm;onf oD;ESHysufpD;qHk;±_H;r_ tEW&,f

udk avsmhenf;ap+yD; wpfESpfvHk;twGuf tpm;tpmyHkrSefxkwfvkyfay;onf? +cHxJwGif t
yifrsm;udk a&maESmpdkufysdK;+yD; tyifrsm;udk txyfxyfpdkufysdK;onf? tyifwpfrsdK;pD. t
&dyfatmufwGif &Edkifaomaea&mifwGif touf±SifEdkifrnfh tyifrsdK;udk a&G;IpdkufysdK;onf?
tvm;wlpGmyif pdkufysdK;a&;orm;rsm;taeESifh tjrpfteufrwlaom tyifrsm;udka&G;
pdkufonfhtwGuf ajr}uD;xJrS ajr=oZm/ tpdk"gwfrsm;udk vk,l&efrvdkyJ r#r#ww tusdK;
±Sd±Sd toHk;csEdkfifonf? twlwuGpdkufysKd;aumif;aom tyifrsm;udk “wGJIpdkufysdK;Edkifaom
taygif;tazmftyifrsm;” [kac:onf?

viii
½kyfyHk (1) ukefusp&dwfenf;aompkdufysKd;a&;twGufvkdtyfonfhwefqmyvmrsm;

ix
Z,m; (2) wGJípdkufysdK;&efaumif;aomtyifrsm;

uefpGef;O ±Hk;ywDoD;/ c&rf;oD;/ c&rf;csOfoD;/ ðiyfoD;/ yJawmifh±Snf/ yJapmif;vsm;/

yJusm;/ *kefav#mf/ ajymif;zl;/ yJpif;iHk
yDavmyDeH uefpGef;O/ uefpGef;±Guf/ rkefn‡if;/ qvwf/ =uufoGefjzL/ ausmufz±Hk/
ajryJ
ydef;O uefpGef;O/ uefpGef;±GufESifhpifay:wGifwGm;wufaom rnfonfhtyif.
atmufwGifrqdk (t&dyfodyfr±Sdv#if) pdkufEdkifonf?
c&rf;csOfoD;/ uefpGef;O/ uefpGef;±Guf/ ausmufz±HkoD;/ rkefvmO
±Hk;ywDoD;
c&rf;oD;
ajymif;zl; ±Hk;ywDoD;/ c&rf;csOfoD;/ uefpGef;O/ yifykyJtrsdK;rsdK;/ a*:zD/ ajryJ/ ausmuf
z±HkoD;/ yJawmifh&Snf
ausmufz±HkoD; pifay:wGifpdkufEdkifaomtyif – bl;oD;/ c0JoD;/ ocGg;oD;/ =uuf[if;cg;oD;
=uuf[if;cg;oD; pifay:wGifpdkufEdkifaomtyif – yJwD/ yJusm;/ yJawmifh±Snf/ yJapmif;
vsm;oD;
uefpGef;±Guf ydef;O/ uefpGef;O/ yDavmyDeH/ c&rf;csOfoD;/ ajymif;zl;/ c&rf;oD;/ yDavmyDeH
ESifhpifay:wGifwG,fwufaomrnfonfhtyifrqdk

pyspfyif/ pifay:wGifpdkufEdkifaomtyif/ iSufaysmyif

yJwDtrsdK;rsdK;
arsmufO opfoD;yif odk@r[kwf pifay:wGifwG,fwufaomtyifrsm;
ocGg;oD; ajymif;zl;/ yJ/ rkefvmO/ ±Hk;ywDoD;/ c&rf;oD;
'ef@ovGefoD; uefpGef;O/ uefpGef;±Guf/ rkefn‡if;/ }udrfyif/ qvwf/ ausmufz±Hk/ arsmufO/
[if;EkEG,f

x
tkef;yifrsm;onf jrifhaomtyifrsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf tjrifhqHk;trdk;uJhodk@jzpf+yD; ,if;.
atmufwGif axmywfyif/ rmvumyif/ ydEMJyif/ aumfzDyif/ udkudk;yifponfhtyifrsm;udk
pdkufysdK;Edkifonf? yJtrsdK;rsdK;ESifhAl;/ z±HkoD;rsdK;wdk@udk opfyifatmufwGifpdkufIjzpfap/ opfyif
ay:wGif wG,fwufcdkif;IjzpfappdkufysdK;Edkifonf? emewfyif/ ajray:wGifwG,fukwfwwf
aom yifaxmifuyfyifrsm;ESifh wpfESpfpm;tyifrsm;udk ajr}uD;ay:wGifpdkufysdK;Edkifygonf?
xdk@twl =uuf/ bJuJhodk@ tdrfarG;wd&p>mefi,fuav;rsm;udk arG;jrLEdkifygonf?

½kyfyHk 2/ tedrfhtjrifhtrsdK;rsdK;½Sdaomtyifrsm;

xi
tyifrsm;wpfyifESifhwpfyiftjyeftvSefjznfhbufjzpf&eftwGuf pDpOf+yD;pdkufonfhtwGuf
• oD;ESHxGufE_ef;rsm;tqufrjywf±Sdaoma=umifh rdrdajcaxmufay:wGif t"Gef@±Snf
pGm &yfwnfEdkifjcif;
• ajr=oZm/ ajrv$mtxyfESifhajr}uD;pGwfpdkr_udkxdef;odrf;xm;jcif;
• ajrwdkufpm;jcif;rSumuG,fjcif;
• ydk;r$m;rsm;jym;vmr_tcGifhavsmhenf;apjcif;

pD;yGg;a&;/ / pdkufysdK;+cHudk =unfh±_xdef;odrf;&eftwGuf tukeftusenf;yg;onf? t

b,fha=umifhqdkaomf +cHtwGufvdktyfaomtyifrsm; a'owGif;&±Sd+yD; ajr=oZmrsm;udk +cH
twGif;ESifh a'oteD;tem;wpf0dkufwGif &±Sdonf? tyifrsm;pdkufysdK;&efESifh oD;ESHcl;&ef vG,f
ulojzifh tvkyform;rsm;rsm;pm;pm;rvdkay? aiGtenf;i,fom &if;ESD;&ojzifh pD;yGg;a&;
aumif;vmEdkifonf?

tyiftrsdK;rsdK;udk wpfESpfywfvHk; &dwfodrf;Edkifojzifh tydk0ifaiGudk tqufrjywf &±SdEdkif

onf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;pepf[kac:qdk&jcif;rSm –
• ajrae&mwpfckwnf;twGif; tyiftrsdK;rsdK;pdkufEdkifojzifh aps;uGuftwGif; a&mif;
cs&efESifh pm;oHk;&efoD;ESHtrsdK;rsdK;&±Sdonf?
• pdkufysdK;+cHtwGif; &±SdEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk oHk;ojzifh tjcm;jyifyypPnf;0,f,lr_udk
avsmhenf;aponf? rdom;pkav;a,mufom±Sdaom tdrfaxmifpkwGif tpm;t
pmrsm; ae@pOf&±Sd+yD; ydkaomoD;ESHrsm;udkvnf; wpfESpfywfvHk;a&mif;csEdkifonf?
• rdom;pkESifhaps;uGufwGif vdktyfaomtyifrsm;udkom pdkufonfhtwGuf ta&t
wGuft&enf;aomfvnf; tyifrsdK;pHkudk pdkufysdK;Edkifonf? xdk@a=umifh tyifwpfrsdK;
wnf; tvGeftu|HpdkufysdK;aompepfudk qHk;cef;wdkifaponf?

xii
ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;twGuftqifh 10 qifh

tqifh (1) ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;NcHyHkpHa&;qGJjcif;

yxrOD;pGm pdkufysdK;a&;vkyf&eftwGuf ajrae&mrnfr#±Sdonfudkavhvmyg? 'kwd,taeESifh

atmufygt&mwdk@udkxnfhoGif;a&;qGJyg?
• ajymif;a&$‹I r&Edkifaom taqmufttHk (tdrf/ a&wGif;/ opfyifponfjzifh )
• tyifrsm;/ +cHpnf;±dk;/ pifrsm;/ wd&p>mefarG;jrL&efae&mESifh ajraqG; ajr=oZmvkyf
&ef ae&mrsm;twGuf ae&mcsxm;yg? aemif 10 ESpfrS 15 ESpftxdtwGif; b,f
vdkO,smOf+cHrsdK; vdkcsifonfudk pOf;pm;xm;yg? pdkufysdK;csifaom opfyiftrsdK;t
pm;udk a&G;cs,f+yD; tuGmta0; rnfr#xm;rnfudk wGufcsufxm;yg? atmufwGif
±SdaomZ,m; 3 udk vrf;n$efcsuftaeESifh toHk;ðyEdkifygonf?

Z,m; (3) tylydkif;a'o½SdoD;yifrsm;\obm0

oD;yif tyif tyifrsm; vdktyf yifv,f &ifhusuf wGJpdkuf rsdK;aphodk

tjrifh t=um;±Sd aom a&rsuf vm Edkifaom avSmifjcif;
(rD oifhawmf &moD ESmjyift aom tyifrsm;
wm) onfhae&m Owk xuftjrifh tcsdef (c)
vyf(rDwm) (u) qHk;ae&m (ESpf)
axm 8 10 pdk 2500 5 2/ 3/ 8 pGwfpdkxkdif;r_dif;
ywfyif aomae&m
iSuf 4 3 pdk 1000 4 3/ 7/ 9 pGwfpdkxdkif;r_dif;
aysmyif aomae&m
udkudk; 2 3 pdk 1000 4 1/ 3/ 5/ 10 pGwfpdkxdkif;r_dif;
yif aomae&m
oD[dkVf 3 8 ajcmuf 1500 3 2/ 3/ 8/ 9 ajcmufaoG@
yif aomae&m

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 1

o=um; 8 10 pd/k 1500 5 5/ 9 ajcmufaoG@
yif ajcmuf aomae&m
tkef;yif 22 10 pd/k 1500 4 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ ajcmuffaoG@
ajcmuf 5/ 6/ 7/ 8 aomae&m
aumfzD 3 3 pdk 1000 4 1/2/ 4/ 9 pGwfpdkxkdif;r_dif;
yif aomae&m
'l;&if; 30 15 pdk 2500 5 3/ 6/ 8 pGwfpdkxkdif;r_dif;
yif ajcmuf aomae&m
rmv 10 6 pd/k 1500 3 1/ 3/ 8/ 9 ajcmuffaoG@
umyif ajcmuf aomae&m
ydEyJM if 10 8 pdk 1500 4 1/ 3/ 8/ 9 pGwfpdkxkdif;r_dif;
aomae&m
uepdk; 15 8 pd/k 200 10 1/ 3/ 8/ 9 pGwfpdkxkdif;r_dif;
yif ajcmuf aomae&m
oHy&m 5 5 ajcmuf 1500 4 1/ 9 pGwfpdkxkdif;r_dif;
yif aomae&m
o&uf 30 15 pd/k 500 6 1/ 9 pGwfpdkxdkif;r_dif;
yif ajcmuf aomae&m
vdarRmf 5 8 pdk 1000 5 1/ 9 pGwfpdkxdkif;r_dif;
yif aomae&m
oabFm 4 2 pdk 900 1 2/ 3/ 4/ 8/ ajcmuffaoG@
yif 9 aomae&m
emewf 1²5 1 pd/k 1000 1²5 1/9 ajcmuffaoG@
yif ajcmuf aomae&m

u|Jaum 5 8 pdk 1500 5 1/ 9 pGwfpdkxdkif;r_dif;

yif aomae&m

2 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
=uuf 13 10 pd/k 1000 10 1/ 9 pGwfpdkxdkif;r_dif;
armuf ajcmuf aomae&m
yif
=oZm 5 5 ajcmuf 1000 3 ajcmufaoG‹
oD; aomae&m

ref 25 16 500 16 ajcmufaoG‹

usnf; aomae&m
oD;

(u) pdk ] 9 vtwGif;pdkpGwfaom ajcmuf ] 5 - 6 vtwGif;ompdkpGwfaom

(c)
1 ] emewf 4 ] abmpudkif; 7 ] axmywf
2 ] iSufaysm 5 ] =oZmyifrsdK; 8 ] udkudk;
3 ] aumfzD 6 ] uepdk; 9 ] tkef;yif
rl&if; - UNICEF Home Gardens Handbook

• tyifoufwrf; - Oyrm (oufwrf;±Snfaom) *sif;udk (oufwrf;wdkaom)

ausmufz±HkrsdK;ESifhwGJpdkufEdkifonf? (oufwrf;±Snfaom) tkef;yifudkoufwrf;wdk
aomtyifrsm;jzpfonfhoabFmyif odk@r[kwf iSufaysmyifrsm;ESifh wGJpdkufEdkifyg
onf?
• tyifrsm;twGufvdktyfaomajr=oZmESifha& (pdkpGwfxdkif;r_dif;r_) vdktyfcsufrsm;
• tyifwpfyifcsif;pDtwGufvdktyfaom&moDOwkZ,m; 4 udk=unfhyg?
- pdkpGwfaomajrwGifaygufaomtyifrsm;rSm arsmufO/ uefpGef;±Guf/ pyg;/ iSufaysm
yifESifh}uHrsm;
- ydkIajcmufaoG@aomajrwGifaygufaomtyifrsm;rSm yJtrsdK;rsdK;wdk@jzpfonf?
- yifaxmifuyfwufIaygufaomtyiffrsm;rSm uefpGef;O/ uefpGef;±GufESifhpifay:
wGifwG,fuyfwwfaomtyiftrsdK;rsdK;wdk@jzpfonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 3

 - t&dyfwGifpdkufIaumif;aomtyifrsm;rSm *sif;ESifharsmufOwdk@jzpfonf?
aea&mifaumif;aumif;vdktyfaomtyifrsm;rSm bl;/ z±Hk/ c0J/ ocGg;oD;ESifh =uuf[if;cg;
oD;wdk@jzpfonf?

Z,m; (4) NcHxJwGif;½Sdtyifrsm;\wnfae&m

pdkpGwfaomae&mrsm;üpdkuf&aomt ajcmufaoGYaomae&müpdkuf&
yifrsm; (a&0wfaomae&m? a&t aomtyifrsm;
jrJpdkaomae&m)
arsmufO yJtrsdK;rsdK; ydEMJ
uefpGef;±Guf yDavmyDeH pyspf
}uH emewfoD; oD[dkVf
iSufaysm refusnf; rmvum
o&ufoD;
=oZmoD;
pif(odkY)yifaxmifuyfípdkuf&aom NcHpnf;½kd;jzpfapaomtyifrsm;
tyif
u) pifay:wG,fwufaomyJwDt abmpudkif;yif
rsdK;rsdK; 'ef@ovGefyif
yJusm; 0g; (+cHwdkif)
yJawmifh&Snf acgif&rf;yif
yJapmif;vsm; emewf
pdrf;pm;O yDavmyDeH
c) pifay:wG,fwwfaom[if;oD; *rkef;
[if;±Gufrsm;
bl;/ z±Hk/ c0JtrsdK;rsdK;/ ocGg;
=uuf[if;cg;

4 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
pifatmufwGifpdkuf&aomtyifrsm; jrufyifaygif;yifrwufEdkifatmif
umuG,fay;aomtyifrsm;
arsmufO uefpGef;O
uefpGef;±Guf uefpGef;±Guf
uefpGef;O (t±Gufcl;pm;&ef) z±HktrsdK;rsdK;
*sif; =uuf[if;cg;

rl&if; – UNICEF Home Garden Handbook

• tm[m&jynfhpHkapaomtyifrsm; - yJtrsdK;rsdK;/ tjrpftrsdK;rsdK;/ [if;oD;[if;
±GufESifhopfoD;0vHrsm;onfvlom;wdk@aepOfvdktyfaomtm[m&"gwfrsm;udk
jznfhqnf;ay;onf? ±kyfyHk 3 udk=unfhyg?

iSufaysm/ tkef;/ abmpudkif;ESifh0g;wdk@onf trsdK;rsdK;toHk;0ifaoma=umifh tukeft

usenf;apaompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;twGuf r±Sdrjzpfvdktyfaomtyifrsm;jzpfonf?

½kyfyHk (3) vlom;rsm;aeYpOfvdktyfaomtm[m&"gwf

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 5

 u² umAGef[dkuf'&dwf (tjrpfESifhopfOopfzkrsm;)
c² y±dkwif; (yJtrsdK;rsdK;)
*² ADwmrifESifhajratmufowWK (opfoD;ESifh[if;oD;[if;±Gufrsm;)

Z,m; (5) tukeftusenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;twGuf t"dupdkufysdK;aomtyif

rsm;\toHk;0ifyHktrsdK;rsdK;

iSufaysm tkef; abmpudkif; 0g;

- wd&p>>meftpm;tpm -avmifpm - avmifpmqD - avmifpmqD
- t&dyf -taqmufttHkypPnf; - ajr=oZm - yifaxmifuyfpif
- tyifi,fuav;rsm;cGJ -zsm - taqmuft - tyifi,fuav;
pdkufonfhtcgESifhrsdK;aphysdK; -wHjrufpnf; tHkypPnf; rsm;twGuf+cHpnf;±dk;
onfhtcgtumtuG,f -rsdK;aphavSmif&m -yifaxmifuyfpif - wd&dp>mefwJ/wif;
uky/f +cH
tjzpfoHk;jcif; wGiftoHk;ðyjcif; -+cHpnf;±dk;
- tyifi,fysdK;cif;
- t±Gufudkrkef‹xkwf&m -tyifwG,fwuf -wd&dp>meftpm -tdrfaqmuf&mwGif
wGiftoHk;ðyjcif; &efwkdiftjzpfoHk;jcif; - tyifrsm;twGuif wk f toHk;ðyjcif;
- tpm;tpm -jrufyifaygif;yif wdkif -tdrfaxmif
- ajraqG;vkyf&mwGif xdef;odrf;jcif; -+cHpnf;±dk;wdkif y&dabm*
abmiftjzpfoHk;jcif; -+cHpnf;±dk;tjzpfoHk;jcif; - jcif;awmif;rsm;
- r_dpdkuf&mwGifoHk;jcif; - pm;qD - ig;r#m;wH
- rD;cGufqD -tyifrsm;twGuf
- a& (tkef;&nf) ikwfwdkif
- tdrfaxmify&dabm* - +cHpnf;±dk;wdkif
- jcif;awmif; -rsdK;aphodkavSmifjcif;
- t&dyf - a&bl;rsm;
- yef;uefcu G f
- wd&dp>meftpm
a,muf
- obm0yifaxmifuyf - a&cGuf
pif - opfyiftjrpfrsm;
-tpm;tpm udkzHk;tkyfay;onfhajr
-tkef;qD aqG;/ aumuf±fdk;t
-a&r_wf pdkta&mtaESm
- tcif;abmifrsm;

6 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
tqifh (2) pdkufysdK;&efajrae&mrsm;tqifoifhjyifqifxm;jcif;

rdk;OD;umvwGif ajr}uD;rsm;E_;nHhojzifh tvkyfvkyf&mwGifvG,fulonfhtwGuf ajrae&m

rsm;udk tqifoifhpwifjyifqifxm;oifhonf? ajr,mjyifqif&mwGif ±dk;±dk;wefqmyvm
rsm;jzpfaom"g;/ aygufwl;ESifhpl;xdk;&mwGiftoHk;ðyEdkifaom0g;c|efrsm;omvdktyfonf? v,f
xGefpuf odk@r[kwf u|Jrsm;ESifhajr}uD;rsm;wl;qG&efrvdkyg?

½kyfyHk (4) ½dk;½dk;wefqmyvmrsm;

jrufyifrsm;udkckwfypf+yD; ajr}uD;ay:wGifajcmufonfhtxdxm;xm;yg?

½kyfyHk 5/ jrufckwfjcif;

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 7

jrufajcmufrsm;udkpkyHk+yD;rD;±_d‹ypfyg? opf±GufESifhjrufrsm;rD;&_d@ypf&mwGif atmufygtusdK;
aus;Zl;rsm;&±Sdonf?
• tyifrsm;twGufvdktyfaomtpm;tpmrsm;vsifjrefpGm&±Sdjcif;
• jrufyifaygif;yiftaphrsm;/ ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifha&m*grsm;udkokwfoif±Sif;vif;ypfjcif;
• rD;±_d‹+yD;aemuf&±Sdvmaomjymrsm;udkwGm;oGm;Edkifaomydk;r$m;rsm;[ef‹wm;um
uG,f&mwGiftoHk;ðyEdkifonf?

½kyfyHk 6/ opf½GufajcmufESifhjrufrsm;rD;½IdYypfjcif;

8 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
½kyfyHk 7/ tyifrsm;ukdobm0ajrMoZmxnfhípkdufysKd;jcif;

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 9

rsdK;aphysdK;&efESifhtyifi,fuav;rsm;pdku&f ef ajrwGif;uav;rsm;wl;ay;yg? obm0ajr=o
Zm (tyifESifhwd&dp>mefwdk@.rpif) tqifoifh±Sdrnfqdkygu awmif;xJwGifxnhf+yD; wGif;w
wGif;v#if vufwqkwfpmxnfhumajr}uD;ESifha&mxnfh&rnf? wGif;uav;rsm;±Sdonfh
ae&mrsm;udk ikwfwdkifuav;rsm;±dkufoGif;umrSwfom;xm;&rnf?

10 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
tqifh (3) rsdK;aphESifhtyifi,fuav;rsm;udk tqifoifhjyifqifxm;jcif;

[if;oD;[if;½Guf/ / rsdK;aphcs+yD;rStyifa&$ŒpdkufysKd ;oifhaomtyifrsm;rSm c&rf;csOfoD;/

=uufoGefeD/ c&rf;oD;/ i±kwfcsdKoD;ESifha*:zDxkwfESifhrkefvmxkyfrsm;jzpfonf?

yxrOD;pGmrsdK;aphcs&eftwGuf aumif;aomajruGufudk±Sm+yD;abmifcwfum 1 rDwmt

jrifh±Sdaomacgifrdk;rdk;ay;&rnf? rsdK;aphcs&eftwGufajr}uD;rSmzG+yD;/ ajrom;aumif;uma&
pD;Edkif&rnf? rsdK;aphcs&eftwGuf &$H›ap;ajrroHk;&yg? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf±$H‹ap;ajrwGifa&
rpD;EdkifbJa&0yfwwfojzifh rsdK;aphrsm;ykyfwwfygonf?

½kyfyHk 8/ rsdK;aphysdK;cif;

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 11

'kwd,taeESifh aps;xJrS0,f,l&±Sdaoma'owGif;xGuf[if;oD;[if;±GufrS &ifhaomrsdK;aph
uav;rsm;udkodrf;xm;yg? aea&mifwGif 4 - 7 &uftxdtajcmufvSef;xm;yg? taph&ifh
atmifrxm;yJa&mif;aom[if;oD;[if;±Gufrsm;wGifrlt&nftaoG;aumif;aomrsdK;aphrsm;
udk ±Sm0,fay;&rnf?

wwd,tqifhtaeESifh rsdK;aphrsm;udk wnpdrfxm;&rnf? a&ay:wGifaygavmay:aom t

yif rsm;udkrpdkufoifhyg? ,if;wdk@rSm rsdK;aphratmifwwfyg?

pwÎKxtqifhtaeESifh rsdK;aphrsm;udk rsdK;aphysdK;cif;xJwGif rsdK;aph.ESpfqt&G,f±Sdaom ajr

teufwGifpdkufxm;yg? tyifaygufuav;rsm; rEkwfypf&atmif rsdK;aphysdK;aom tcsdefY
tuGmta0; jcm;xm;ay;yg? rsdK;aph}uJ+yD; oHk;av;ywft=umwGif tyifa±$‹pdkufEdkif
avmufaom ysdK;yifuav;rsm; &±Sdrnfjzpfonf?

tqifhig;taeESifh tyifa±$‹ajymif;pdkuf&mwGif rsdK;aphysdK;cif;wGif;±Sdteuftwdkif; wl;It

yifa±$‹pdkuf&rnf? ysdK;yifrsm;udka&avmif;ay;+yD; aea&mifjcnfESifhrdk;'g%fwdk@rS umuG,fay;
&rnf?

tyifa±$‹ajymif;pdkuf&efrvdkaomtyifrsm;rSm
• yJtrsdK;rsdK; - ajryJ/ yJawmifh±Snf/ yJpif;iHk
• tEG,f±Sdaomtyifrsm; - ausmufz±HkoD;/ =uuf[if;cg;oD;/ Al;oD;/ z&JoD;/
ocGg;roD;ESifhocGg;oD;
• tjcm;tyifrsm;jzpfaom ajymif;zl;/ ±Hk;ywDoD;/ =uufoGefjzL/ uefpGef;O/ arsmufO
ESifh*sif;

tyifrsm;/ / yxrOD;pGm yifaxmifuyftrdk; 1 rDwm±SdaomrsdK;aphysdK;cif;udk aqmuf

ay;&rnf?

12 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
'kwd,tqifhtaeESifh opfoD;rsm;xJrS taphrsm;udkxkwf,l+yD; aea&mifatmufwGif (4)
&ufrS (&) &uftxdtajcmufvSef;xm;&rnf?

wwd,tqifhwGif taphrsm;udka&wGifwpfnpdrfxm;&rnf? a&ay:wGifaygavmay:ae

aomtaphrsm;udkv$ifhypf&rnf?

tqifhav;wGif aumif;aomtaphrsm;udkysdK;cif;wGif ysdK;xm;&rnf? aemifwGiftyifysdKrsm;

rEkwfypf&avatmif taphrsm;udkuGufvyfjcm;+yD;ysdK;xm;yg? ysdK;yifrsm;udkrsm;aomtm;
jzifh (3) odk@r[kwf (4) vtwGif;cGJIpdkufEdkifygonf?

tqifhig;wGif ysdK;yifrsm;udkysdK;cif;xJrSE_wfxkwf&rnfjzpf+yD; ysdK;cif;xJrSajr}uD;rsm;tjrpf.

ab;ywfywfvnfwGifusefcJh&rnf? ysdK;yifudka&$@ajymif;pdkuf&mwGif iSufaysmyifpnf. tcGH
rsm;udkacgufI ysdK;yifxnfhp&mtjzpftoHk;ðyEdkifonf?

tqifhajcmuftaewGif tyifa&$›ajymif;pdkuf&mwGif rsdK;aphysdK;cif;twGif;±SdwGif;euftwdkif;

wl;Ipdkuf&rnf? ysdK;yifuav;rsm;udka&avmif;+yD; wd&p>mefab;rSumuG,f&eftwGuf ywf
ywfvnfwGif0g;ikwfrsm;xdk;xm;yg? rdk;'g%f/ aea&mifjcnf'g%frS umuG,fEdkif&eftwGuf
tkef;vufrsm;tkyfxm;ay;yg?

udkif;ul;udkif;quf&efrvdkaomtyifrsm;rSm ydEMJyif/ oD[dkVfyif/ o=um;yif/ abmpudkif;yif

ESifh r_dyifwdk@jzpfonf?

a±Smufyif/ vdarRmfyif/ o&ufyif/ axmywfoD;ESifh =uufarmufyifrsm;pdkuf&mwGif udkif;ul;

udkif;qufjcif;rS&±SdaomysdK;yifrsm;pdkufv#if ydkIaumif;onf?

udkif;ul;udkif;quf&eftwGuf oHk;aomypPnf;ypP,rsm;udk awm&Gma'orsm;wGif&±Sd&ef

cufcJygonf? xdk@a=umifh pdkufysdK;cif;rsm;rS tyifysdKuav;rsm; 0,f,lIjzpfap/ pdkufysdK;a&;
ynm±Sif odk@r[kwf udkif;ul;udkif;qufwwfolrsm;xHodk@ tultnDawmif;Edkifygonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 13

tqifh 4/ pdkufysdK;jcif;

tyifrsm;pdkuf&eftwGuf taumif;qHk;tcsdefrSm rdk;OD;uspumvwGifjzpf+yD; [if;oD;[if;

±Gufrsm;udk ajcmufaoG@&moDpcsdew
f GifpdkufI ydkaumif;onf[kqdk=uonf?

tyifrpdkufrSD pDrHudef;qGJ+yD; vdktyfonfrsm;udkjyifqifxm;yg?

• wGif;wl;rnfhae&mrsm;udkpl;xdk;xm;yg?
• ,m,D+cHwdkifwpfckaqmufxm;yg
• yifaxmifuyfrsm;/ pifrsm;vkyfxm;yg?
• tyifrsm;umuG,f&eftwGuf
toHk;0ifrnfhypPnf;rsm;jzpfaom0g;acsmif;uav;rsm;/ tkef;vuf/ tkef;±GufESifh
iSufaysmyiftcGHrsm;udkpkxm;yg?
• a&$›ajymif;+yD;pysdK;yifuav;rsm;a&avmif;&eftwGuf
a&yef;u&m;uJhodk@aomAl;rsm; ESifha&vHkavmufpGm±Sdae&rnf?

'kwd,tqifhtaeESifhtyifrsm;pdkufxm;yg? taphwcgwnf;xnfhIpdkuf&aom [if;oD;

[if;±Gufyifrsm;udkt&ifpIpdkufyg? ajrwGif;xJwGifrsdK;aph. t±G,fESpfqpm±Sdaomteuf
ae&mwGif pdkfufyg? taphudkajr}uD;xJodk@jznf;nif;pGmxdk;xnfhvdkuf+yD; ajrjyefzdk@ay;&rnf?
taphpdkufonfh ae&mteD;wGif opfikwfwdkifuav;pdkufxm;I trSwftom;vkyfuma&
avmif;ay;yg? ajr}uD;udk rdk;jyif;xefpGm±Gmjcif;rS umuG,f&eftwGufESifh ajr}uD;pGwfpdkxdkif;
rd_if;r_ xdef;odrf;xm;&eftwGuf tyifudkiSufaysm±Guf odk@r[kwf tkef;vufrsm;ESifh &uf
aygif;tenf;i,ftkyfxm;&rnf? taphjzifhwdkuf±dkufpdkufonfhtyifrsm;udk ae&mtuGmt
a0; aoaocsmcsm jcm;xm;oifhygonf?

14 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
Z,m; 6/ wpfNydKifwnf;rsdK;aphBuJípdkufEdkifaom[if;oD;[if;½Gufyifrsm;\wpfyif
ESifhwpfyiftuGmta0;
tyiftrsdK;tpm; tuGmta0; (pifwDrDwm)
yJtrsdK;rsdK; (wdkifESifhpdkufaomyJrsdK;) 20
ajymif;zl; 20
z&JoD;/ ocGg;roD;rsdK; 30
±Hk;ywDyif 20
a±$z±Hk 100
ausmufz±Hk 100
=uufoGefjzL 5

tjcm;[if;oD;[if;±Gufyifrsm;udk 3-4 ywft=um;a&$›pdkuf&rnf? (tqifh 3 wGif±Sdaomt

ao;pdwftcsuftvufrsm;udk=unfhyg)? typfwpfyifESifhwpfyifudk oifhwifhavsmufywf
aom tuGmta0;jcm;xm;ay;yg?

Z,m; &/ tyifa½TUpdkuf&aom [if;oD;[if;½GufyifwpfyifESifhwpfyiftuGmta0;

tyiftrsdK;tpm; tuGmta0; (pifwDrDwm)
c&rf;oD; 45
c&rf;csOf 45
i±kwfcsdK 30
arsmufO 70
=uufoGefeD 5

Oyifrsm;jzpfaom uefpGef;O/ arsmufO/ yDavmyDeHESifhydef;Orsm;pdkuf&mwGif wGif;xJodk@opfrS

&±Sdaomjymrsm;udkwGif;xJodk@vufwpfqkyfpmcef@xnfhxm;&rnf? xdk@aemufjymrsm;udk
ajr}uD;ESifha&mI pdkufvdkaomOudkajr}uD;xJwGifxnfhI ajrESifhzHk;tkyfyg? xdktyifay:odk@
tkef;vufwpfvufcsxm;yg? TwGif tyifaygufuav;onftkef;±Gufrsm;udk xkd;azmuf

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 15

I wufvmrnf? Tenf;tm;jzifh jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;xdef;ouJhodk@jzpf+yD; ajr}uD;pdkxdkif;
r_udkvnf; xdef;ay;onfhusef;rmoefpGrf;aomtyifrsm;udk &±Sdrnfjzpfonf?

wwd,tqifhwGif tyifi,fuav;rsm;.ajc&if;wGif ajraqG;rsm;xnfhay;&rnf? ajr

aqG; xnfhay;jcif;qdkonfrSm opf±Gufajcmufrsm;/ aumuf±dk; odk@r[kwf pyg;cGH/ zGJrsm;udk
tyif.ajc&if;ywfywfvnfwGifajcmufpifwDrDwmtxlxnfhay;&rnf? tyifa±$‹ajymif;
pdkufydsK;+yD;onfESifh wpfjydKifeufajraqG;rsm;xnfhay;&rnf? taphwpfðydifwnf; xnfhpdkuf
aom tyifrsm;udkrl tyifpdkuf+yD; (2) ywf (3) ywft=umwGifajraqG;rsm;xnfhay;&rnf?

½kyfyHk 9/ ajraqG;xnfhjcif;

ajraqG;xnfhay;jcif;tm;jzifh
• taiG@ysHjcif;udkavsmhenf;ap+yD; ajr}uD;pGwfpdkxdkif;r_dif;r_xdef;ay;jcif;
• jrufyifaygif;yif}uD;xGm;vmjcif;rSumuG,fjcif;
• tyifrsm;twGuftpm;tpm&±Sdjcif;
• ajrwdkufpm;jcif;/ ajrv$ifhjcif;wdk@rSumuG,fEdkifjcif;

16 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
tqifhav;wGif tyifrsm;udktumtuG,fay;&rnf? tyifrsm;ESifh[if;oD;[if;±Gufrsm;
twGuf=urf;wrf;aomrdk;'m%fESifhaeyl'm%fwdk@rS umuG,f&eftwGuf trdk;tumrsm;
vkyfay;&rnf?

½kyfyHk 10/ tyifi,fuav;rsm;ukdaeESifhrdk;'gPfwdkYrStumtuG,fay;aeyHk

[if;oD;[if;±Gufyifrsm;a±$‹ajymif;pdkuf/ a&avmif;+yD; ajraqG;xnfhay;onfhaemufyHkwGif

jyxm;ouJhodk@iSufaysmtlcGH}uD;}uD;rsm;udk,lI ikwfwdkif±kdufumaeyl±SdefrS umuG,fay;Edkif
ygonf? iSufaysmtlcGHudk tenf;qHk;wpfywft=umumay;xm;&rnf? xdk@aemuft±Snf
(25) pifwDrDwmcef‹±Sdaom0g;ikwfwdkuav;rsm;udk tyifywfywfvnfwGifpdkufxm;yg? T
uJhodk@vkyf&jcif;rSm wd&dp>mefrsm;ab;rS umuG,f&efjzpfonf? wpfvt=umwGif 0g;ikwfu
av;rsm;udk E_wfxkwfEdkifygonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 17

ysdK;yifuav;rsm; a±$‹ajymif;pdkuf+yD;a&avmif;+yD;aemuf ajraqG;rsm;xnfhay;&rnf? xdk@
aemuf tkef;vufwpfvufudkyHkwGifjyxm;ouJhodk@ yd&rpfyHkpHaxmifxm;+yD; opfacsmif;
wpfacsmif;ESifh axmufIaxmifxm;&rnf? Ttkef;vufonf ysdK;yifuav;rsm;udk aeyl
'g%fESifhrdk;'g%fwdk@rS umuG,fay;rnfjzpfonf? tkef;vufudk wpfv=umtxd rdk;xm;ay;
&rnf? xdk@aemuf wpfrDwmt±Snfcef‹±Sdaom 0g;ikwfwdkifrsm;udktyif.ywfywfvnfwGif
pdkufxl+yD;wd&p>mefrsm;ab; rSumuG,fay;&rnf? tyifysdKuav; 2 rDwmcef‹±Snfvmonfh
txdikwfwdkifrsm; qufpdkufay;&rnf? tyifi,fuav;rsm;twGuf 0g;ikwfwdkifuav;
rsm;pdyfpdyfpdkufay;&rnf? odk@r[kwfu wd&p>mefi,fuav;rsm;tyifrsm;udk zsufqD;ypf
vdrhfrnf? yHk 11 udk=unfhyg?

½kyfyHk 11/ aeyl'gPfESifhrkd;'gPfwdkYrSumuG,fjcif;

“+cHpnf;±dk;yif” udkpkdufyg? “+cHpnf;±dk;t±Sif” qdk&mwGif opfyifESifhòcHykwfrsm;udk oD;ESHyif

rsm;umuG,f&eftwGufESifh tpm;tpm odk@r[kwf tdrfaxmify&dabm*tjzpf toHk;ðy&ef
pdkufysdK;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? yxrOD;pGm 0g;uJhodk@a'oxGGuftyifrsm;jzifh ,m,D+cHpnf;±dk;
aqmufxm;yg? xdk@aemuf,m,D+cHpnf;±dk;twGif; +cHpnf;±dk;t±Sifudk pwifpdkufysdK;&rnf?
tyifuav;rsm;udk +cHpnf;±dk;wef;uJhodk@jzpfvmatmif tuGufpdyfpdyfpdkufay;yg?

18 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
pdkufysdK;oifhonfhtyifrsm;rSm oabFmyif/ iSufaysmyif/ abmpudkif;yifESifh 'ef‹ovGefyifwdk@
jzpfonf? opfyifwpfyifESifh wpfyif. yifpnfrsm;udkquf+yD;umxm;&eftwGuf0g;vHk;rsm;
oHk;Edkifonf? opfyif}uD;rsm; wpfyifESifhwpfyift=um;wGif emewfyifrsm;ESifh yDavmyDeHrsm;
pdkufvdkufygu +cHpnf;±dk;atmufajcudk ESpfxyfumxm;ouJhodk@ jzpfonfhtwGuf wd&p>mef
rsm;tEW&m,frS umuG,fEdkifygonf? (yHk 12 udk=unfhyg)?

yOPrtaeESifh yifaxmifuyfpifrsm;axmifay;yg? yifaxmifuyfpifqdkonfrSm tyifrsm;

wG,f wuf&efaqmufvkyfxm;onfhpifrsm;jzpfonf? rdk;&moDwGif ocGg;oD;rsm;pifay: r
wufyJajr}uD;ay:wGiftoD;oD;v#if toD;rsm;ykyfwwfonf? pifay:wG,fwufapjcif; tm;
jzifh toD;tyGifhrsm;ykyfodk;apjcif;rS umuG,Ef dkifygonf? pifay:wGifwG,fwufwwfaom yJ
trsdK;rsdK;ESifhbl;/ z±kHwdk@rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh wpfðydifwnf;taphcsIpdkuf&aomtyifrsm;
jzpfaoma=umifh taphcs+yD; 3 - 4 ywft=umwGif tyifi,fuav;rsm;udk wdkifay:wGif
wG,fwufapoifhygonf? tyif.ab;wGif wkdifuav;rsm;pdkufxm;ygu t yifi,frsm;
wdkifay:wG,fwufEdkifrnfjzpfonf? pifrsm;udka&ajrmif;rsm;ay:wGifjzwfI aqmufxm;yg
u a&ajrmif;±Sda&rsm;taiG@ysHr_udkumuG,fay;Edkifygonf?

½kyfyHk 12/ NcHpnf;½kd;yifrsm;

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 19

 ½kyfyHk 13/ pifrsm;

pifaqmufjcif;.tusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;rSm-
• tyifay:wG,fwufEdkifaomtyifrsm;jzpfonfh yJtrsdK;rsdK;/ bl;/ z±HkrsdK;wdk@udk pif
wpfckwnf;tay:wGifwG,fwufapjcif;tm;jzifh pdkufysdK;&efae&mrsm;ac|wm t
oHk;ðyEdkifjcif;?
• pifatmufwGift&dyfóudufaomtyifrsm;udkvnf; pdkufysdK;Edkifjcif;?

½kyfyHk 14/ pifaqmuf&eftwGufvdktyfaomypPnf;rsm;

20 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
 • a&ajrmif;rsm;/a&tdkifrsm;ay:wGifjzwfI oD;ESHpdkufysdK;pm;oHk;Edkifjcif;?
• wd&dp>mefrsm;zsufqD;EdkifrnfhtEW&m,frSa&Smif&Sm;I pifay:wGifwufapjcif;tm;jzifh
toD;tESH/ [if;oD;[if;±Gufrsm;&±SdEdkifjcif;wdk@jzpfygonf?

toHk;ðyEdkifaomt&mrsm;rSm –
• pifwdkifrsm;aqmuf&eftwGuf - abmpudkif;yifrsm;ESifh0g;rsm;
• tyifwG,fwufEdkif&eftwGuf – toD;csdK;+yD;onfhajymif;zl;yifrsm;/ yDavmyDeHyif/
tkef;vuf/ 0g;yiftudkif;tcufrsm;/ wdkifrsm;/ opfudkif;opfcufrsm;/ abmpudkif;
yifrsm;ponfwdk@jzpfonf? yHk 14 udk=unfhyg?

opfyifrsm;onf EG,fwufwwfaomtyifrsm;twGuf “pift±Sif”uJhodk@yifjzpfonf?

iSufaysmyifESifhoabFmyifrsm;.ywfywfvnfwGif ESpfpOfpdkuf&aomEG,fyifrsm; (touf
wpfESpf=umponfhtyifrsm;jzpfaom c&rf;csOfoD;/ yJtrsdK;rsdK;ESifh bl;/ z±Hk) udkpdkufoifh
onf? yHk 15 udk =unfhyg?

qXrtqifhtaejzifh oD;ESHrsm;txGufaumif;ap&ef tyifrsm;rnfodk@pdkuf&rnfudk tpDt

pOfqGJoifhygonf? pdkufysdK;a&;pvkyfcsdefESpOf D;ydkif;wGifoD;yif/ opfyifrsm;tyifi,fao;onfh
twGuft&dyfr±SdyJaeylvGef;v#if ESpfpOfpdkuf&aomt&dyfxlxyfaomEG,fyifrsdK;rsm; pdkufysdK;
oifhonf?

tyifrsm;wpfjznf;jznf;}uD;xGm;vm+yD; t&dyfrsm;aumif;vmonfhtcsdefwGif ESpfpOfpdkuf&

aompifay:wufEG,fyifrsm;tpm; t&dyf}udKufaomtyifrsm;wdk;csJ@I pdkufysdK;&rnfjzpf
onf? tkef;yifysdKrsm;onf t±Gufrsm;aoma=umifh t&dyfaumif;onfhtwGuf tkef;yiftdk
rsm;xuf tuGmta0;jcm;I pdkufysdK;oifhonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 21

 ±kyfyHk 15/ opfyifrsm;jzifhaqmufxm;aompifrsm;

pdkufysdK;cif;pwifumptcsdefrsm;wGif tvkyform;ESifhypPnf;ud&d,mrsm; ydkIvdktyfrnfjzpf

onf? TtcsdefwGif
• tyifysdKrsm;twGufa&rsm;rsm;avmif;jcif;
• jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;ydkI okwfoif±Sif;vif;&onf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf ae
a&mifjcnfr&±SdIwpfa=umif;/ tyifatmufwGif ajraqG;rsm;xnfhrxm;I wpf
a=umif;a=umifh jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;xlxyfpGm aygufa&mufwwfonf?
• ajraqG;vkyf&eftwGuf opf±Gufajcmuf/ opf±GufaqG;ponfhatmff*if;epfypPnf;
rsm;vdktyfjcif;
• tyifuav;rsm;udk wd&dp>mefrsm;&efrS ydkItumtuG,fay;&jcif;
• tyifuav;rsm;rsdK;ygG;jcif;ESifh rsdK;aphtopfrsm;ydkIvdktyfvmjcif;wdk@jzpfonf?

22 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
tqifh (5) a&odkavSmifjcif;ESifhoHk;pGJjcif;

tylydkif;&moDa'orsm;wGif tcuftcJESpfrsdK;jzpfaomrdk;&moDwGif a&wdkufpm;jcif;ESifh aEG

&moDwGifrdk;acgifjcif;wdk@udk t+rJwrf;&ifqdkif&wwfonf? a'owGif;xGufypPnf;rsm;udk oHk;
I ajrwdkufpm;jcif;ESifh ajr}uD;pdkpGwfr_wdk@udk jzpfEdkifor#xdef;oifhonf?

rdk;a&rsm;pkaqmif;odkrSD;xm;&eftwGuf uefuav;rsm;wl;xm;oifhonf? pdkufysdK;cif;.

tedrfhqHk;ae&mrsm;wGif 3»3»1³5 rDwmywfvnfteuf±Sdaom wGif;uav;rsm;udkwl;
xm;yg? ±$H‹ap;ajr±Sdaom ae&mrsm;wGif ydkIaumif;ygonf? tu,fIajr}uD;onf oJajr
odk@r[kwf uspfvpfaom ajrjzpfygu wGi;f .atmufajcESifhab;bufywfywfvnfrsm;udk
&$H‹ap;ajrESifh usHxm;yg? wGif;xJodk@rdk;a&rsm;ydk@Edkif&eftwGuf wl;ajrmif;uav;rsm;wl; ay;
&rnf? wGif;rsm;.tay:wGif tyifwG,fwuf&efpifrsm;udktay:rSrdk;Iaqmufxm;ay;jcif;
tm;jzifha&aiG@jyefjcif;udk umuG,fEdkifygonf? a&xJwGifwd&dp>meftpmtjzpf toHk;ðyEdkif
&ef aA'gyifrsm; pdkufysdK;xm;Edkifygonf?

rdk;&moDukefonfhaemufydkif; ajr}uD;pGwfpdkr_udk xdef;odrf;xm;Edkif&eftwGuf tyifrsm;.

atmufajcwGif tyifaqG;/ opf±Gufaq;rsm;udk ajcmufvufrtxlcef‹xnfhxm;ay;yg?

rdk;&moDukefonfhaemufwGif ESpfwdktyifrsm;odk@r[kwf ajcmufaoG@'g%fudkcHEdkifonfhtyif

(pGwfpdkr_tenf;i,fomvdktyfaomtyifrsm;) udkompdkufyg? ajcmufaoG@'g%fudkcHEdkif
onfh tyifrsm;rSm yJtrsdK;rsdK;/ ajymif;zl;ESifh tjrpf/ opfO/ opfzk±Sdonfhtyifrsm; (txl;
ojzifh yDavmyDeH/ arsmufOESifhuefpGef;O) wdk@jzpfonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifhtyifrsm;udk
ajcmufaoG@&moDyxrESpfvwGif a&aumif;aumif;rGefrGefavmif;ay;ygu aemifvrsm;wGif
ajcmufaoG@&moDudk cHEdkifrnfjzpfonf?

a&avmif;&eftwGuftoHk;ðyEdkifonfht&m0wÎKrsm;rSm –
• a&yef;tjzpftoHk;ðyEdkif&efAl;oD;ajcmuf odk@r[kwf oHAHk;rsm;.atmufajcwGif t
aygufi,fuav;rsm;azgufxm;yg?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 23

 ½kyfyHk 16/ ½dk;½kd;a&yef;

½kyfyHk 17/ opf½Gufrsm;ay:wGifa&avmif;cstyifa&jzef;ay;jcif;

24 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
• a&yHk;a&cGufrsm;twGuf 0g;ydk;0g;tqpfrsm;azmufjcif;tm;jzifh 0g;usnfaxmuf
a&yHk;rsm; toHk;ðyEdkifygonf?
• a±$‹ajymif;pdkufysdK;+yD;umpysdK;yifuav;rsm;udk a&avmif;&mwGif opf±Gufudkif;rsm;
udk,l+yD; xkdopf±Gufuav;rsm;ay:rSwqifha&avmif;+yD; ysdK;yifuav;rsm;udkjzef;
ay;Edkifygonf? xdkodk@ðyvkyfjcif;tm;jzifh tyifrsm;ua&udknDwlnDr#ESifh nifom
pGm &±Sdrnf jzpfonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 25

tqifh (6) jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;aygif;oifckwfxGif½Sif;vif;jcif;ESifhtoHk;csjcif;

jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;qdk&mwGif rvdktyfaomtyifrsm;jzpfonf? txl;ojzifhrdk;&moDtcsdef

wGif jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;aumif;rGefpGm=unfh&_xdef;odrf;&efvdktyfonf? oifpdkufysdK;xm;
aom tyifw0dkufwGif jrufyifrsm;aygufaeygu xdkjrufyiftm;vHk;udk Ekwfxkwf&rnf? t
b,fha=umifhqdkaomf jrufrsm;onf -
• tyifrsm;twGufvdktyfaom ajr}uD;pGwfpdkr_ESifhtm[m&"gwfrsm;udk vk,lrnf?
• aea&mifjcnfESifhajrae&mrsm; tðydiftqdkifvk,lrnf?
• ydk;r$m;wd&dp>mefrsm;ESifha&m*gydk;rsm;twGuf cdkudk;&mae&mjzpfonf?

E_wf+yD;aomjrufyifaygif;yifrsm;udk atmufyguJhodk@wpfzef jyefvnftoHk;csEdkifygonf?

• ajrwdkufpm;jcif;rSumuG,fjcif;
• wd&dp>meftpm;tpmtwGuftoHk;csjcif;
• opf±GufaqG;ajrrsm;vkyf&mwGiftoHk;ðyjcif;
• tyifrsm;.tpm;tpm – xkdjrufyifaygif;yifrsm;udkaqG;ajrhapjcif;tm;jzifh odk@r
[kwf rD;±_d‹+yD;jymtjzpf‚if; toHk;csEdkifonf?

½kyfyHk 18/ tyifrsm;\atmuf

ajcwGifopf½GufaqG;rsm;zkdYay;jcif;

26 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;twGuf xdef;odrf;&eftwGufenf;y&d,m,frsm; -
• "g; odk@r[kwf aygufwl;rsm;toHk;csI jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;±Sif;vif;okwfoifjcif;?
• jrufyifrsm;ESdyfuGyfonfhtyifrsm; toHk;csjcif; - tEG,frsm;±SdIwG,foGm; wwf
aom tyifrsm;jzpfaom uefpGef;OESifhbl;z±Hkwdk@onf jrufyifaygif;yifrsm;}uD;
xGm;vmjcif;rS tumtuG,fay;Edkifonf?
• tyifrsm;atmufajcwGifjrufajcmufrsm; odk@r[kwf tjcm;tyifajcmufrsm;jzpf
aom tkef;±GufESifhiSufaysm±Gufajcmufrsm;zHk;xm;jcif;tm;jzifh jrufyifayguf jcif;
rsm;rS xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonf? pdkufysdK;cif;wGif±Sdaomtyif}uD;rsm;/ opfyifESifhyif
axmifuyfpifrsm;rS t&dyfrsm;&±Sdjcif;a=umifh jrufyifrsm;odyfIraygufacs?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 27

tqifh 7/ ajrMoZmay;jcif;

jrufyifaygif;yiftygt0if pdkufysdK;cif;rsm;xJwGifaygufaom aqG;jrnfhEdkifaomtyiftm;

vHk;udkajr=oZmðyvkyfEdkifygonf? wpfcsdK‹tyifrsm;wGif ±Sdaomtpmt[m&rsm;onf wpf
csdK@tyifrsm;xufydkrsm;wwfonf?
• Edkufóxd*sifonf"gwfajr=oZmxkwf&mwGif ta&;ygaomypPnf;wpfcktjzpf toHk;
ðyjcif;ESifh tyifrsm;vsifjrefpGm }uD;xGm;&efr±Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom ta&;}uD;aom
t&mjzpfonf? obm0rS&±SdEdkifaomEdkufóxd*sif"gwfrsm;udk yJyiftrsdK;rsdK;ESifh
wd&p>mef rsm;.rpifESifhqD;rsm;rS &±Sdonf?
• tyifrsm;.tjrpfrsm;ESifh yifpnf}uD;xGm;cdkifcef‹+yD; ydk;r$m;ESifha&m*gydk;"gwfrS um
uG,fEdkif&eftwGuf azhgpy&yfpf (Phosphorus) ESifhydkwufpD,rf"gwfrsm;&±Sd&ef
vdkonf? xdk@tjyiftoD;aumif;+yD;atmif&eftwGuf T"gwfrsm;udkr±Sdrjzpfvdk
tyfonf? obm0azghpy&yf(pf)ESifhydkwufpD,rfrsm;udk opfjymrsm;/ iSufaysm±Guf/
iSufaysmcGH/ iSufaysmyifESifh}uH±Gufrsm;rS&±SdEdkifonf?

opf½GufaqG;ajrMoZm/ / opf±GufaqG;ajr=oZmqdkonfrSm tyifESifhwd&dp>mefwdk@. rpif

tºuGif;tusefrsm;udk ajraqG;tjzpfajymif;vJapjcif;jzpfonf? opf±GufaqG;ajr=oZmudk
"gwfajr=oZmtpm; tpm;xdk;Ijzpfap ajr}uD;ðyjyif&mwGifjzpfaptoHk;ðyEdkifygonf? opf
±GufaqG;ajr=oZmvkyf&efae&mrsm;rSm iSufaysmyifrsm;t=um;±Sdae&mvyfwGifjzpfonf?
iSufaysmyifrsm;onft&dyfaumif;+yD; ajrpGwfpdkr_udkxdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonfhtjyif ajr}uD;xJ
wGif pdrfh0ifonfhajraqG;t&nfrsm;u iSufaysmyiftwGuf ajr=oZmjzpfaponf? 1»3»1
rDwm±Sdaom opfaqG;ajr=oZmyHkwpfyHk odk@r[kwf wGif;wpfwGif;wGif±Sdaom opfaqG;ajr
=oZmrsm;udk pdkufysdK;cif; 500 pwk&ef;rDwmywfvnfae&m±Sdaomtyifrsm;udk opfaqG;
ajr=oZm xda&mufpGm ay;Edkifonf?

28 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
 ½kyfyHk 19/ iSufaysmyifrsm;Mum;wGif½Sdaom opf½GufaqG;ajrMoZmwGif;

• 1 rDwmteuf±SdonfhwGif;wpfwGif;udkwl;yg?
• avt0iftxGuf±Sd&eftwGuf wGif;.atmufajcwGifajymif;zl;yifrsm;ESifh tudkif;
tcufrsm;udkxnfhxm;yg? odk@aomfTt&mrsm;udk opfaqG;ajr=oZmvkyf&eft ajr

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 29

+yD;jzpfonf? ajrrsufESmjyifay:wGif opf±GufaqG;ajr=oZmrsm;udk nDnDnmnm xnfhay;
yg? xdk@aemufajr}uD;udkwl;+yD; opf±GufaqG;ajr=oZmESifha&maESmay;yg? tyifrsm; usef;rm
±Sifoef&efESifhtoD;rsm;rsm;atmif&eftwGuf rdk;&moDtpydkif;wGif aemufxyfwpf}udrfxyf
xnfhay;&rnf? ±kyfyHk 20 udk=unfhyg?

ajr=oZmt&nf – ajr=oZmt&nfvkyf&eftwGufvdktyfaomt&mrsm;rSm
• 50 uDvdk*&rf0ifqef‹Edkifaom rdk;umzsif=urf;tdwfodk@r[kwfqeftdwf
• wd&p>mefrpif (tpdk)
• ausmufwHk;tenf;i,f
• a&rpdfrfhEdkifaomwGif;odk@r[kwf 55 *gvH0ifqef‹EdkifaomwdkifuDyHk;
• a&

½kyfyHk 20/ opf½GufaqG;ajrMoZmta&twGuf

opf±GufaqG;ajr=oZmvkyfyHkvkyfenf;tqifhqifhrSmatmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?
• 50 uDvdk*&rfcef‹qef‹aomtdwfudk rpiftpdkav;yHkoHk;yHkxnfhI tdwfudkóud;ESifh
csnfydwfvdkufyg?

30 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
 • tdwfudkwGif; odk@r[kwf wdkifuDyHk;tvGwfxJodk@xnfh+yD; rpif 1uDvdkv#if a& (2)
vDwm tcsdK;jzifhwGif; odk@r[kwf wdkifuDyHk;udkjznfhay;yg? xdkuJhodk@vkyfv#if ajr=o
Zm t&nf 100 vDwm&±Sdrnfjzpfonf?
• tdwfudka&xJwGifESpfap&eftwGuf ausmufwHk;rsm;jzifhzday;yg? xdk@aemuftzHk;ydwf
xm;yg?
• 3 ywft=umwGiftdwfudkwGif;xJrS odk@r[kwf wdkifuDyHk;xJrSxkwfvdkufyg? ±kyfyHk 21
udk =unfhyg?

tyifuav;rsm;tan‡mifhxGufvmjcif; odk@r[kwf tyifa&$›ajymif;IpdkufysdK;+yD;onfhaemuf

2 - 3 ygwft=umwGiftyifuav;rsm;ajc&if;wGif ajr=oZmt&nfrsm;avmif; xnfhay;
yg? wpfvt=umwGif ajr=oZmt&nfaemufwpfacgufavmif;xnfhay;yg? tyifwpfyif
wGif 1§2 vDwmE_ef;avmif;ay;yg? ±kyfyHk 22 udk=unfhyg?

½kyfyHk 21/ ajrMoZmt&nfvkyfyHktqifhqifh

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 31

 ½kyfyHk 22/ ajrMoZmt&nfavmif;ay;aeyHk

32 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
tqifh 8/ ydk;rTm;xdef;odrf;ESdrfESif;jcif;

ydk;r$m;ESdrfESif;jcif;qdk&mwGif pdkufysdK;cif;twGif; tif;qufydk;r$m;rsm;usa&mufjcif;ESifh a&m*g

ydk;rsm;usa&mufjcif;wdk@rSumuG,f&efESifh ESdrfESif;&eftwGufjzpfonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh rdk;
&moDrsm;wGif ydk;r$m;tEW&m,fydkqdk;onf? ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;cif;Y ydk;r$m;xdef;
odrf;jcif;jyoemrsm;onf tjcm;pdkufysdK;cif;YxufydkIenf;yg;onf? xdkodk@enf; yg;&jcif;rSm
ta=umif;&if;ESpfcka=umifhjzpfonf? yxrtcsuftaeESifhukefusp&dwfenf;aom pdkufysdK;
cif;rsm;Y pdkufysdK;aomtyifrsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifha'o±Sd tyifrsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf
a'ocHydk;r$m;rsm;udk cHEdkif&nf±Sd+yD;om;jzpfonf? 'kwd,taeESifh tyifrsm;a&maESmpdkufysdK;
xm;jcif;rsm;a=umifh tyifwpfrsdK;wnf;pdkufysdK;aompdkufysdK;cif;rsm;uJhodk@ oD;oef‹ydk;r$m;t
rsdK;tpm;rsm; arG;xkwfjcif;rS umuG,fEdkifygonf?

ydk;r$m;ESdrfESif;jcif;twGuf vkyfaqmif&rnfht&mrSm
• a&m*g±Sdaomtyifrsm; odk@r[kwf tudkif;tcufrsm;E_wfxkwfypfyg?
• “taygif;tazmfpdkufysdK;jcif;”trsdK;aygif; 30 rS 50 txd±Sdaom opfyifrsm;a&m
aESmpdkufysdK;ay;jcif;a=umifh ydk;r$m;trsm;pkESifha&m*gydk;rsm;aygufzGm;vmjcif;rS um
uG,fEdkifygonf?
• tif;qufydk;r$m;owfaq;twGuf pdkufysdK;cif;rS&±Sdaomi±kwfoD;/ =uufoGefjzLrsm;
rD;±d_‹+yD; jymrsm;udkydk;owfaq;tjzpftoHk;ðyyg?

jymrsm;onf wGm;oGm;wwfaom ydk;r$m;wd&dp>mefrsm;'g%frSumuG,fay;onf? tyifu

av;rsm;wpf0dkufwGif (3) pifwDrDwm±Sdonfhjymrsm;avmif;csay;+yD; t±Gufrsm;ay:wGif jym
rsm; jzL;xm;ay;yg?

udkufpm;wwfaom tif;qufydk;r$m;rsm;udk i±kwfoD;ESifh=uufoGefjzL &nfjzef;ay;jcif;tm;

jzifh ESdrfESif;ay;Edkifygonf? i±kwfoD; odk@r[kwf =uufoGefjzL vufwpfqkwfpmudkaxmif;+yD;
a&wpfvDwmESifha&may;yg? xdkt&nfrsm;udk yvyfpwpfa&yef;xJavmif;xnfhI tyif
rsm;ay:odk@ wdkuf±dkufavmif;xnfhIjzpfap/ atmufajcwGiftaygufrsm;azmufxm;aom
ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 33
oHAl;xJodk@ xdkt&nfavmif;xnfhI tyifrsm;ay:odk@ avmif;xnfhIjzpfap/ opfudkif;
uav;wpfudkif;udkckwf,l+yD; t±Gufrsm;udka&xJpdrfxm;um tyifrsm;ay:odk@v_yfcg+yD; t
&nfjzef;ay;yg?

pkwfwwfaomtif;qufydk;r$m;rsm;twGuf qyfjym&nf/ a&eHqDESifha&a&mIjzef;ay;ygu

xda&mufr_±Sdonf? t0wfav#mfqyfjymcGufav;yHkwpfyHk (15 *&rfr#)/ a&eHqD[if;cyfZGef;
av;yHkwpfyHkESifh a&wpfvDwma&may;&rnf?

34 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
tqifh 9/ oD;ESH&dwfodrf;jcif;ESifhodkavSmifjcif;

a&maESmpdkufysdK;aompdkufysdK;cif;rsm;wGif ae‹pOfoD;ESHrsm;cl;,l&dwfodrf;Edkifygonf? TuJhodk@

pdkufysdK;cif;rSoD;ESH[if;oD;[if;±GuftrsdK;rsdK;/ yJtrsdK;rsdK;/ toD;trsdK;rsdK;ESifhtdrfarG;wd&p>mef
tom;wdk@udk tqufrjywf&±Sdojzifh tm[m&twGufvnf;oifhwifhavsmufywfygonf?

omrefvl}uD;wpfa,muftwGufvdktyfaomtm[m&rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?

y½dkwif; qDESifhumAGef[dkuf'&dwf tjcm;vdktyfaomADwmrifESifh

tiftm;twGuf pGrf;tif?cGeftm;twGuf ajratmufowåKrsm;
a&m*gumuG,f&eftwGuf
ESppf Of 105 uDv*kd &rf 35 175 uDvdk 60 uDvdk
wpfESpf uDvdk 58 uDvdk 20 uDvdk
3 }udrf

omrefvl}uD;wpfOD;twGuf ae‹pOfvdktyfaomtm[m&&mcdkifE_ef;rsm;rSm-

y½dkwif; umAGef[dkuf'&dwf qD tjcm;ADwmrifESifhajratmufowåKrsm;

20μ 55μ 10μ 15μ

vdktyfaomtm[m&rsm; - ADwmrifESifhajratmufowWKrsm;jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifaom t
pm;tpmrsm;udkZ,m; 8 wGif=unfhyg?

owdðy&eftcsufrsm;rSm -
• tqDxJwGifaysmf0ifEdkifaom ADwmrifatudk t±Gufpdrf;rsm;xJwGif awG@±Sdwwf
onf? odk@aomf xdkt±Gufpdrf;rsm;udka=umfvdkufv#if ADwmrifatavsmhenf;oGm;
rnfjzpfonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 35

 • a&wGifaysmf0ifEdkifaomADwmrifrsm;jzpfaom (ADwmrifbDaygif;pHkESifhADwmrifpD )
wdk@udkt±Gufpdrf;rsm;wGifawG@&aomfvnf; xdkt±Gufrsm;udk tcsdef=umjrifhpGm a&
wGifpdrfxm;Ijzpfap/ ðywfIjzpfap/ rpm;cif tcsdef=umjrifhpGmjyifqifxm;jcif;ESifh
rcsufðywf odk@r[kwf rpm;rSDtcsdef=umjrifhpGmxm;jcif;wdk@a=umifh ADwmrif"gwf
rsm;avsmhyg;oGm;Edkifonf?

Z,m; 8/ tdrfNcHxJrS&½Sdaomtm[m&rsm;
ADwmrifat ADwmrifbD y½dkwif;
arsmufOt±Guf oabFmoD; (rcsuf&ao;) ajryJ
'ef‹ovGef ocGg;roD; yJtrsdK;rsdK;
=uuf[if;cg;oD;ESifht±Guf a±SmufoD; yJvGrf;
uefpGef;Ot±Guf vdarRmfoD; yJpif;iHk
z&kH±Guf emewfoD; yJydpyf
i±kwf±Guf rmvumoD; yJ=um;/ yJðywfav;
uefpGef;±Guf =oZmoD; yJawmifh&Snf
rkefn‡if; c&rf;csOfoD; yJapmif;vsm;
[if;EkEG,f pawmfb,f&DoD; pdrf;pm;O
rkefvmOeD oD[dkVfoD; z&JoD;aph
w±kwfeHeH i±kwfcsdKoD; iSufaysmzl;
o&ufoD;rS›nf oD[dkVfaph
iSufaysmoD;
oabFmoD;rS›nfh
csOfaygif±Guf
pGrf;tif tqDrsm; oH"gwf
xrif;§qef axmywfoD; rkefn‡if;
ajymif;zl; tkef;Edk@ [if;EkEG,f
uefpGef;O ajryJ =uufoGef+rdwf
arsmufO oD[dkVfaph 'ef‹ovGef±Guf

36 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
yDavmyDeH yJydpyf uefpGef;O±Guf
tkef;oD; (&ifh) pyg;cGH uefpGef;±Guf
iSufaysmoD; opfoD;ajcmuf
ydEMJoD; yJtajcmuf
}uH iSufaysmzl;
rl&if; – UNICEF Home Garden Handbook

• [if;oD;[if;±Gufrsm;udk rdepftenf;i,fomðywf+yD; ,if;t&nfrsm;udk aomuf

pm;jcif;tm;jzifh tm[m&"gwfudkvHkavmufpGm&±Sdrnfjzpfonf?
• vl}uD;wpfOD;twGuf wpfESpfpmvdktyfaomtm[m&"gwfudk&±Sd&eftwGuf oif.
pdkufysdK;cif;udk rnfodk@pDrHcef‹cGJ&ef atmufygtcsuftvufrsm; od±Sd&efvdktyfyg
onf?
• ESpfpOfpdkufysdK;aomtyifwpfrsdK;twGufajrae&mtus,f pwk&ef;rDwm rnfr#vdk
tyfygoenf;?
• tyifta&twGufrnfr#pdkufysdK;rnfenf;?
• cef‹rSef;ajctm;jzifh wpfpwk&ef;rDwmwGif txGufE_ef;uDvdk*&rfrnfr#&±Sdrnf
enf;?
• vdktyfaomrsdK;aphrsm;
u
Z,m; 9/ tm[m&"gwfay;aomtyifrsm; (120 &ufwdkif;wm )
tyifrsm; tyifpdkuf&eft tyifta& oD;ESHtxGufE_ef; vdkdtyfaom
wGufvdktyfaom twGuf (1pwk&ef;rDwm§ rsdK;aph (*&rf)
ajrae&m (c) 1 uDvdk*&rf)
y½dkwif;ay;aom
tpm;tpm
yJawmifh&Snf 8 16 16 60
yJusm;(yJjzLuav;) 4 8 6 30

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 37

yJapmif;vsm; 5 9 7 30
ajryJ 8 16 4 60
pkpkaygif; 25 49 33
pGrf;tifay;aomt
pm;tpm
uefpeG ;f O 25 25 50 75 ydik ;f
arsmufO 10 20 15 20 ydik ;f
yde;f O 20 20 40 20 ydik ;f
yDavmyDeH 25 25 50 25 ydik ;f
pkpkaygif; 80 90 155
tjcm;ADwmrifESifh
ajratmufwGif;
xGufowåKrsm;
z±Hrk sKd ; 2 2 2³0 15
c&rf;csOfoD; 3 6 3³0 5
a*:&cg;oD; 1 1 2³0 15
=uuf[if;cg;oD; 1 1 2³0 15
c&rf;oD; 3 6 4³5 5
uefpeG ;f ±Guf 5 25 3³5 25 ydik ;f
uefpGef;O±Guf 5 25 3³0 25 ydkif;
pkpkaygif; 20 66 20.0

u² arsmufO/ ydef;OESifhyDavmyDeu
H Jhodk@ydkI=umaomtyifrsm;rSvGJI
c² pkpkaygif;vdktyfaomajrae&m 125 pwk&ef;rDwm

ydef;OESifh[if;oD;[if;±Gufponfh obm0tavsmuftyifudk t±Sifxm;+yD; t±Gufrsm; udk

vdk tyfonfhtcsdefwGif cl;,l/ wl;,lpm;Edkifjcif;udk “obm0tavsmuft±Sifxm;IodkrSD;
xm;jcif;” [kac:ygonf?

38 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
 ½kyfyHk 23/ tyifrsm;ukdobm0tavsmuft½Sifxm;okdavSmifxm;jcif;

½kyfyHk 24/ [if;oD;[if;½Gufrsm;ukdvTpmESifhpyg;cGHrsm;xJüokdavSmifxm;jcif;

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 39
[if;oD;[if;±Gufrsm;jzpfaom c&rf;oD;ESifhi±kwfoD;wdk@udk v$pmESifhpyg;cGHa&m xm;aom
tr_ef‹rsm; wGif;xJxnfhI odkrSD;xm;Edkifonf? odk@aomf xdktoD;rsm;.t+rD; (tan‡mifh)
rsm;onf xdka&mxm;aomtr_ef‹rsm;ESifhrxd&yJ azmfxm;&rnf? yHk 24 udk =unfhyg?

yJtrsdK;rsdK;ESifhtjcm;[if;oD;[if;±Guf (toD;) wdk@udktajcmufvSef;I odkrSD;xm;Edkifonf?

40 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
tqifh 10/ rsdK;apha½G;cs,fjcif;ESifhodkavSmifjcif;

aemuf&moDwGifpdkufysdK;&eftwGuf rsdK;apha&G;cs,f&mY toefrmqHk;ESifhtxGufE_ef; rsm;+yD;

a&m*gydk;rsm; umuG,fEdkifaomtyifrStaphrsm;udk a&G;xkwf&rnf? vdktyfaomrsdK;aph 50
&mcdkifE_ef; xufydkIpkxm;yg?

• yJtrsdK;rsdK;udkrsdK;aphxm;&eftwGuf toD;udktyifxufwGif&ifhatmif xm;+yD;

aemuf cl;IaeylvSef;xm;yg? ajcmufaomtoD;xJrS taphrsm;xkwfvdkufyg?
• [if;oD;[if;±Guf (toD;) rsm;udkrl rsdK;aphxkwf&ef vsmxm;aomtoD;rsm;udk t
yifay:wGif&ifhapyg? xdk@aemuftoD;rsm;udkcl;+yD; toD;tzwfrsm;udka&wGif aq;
ypf+yD; taphrsm;udkxkwfIaevSef;vdkufyg?

½kyfyHk 25/ rsKd;aphrsm;odkavSmifxm;jcif;

• [if;±Gufrsm;udkrl tyif±SdtyGifhuav;rsm; t0ga&mifoef;onftxdxm;+yD;cl;yg?

xdktyGifhuav;rsm;udkajcmufatmifaevSef;+yD; taphrsm;udkcgcsumodrf;xm; Edkif
ygonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 41

 rsdK;aphrsm;odkavSmifxm;Edkif&eftwGuf 0g;usnfaxmifhrsm; jyifqifxm;yg? tpdkjyefjcif;
ESifh a&m*gydk;r$m;rsm;'g%frSumuG,fEdkif&eftwGuf 0g;usnfaxmifhxJodk@ jymav; yHkwpf
yHkxnfhay;yg? xdk@aemufrsdK;aphrsm;udkxnfhI odkavSmifxm;yg?

ukefusp&dwfenf;onfhpdkufysdK;+cHudk ajrae&m 500 pwk&ef;rDwmtus,ft0ef;±Sdonfh

ajr uGufwGifvG,fulpGm =unfh±_xdef;odrf;pdkufysdK;Edkifygonf?

½kyfyHk 26/ ukefusp&dwfenf;aompkdufysKd;a&;NcH

42 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
tusOf;csKyf

oifhrdom;pkvdktyfaom tpm;tpmtm;vHk;eD;yg;udk xkwfvkyfEdkif&eftwGuf a'o

xGuf tyifrsm;udkompdkufysdK;v#if t&if;tESD;vHk;0rukefbJ vdktyfonfhoD;ESHrsm;udk
vnf; &±Sdrnfjzpfonf? tyifa&maESmpdkufysdK;jcif;onf 0ifaiGenf;aomv,form;
rsm;twGuf tusdK;oufa&mufr_rsm;pGm±Sdonf?

• =um;xdk;pdkufysdK;jcif; (trsdK;wltyifESpfck=um;tjcm;tyifwpfrsdL;tm; =um;xdk;

pdkufysdK;jcif;) tm;jzifh ydk;r$m;rsm;xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonf?
• tyifrsm;twGuf vdktyfaomtpm;tpmrsm;udk +cHxJ±SdpdkufysdK;xm;aomtyif
rsm;ESifhwd&p>mefrsm; xHrS&±Sdonf?
• tyifrsm;atmufajcwGif opf±Gufrsm;/ ajraqG;rsm;zHk;xm;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh jruf
aygif;yifrsm;xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonf?
• opf±Gufrsm;/ ajraqG;rsm;zHk;ay;xm;jcif;ESifh a&rsm;odkavSmifxm;jcif;a=umifh a&
rsm;xdef;odrf;odkavSmifxm;Edkif+yD; tusdK;±SdpGmtoHk;ðyEdkifonf?
• [if;oD;[if;±Gufrsm;trsdK;rsdK;±SdonfhtwGuf vlwdk@twGuf tm[m&vdktyfcsuf
rsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;rnfjzpfonf?
• tyifrsm;udk obm0+cHpnf;±dk;rsm;jzifhum&Hay;xm;+yD; &duQmrsm;udkvnf; +cHwGif;
xGufypPnf;rsm;oHk;I odkavSmifxm;Edkifonf?

ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;tqifh (10) qifh 43

 ½kyfyHk 27/ tukeftusenf;onfhpdkufysdK;NcH

44 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
aemufqufwGJ 1/ a&maESmpdkufysdK;NcHvkyf&eftwGuf owdjyKoifhonfhtcsufrsm;

1? pdkufysdK;+cHonf tpm;tpmtrsdK;rsdK;/ aq;0g;ESifhtdrfaqmufypPnf;rsm; xkwfay;Edkif

onf? (toHk;ðyEdkifaomtrsdK;tpm;rsm;avav a'ocHvlrsm;ydkItoHk;ðyavav
jzpfonf?)

2? opfyif}uD;rsm;.trdk;rsm;onfrsufESmusufozG,ftxyfxyf±SdonfhtwGuf ae
.pGrf;tifudkxda&mufpGm toHk;ðyEdkifonf? (ajrae&mtuef‹towftwGif;±Sdt
yifrsm; wpfyifESifhwpfyif ðydifqdkifr_r±SdyJ ðydifwl}uD;xGm;vmEdkifonf?)

3? tyiftrsdK;rsdK;wdk@. rwlnDaomtjrpf±Sd&m ajrtv$mtoD;oD;wdk@a=umifh ajr

atmuf±Sd a&rsm;ESifhajrqDrsm;udkydkIaumif;rGefpGmtoHk;csEdkifonf? (ajrae&mt
uef‹towftwGif;±Sd pdkufysdK;aomtyifrsm;onf ðydifqdkifr_tenf;i,fjzifh }uD;
xGm;vmEdkifonf?)

4? opfyif&dyfrsm;ESifhpifay:wG,fwufaom pm;Edkifaomtyifrsm;pdkufxm;aom pif

t&dyfrsm;jzifh jrufyifaygif;yifrsm; }uD;xGm;vmr_udkumuG,fEdkifygonf? (rvdk
aomtyifrsm; }uD;xGm;vmr_udkxdef;csKyfjcif;tm;jzifh vdktyfaomtyifrsm; }uD;
xGm;vm&ef tcGifhaumif; rsm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf?)

5? a&maESmpdkufysdK;a&;+cHxJwGif tyifrsm;udkrsm;EdkifoavmufxlxyfpGmpdkufysdK;onf?
(tyifpdkuf&eftuef‹towf±Sdonfhae&mudkrsm;EdkifoavmuftoHk;csjcif;jzpf
onf?)

6? tyifrsm;udk a'otwGif;vG,fulpGm&±SdEdkif+yD; vG,fulpGmtrsdK;yGm;Edkifygonf?

(a'oxGufr[kwfaomypPnf;rsm;tay: rSDcdkr_enf;apjcif;)

7? tyifrsm;onf ,if;wdk@.rsdK;qufrsm;udkjyefvnfI yGm;rsm;apEdkifaomt&nft

aoG;±Sdonf? (vdktyfaomt&nftaoG;avsmhyg;jcif;tcGifhrsm;enf;apjcif;)
aemufqufwGJ 45
8? tyifrsm;}uD;xGm;&eftwGuf ydk;owfaq;ESifhajr=oZmrsm;tenf;i,fom odk@r
[kwf vHk;0rvdktyfacs? ("gwfajr=oZm0,f&eftwGuf aiGoHk;&efrvdkacs?)

9? tyifrsm;udktwlwGJIpdkufysdK;jcif;onf tyifrsm;udkumuG,fovdkjzpf+yD;vdktyf
aom t[m&"gwfrsm;udkvnf;&±Sdrnfjzpfonf? (tyifrsm;udktwlwGJIpdkufysdK;
jcif;onf toD;tESHxGufE_ef;udkydkI wdk;yGm;aponf?)

10? atmf*if;epfrsm;udk+cHxJ±Sdxm;+yD; tyifrsm;twGufvdktyfaom tjcm;tpm;t

pmrsm;udk wd&p>mefrsm;/ vlrsm;ESifhoD;ESHtºuGif;tusefrsm;rS&±fdSEdkif+yD;tyifrsm;
atmufajcwGif xnfhay;Edkifonf? (+cHxGuyf pPnf;rsm; oHk;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh ajr
=oZmtwGuf ukefusrnfhukefusp&dwfaiGudk avsmhenf;apEdkifonf?)

11? oD;ESHrsm;udkwpfESpfygwfvHk;cl;,lpm;oHk;Edkifonf? (tjcm;aomtpm;tpmrsm;±Sm;

yg;jywfvyfaomtcsdefrsm;Y +cHrSxGufaomtpm;tpmESifhtjcm;aom tajccHvdk
tyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqD;ay;Edkifrnfjzpfonf?)

12? vkyftm;tenf;i,fomvdk+yD; tjcm;0ifaiG&rnfht"dutvkyfrsm;udk rxdcdkufay?

(ae‹pOfvkyf&aomvkyfief;wpfcktjzpfowfrSwf&efvdktyfonf?)

13? +cHxGuftoD;tESHrsm;rSm t[m&ESifhjynfhpHkonfh tpm;tpmtrsdK;rsdK;udk &±Sdojzifh

t[m&csdK@wJhr_rsm;udk avsmhyg;apjcif; odk@r[kwf vHk;0r±Sdapawmhay? (wpfESpf
ygwfvHk;twGuf aumif;rGefaomtpm;tpm&±SdEdkifcGifhay;onf?)

14? Tpdkufcif;rsm;onf obm0a*[pepfysufpD;r_ jzpfEdkifrnfhtajctaeudk rjzpf

apyg?
rl&if; ? UNICEF Home Gardens Handbook

46 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
aemufqufwGJ 2/ ukefusp&dwfenf;aompkdufysKd;a&;jcHwGifpkdufysKd;onfhtyifrsm;ESifh
½ku©aA'trnfrsm;
½ku©aA'trnf [if;oD;[if;½Guftrnf
Allium cepa =uufoGefeD
Allium sativum =uufoGefjzL
Anacardium occidentale oD[dkVfoD;
Ananas comosus emewf
Anona cherimola =oZm
Arachis hypogaea ajryJ
Artocarpus heterophyllus ydEMJ
Bambusa blumeana 0g;
Brassica Oleracea Var. capitata a*:zD
Brassica spp. rkefvm
Capsicum frutescens i±kwf
Carica papaya oabFm
Cassia fistula 'ef‹ovGef
Ceiba pentandra r_d‹
Citrus aurantifolia oHy&m
Citrus grandis u|Jaum
Citrus spp. vdarRmf
Cocos nucifera tkef;
Corchorus olitorius or C. capsularis ±Hk;ywD
Cucumis melo ocGg;r
Cucumis sativus ocGg;
Cucurbita pepo a±$z±Hk
Daucus carota rkefvmeD
Durio zibethinus 'l;&if;
Hibiscus spp. acgif&rf;
Ipomoea aquatica uefpGef;
Ipomoea batatas uefpGef;O
aemufqufwGJ 47
Lactuca spp. qvwf±Guf
Laggenaria siceraria ausmufz±HkoD;
Lamarindus indica refusnf;
Lansium domesticum uepdk;
Luffa cylindrica oyGwf
Lycopersicum esculentum c&rf;csOf
Mangifera Indica o&uf
Manihot esculenta yDavmyDeH
Momordica Charantia =uuf[if;cg;
Musa Sapientum iSufaysm
Nephelium lappaccum =uufarmuf
Nympaea odorata -umyef;
Oryza sativa pyg;
Pachyrrhizus erosus pdrf;pm;O
Parsea americana axmywfoD;
Passiflora fostida a*:&cg;oD;
Patroselinum crispum eHeH
Pisum sativum pm;awmfyJrsdK;
Psidium guajava rmvum
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus yJapmif;vsm;
Saccharum officinarum }uH
Solanum melongena c&rf;oD;
Solanum tuberosum tmvl;
Spinacia oleracea [if;EkEG,f
Vitis spp. pyspf
Zea mays ajymif;zl;
Zingiber officinale *sif;

48 ukefusp&dwfenf;aompdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;