NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous College under VTU, Accredited by NAAC with “A” Grade)
Bengaluru-562164, Karnataka, India

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “STUDIES ON ENHANCEMENT OF
PERFORMANCE OF HEAT EXCHANGERS USING NANO PARTICLES” carried out by
Mr. SRINIVASA B N (1NC17MMD07), bonafide students of Nagarjuna College of
Engineering and Technology, an autonomous institution under Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belgaum in partial fulfillment for the award of Master of Technology in Machine
Design during the academic year 2018-2019. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions
indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the
departmental library. The project work has been approved, as it satisfies the academic
requirement in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.

Name &Signature of the Guide Name& Signature of HOD Name & Signature of the Principal

Dr. N Kapilan Dr. N Kapilan Dr. Srikanta Murthy K

External Viva-Voce

Name of the Examiner Signature with date

1. ......................................... .............................................

2. ......................................... .............................................

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every project begins with an idea and materializes with concrete efforts. In the
beginning, I would like to thank the almighty God and our parents who gave me the
strength and capability to work on this project and complete it successfully.
I am extremely grateful to my project guide Dr. N Kapilan, Professor and HOD,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, NCET for the guidance and encouragement.

It is indeed gratifying to have the privilege to express sense of gratitude to PG Co-

ordinator Mr. Amaresh Gunge, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, NCET for his scholarly guidance during the course of investigation.

I extend my sincere gratitude to Dr. N Kapilan, Professor and Head of the

Department, Mechanical Engineering, NCET, for his consistent assistance and guidance
during the course of the project work.

I also express my gratitude to Dr. Srikanta Murthy. K, Principal, Nagarjuna

College of Engineering and Technology for his help and support.

I thank for the Teaching staff and Non-teaching staff of the Department of Nano-
Technology, VIAT PG-Center Muddenahalli, for their co-operation and support with the
Material testing and Ultrosonification process.

Finally, I express my immense pleasure and thanks to all Teaching staff and Non-
teaching staff of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, NCET for their co-operation
and support.

Srinivasa B N

(1NC17MMD07)

DECLARATION

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I, SRINIVASA B N bearing USN:1NC17MMD07 student of M.Tech in Machine Design,
Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, an Autonomous college under
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagaum, hereby declare that the second phase
project work “Studies on Enhancement of Performance of Heat Exchangers Using Nano
Particles” has been carried out by me and submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of
the Master of Technology in Machine Design, during the year 2018-2019. Further the
matter embodied in the dissertation work has not been submitted previously by anybody for
the award of any degree or diploma to any other university.

Place: NCET, Bengaluru (SRINIVASA B N)

Date: USN: 1NC17MMD07

ABSTRACT
Nanofluids are a fluids containing nanometer-sized particles, called
nanoparticles. These fluids are Suspension of nanoparticles in conventional fluids. Nanofluids
have been the subject of intensive study worldwide since pioneering researchers recently
discovered the anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The enhancement of heat transfer
using nanofluids have been used as one of the passive heat transfer techniques in several heat
transfer applications. It is considered to have great potential for heat transfer enhancement

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and are highly suited to application in heat transfer processes like microelectronics, fuel cells,
pharmaceutical processes, and hybrid-powered engines, engine cooling/vehicle thermal
management, domestic refrigerator, chiller, heat exchanger, and in boiler flue gas temperature
reduction. This review covers the enhancement of heat transfer by using nanofluids and
potential applications of nanofluids. This paper presents an updated review of the heat
transfer applications of nanofluids to develop directions for future work because the literature
in this area is spread over a wide range of disciplines, including heat transfer, material
science, physics, chemical engineering and synthetic chemistry.

CONTENTS
Certificate i
Acknowledgement ii
Declaration iii
Abstract iv
Contents v
List of figures vi
List of tables vi

CHAPTER NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1-8
Introduction to nano fluid 1
History of nano fluid 2
History of Heat Exchanger 2

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 Heat conduction mechanisms in nano fluid 2
Type of Nano fluid 3
Thermal conductivity of nano fluid 3
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nano Fluid 4
Applications of Nano Fluid 5
2 LITERATURE RIVIEW 9-11
3 OBJECTIVES 12
4 PREPARATION METHOD FOR NANOFLUID 13-16
One-step method 13
Two-step method 13
Preparation steps 14
5 CONCLUSIONS 17
6 FUTURE SCOPE 18
7 REFERENCES 19-20

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Thermal conductivities of various solids and liquids 1

1.2 Brownian motion 3
1.3 Effect of temperature on thermal conductivity of 3
AL2O3-based nanofluids
4.1 Two-step technique 13
4.2 Alluminium Oxide 15
4.3 Digital weighing machine 15
4.4 500 ML nano fluid preparation flask 15
4.5 Magnetic stirrer 15
4.6 Different volumetric concentratios of a nano fluid 16
preparation
4.7 Ultrasonic stirring fluid 16

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Specifications of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) Nano particles 6

1.2 Specifications of Base fluid (Dematerialized Water) 6
1.3 Thermal Conductivity of aluminum oxide and Water 7
1.4 Calculated viscosity of Nano fluid of different volume 8
fraction